CN109900742B - device and method for detecting debonding defect of carbon fiber composite material in linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode - Google Patents
device and method for detecting debonding defect of carbon fiber composite material in linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN109900742B CN109900742B CN201910268146.7A CN201910268146A CN109900742B CN 109900742 B CN109900742 B CN 109900742B CN 201910268146 A CN201910268146 A CN 201910268146A CN 109900742 B CN109900742 B CN 109900742B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting debonding defects of carbon fiber composites in a linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode. The method can improve the recognition effect of the debonding defect, distinguish the layering direction of the carbon fiber, reduce the interference of the surrounding environment noise and improve the edge detection effect of the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the field of infrared thermal wave nondestructive detection, relates to a carbon fiber composite material defect detection device and method, and particularly relates to a device and method for detecting carbon fiber composite material defects in a linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode.
background
the carbon fiber composite material is a novel composite material which is rapidly developed in recent years, and has a wide application prospect in aerospace, military industry and other industries due to a series of excellent characteristics of high strength, low density, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. Due to the anisotropic characteristic of the carbon fiber and the complicated and changeable layering direction of the carbon fiber composite material, the defects of layering, debonding and the like are easily generated in the using process, and if the defects cannot be found in time, accidents can be caused, even more serious economic loss can be caused, so that the nondestructive testing needs to be carried out on the carbon fiber composite material in time.
The infrared thermal wave nondestructive testing technology is a novel nondestructive testing technology which has wide application range and is developed rapidly since the development of nondestructive testing technology. The conventional nondestructive testing technology mainly comprises ultrasonic testing, penetration testing, eddy current testing, ray testing and magnetic powder testing, and the above testing methods have advantages respectively, but the application ranges are different. Ultrasonic testing is more suitable for some welding parts, penetration testing is more suitable for parts with compact structures, eddy current testing is more suitable for conductive materials, ray testing is more suitable for composite materials, magnetic powder testing is more suitable for magnetic conductive materials, and infrared thermal wave nondestructive testing is widely suitable for defect testing of various metals, non-metals and composite materials. The infrared thermal wave nondestructive detection technology needs to actively apply excitation to a tested piece, the temperature of a defect part is different from that of a defect-free part, infrared rays which cannot be identified by naked eyes are collected by an infrared collection device, and the defect of the tested piece is judged according to the collected infrared thermograph. Compared with the conventional nondestructive testing technology, the novel nondestructive testing technology has the advantages of good testing effect, large single testing area and no damage to the internal structure. The laser is used as a carrier for transmitting signals and has the advantages of high frequency, wide frequency band, small loss and high transmission speed, so that the laser is an effective excitation source applied to the field of infrared nondestructive detection, the laser excitation source is selected to excite the surface of a tested piece, the phenomenon of uneven heating of the surface of the tested piece when a flash lamp is used as the excitation source can be effectively compensated, and the condition that a halogen lamp is used as the excitation source and large power is lost due to heat conduction can be effectively avoided.
the frequency of the linear frequency modulation excitation changes linearly along with the change of time, and the linear frequency modulation excitation can improve the detection capability of different materials and the defect identification effect of different materials under the same use condition, but has the defect that the diameter and the edge structure of the debonding defect cannot be effectively identified; the nonlinear frequency modulation can resist interference, and has the advantages of high detection sensitivity and good detection effect, but the nonlinear frequency modulation excitation has complex frequency modulation process and is difficult to realize effectively; when the linear and nonlinear frequency modulation signal mixed excitation acts on the carbon fiber composite material, the debonding defect detection of the carbon fiber composite material can be effectively carried out, and meanwhile, the edge profile, the diameter and the depth of the defect can be better identified.
Compared with the linear frequency modulation single excitation, the linear and nonlinear frequency modulation mixed excitation is adopted to act on the carbon fiber composite material, so that the effect of the thermal infrared imager on identifying the depth and the size of the debonding defect can be effectively improved, the layering direction of the carbon fiber can be better distinguished, the interference of surrounding environment noise can be reduced, and the edge detection effect of the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material can be better improved.
disclosure of Invention
in order to effectively improve the recognition effect of the thermal infrared imager on the debonding defect, better distinguish the layering direction of the carbon fiber, reduce the interference of the surrounding environment noise and better improve the edge detection effect of the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material, the invention provides a device and a method for detecting the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material in a linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode. The invention controls the initial temperature below the room temperature, and starts to detect the influence effect of the tested piece under the mixed excitation at the temperature.
the purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a linear and non-linear frequency modulation mix excitation refrigeration formula and detect carbon-fibre composite debonding defect device, includes infrared image collection device, thermal excitation system, data signal receiving processing apparatus, condensing equipment, linear guide and subassembly thereof, wherein:
the infrared image acquisition device consists of a thermal infrared imager and a thermal imager lifting platform;
The thermal excitation system consists of a first laser transmitter, a second laser transmitter, a data acquisition card, a controller, a synchronous trigger, a first power amplifier, a second power amplifier, a first laser driver, a second laser driver, a first collimating mirror, a second collimating mirror, a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror, a first laser beam splitter and a second laser beam splitter;
the data signal receiving and processing device consists of a digital signal receiver and a computer;
the condensing device consists of a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, a capillary tube, a box body, a refrigerant, a temperature sensor and a condensation controller;
the linear guide rail and the components thereof consist of a linear guide rail, a stepping motor, a motor driver and a PLC (programmable logic controller);
a first laser beam splitter, a second laser beam splitter, a first laser emitter, a second laser emitter, a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror, a thermal imager lifting platform, a thermal infrared imager, an evaporator, a stepping motor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the box body;
the thermal infrared imager is fixed on the thermal imager lifting table, and a lens of the thermal infrared imager is right opposite to the central position of the tested piece;
the input end of the thermal infrared imager is connected with the output end of the digital signal receiver;
The input end of the digital signal receiver is connected with the output end of the computer;
the output end of the computer is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card;
the output end of the data acquisition card is connected with the input end of the controller;
The output end of the controller is connected with the input end of the synchronous trigger;
the first output end of the synchronous trigger is connected with the input end of the first power amplifier;
The second output end of the synchronous trigger is connected with the input end of the second power amplifier;
the output end of the first power amplifier is connected with the input end of the first laser driver; the output end of the second power amplifier is connected with the input end of the second laser driver;
The output end of the first laser driver is connected with the input end of the first collimating mirror;
The output end of the second laser driver is connected with the input end of the second collimating mirror;
The output end of the first collimating mirror is connected with the input end of the first laser transmitter;
the output end of the second collimating mirror is connected with the input end of the second laser transmitter;
the first laser transmitter emits laser with a linear frequency modulation excitation signal, the laser is divided into a plurality of laser beams through the first laser beam splitter, the laser beams are reflected through the first plane mirror, the light path is changed, and the laser beams finally act on the surface of the tested piece;
the second laser transmitter emits laser with a nonlinear frequency modulation excitation signal, the emitted laser is divided into a plurality of laser beams through the second laser beam splitter, the laser beams are reflected by the second plane mirror, the light path is changed, and the laser beams finally act on the surface of the tested piece;
The input end of the linear guide rail is connected with the output end of the stepping motor;
The input end of the stepping motor is connected with the output end of the motor driver;
The input end of the motor driver is connected with the output end of the PLC 11;
the input end of the PLC is connected with the output end of the computer;
a refrigerant is arranged in the evaporator;
the compressor is connected with one end of the condenser;
the other end of the condenser is connected with one end of the capillary tube;
The other end of the capillary tube is connected with one end of the evaporator;
the other end of the evaporator is connected with the compressor through a return pipe;
a temperature sensor is arranged on the return pipe;
the condenser is connected with the output end of the condensation controller;
and the input end of the condensation controller is connected with the output end of the computer.
A method for realizing the linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration type detection of the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material by using the device comprises the following steps:
s1: fixing the thermal infrared imager on a thermal infrared imager lifting platform, adjusting the front-back distance between the thermal infrared imager and a tested piece, and adjusting the vertical height of the thermal infrared imager lifting platform to enable the lens of the thermal infrared imager and the defect center position of the tested piece to be at the same horizontal height;
s2: fixing a tested piece on the center of a test piece platform of the linear guide rail, controlling a stepping motor to move the test piece platform by using a PLC (programmable logic controller), and moving the tested piece to a position right opposite to a thermal infrared imager lens;
s3: adjusting the focal length of the thermal infrared imager, and displaying a clear infrared image on a computer screen;
S4: adjusting the reflection angle of the plane mirror, and finally acting the laser excitation on the surface defect of the tested piece through the reflection of the plane mirror;
S5: sequentially placing and connecting experimental devices required by the experiment, switching on a power supply of the experimental devices and ensuring that the experimental devices are in a normal working state;
s6: and (3) controlling a condensing device by using a computer to cool the temperature in the box body to be lower than the room temperature:
s7: monitoring the temperature inside the box body in real time through a temperature sensor, and inputting a linear frequency modulation excitation signal and a non-linear frequency modulation excitation signal into a computer;
S8: triggering an infrared thermal imager by the computer to acquire an infrared image sequence 2 seconds before heating;
S9: under the triggering of a computer, the laser transmitter outputs linear nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation;
S10: the synchronous trigger ensures that the linear frequency modulation excitation signal and the non-linear frequency modulation excitation signal are simultaneously triggered and simultaneously emits linear frequency modulation and non-linear frequency modulation mixed laser excitation;
s11: the thermal infrared imager collects an image sequence after linear frequency modulation and nonlinear frequency modulation mixed laser excitation acts on the surface of a tested piece;
S12: outputting image data acquired by the thermal infrared imager into a computer, and performing data processing on an acquired image sequence in the computer;
s13: and judging the surface defects of the tested piece according to the data processing result, and identifying the debonding defect diameter, the defect depth and the defect edge of the tested piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the laser excitation source is used as a carrier wave for transmitting linear and nonlinear frequency modulation signals, and compared with a halogen lamp excitation source, the laser excitation source has the advantages of high frequency, wide frequency band, small loss, high transmission speed and the like, so that the depth and the diameter of the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material can be effectively identified and detected.
