CN109909565B - Electrolytic machining cathode device for freezing protective sleeve material and machining method - Google Patents
Electrolytic machining cathode device for freezing protective sleeve material and machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109909565B CN109909565B CN201910202880.3A CN201910202880A CN109909565B CN 109909565 B CN109909565 B CN 109909565B CN 201910202880 A CN201910202880 A CN 201910202880A CN 109909565 B CN109909565 B CN 109909565B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052956 cinnabar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides an electrolytic machining cathode device and a machining method for a freezing protective sleeve material, and belongs to the technical field of electrolytic machining. The cathode device mainly comprises a cathode head, a cathode block, a freezing block and a refrigerant capsule body. In the trepanning electrochemical machining method, the refrigerant capsule body surrounds the protection cavity in the middle of the frozen block, the machined part of the workpiece gradually extends into the protection cavity in the middle of the frozen block, the refrigerant is introduced from the inlet end of the refrigerant capsule body, the refrigerant flows out from the outlet end, and stray electrolyte in the protection cavity in the middle of the frozen block is frozen. The invention is beneficial to reducing the stray corrosion of the machined surface of the workpiece caused by the stray electrolyte, reducing the taper of the workpiece and improving the surface quality of the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrolytic machining, in particular to a cathode device for electrolytic machining of a freezing protective sleeve material and a machining method.
Background
The electrolytic machining has higher machining efficiency and lower machining cost in the mass forming of high-strength and high-hardness materials such as high-temperature alloy, titanium alloy and the like, and is widely applied to the machining of difficult-to-machine materials in military industry, national defense industry and aerospace manufacturing.
The electrolytic machining is based on the electric field between the cathode and the workpiece, the electrolyte flow field and the electrochemical dissolution principle to erode the metal workpiece, the cathode device is continuously fed to the workpiece in the machining process, the surface material of the workpiece is continuously eroded and finally formed, and the electrolytic machining has the advantages of wide machining range, no mechanical cutting force, residual stress, deformation and the like.
In the electrochemical machining, when a stray electric field generally exists around the machined surface of the workpiece and the high-speed electrolyte in the machining gap between the workpiece and the cathode often diffuses into the machined area of the workpiece, the stray electrolyte around the machined surface of the workpiece can cause stray corrosion, the quality of the workpiece surface is reduced, and the taper is generated. In a patent 'full-process linear flowing flexible protective sleeve material electrolytic machining device and method' (Nanjing aerospace university, inventor Lianluaowu Xueyanwujia, application number 201610696734.7 applicant), a method for sealing a machined region of a workpiece by using a flexible insulating block is disclosed to reduce stray corrosion in the electrolytic machining process, but the flexible insulating block cannot be completely sealed with the machined part of the workpiece, so that part of stray corrosion still occurs; in a patent "method for protecting the surface of a non-processed workpiece by using a passivated metal coating in electrolytic processing" (application number 201410525749.8, Nanjing aerospace university, inventor Wangdongguo Baohihu Zhuwei Zhuyedi, Wangdongguo Baohiwei) discloses a method for reducing stray corrosion of a workpiece by coating a passivated metal layer on the non-processed surface of the workpiece, but the processed surface of the workpiece generated in the processing process cannot be protected and the preparation period of the coating is long; in the patent of 'freezing auxiliary micro-hole processing method and device based on low-temperature environment' (application number 201510212740.6 applicant Nanjing aerospace university, inventor cinnabar yanxuzhengyang chen dingfei), a method for improving the quality of a workpiece outlet by using a liquid nitrogen freezing micro-hole processing outlet is disclosed, but the surface quality improvement of the whole hole processing process is not obvious;
in the existing various trepanning electrochemical machining stray corrosion protection methods, the adoption of a mechanical sealing mode is difficult to ensure that stray electrolyte is effectively prevented from entering a non-machining area, and stray corrosion caused by the electrolyte still exists on the machined surface of a workpiece;
other existing various stray corrosion protection effects are respectively limited, and a more effective nesting electrochemical machining protection method still needs to be further searched;
the electrolyte plays an important role in electrolytic processing. The electrolyte, the processed material and the tool cathode form an electrode for electrochemical reaction in the electrolytic processing, the electrode is used as a medium for electrochemical reaction of the workpiece under the action of an external electric field, and the contained conductive ions are also used as a medium for transferring current and play an indispensable role in removing electrolysis products and taking away heat generated in the processing process.
Common electrolyte electrolytes such as sodium chloride, sodium nitrate and the like are affected by water molecules only in a molten state or after being dissolved in water, ionic bonds are broken, and free ions with certain concentration can freely move to transfer current and serve as electrolyte; when the electrolyte of the electrolyte is in a solid crystal, strong ionic bonds exist among ions, the ions are bound in crystal lattices and cannot move freely, and the electrolyte cannot conduct electricity well, and is difficult to serve as an excellent medium for electrolytic processing reaction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a freezing protective sleeve material electrochemical machining cathode device and a machining method, aiming at solving the problem of stray corrosion of stray electrolyte on a machined part of a workpiece in the current-stage sleeve material electrochemical machining, and aiming at reducing the workpiece taper and improving the workpiece surface quality.
