CN109896895A - A kind of preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109896895A CN109896895A CN201910264127.7A CN201910264127A CN109896895A CN 109896895 A CN109896895 A CN 109896895A CN 201910264127 A CN201910264127 A CN 201910264127A CN 109896895 A CN109896895 A CN 109896895A
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- temperature control
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer, using urea granules as main material, use wax or grease as temperature control layer coating material, use biodegradable high molecular material as slow release layer coating material, reach different warm controlled-release effects by the different ratio of two function coatings, operation is coated by fluidized bed again, it is easy to operate, suitable for industrialized production, the temperature control type slow-release nitrogen fertilizer does not discharge at low temperature, it can be increased with the soil moisture and start to discharge under assigned temperature, slow-release time is controllable from 10d-90d in the soil, the nitrogen source for meeting different plants in growth period is supplied, the temperature control type slow-release nitrogen fertilizer production process is simple, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer and application times can be greatly lowered, it saves labour turnover and environmentally friendly that fertilizer loss can be greatly reduced is existing to reduce eutrophication As.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers more particularly to a kind of preparation methods of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer.
Background technique
The nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea can promote the cauline leaf riotous growth of crop, and leaf color is dark green, reinforce nutrient growth.Nitrogen application is not
It is short and small generally to show plant for crops when sufficient, thin and delicate；Leaf is gradual drying in improper green, radical leaves such as yellowish green, yellow oranges
It is withered；Root system branches is few；The tiller of cereal crop substantially reduces, or even not tiller, and ear differentiation is poor, and branch is few, and fringe shape is small,
The significant early ageing of crop is simultaneously precocious, and yield reduces.Crops normally behave as when nitrogen application excess: growing excessively in great numbers, axillary bud
Constantly birth, tiller is often excessive, interferes the normal development of reproductive organs, so that postponing maturation, leaf is in strong green, and cauline leaf is tender
Succulence, solubility amino acids too high levels, are subject to disease pest and cause harm in vivo, are easy lodging, the grain insatiable hunger of cereal crop
Full (mass of 1000 kernel is low), crop yield reduce.
Currently, the problems such as chemical fertilizer applications such as generally existing urea in China are excessive, blindness is applied, China crops chemical fertilizer per mu
Dosage 21.9Kg is 2.6 times of the U.S., 2.5 times of European Union, thus brings the increase of cost and the pollution of environment.Agriculture thus
Industry portion tailor-made " arrives the year two thousand twenty fertilizer application amount zero growth rate action scheme ", and the whole nation is urged to improve fertilization mode, improves fertilizer
Expect utilization rate.And developing slow release fertilizer is to improve the important approach of fertilizer efficiency.
For the crops such as wheat in its plantation, growth course, the demand to nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea is variation.It is big in China
The wheat in most areas needs to limit before entering the winter its speed of growth, and then needs to be stepped up the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer into spring
To promote the growth of wheat.Accordingly, it is desirable in real time manually or mechanical fertilization according to plant growth situation, working efficiency is low,
High production cost.Ideal mode is fertilising while sowing, that is, uses single fertilization technology.And this needs to develop and includes
Sustained-controll-release fertiliser including temperature control sustained-release fertilizer.The patent [CN102464506A] of high foundation, Li Jinxuan etc. disclose a kind of temperature
Control slow release fertilizer production technology its by adding a kind of natural Turpentine into raw material, reach adjustment polymer molecular structure, official
The effect of the characters such as energy group, adhesion.The waste and old packaging bag of the technology utilization is as coating agent, using natural Turpentine as solvent,
Have the advantages that reduce solvent environmental pollution, and lower production costs.But in the preparation process of the invention, still to return
Receiving the waste and old packaging bag utilized is coating agent, and coated fertilizer can not still degrade, and there are coated fertilizers to the seriously polluted of environment
The problem of.The patent [CN108164348A] of Yi Qiang, Duan Jinbo etc. use polyacrylamide it is slow as coating material preparation coating,
Release and release control fertilizer, but do not have temperature control characteristic.As it can be seen that the commercial fertilizer applied at present does not have temperature-responsive largely.For mesh
The polymer coated fertilizer (Polyon, Nutricote and Osmocote) of preceding external three kinds of commercializations, wherein
Osmocote fertilizer discharges comparatively fast in high temperature and low temperature environment, and the release of Nutricote fertilizer is relatively stable, right
There is no apparent linear response in temperature.In addition at high temperature (30-40 DEG C), release of Polyon fertilizer at a temperature of other
More slowly, three kinds of fertilizer cannot reach to environment temperature specificly-response.