2. The synchronous trigger ensures that the linear frequency modulation excitation signal and the non-linear frequency modulation excitation signal can be simultaneously triggered and simultaneously act on the laser transmitter to emit laser excitation; two power amplifiers are selected to simultaneously amplify the power of the linear frequency modulation excitation and the nonlinear frequency modulation excitation, so that the power required by the experiment is achieved and output, and sufficient output power is provided for the laser transmitter.
3. considering that the initial temperature of a common experiment is room temperature, in order to find the influence of the tested piece receiving excitation from lower temperature on the experimental result, a condenser and components thereof are used as a condensing device of the tested piece, cooling is applied to the interior of a box body through the condensing device, and the temperature in the box body is reduced to the initial temperature lower than the room temperature, so that the temperature change process of the tested piece from low temperature to room temperature to high temperature can be better detected, and therefore, the temperature in the box body needs to be reduced to be lower than the room temperature, and a low-temperature environment is provided for the experiment.
4. because the internal elements of the box body are fixed in position, the temperature in the box body is very low, the positions of the tested piece and the thermal infrared imager are difficult to adjust, and if the tested piece is not positioned at the center of the thermal infrared imager lens, an accurate infrared image sequence cannot be acquired, so that the PLC is required to control the linear guide rail to move the position of the tested piece, adjust the position, and enable the thermal infrared imager lens to be positioned at the center of the tested piece all the time, and the surface temperature field change of the tested piece can be effectively acquired.
5. by using the method for detecting the defect of the carbon fiber composite material in a linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode, the carbon fiber composite material can be quickly and accurately detected, the recognition effect of the defect of the carbon fiber composite material can be effectively improved, the layering direction of the carbon fiber composite material is distinguished, and the edge detection effect of the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material is improved.
6. according to the test phenomenon from low temperature to room temperature and then to high temperature, the change rule of the temperature curve of the tested piece from low temperature to room temperature and then to high temperature is detected.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for detecting debonding defects of carbon fiber composites in a linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration manner according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a condensing unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a thermal imager lifting platform of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the case of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of mixed FM and chirp temperature curves of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a temperature difference comparison graph of the hybrid frequency modulation and the linear frequency modulation of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a hybrid frequency modulation defect of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a temperature difference comparison graph of different defect diameters of the mixed frequency modulation of the present invention;
in the figure, 1: compressor, 2: first pipe, 3: condenser, 3-1: second pipe, 3-2: capillary, 3-3: third pipeline, 4: first signal line, 5: second signal line, 6: condensation controller, 7: motor driver, 8: first laser beam splitter, 9: first laser emitter, 10: third signal line, 11: PLC controller, 12: fourth signal line, 13: fifth signal line, 14: digital signal receiver, 15: sixth signal line, 16: computer, 17: seventh signal line, 18: eighth signal line, 19: data acquisition card, 20: ninth signal line, 21: controller, 22: tenth signal line, 23: synchronization flip-flop, 24: eleventh signal line, 25: twelfth signal line, 26: first power amplifier, 27: second power amplifier, 28: thirteenth signal line, 29: fourteenth signal line, 30: first laser driver, 31: second laser driver, 32: fifteenth signal line, 33: sixteenth signal line, 34: first collimating mirror, 35: second collimator lens, 36: first optical fiber, 37: second optical fiber, 38: second laser emitter, 39: thermal imager elevating platform, 39-1: moving guide, 39-2: base, 39-3: top seat, 39-4: first support pin, 39-5: second support pin, 39-6: spring, 39-7: nut, 40: thermal infrared imager, 41: second laser beam splitter, 42: first plane mirror, 43: second flat mirror, 44: test stand, 45: box, 45-1: heat insulating material, 45-2: thermal insulation material, 45-3: reflective film, 46: a clamp, 47: test piece, 48: test piece platform, 49: linear guide, 50: evaporator, 51: return pipe, 52: stepping motor, 53: a temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
the first embodiment is as follows: this embodiment provides a linear and non-linear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration formula detects carbon-fibre composite debonding defect device, as shown in fig. 1, the device includes infrared image collection device, thermal excitation system, data signal receiving processing apparatus, condensing equipment, linear guide and subassembly thereof, wherein:
the infrared image acquisition device consists of a thermal infrared imager 40 and a thermal imager lifting platform 39. The infrared thermal imager 40 and its components are selected as the infrared image collecting device in the infrared image collecting device, and continuous infrared image sequences can be collected. And fixing the thermal infrared imager 40 on the thermal imager lifting platform 39, adjusting the height of the thermal imager lifting platform 39, and adjusting the lens of the thermal infrared imager 40 and the tested piece 47 to be at the same height.