The utility model provides a freeze protective sheath electrolytic machining cathode device, includes rectangle negative pole piece and negative pole head, its characterized in that: the center of the rectangular cathode block is provided with a rectangular cavity which is through up and down, and a freezing block is arranged in the rectangular cavity; the freezing block is sequentially an upper freezing block, a sealing gasket and a lower freezing block from top to bottom, and the upper freezing block, the sealing gasket and the lower freezing block are connected through bolts;
a rectangular upper protection cavity is processed in the center of the upper freezing block; a lower protection cavity corresponding to the upper protection cavity is formed in the center of the lower freezing block, the lower protection cavity is communicated up and down, and an annular groove body is formed around the lower protection cavity; a refrigerant capsule body is arranged in the annular groove body; the middle of the cathode head is provided with a cathode edge groove for workpiece forming and is connected with the lower bottom surface of the cathode block through a threaded hole.
The processing method of the electrolytic processing cathode device for the frozen protective sleeve material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the trepanning electrochemical machining method, electrolyte flows laterally, namely flows in from one side of an electrolyte inlet of a machining gap between a cathode head and a workpiece and flows out from an electrolyte outlet on the other side; the cathode device continuously feeds to the surface of the workpiece, and the machined part of the workpiece is formed by a cathode edge groove in the middle of the cathode head and then gradually extends into the lower protection cavity and the upper protection cavity of the freezing block; the stray electrolyte heat in the lower protection cavity and the upper protection cavity is continuously absorbed by the refrigerant capsule body, the stray electrolyte temperature in the lower protection cavity and the upper protection cavity is rapidly reduced below the freezing point to be frozen, and the frozen stray electrolyte further blocks the electrolyte in the machining gap from entering the lower protection cavity.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention can reduce the workpiece taper caused by stray corrosion. The part of the workpiece that has been processed is gradually sleeved into the protection cavity of the frozen block, and stray electric field and stray electrolyte exist in the protection cavity, and stray corrosion is brought on the surface of the part of the workpiece that has been processed by the liquid stray electrolyte. When the ultralow-temperature refrigerant is introduced into the refrigerant capsule body around the protection cavity, the refrigerant rapidly reduces the temperature of the electrolyte in the protection cavity to below the freezing point, the stray electrolyte in the protection cavity is frozen, and the liquid stray electrolyte is frozen into a solid state. After the electrolyte is frozen, the concentration of freely moving ions in the electrolyte is greatly reduced, the capacity of transferring current is limited, electrolytic corrosion is difficult to occur, the machined surface of a workpiece is protected, and the taper of the workpiece is greatly reduced.
2. The invention can improve the surface processing quality of the workpiece. When the machined part of the workpiece has the stray electrolyte, the stray electrolyte can bring electrolysis products generated in a machining gap between the workpiece and the cathode, the electrolysis products containing strips in the machined area of the workpiece can unevenly exist on the surface of the machined part of the workpiece along with the electrolyte, the distribution of the electrolysis products can change the conductivity of the machined area of the workpiece, stray corrosion of different degrees occurs on the surface of the machined part of the workpiece due to uneven distribution of the conductivity, and the surface quality of the workpiece is reduced. After the liquid stray electrolyte in the freezing cavity is frozen, the solid stray electrolyte freezing block can prevent electrolytic products in the machining gap from entering a machined area of the workpiece, so that uneven stray corrosion at each part of the machined part of the workpiece is reduced, and the surface quality of the workpiece is improved.
The electrolytic machining cathode device for the frozen protective sleeve material is characterized in that: the refrigerant utricule is inside hollow structure, and the centre has refrigerant stock solution room, and the stock solution room both sides set up refrigerant feed liquor pipe and refrigerant drain pipe respectively, and refrigerant feed liquor pipe and refrigerant drain pipe are in proper order through freezing piece, rectangle negative pole piece under, and stretch to the negative pole piece outside. The refrigerant capsule body is made of soft heat conducting materials, so that the refrigerant capsule body can be conveniently installed, and the refrigerant is prevented from leaking in the cathode device to influence the concentration of the electrolyte.
