CN109060825B - Nondestructive testing method based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging and implementation device thereof - Google Patents
Nondestructive testing method based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging and implementation device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109060825B CN109060825B CN201810920815.XA CN201810920815A CN109060825B CN 109060825 B CN109060825 B CN 109060825B CN 201810920815 A CN201810920815 A CN 201810920815A CN 109060825 B CN109060825 B CN 109060825B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a nondestructive testing method based on pulse airflow excitation infrared imaging and an implementation device thereof.A computer controls compressed air to generate pulse airflow of determined cold and hot excitation types and pulse widths through a pulse airflow generation module, pulse excitation is carried out on the surface of a test piece according to determined excitation time, an infrared image generated by exciting the surface of the test piece by pulse airflow is collected in real time by a thermal imager, the collected infrared image is transmitted to the computer, the collected infrared video sequence image is analyzed and processed, and a test result of the surface of the test piece is output and displayed. The invention heats or refrigerates the sample to be measured by the pulse airflow, has high heating/refrigerating efficiency, can overcome the influence caused by the environmental temperature by dynamically adjusting the width of the excitation airflow pulse and adopting multi-pulse layer-by-layer superposition, and can be suitable for the test piece detection of different surface morphologies of materials with different heat conductivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared thermographic nondestructive testing, in particular to an airflow excitation and infrared imaging nondestructive testing method and an implementation device thereof.
Technical Field
The infrared thermal imaging detection technology is a novel nondestructive detection technology, and the basic principle is that an excitation source is used for heating or refrigerating the surface of a test piece, the generated heat or cold flow is transmitted to the interior of the test piece, and when the heat or cold flow meets defects or changes in thermal impedance or deformation in the test piece, a part of heat energy is reflected back to the surface of the test piece. The thermal infrared imager is used for continuously acquiring thermal radiation images from the surface of the tested object, and the internal structure and the defects of the tested object can be known by analyzing the characteristics of the images along with the change of time. Infrared thermal imaging detection has been widely used for surface and near-surface defect detection of materials such as concrete, composite materials, metals, etc. due to its characteristics of non-contact, large detection area, high detection efficiency, etc.
Infrared thermal imaging detection techniques can be divided into two types, passive and active, depending on whether an external excitation heat source is used. The passive type is used for detecting whether the test piece has defects or not based on heat exchange caused by the temperature difference between the test piece and the environment, and is mainly used for equipment state and quality control. The active mode is to heat the test piece by using an external heat source, detect whether the test piece has defects or not based on the change of surface temperature distribution caused by the defects inside the test piece, have good stability, and are widely applied to the field of fatigue defect detection of metal materials and defect detection of composite materials. The currently common active thermal excitation sources mainly include electromagnetic excitation, optical excitation, microwave excitation, ultrasonic excitation, laser excitation and hot air excitation. However, the application range and detection performance of active infrared thermal image detection systems adopting different thermal excitation modes are different and have certain limitations.
The Eddy current pulsed thermal imaging (ECPT) is an infrared thermal imaging nondestructive detection method based on Eddy current and joule heat phenomena, which uses an infrared thermal imager to obtain the temperature field distribution and conduction of a conductive test piece under the excitation of the Eddy current pulses due to the joule heat phenomena, and detects defects through the analysis and processing of multiple thermographs. However, the existing research results show that the ECPT detection result is easily affected by dust, oil stain, water drop on the surface of the detected sample and the change of emissivity caused by the morphology.