the thermal excitation system consists of a first laser transmitter 9, a second laser transmitter 38, a data acquisition card 19, a controller 21, a synchronous trigger 23, a first power amplifier 26, a second power amplifier 27, a first laser driver 30, a second laser driver 31, a first collimating mirror 34, a second collimating mirror 35, a first plane mirror 42, a second plane mirror 43, a first laser beam splitter 8 and a second laser beam splitter 41; the data signal receiving and processing device is composed of a digital signal receiver 14 and a computer 16. The input end of the thermal infrared imager 40 is connected to the output end of the digital signal receiver 14 through the fourth signal line 12, the input end of the digital signal receiver 14 is connected to the output end of the computer 16 through the seventh signal line 17, and the computer 16 receives the digital signal of the change of the surface temperature field of the tested piece 47 collected by the thermal infrared imager 40. The output end of the computer 16 is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card 19 through a ninth signal line 20, the data acquisition card 19 is used for outputting linear nonlinear excitation signals required by the experiment, the output end of the data acquisition card 19 is connected with the input end of the controller 21 through the ninth signal line 20, and the controller 21 is used for controlling the signal waveform of linear nonlinear frequency modulation excitation. The output of the controller 21 is connected to the input of a synchronous trigger 23 via a tenth signal line 22, and the synchronous trigger 23 is used to ensure that the chirped excitation signals can be triggered simultaneously and act on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material. A first output of the synchronous flip-flop 23 is coupled via an eleventh signal line 24 to an input of a first power amplifier 26 for outputting a chirped excitation signal and a second output of the synchronous flip-flop 23 is coupled via a twelfth signal line 25 to an input of a second power amplifier 27 for outputting a non-chirped excitation signal. The output ends of the first power amplifier 26 and the second power amplifier 27 are connected to the input ends of a first laser driver 30 and a second laser driver 31 through a thirteenth signal line 28 and a fourteenth signal line 29, respectively, and the first laser driver 30 and the second laser driver 31 are used for driving the laser emitter to emit laser light. The output ends of the first laser driver 30 and the second laser driver 31 are connected to the input ends of the first collimating mirror 34 and the second collimating mirror 35 through a fifteenth signal line 32 and a sixteenth signal line 33, respectively, and the first collimating mirror 34 and the second collimating mirror 35 are used for maintaining the beam collimation between the laser resonator and the laser emitter. The output ends of the first and second collimating mirrors 34, 35 are connected to the input ends of the first and second laser emitters 9, 38 via first and second optical fibers 36, 37, respectively. The first laser transmitter 9 and the second laser transmitter 38 respectively emit laser with chirp excitation signals and laser with non-chirp excitation signals, the emitted laser excitation is divided into a plurality of laser beams by the first laser beam splitter 8 and the second laser beam splitter 41, the laser beams are reflected by the first plane mirror 42 and the second plane mirror 43, the light path is changed, and finally the laser beams act on the surface of the tested piece 47.
The condensing unit comprises a compressor 1, an evaporator 50, a condenser 3, a capillary tube 3-2, a box body 45, a refrigerant, a temperature sensor 53 and a condensation controller 6, wherein: a first laser beam splitter 8, a second laser beam splitter 41, a first laser emitter 9, a second laser emitter 38, a first plane mirror 42, a second plane mirror 43, a thermal imager lifting table 39, a thermal infrared imager 40, an evaporator 50, a stepping motor 52 and a temperature sensor 53 are arranged in the box body 45; a refrigerant is arranged in the evaporator 50; the compressor 1 is connected with one end of a condenser 3 through a first pipeline 2; the other end of the condenser 3 is connected with one end of a capillary tube 3-2 through a second pipeline 3-1; the other end of the capillary tube 3-2 is connected with one end of the evaporator 50 through a third pipeline 3-3; the other end of the evaporator 50 is connected to the compressor 1 through a return pipe 51; the return pipe 51 is provided with a temperature sensor 53; the condenser 3 is connected with the output end of the condensation controller 6; the input of the condensation controller 6 is connected to the output of the computer 16. The main devices are connected into a circulating whole by using pipelines in turn according to the circulating sequence shown in FIG. 2.