Existing profile of thermo sensitive polymers is widely used in the high value added products such as medicine field [Yao Sheng chief editor, " medicine
With high molecular material " (third edition), Beijing, Chemical Industry Press, 2018.09], but the use of such functional macromolecule at
It originally is that agricultural fertilizer is difficult to receive.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer, which can be in temperature 20-
Start to discharge at 45 DEG C, slow-release time is controllable in 10-90d, is hardly influenced by factors such as sunlight, rainwater, irrigations, can root
According to the particularly customized specific aim fertilizer of different crops habit.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
(1) using urea granules as main material, use wax or grease as temperature control layer coating material；
(2) using biodegradable high molecular material as slow release layer coating material；
(3) homogeneous solution is formed after mixing temperature control layer coating material, the Granular Urea of movement is sprayed on through high-speed gas atomization
Surface, temperature control layer coating material to be coated is to carrying out cooling drying after a certain amount of；It is coated with the grain of temperature control layer coating material again
Shape urea carries out slow release layer spray coating under fluidized bed operating condition, using slow release layer coating material；After coating weight gain is qualified
Continue fluidized bed drying, finally carries out sieving the product taken between 10-60 mesh for particle, obtain finished product temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer.
The step 3 can also use following methods:
Under fluidized bed operating condition, slow release layer spray coating is carried out using slow release layer coating material；Coating weight gain qualification is subsequent
Continuous fluidized bed drying, then homogeneous solution is formed after temperature control layer coating material is mixed, movement is sprayed on through high-speed gas atomization
Granular Urea surface, temperature control layer coating material to be coated is to carrying out cooling drying after a certain amount of；Particle is finally carried out screening to take
Product between 10-60 mesh obtains finished product temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer.
Urea granules partial size is between 10-60 mesh in the preparation method.
Preferably, in the temperature control layer coating material include at least paraffin, beeswax, insect wax, lanocerin, spermaceti, shellac wax,
Any one or the combination of several of them in palm wax, wax, sugarcane wax, butter, lard, sheep oil and Chinese tallow tree rouge.
Preferably, poly butylene succinate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly-vinegar acid second are included at least in the slow release layer coating material
Enester and its aqueous dispersion, polyacrylate and its aqueous dispersion, ammonium polyacrylate ester and its aqueous dispersion, chitin, shell are poly-
The etherified celluloses such as sugar, sodium alginate, PURE COTE, hypromellose, ethyl cellulose and its aqueous dispersion
Any one or the combination of several of them.
According to coating material and the difference of actual demand, suitable coating aids can be added when configuring coating solution,
Middle coating aids are made of antiplastering aid and plasticizer.
Preferably, the antiplastering aid is talcum powder, stearate, stearic acid, glycerin monostearate, single palmitic acid
Any one or the combination of several of them in ester.
Preferably, the plasticizer be citric acid alkyl esters, glyceride, alkyl phthalates, sebacic acid alkyl esters,
Sucrose ester, sorbitan ester, triethyl citrate CitroflexA-2, in polyethylene glycol any one or it is several
The combination of kind.
The temperature controlled coating layer weight gain is the 0.5-20% of urea granules quality, and sustained-release coating layer weight gain is urea granules matter
The 0-15% of amount.
The invention has the advantages that
1, the environment temperature when present invention is produced and processed and applied fertilizer is high, paraffin itself high-melting-point, and storage processing stability can expire
Foot requires；Using the compatibility of glycerol and grease and urea promote urea and paraffin packet be incorporated into parafilm fusing point drop to it is minimum
25℃。
2, its funtion part of warm Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of the invention, is mainly made of both temperature control layer and slow release layer, temperature control layer makes
It is coated with different waxes (containing grease), temperature control layer any temperature within the scope of 20-40 DEG C can be made to start to melt, Zhi Houtong
The sustained-release coating layer for crossing Biodegradable polymer material composition controls the dissolution rate of internal nitrogenous fertilizer and reaches slow release effect.
3, this method is operated with common urea particle preparation temperature control type slow-release nitrogen fertilizer using fluidized bed coating, easy to operate,
Suitable for industrialized production.
4, biodegradable material ensure that this warm Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is environmentally friendly as Sustained release coating materials, in the soil
It not will cause secondary pollution.
5, compared to common nitrogenous fertilizer, this warm Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, temperature control point is controllable, slow-release time is controllable, adapts to different crops
Growth cycle.