To overcome this problem, the use of heat or cold air excitation is a good choice. The hot air can be used for removing dust, oil stain and water drops on the surface of the sample to be detected, and the influence of the hot air on the infrared thermal image nondestructive testing result of the sample to be detected is reduced. At the same time, the compressibility of air allows hot air excitation to be used to heat samples of different surface topography. However, the existing hot air excitation generally adopts a high-power resistance wire to heat air, and a blower is used for generating hot air flow to heat a sample to be measured, so that the heating efficiency is low, the temperature uniformity is poor, and the hot air excitation method is only suitable for materials with low thermal conductivity and is not suitable for materials with high thermal conductivity such as metal. In order to apply the hot air-excited infrared thermographic nondestructive testing technology to the field of online detection of surface defects and damages of railway rails and automobile parts, the problems in the prior art need to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation and the defects of the thermal image nondestructive detection technology, the invention provides a detection method based on pulse airflow excitation infrared imaging; the second purpose of the invention is to provide a detection device based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging, so as to improve the application range and detection efficiency of hot air excitation nondestructive detection.
Aiming at the first object of the invention, the invention provides a nondestructive testing method based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging, which mainly comprises the following steps:
1) determining the air flow cold and hot excitation type, pulse width and excitation time according to the self temperature and heat conductivity of the piece to be tested, and ensuring that the infrared image of the surface of the piece to be tested can display the defects of the test piece under the excitation of the pulse air flow;
2) connecting a computer with the pulse airflow control module and the thermal infrared imager respectively by using a data cable, and adjusting the positions of the pulse airflow nozzle and the thermal infrared imager so that the pulse airflow nozzle and the thermal infrared imager probe point to a test piece to be tested;
3) starting the pulse airflow generation module, the pulse airflow control module and the thermal infrared imager under the control of a computer, enabling compressed air to be generated into pulse airflow of the cold and hot excitation type and the pulse width determined in the step 1) through the pulse airflow generation module, carrying out pulse excitation on the surface of the test piece according to the excitation time determined in the step 1), acquiring an infrared image generated by exciting the surface of the test piece by the pulse airflow in real time through the thermal infrared imager, transmitting the acquired infrared image to the computer, analyzing and processing the acquired infrared video sequence image, and outputting and displaying a test result of the surface of the test piece.
In order to obtain better technical effects, the invention can further adopt the following technical measures, and the following technical measures can be taken independently, can be taken together in a combined way, and can even be taken together.
In the technical scheme of the nondestructive testing method, the pulse airflow for exciting the surface of the test piece is preferably homogenized and tempered pulse airflow so as to ensure the uniformity of the excitation of the pulse airflow on the surface of the test piece.
In the technical scheme of the nondestructive testing method, when the temperature of a test piece to be tested is not higher than the ambient temperature, the surface of the test piece is preferentially excited by adopting the heat pulse airflow, and the temperature of the pulse airflow is preferably controlled to be not lower than 50 ℃ higher than the temperature of the test piece; when the temperature of the test piece to be detected is higher than the ambient temperature, the cold pulse airflow is preferentially adopted to excite the surface of the test piece, and the temperature of the pulse airflow is preferably controlled to be lower than the temperature of the test piece by not less than 40 ℃.
In the technical scheme of the nondestructive testing method, when the to-be-tested piece is a material with high thermal conductivity, such as a metal material, the pulse width of the excitation pulse airflow is preferentially controlled to be not more than 200 milliseconds; when the to-be-tested piece is made of a material with low thermal conductivity, such as a non-metallic material such as a composite material, the pulse width of the excitation pulse airflow is preferentially controlled to be not less than 10 seconds.
In the technical scheme of the nondestructive testing method, the influence of the environmental temperature on the testing result can be overcome by dynamically adjusting the width of the exciting airflow pulse and by adopting multi-pulse layer-by-layer superposition.