the linear guide rail and the components thereof are composed of a linear guide rail 49, a stepping motor 52, a motor driver 7 and a PLC 11. The tested piece 47 is fixed at the center of a test piece platform 48 on a linear guide rail 49 through a clamp 46, the input end of the linear guide rail 49 is connected with the output end of a stepping motor 52, the input end of the stepping motor 52 is connected with the output end of a motor driver 7 through a first signal wire 4, the input end of the motor driver 7 is connected with the output end of a PLC 11 through a third signal wire 10, the input end of the PLC 11 is connected with the output end of a computer 16 through a fifth signal wire 13, and a control program of the stepping motor 52 is input into an input system of the computer 16 to control the working state of the stepping motor 52. When the central position of the tested piece 47 is not in the center of the lens of the thermal infrared imager 40, the stepping motor 52 acts, and the linear guide rail 49 moves the tested piece 47 to the center of the lens of the thermal infrared imager 40 from other positions; when the center position of the tested piece 47 is at the lens center of the thermal infrared imager 40, the stepping motor 52 does not act.
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the thermal imager lifting platform 39 includes a moving guide rail 39-1, a base 39-2, a top seat 39-3, a first support pin 39-4, a second support pin 39-5, a spring 39-6, and a nut 39-7, wherein: the movable guide rail 39-1 is provided with a base 39-2, the base 39-2 is provided with a nut 39-7, the top seat 39-3 is provided with a first support nail 39-4 and a second support nail 39-5, and a spring 39-6 is connected between the base 39-2 and the top seat 39-3. The thermal infrared imager 40 is fixed on a top seat 39-3 of the thermal imager lifting table 39 through a first supporting pin 39-4 and a second supporting pin 39-5, the tightness of a spring 39-6 is changed through the rotation of a nut 39-7, the upper and lower heights of a base 39-2 and the top seat 39-3 are adjusted, the vertical height of the thermal imager lifting table 39 is changed, and the height of a lens of the thermal infrared imager 40 is kept the same as the height of the center position of a tested piece 47.
in this embodiment, in the thermal excitation system, the first laser transmitter 9 and the second laser transmitter 38 are selected as thermal excitation sources, mixed excitation of linear and nonlinear frequency modulation signals is selected as an excitation mode, the first laser transmitter 9 transmits linear frequency modulation excitation, the second laser transmitter 38 transmits nonlinear frequency modulation excitation, and meanwhile, mixed excitation is performed on a carbon fiber composite test piece; the laser emitted by the first laser emitter 9 and the second laser emitter 38 passes through the first laser beam splitter 8 and the second laser beam splitter 41, a laser beam is divided into a plurality of laser beams, the light path of the laser beam is changed through the reflection of the first plane mirror 42 and the second plane mirror 43, and finally the laser excitation acts on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material.
In this embodiment, the data acquisition card 19 is used to output the linear nonlinear excitation signal required by the experiment and perform real-time communication with the computer 16, and output the mixed frequency modulation excitation signal; the controller 20 is used for controlling the waveform of the linear frequency modulation signal and the nonlinear frequency modulation mixed excitation signal output by the data acquisition card 19; the synchronous trigger 23 is used for ensuring that the chirp excitation signal and the non-chirp excitation signal can be triggered simultaneously and act on the first laser transmitter 9 and the second laser transmitter 38 to emit laser excitation; selecting a first power amplifier 26 and a second power amplifier 27 to simultaneously amplify the power of the chirp excitation and the power of the non-chirp excitation, so as to reach the power required by the experiment and output the power, and providing sufficient output power for the first laser transmitter 9 and the second laser transmitter 38; the first laser driver 30 and the second laser driver 31 are used for simultaneously driving the first laser emitter 9 and the second laser emitter 38 to work, and the first collimating mirror 34 and the second collimating mirror 35 are selected to maintain the beam collimation between the laser resonator and the first laser driver 30 and the second laser driver 31.
in this embodiment, the computer is used to process the data collected by the thermal infrared imager 40; carrying out Fourier transform, filtering processing and edge recognition algorithms such as Canny and Log on the collected infrared image; by using image processing algorithms such as a watershed algorithm, principal component analysis and the like, noise interference of the image is removed, and the contrast and the signal to noise ratio of the image are improved; setting sampling frequency, sampling time and output power, controlling the thermal infrared imager 40, and triggering the thermal infrared imager 40 to acquire an infrared image; setting a linear frequency modulation excitation frequency variation range and a non-linear frequency modulation excitation waveform; and simultaneously, the use power of the excitation source is set to control the thermal excitation source.