The electrolytic machining cathode device for the frozen protective sleeve material is characterized in that: the overall dimension of the refrigerant capsule body corresponds to the dimension of the annular groove body of the frozen block. The refrigerant capsule body is attached to the freezing block, so that the freezing effect of the stray electrolyte is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cathode assembly structure and the flow of electrolyte and coolant;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerant bladder configuration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lower freezing block configuration;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the upper freezing block structure
Number designation in the figures: 1-workpiece 2-cathode head 3-cathode block 4-freezing block 4-1 upper freezing block 4-2 lower freezing block 4-3 upper protection cavity 4-4 lower protection cavity 5-sealing gasket 6-refrigerant capsule 6-1 refrigerant inlet 6-2 refrigerant outlet 7-electrolyte inlet 8-electrolyte outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the electrolytic machining cathode system for freezing protective sleeve material is characterized by comprising:
the main steps of the invention for electrolytic machining of the workpiece mainly comprise the following processes:
step 1), assembling all parts of each cathode device, and connecting the assembled cathode devices and cathode rods to a feeding main shaft of a machine tool;
step 2), respectively communicating a refrigerant liquid inlet pipe orifice and a refrigerant liquid outlet pipe orifice with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet on a refrigerant bag body;
step 3), installing and fixing a workpiece, and connecting the water sealing clamp with the cathode device after determining the relative position of the workpiece and the cathode in the machine tool;
step 4) feeding the machine tool spindle connected with the cathode device to a position with a proper initial gap relative to the workpiece;
step 5), connecting a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a power supply for electrolytic machining with the workpiece and the cathode device respectively;
step 6), connecting a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the electrolyte system to a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the water sealing clamp respectively;
step 7), starting an electrolyte system, and conveying electrolyte to a processing system of a cathode and a workpiece;
step 8), introducing a refrigerant into the refrigerant capsule body;
step 9), after the electrolyte system and the refrigerant are introduced normally, feeding of the main shaft of the machine tool to the surface of the workpiece is started, and machining is started;
and step 10), stopping feeding of the machine tool, conveying of an electrolyte system and introducing of a refrigerant after feeding and machining are carried out to a preset distance, and finishing machining.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a freeze protective sheath electrolytic machining cathode device, includes rectangle negative pole piece (3) and negative pole head (2), its characterized in that:
the center of the rectangular cathode block (3) is provided with a rectangular cavity which is through up and down, and a freezing block (4) is arranged in the rectangular cavity; the freezing block (4) is sequentially provided with an upper freezing block (4-1), a sealing gasket (5) and a lower freezing block (4-2) from top to bottom, and the upper freezing block, the sealing gasket and the lower freezing block are connected through bolts;
a rectangular upper protection cavity (4-3) is processed in the center of the upper freezing block (4-1);
a lower protection cavity (4-4) corresponding to the upper protection cavity (4-3) is formed in the center of the lower freezing block (4-2), the lower protection cavity (4-4) is communicated up and down, and an annular groove body (4-5) is formed around the lower protection cavity (4-4); a refrigerant capsule body (6) is arranged in the annular groove body (4-5);
the middle of the cathode head (2) is provided with a cathode edge groove for forming the workpiece (1), and the cathode edge groove is connected with the lower bottom surface of the cathode block (3) through a threaded hole.
2. A frozen protective jacketing electrochemical machining cathode assembly in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
the refrigerant sac body (6) is of an internal hollow structure, a refrigerant liquid storage chamber is arranged in the middle of the refrigerant sac body, a refrigerant liquid inlet pipe (6-1) and a refrigerant liquid outlet pipe (6-2) are respectively arranged on two sides of the liquid storage chamber, and the refrigerant liquid inlet pipe (6-1) and the refrigerant liquid outlet pipe (6-2) sequentially extend to the outer side of the cathode block (3) through the lower freezing block (4-2) and the rectangular cathode block (3).
3. A frozen protective jacketing electrochemical machining cathode assembly in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
the overall dimension of the refrigerant capsule body (6) corresponds to the dimension of the annular groove body (4-5) of the freezing lump (4).
4. The method of electrolytically machining a cathode assembly using the frozen protective sheath of claim 1, wherein:
in the trepanning electrochemical machining method, the electrolyte flows laterally, namely flows in from one side of an electrolyte inlet (7) of a machining gap between a cathode head (2) and a workpiece (1) and flows out from an electrolyte outlet (8) on the other side;
the cathode device continuously feeds to the surface of the workpiece (1), and the processed part of the workpiece (1) is gradually extended into a lower protection cavity (4-4) and an upper protection cavity (4-3) of the frozen block (4) after being formed by a cathode edge groove in the middle of the cathode head (2); the refrigerant capsule body (6) continuously absorbs the heat of the stray electrolyte in the lower protection cavity (4-4) and the upper protection cavity (4-3), the temperature of the stray electrolyte in the lower protection cavity (4-4) and the upper protection cavity (4-3) is rapidly reduced below the freezing point to be frozen, and the frozen stray electrolyte further blocks the electrolyte in the machining gap from entering the lower protection cavity (4-4).
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| JPH10235520A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 1998-09-08 | Hitachi Seiko Ltd | Electrode for diesinking electric discharge machining and diesinking electric discharge machine |
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Patent Citations (5)
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| JPH10235520A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 1998-09-08 | Hitachi Seiko Ltd | Electrode for diesinking electric discharge machining and diesinking electric discharge machine |
| CN106695032A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-05-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electrolysis machining process method and tool fixture of equal-thickness arc-shaped end face impeller |
| CN107052483A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Insulation shielding jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system and processing method |
| CN107096970A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-08-29 | 南京航空航天大学 | Gas-insulated protects jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system and processing method |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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