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a nondestructive testing apparatus using pulsed-airflow excitation infrared imaging, comprising: the system comprises a cold/hot pulse airflow generation module, a pulse airflow control module, a thermal infrared imager, a computer, a pulse airflow spray pipe and a detection operation platform; the cold/hot pulse airflow generation module also comprises a vortex multiplier tube which is sequentially connected by a connecting tube and generates a compressed air into cold and hot airflows, two electromagnetic switching valves for controlling the switching of the cold and hot airflows, a high-frequency electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the cold/hot airflow by pulse, and the two electromagnetic switching valves are arranged in an interlocking way; the pulse airflow control module consists of a microprocessor, an oscillation circuit for generating pulse signals, an I/O interface circuit for controlling the electromagnetic valve and a relay, wherein the relay is respectively and electrically connected with the two electromagnetic switching valves and the high-frequency electromagnetic valve; the computer is connected with the thermal infrared imager and the pulse airflow control module through data lines; the detection operation table consists of a pedestal for placing a piece to be tested and a frame rod fixedly arranged on the pedestal and used for installing the pulse airflow spray pipe and the thermal infrared imager; the pulse airflow spray pipe is connected with the high-frequency electromagnetic valve.
In the technical scheme of the detection device, an airflow homogenizing module can be further arranged, and the airflow homogenizing module can be designed to be composed of a guide plate arranged in the pulse airflow spray pipe and a spray nozzle with a gradually-contracted cross section arranged at the front end of the pulse airflow spray pipe.
In the technical scheme of the detection device, the two-position three-way electromagnetic switching valve is preferably selected as the electromagnetic switching valve, and a silencer is arranged on a passage of the electromagnetic switching valve so as to reduce noise in the operation process of the device.
In the technical scheme of the detection device, the adjusting valve for adjusting the flow of the cold and hot air flow is preferably arranged on the pipeline connected with the cold and hot ends of the vortex multiplier tube, so that the temperature of the air flow is adjusted by adjusting the flow of the air flow.
In the technical scheme of the detection device, a compressor for providing compressed air for the cold/hot pulse airflow generation module can be arranged, so that the detection device can be used in an environment without a compressed air source; when the detection device is provided with a compressor, an air pressure sensor and a control valve are preferably arranged on a connecting pipeline of the compressor and the cold/hot pulse airflow generation module.
In the technical scheme of the detection device, the vortex multiplier tube is used for generating cold air flow and hot air flow simultaneously by using one compressed air flow, the air inlet is arranged at the middle section of the vortex multiplier tube, and the cold air flow and the hot air flow are discharged from two ends of the vortex multiplier tube.
The nondestructive testing based on pulse airflow excitation infrared imaging provided by the invention has the advantages that the pressure of compressed air is generally controlled within the range of 0.3-0.7Mpa, so that the temperature of cold airflow is reduced by at least 40 ℃ and the temperature of hot airflow is increased by at least 50 ℃ after the compressed air flows through the vortex multiplier tube.
The invention provides a nondestructive testing method based on pulse airflow excitation infrared imaging, which takes cold or hot pulse airflow as excitation airflow, determines the cold and hot excitation types, the pulse width and the excitation time of the airflow according to the self temperature and the heat conductivity of a piece to be tested, starts an arterial pulse airflow control module and an infrared thermal imager under the control of a computer, leads compressed air to generate pulse airflow with the determined cold and hot excitation types and the pulse width through a pulse airflow generating module, carries out pulse excitation on the surface of the piece according to the determined excitation time by utilizing the homogenized and tempered cold or hot pulse airflow, collects an infrared image generated by exciting the surface of the piece by the pulse airflow in real time through the thermal imager, transmits the collected infrared image to the computer, analyzes and processes the collected infrared video sequence image, and outputs and displays the detection result of the surface of the piece. The influence of the ambient temperature on the detection result can be overcome by dynamically adjusting the pulse width of the pulse airflow and by adopting multi-pulse layer-by-layer superposition. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the hot air is used as an exciting medium for nondestructive testing, the heating efficiency is high, the temperature is uniform and good, the method is not only suitable for testing materials with low heat conductivity, but also suitable for testing high heat conductivity materials such as metal and the like, and an effective method is provided for online testing of surface defect and damage of railway steel rails and automobile parts. In addition, due to the compressibility of air, the pulse airflow excitation can be suitable for detecting the damage of the superficial layer surface defects of test pieces with different surface appearances, and the high-pressure airflow can quickly remove dust, oil stains and water drops on the surface of a sample to be detected in the measuring process, so that the influence of the impurities on the surface emissivity of the sample to be detected can be effectively reduced. The method solves the problems of the ECPT detection method.