in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the box 45 is composed of a heat insulating material 45-1, a heat insulating material 45-2 and a reflective film 45-3, the outermost layer of the box 45 is the heat insulating material 45-1, the middle layer is the heat insulating material 45-2, and the innermost layer is the reflective film 45-3. Box 45 can play the thermal-insulated effect that keeps warm, can improve refrigeration effect, with inside temperature and outside isolated, prevents the infrared of outside other object launches to the interference and the influence of experimental result. The temperature sensor 53 is used to detect the temperature inside the case 45, and the temperature inside the case 45 can be maintained between 5 ° and 15 °, preferably 10 °, by the heat insulating material 45-1 and the heat insulating material 45-2.
in the present embodiment, the compressor 1 can compress the refrigerant when operating, and the refrigerant is liquefied in the compressor 1 to release heat; the refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator 50 and absorbs heat of air in the box body 45, so that the refrigerant is evaporated into low-pressure gas, and the refrigerant is gasified and absorbs a large amount of heat in the box body; the condenser 3 is used for liquefying high-pressure gas, releasing heat to the outside of the box body 45 and condensing the refrigerant into liquid refrigerant; the capillary tube 3-2 is capable of reducing the pressure of the refrigerant, re-entering the evaporator 50 to absorb tank heat. Through refrigeration cycle like this, condensing equipment just constantly shifts the inside heat of box 45 to the box 45 outside, and condensing equipment has realized the inside refrigeration of box 45, falls to below the room temperature with the inside temperature of box 45, provides low temperature environment for the experiment.
in this embodiment, the operating principle of the condensing device is as follows: when the temperature in the tank 45 is high, the refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator 50, absorbs the heat of the air in the tank 45, and is evaporated into low-pressure gas, and when entering the compressor 1 through the return pipe 51, the gas is compressed by the compressor 1 to become high-pressure gas, and then enters the condenser 3 through the first pipe 2, the high-pressure gas is liquefied in the condenser 3, releases heat to the air, and the refrigerant is condensed into liquid, and is throttled by the capillary tube 3-2, reduces the pressure, and enters the evaporator 50 again to absorb the heat of the tank 45.
in this embodiment, after the experiment is finished and the laser excitation energy is high, the local temperature of the tested object 47 is too high, which results in a long cooling time, so that the condenser 3 and its components are required to work to cool the tested object 47, the temperature needs to be cooled to below the room temperature, and a dynamic process of the tested object 47 from low temperature to room temperature to high temperature can be better detected.
In this embodiment, the computer 16 is used to input a work operation instruction to the stepping motor 52 to the PLC, and then the motion mode of the stepping motor 52 is indirectly controlled by the PLC, so as to control the position states of the tested piece 47 and the thermal infrared imager 40.
in this embodiment, the PLC controller needs to input a PLC control program to an input system of the computer 16 to control the operating state of the stepping motor.
in the present embodiment, the operation state and cooling time of the condensing device are indirectly controlled by the control of the condensing controller by the computer 16.
The second embodiment is as follows: the embodiment provides a method for detecting debonding defects of a carbon fiber composite material by linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation infrared thermal waves, which comprises the following steps:
The first step is as follows: the thermal infrared imager 40 is fixed on the thermal imager lifting platform 39 through the first supporting pins 39-4 and the second supporting pins 39-5, the tightness of the springs 39-6 is changed by rotating the nuts 39-7, so that the vertical height of the thermal imager lifting platform 39 is changed, and the height of the lens of the thermal infrared imager 40 is kept the same as the height of the center position of the tested piece 47.
the second step is that: the front and back positions of the movable guide rail 39-1 are moved, and the front and back positions of the thermal infrared imager 40 and the tested piece 47 are kept between 30cm and 50cm, preferably 40 cm.
the third step: and adjusting the left and right positions of the tested piece 47 by using the linear guide rail 49, and moving the tested piece 47 to the position right opposite to the lens of the thermal infrared imager 40.
the fourth step: the thermal infrared imager 40 is adjusted in focal length to display a clear infrared image on the screen of the computer 16.
the fifth step: the reflection angles of the first plane mirror 42 and the second plane mirror 43 are adjusted to be between 15 degrees and 45 degrees, preferably 30 degrees, so that the laser excitation can be ensured to be finally acted on the tested piece 47 through the reflection of the laser excitation.
and a sixth step: the experimental devices required by the experiment are placed and connected in sequence, and the power supply of the experimental devices is switched on and is ensured to be in a normal working state.
The seventh step: the computer 16 is used to control the condensing means to start cooling the temperature inside the tank 45.