6, due to the slow releasing function of this nitrogenous fertilizer, excessive nitrogenous fertilizer will not be made to enter rivers and lakes with rainwater, water body richness is caused to seek
Feedingization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 show temperature control sustained-release urea of the present invention and stands solubility curve figure in different temperatures purified water.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific example, technical scheme is described further:
Embodiment 1
It weighs urea granules 10Kg to be placed in fluidized bed, paraffin and butter mixture 1.5Kg is taken to be heated by heating device
Fluidized bed spray gun 1 is delivered to by utilidor after to 130 DEG C of fusings, is operated using fluidized bed top spray, opens fluidized bed blower
Kept for 20 DEG C of inlet air temperature, wind speed is adjusted to the complete fluidized state of urea granules.Continue to keep blower after the completion of to be sprayed
Operation cools down particle；Continue cooling dry 30min discharging after being coated grease and having sprayed.It is sieved by standard screen,
The little particle of the bulky grain of bonding and breakage is screened out, by 10-60 mesh powder collection.
Embodiment 2
It weighs urea granules 10Kg to be placed in fluidized bed, first packet slow release layer, polyvinyl acetate ester aqueous dispersion 4.5Kg is taken to add
It is configured to coating solution after a small amount of auxiliary material and purified water, by pipeline to fluidized bed spray gun 1, is sprayed and is operated using fluidized bed bottom,
It opens fluidized bed blower and is kept for 50 DEG C of inlet air temperature, wind speed is adjusted to urea granules and boils completely fluidized state.To poly-vinegar
Fluidized bed heating is closed after the completion of the spraying of vinyl acetate aqueous dispersion, continues to keep fan operation that particle is dried, cools down；
Meanwhile butter 0.5Kg is heated to 60 DEG C of fusings.Butter are passed through into utilidor when fluidized bed leaving air temp is consistent with room temperature
It is delivered to fluidized bed spray gun 2 and starts packet temperature control layer, keep fluidized bed fan condition constant.Continue to cool down after being coated grease and having sprayed
Dry 30min discharging.It is sieved, the little particle of the bulky grain of bonding and breakage is screened out, by 10-60 mesh by standard screen
Grain is collected.
Embodiment 3
It weighs urea granules 10Kg to be placed in fluidized bed, Aquacoat 3Kg is taken to add a small amount of auxiliary material and purified water
After be configured to coating solution, by pipeline to fluidized bed spray gun 1, sprayed and operated using fluidized bed bottom, opened fluidized bed blower and protect
Hold 50 DEG C of inlet air temperature, wind speed is adjusted to urea granules and boils completely fluidized state.It is sprayed to Aquacoat
Fluidized bed heating is closed after the completion of applying, and continues to keep fan operation that particle is dried, cools down；Meanwhile lard 0.8Kg being mixed
Properly when vegetable oil 0.2Kg is heated to 40 DEG C of fusings.Grease is passed through into insulating tube when fluidized bed leaving air temp is consistent with room temperature
Road is delivered to fluidized bed spray gun 2 and starts packet temperature control layer, keeps fluidized bed fan condition constant.Continue after being coated grease and having sprayed cold
But 30min discharging is dried.It is sieved, the little particle of the bulky grain of bonding and breakage is screened out, by 10-60 mesh by standard screen
Powder collection.
Embodiment 4
It weighs urea granules 10Kg to be placed in fluidized bed, adds a small amount of auxiliary material configuration after taking Aquacoat 3.3Kg
It is sprayed and is operated using fluidized bed bottom by pipeline to fluidized bed spray gun 1 at coating solution, opened fluidized bed blower and keep air inlet
Temperature 50 C, wind speed are adjusted to urea granules and boil completely fluidized state.It is sprayed to Aquacoat coating solution
Fluidized bed heating is closed after the completion of applying, and continues to keep fan operation that particle is dried, cools down；Meanwhile lard 0.4Kg being mixed
Properly when vegetable oil 0.1Kg is heated to 40 DEG C of fusings.Grease is passed through into insulating tube when fluidized bed leaving air temp is consistent with room temperature
Road is delivered to fluidized bed spray gun 2 and starts packet temperature control layer, keeps fluidized bed fan condition constant.Continue after being coated grease and having sprayed cold
But 30min discharging is dried.It is sieved, the little particle of the bulky grain of bonding and breakage is screened out, by 10-60 mesh by standard screen
Powder collection.