The pulse airflow excitation-based infrared imaging nondestructive testing device provided by the invention adopts the vortex multiplier tube to change one compressed air into two cold and hot airflows moving at high speed, the vortex multiplier tube can reduce the temperature of the incoming compressed air by 46 ℃ or improve the temperature by 93 ℃, and the temperature of the cold airflow and the hot airflow can be controlled by adjusting the flow of the airflow in the cold and hot pipelines connected with the two ends of the vortex multiplier tube; compared with the prior art of hot air excitation detection, the device provided by the invention has the advantages that the air is heated by the high-power resistance wire, the hot air is generated by the air blower, the air flow heating and refrigerating efficiency is high, and the operation cost is low. The invention utilizes the pulse signal generated by the computer to control the on-off of the high-frequency electromagnetic valve (the frequency is up to 1200Hz) to generate the pulse airflow, and the pulse width and the pulse form of the excited airflow can be adjusted in a large range, so that the airflow excitation can be used for detecting metal materials with high heat conductivity and composite materials with low heat conductivity; the pulse airflow homogenizing module consists of a guide plate arranged in the pulse airflow spray pipe and a spray nozzle with a gradually contracted cross section arranged at the front end of the pulse airflow spray pipe, so that the flow state of the rotating airflow output by the vortex multiplier pipe is effectively modified, and the uniformity of the pulse airflow for heating or refrigerating a sample is improved.
The nondestructive testing method based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging is used for detecting the defect damage of the surface layer of the test piece, and can also be applied to the field of holographic or deformation measurement of stress and strain by using an interferometry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulsed air flow excited infrared imaging detection device;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a pulsed airflow control module;
FIG. 3 is a pneumatic schematic of a cold/hot gas flow generating module;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional structural view of the member 9 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an infrared thermography of a non-destructive testing of a metal specimen with natural cracks using the method of the present invention.
In the above drawings, the objects identified by the respective drawing reference numerals are: 1-a computer; 2-LCD display screen; 3-a pulsed airflow control module; 4-an air compressor; 5-infrared thermal imaging system; 6-a pedestal; 7-a test piece to be tested; 8-a hack lever; 9-a pulse airflow nozzle; 10-a cold/hot pulse gas flow generating module; 11-pressure gauge; 12-temperature meter; 13-a control valve; 14-vortex multiplier tube; 15-a flow control valve; 16-a temperature sensor; 17-an electromagnetic switching valve; 18-a muffler; 19-high frequency solenoid valve; 20-a barometric pressure sensor; 21-a spray pipe; 22-a baffle; 23-nozzle.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
The nondestructive testing device based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging is structurally shown in attached figures 1-4 and comprises a cold/hot pulsed airflow generation module 10, a pulsed airflow homogenization module, a pulsed airflow control module 3, a thermal infrared imager 5, a computer 1, a pulsed airflow nozzle 9, a silencer 18, a testing operation table and an air compressor 4; the cold/hot pulse airflow generation module comprises a vortex multiplier 14, two-position three-way electromagnetic switching valves 17, a high-frequency electromagnetic valve 19, two pipelines and two control valves 15, wherein the vortex multiplier 14 is sequentially connected through a connecting pipe and used for generating cold and hot airflow from one compressed air, the two-position three-way electromagnetic switching valves 17 are used for controlling the switching of the cold and hot airflow, the high-frequency electromagnetic valve 19 is used for controlling the on-off of the cold/hot airflow in a pulse mode, the two pipelines connected with the cold end and the hot end of the vortex multiplier are respectively provided with an adjusting valve 15; the structure of the pulse airflow control module 3 is shown in figure 2, and comprises a microprocessor, an oscillation circuit for generating pulse signals, an I/O interface circuit for controlling the electromagnetic valve and a solid-state relay, wherein the solid-state relay is respectively and electrically connected with two-position three-way electromagnetic switching valves and a high-frequency electromagnetic valve; the computer is connected with the thermal infrared imager and the pulse airflow control module through data lines; the silencer is arranged on one channel of the two-position three-way electromagnetic switching valves; the air compressor is connected with the vortex multiplier tube through a connecting tube to provide compressed air for the vortex multiplier tube, and a control valve 13 and an air pressure sensor are arranged on a connecting pipeline; the detection operation table consists of a pedestal 6 for placing a piece to be tested 7 and a frame rod 8 fixedly arranged on the pedestal and used for installing a pulse airflow spray pipe 9 and a thermal infrared imager 5; the pulse airflow spray pipe 9 is connected with the high-frequency electromagnetic valve 19; the airflow homogenizing module consists of a guide plate 22 arranged in the pulse airflow spray pipe and a nozzle 23 which is arranged at the front end of the pulse airflow spray pipe and has a gradually contracted cross section in one direction.