Eighth step: the temperature inside the tank 45 is monitored by a temperature sensor 53, reducing the temperature below room temperature, maintaining the temperature inside the tank 45 between 5 ° and 15 °, preferably 10 °.
the ninth step: a chirp excitation signal and a non-chirp excitation signal are input into the computer 16.
The tenth step: the computer 16 triggers the thermal infrared imager 40 to acquire the first 2 seconds of the image sequence.
the eleventh step: the computer 16 controls the data acquisition card 19 and the controller 21 to output linear non-linear frequency modulation mixed excitation signals, and the synchronous trigger 23 simultaneously triggers linear frequency modulation excitation signals and non-linear frequency modulation excitation signals and simultaneously sends out linear frequency modulation and non-linear frequency modulation mixed laser excitation.
The twelfth step: the thermal infrared imager 40 collects an image sequence before the linear frequency modulation and nonlinear frequency modulation mixed laser excitation acts on the surface of the tested piece 47.
The thirteenth step: the image data collected by the thermal infrared imager 40 is output to the computer 16 in real time through the digital signal receiver, and the noise and data processing are performed on the image sequence of the tested piece 47 excited by linear frequency modulation and nonlinear frequency modulation in a mixed manner.
the fourteenth step is that: judging the change of the temperature field of the defect surface of the tested piece 47 according to the processing result; and identifying the debonding defect diameter, the defect depth and the defect edge of the tested piece 47.
as can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, when the ambient temperature is 10 ℃, the temperature of the defect and the temperature of the defect-free part do not change obviously when the chirp excitation acts on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material alone, and only under the mixed excitation action of the chirp excitation and the non-chirp excitation, the temperature of the defect and the temperature of the defect-free part change obviously, so that the mixed chirp excitation can improve the detection effect of the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material. FIG. 7 is a transverse cross-sectional diagram of a defect, wherein the high-temperature parts at two sides are subjected to linear frequency modulation thermal excitation, the middle depression is subjected to debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material, and the temperature sudden change parts at two sides are subjected to defect edges, so that the defect edge recognition effect can be improved. When the mixed frequency modulation excitation acts on different defect diameters in the graph of fig. 8, the temperature difference curve changes obviously, so that the mixed excitation mode can detect smaller defects.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a linear and non-linear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration formula detects carbon-fibre composite debonding defect device which characterized in that the device includes infrared image collection device, thermal excitation system, data signal receiving processing apparatus, condensing equipment, linear guide and subassembly, wherein:
The infrared image acquisition device consists of a thermal infrared imager and a thermal imager lifting platform;
The thermal excitation system consists of a first laser transmitter, a second laser transmitter, a data acquisition card, a controller, a synchronous trigger, a first power amplifier, a second power amplifier, a first laser driver, a second laser driver, a first collimating mirror, a second collimating mirror, a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror, a first laser beam splitter and a second laser beam splitter;
The data signal receiving and processing device consists of a digital signal receiver and a computer;
The condensing device consists of a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, a capillary tube, a box body, a refrigerant, a temperature sensor and a condensation controller;
the linear guide rail and the components thereof consist of a linear guide rail, a stepping motor, a motor driver and a PLC (programmable logic controller);
A first laser beam splitter, a second laser beam splitter, a first laser emitter, a second laser emitter, a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror, a thermal imager lifting platform, a thermal infrared imager, an evaporator, a stepping motor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the box body;
the thermal infrared imager is fixed on the thermal imager lifting table, and a lens of the thermal infrared imager is right opposite to the central position of the tested piece;
the input end of the thermal infrared imager is connected with the output end of the digital signal receiver;
the input end of the digital signal receiver is connected with the output end of the computer;
the output end of the computer is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card;
The output end of the data acquisition card is connected with the input end of the controller;
the output end of the controller is connected with the input end of the synchronous trigger;
the first output end of the synchronous trigger is connected with the input end of the first power amplifier;
the second output end of the synchronous trigger is connected with the input end of the second power amplifier;
the output end of the first power amplifier is connected with the input end of the first laser driver; the output end of the second power amplifier is connected with the input end of the second laser driver;
The output end of the first laser driver is connected with the input end of the first collimating mirror;
the output end of the second laser driver is connected with the input end of the second collimating mirror;
The output end of the first collimating mirror is connected with the input end of the first laser transmitter;
The output end of the second collimating mirror is connected with the input end of the second laser transmitter;
the first laser transmitter emits laser with a linear frequency modulation excitation signal, the laser is divided into a plurality of laser beams through the first laser beam splitter, the laser beams are reflected through the first plane mirror, the light path is changed, and the laser beams finally act on the surface of the tested piece;
the second laser transmitter emits laser with a nonlinear frequency modulation excitation signal, the emitted laser is divided into a plurality of laser beams through the second laser beam splitter, the laser beams are reflected by the second plane mirror, the light path is changed, and the laser beams finally act on the surface of the tested piece;
the input end of the linear guide rail is connected with the output end of the stepping motor;
The input end of the stepping motor is connected with the output end of the motor driver;
The input end of the motor driver is connected with the output end of the PLC 11;
the input end of the PLC is connected with the output end of the computer;
A refrigerant is arranged in the evaporator;
The compressor is connected with one end of the condenser;
The other end of the condenser is connected with one end of the capillary tube;
The other end of the capillary tube is connected with one end of the evaporator;
the other end of the evaporator is connected with the compressor through a return pipe;
A temperature sensor is arranged on the return pipe;
the condenser is connected with the output end of the condensation controller;
And the input end of the condensation controller is connected with the output end of the computer.