Embodiment 5
It weighs urea granules 10Kg to be placed in fluidized bed, passes through pipeline after taking beeswax 0.5Kg to be heated to 80 DEG C of complete meltings
It to fluidized bed spray gun 1, is sprayed and is operated using fluidized bed bottom, opened fluidized bed blower and kept for 30 DEG C of inlet air temperature, wind speed is adjusted to urine
Crude granule boils fluidized state completely, after the completion of beeswax coating, then coated slow release layer, take polyacrylate aqueous dispersion
A small amount of auxiliary material is added after 3Kg and is configured to coating solution, by pipeline to fluidized bed spray gun 2, is sprayed and is operated using fluidized bed bottom, beaten
It opens fluidized bed blower and is kept for 50 DEG C of inlet air temperature, wind speed is adjusted to urea granules and boils completely fluidized state.To polypropylene
Fluidized bed heating is closed after the completion of the spraying of acid esters aqueous dispersion coating solution, continues to keep fan operation that particle is dried, is cold
But；It is sieved, the little particle of the bulky grain of bonding and breakage is screened out, by 10-60 mesh powder collection by standard screen.
As shown in Figure 1, as seen from Figure 1, preparation gained fertilizer can be in temperature for the dissolubility of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer of the present invention
Start to discharge at 20-45 DEG C of degree, different warm controlled-release effects is reached by the different ratio of two function coatings, when enabling sustained release
Between it is controllable in 10-90d, and hardly influenced by factors such as sunlight, rainwater, irrigations, to meet different plants in growth period
Nitrogen source supply.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) using urea granules as main material, use wax or grease as temperature control layer coating material；
(2) using biodegradable high molecular material as slow release layer coating material；
(3) homogeneous solution is formed after mixing temperature control layer coating material, the Granular Urea of movement is sprayed on through high-speed gas atomization
Surface, temperature control layer coating material to be coated is to carrying out cooling drying after a certain amount of；It is coated with the grain of temperature control layer coating material again
Shape urea carries out slow release layer spray coating under fluidized bed operating condition, using slow release layer coating material；After coating weight gain is qualified
Continue fluidized bed drying, finally carries out sieving the product taken between 10-60 mesh for particle, obtain finished product temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer.
2. the preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3 can also make
Using the following method:
Under fluidized bed operating condition, slow release layer spray coating is carried out using slow release layer coating material；Coating weight gain qualification is subsequent
Continuous fluidized bed drying, then homogeneous solution is formed after temperature control layer coating material is mixed, movement is sprayed on through high-speed gas atomization
Granular Urea surface, temperature control layer coating material to be coated is to carrying out cooling drying after a certain amount of；Particle is finally carried out screening to take
Product between 10-60 mesh obtains finished product temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer.
3. the preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the urea granules partial size exists
Between 10-60 mesh.
4. the preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature control layer coating material
In include at least paraffin, beeswax, insect wax, lanocerin, spermaceti, shellac wax, palm wax, wax, sugarcane wax, butter, lard, sheep oil and
Any one or the combination of several of them in Chinese tallow tree rouge.
5. the preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the slow release layer coating material
In include at least poly butylene succinate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and its aqueous dispersion, polyacrylate and its water
Dispersion, ammonium polyacrylate ester and its aqueous dispersion, chitin, chitosan, sodium alginate, PURE COTE, hydroxypropyl first
Any one or the combination of several of them of the etherified celluloses such as base cellulose, ethyl cellulose and its aqueous dispersion.
6. the preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the biodegradable high score
Sub- material is additionally added coating aids in coating, and wherein coating aids are made of antiplastering aid and plasticizer.
7. coating aids according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the antiplastering aid is talcum powder, stearate, tristearin
Acid, glycerin monostearate, any one or the combination of several of them in monopalmitin.
8. coating aids according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the plasticizer be citric acid alkyl esters, glyceride,
Alkyl phthalates, sebacic acid alkyl esters, sucrose ester, sorbitan ester, triethyl citrate acetyl citrate
Any one or the combination of several of them in triethyl, polyethylene glycol.
9. the preparation method of temperature control sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature controlled coating layer weight gain
For the 0.5-20% of urea granules quality, sustained-release coating layer weight gain is the 0-15% of urea granules quality.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110437014A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-12 | 拉多美（宁陵）化肥有限公司 | A kind of humic acid potassium Selenium-rich composite fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN110683907A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-01-14 | 杨建波 | Water-soluble efficient plant fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111747793A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-09 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | Special controlled-release formula fertilizer for fruit trees |
| CN113354479A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-07 | 河北大化肥业有限公司 | Water-retaining long-acting fertilizer for wheat planting and method and application thereof |
| DE102020006130A1 (en) | 2020-10-07 | 2022-04-07 | WACHS-CHEMIE Elsteraue e. K. | Replacement for polymers - EU 2019/1009 |
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| CN108033863A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-05-15 | 马鞍山菌菌食品科技有限公司 | A kind of poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide-sodium alginate double-coating temperature sensitive sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111747793A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-09 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | Special controlled-release formula fertilizer for fruit trees |
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