The detection device is adopted to detect the metal test piece at normal temperature, the hot air flow is adopted to excite the test piece, the pulse width of the exciting air flow is determined to be 100 milliseconds, and the exciting time is determined to be 10 seconds. The pulse airflow control module generates a pulse signal according to pulse parameters set in a computer software interface by a detector. The cold/hot pulse airflow generation module, the pulse airflow control module, the air compressor and the thermal infrared imager are respectively started under the control of a computer. The two-position three-way electromagnetic switching valve on the hot air path is opened, and the two-position three-way electromagnetic switching valve on the cold air path is closed. Compressed air with the pressure of 0.5Mpad provided by the compressor enters from the middle section of the vortex multiplier tube to generate cold air flow and hot air flow moving at high speed, and the temperature of hot air flow is increased by 60 ℃ to serve as excitation air flow. The hot air flow passing through the two-position three-way electromagnetic switching valve is converted into pulse hot air flow with the pulse width of 100 milliseconds after passing through the high-frequency electromagnetic valve. After the pulse hot air flows through the air flow homogenizing module for tempering, pulse excitation is carried out on the test piece according to the determined excitation time, the thermal imager collects infrared images generated by exciting the surface of the test piece by the pulse air flow in real time, the collected infrared images are transmitted to the computer, the collected infrared video sequence images are analyzed and processed, and the detection result of the shallow surface layer of the test piece is output and displayed.
Claims (10)
1. A nondestructive testing method based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging is characterized in that:
1) determining the air flow cold and hot excitation type, pulse width and excitation time according to the self temperature and heat conductivity of the piece to be tested, and ensuring that the infrared image of the surface of the piece to be tested can display the defects of the test piece under the excitation of the pulse air flow;
2) connecting a computer with the pulse airflow control module and the thermal infrared imager respectively by using a data cable, and adjusting the positions of the pulse airflow spray pipe and the thermal infrared imager so that the pulse airflow spray pipe and the thermal infrared imager probe point to a test piece to be tested;
3) the method comprises the steps of starting a pulse airflow generation module, a pulse airflow control module and a thermal infrared imager under the control of a computer, wherein the pulse airflow generation module converts one compressed air into two airflows moving at high speed by using a vortex multiplier tube to generate the pulse airflow with the cold-heat excitation type and the pulse width determined in the step 1), pulse excitation is carried out on the surface of a test piece according to the excitation time determined in the step 1), an infrared image generated by exciting the surface of the test piece by the pulse airflow is collected in real time by the thermal imager, the collected infrared image is transmitted to the computer, the collected infrared video sequence image is analyzed and processed, and a test result of the surface of the test piece is output and displayed.
2. The nondestructive testing method based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pulse airflow for exciting the surface of the test piece is the pulse airflow subjected to homogenization tempering.