2. the device for detecting the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material in a linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode according to claim 1, wherein the thermal imager lifting platform comprises a moving guide rail, a base, a top seat, a first supporting nail, a second supporting nail, a spring and a nut, wherein: the movable guide rail is provided with a base, the base is provided with a nut, the top seat is provided with a first supporting nail and a second supporting nail, and a spring is connected between the base and the top seat.
3. the device for detecting the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material in the linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode according to claim 1, wherein the box body is composed of a heat insulating material, a heat insulating material and a reflective film, the outermost layer of the box body is the heat insulating material, the middle layer is the heat insulating material, and the innermost layer is the reflective film.
4. The apparatus for detecting debonding defect of carbon fiber composite material by cooling with mixed linear and nonlinear frequency modulation excitation according to claim 1, wherein the reflection angle of the first plane mirror and the second plane mirror is between 15 ° and 45 °.
5. the apparatus for detecting debonding defects of carbon fiber composite materials by cooling with mixed linear and nonlinear frequency modulation excitation according to claim 4, wherein the reflection angle of the first plane mirror and the second plane mirror is 30 °.
6. the device for detecting the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material in the linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the box body is between 5 ° and 15 °.
7. the apparatus for detecting debonding defects of carbon fiber composite materials by cooling with linear and nonlinear frequency modulation excitation according to claim 6, wherein the temperature inside the box body is 10 °.
8. a method for realizing the linear and nonlinear frequency modulation mixed excitation refrigeration type detection of the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material by using the linear and nonlinear frequency modulation mixed excitation refrigeration type detection device for the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1: fixing the thermal infrared imager on a thermal infrared imager lifting platform, adjusting the front-back distance between the thermal infrared imager and a tested piece, and adjusting the vertical height of the thermal infrared imager lifting platform to enable the lens of the thermal infrared imager and the defect center position of the tested piece to be at the same horizontal height;
s2: fixing a tested piece on the center of a test piece platform of the linear guide rail, controlling a stepping motor to move the test piece platform by using a PLC (programmable logic controller), and moving the tested piece to a position right opposite to a thermal infrared imager lens;
s3: adjusting the focal length of the thermal infrared imager, and displaying a clear infrared image on a computer screen;
s4: adjusting the reflection angle of the plane mirror, and finally acting the laser excitation on the surface defect of the tested piece through the reflection of the plane mirror;
S5: sequentially placing and connecting experimental devices required by the experiment, switching on a power supply of the experimental devices and ensuring that the experimental devices are in a normal working state;
S6: and (3) controlling a condensing device by using a computer to cool the temperature in the box body to be lower than the room temperature:
S7: monitoring the temperature inside the box body in real time through a temperature sensor, and inputting a linear frequency modulation excitation signal and a non-linear frequency modulation excitation signal into a computer;
s8: triggering an infrared thermal imager by the computer to acquire an infrared image sequence 2 seconds before heating;
S9: under the triggering of a computer, the laser transmitter outputs linear nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation;
s10: the synchronous trigger ensures that the linear frequency modulation excitation signal and the non-linear frequency modulation excitation signal are simultaneously triggered and simultaneously emits linear frequency modulation and non-linear frequency modulation mixed laser excitation;
S11: the thermal infrared imager collects an image sequence after linear frequency modulation and nonlinear frequency modulation mixed laser excitation acts on the surface of a tested piece;
s12: outputting image data acquired by the thermal infrared imager into a computer, and performing data processing on an acquired image sequence in the computer;
s13: and judging the surface defects of the tested piece according to the data processing result, and identifying the debonding defect diameter, the defect depth and the defect edge of the tested piece.
9. the method for detecting the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material in a linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode according to claim 8, wherein the positions of the thermal infrared imager and the tested piece are between 30cm and 50 cm.
10. the method for detecting the debonding defect of the carbon fiber composite material in a linear and nonlinear frequency modulation hybrid excitation refrigeration mode according to claim 8, wherein the front and back positions of the thermal infrared imager and the tested piece are 40 cm.
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