3. The nondestructive testing method based on pulsed air flow excitation infrared imaging according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: when the temperature of a test piece to be tested is not more than the ambient temperature, exciting the surface of the test piece by adopting thermal pulse airflow, wherein the temperature of the pulse airflow is not less than 50 ℃ higher than that of the test piece; when the temperature of the test piece to be tested is higher than the ambient temperature, the surface of the test piece is excited by adopting cold pulse airflow, and the temperature of the pulse airflow is not less than 40 ℃ lower than the temperature of the test piece.
4. The nondestructive testing method based on pulsed air flow excitation infrared imaging according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: when the piece to be tested is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, the pulse width of the excitation pulse airflow is not more than 200 milliseconds; when the piece to be tested is a material with low thermal conductivity, the pulse width of the excitation pulse airflow is not less than 10 seconds.
5. The nondestructive testing method based on pulsed air flow excitation infrared imaging according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: by dynamically adjusting the width of the exciting airflow pulse, the influence of the environmental temperature on the detection result is overcome by adopting multi-pulse layer-by-layer superposition.
6. Device for implementing the method of non-destructive testing based on pulsed-air-excited infrared imaging according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the device comprises a cold/hot pulse airflow generation module (10), a pulse airflow control module (3), a thermal infrared imager (5), a computer (1), a pulse airflow spray pipe (9) and a detection operation frame, wherein the cold/hot pulse airflow generation module comprises a vortex multiplier pipe (14) which is sequentially connected by connecting pipes and used for generating a compressed air into cold and hot airflows, two electromagnetic switching valves (17) for controlling the cold and hot airflows to be switched, a high-frequency electromagnetic valve (19) for controlling the cold/hot airflow to be switched on and off in a pulse mode, and the two electromagnetic switching valves are arranged in an interlocking mode; the pulse airflow control module (3) consists of a microprocessor, an oscillation circuit for generating pulse signals, an I/O interface circuit for controlling the electromagnetic valve and a relay, wherein the relay is respectively and electrically connected with the two electromagnetic switching valves and the high-frequency electromagnetic valve; the computer is connected with the thermal infrared imager and the pulse airflow control module through data lines; the detection operation frame is composed of a pedestal (6) for placing a piece to be tested (7) and a frame rod (8) fixedly arranged on the pedestal and used for installing a pulse airflow spray pipe (9) and a thermal infrared imager (5), and the pulse airflow spray pipe is connected with the high-frequency electromagnetic valve.
7. The nondestructive testing device based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging according to claim 6, characterized in that: the device is provided with an airflow homogenizing module which is composed of a guide plate (22) arranged in the pulse airflow spray pipe and a nozzle (23) with the gradually-contracted cross section arranged at the front end of the pulse airflow spray pipe.
8. The nondestructive testing device based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging according to claim 6, characterized in that: the electromagnetic switching valve is a two-position three-way electromagnetic switching valve, and a silencer (18) is arranged on one passage of the electromagnetic switching valve.
9. The nondestructive testing device based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging according to claim 7, characterized in that: and the cold and heat pipelines connected with the two ends of the vortex multiplier tube are provided with regulating valves (15) for regulating the air flow, and the temperature of the air flow is regulated by regulating the air flow.
10. The nondestructive testing device based on pulsed airflow excitation infrared imaging according to claim 6, characterized in that: the cold/hot pulse airflow generating device is provided with a compressor (4) for providing compressed air for the cold/hot pulse airflow generating module, and an air pressure sensor (20) and a control valve (13) are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the compressor and the cold/hot pulse airflow generating module.
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| CN108872253A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-11-23 | 中新红外科技（武汉）有限公司 | A kind of hand-held infra-red inspection instrument and its detection method |
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| CN114620090A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-06-14 | 西南交通大学 | Ballastless track gap size detection device based on thermal imaging |
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| CN109060825A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
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