CN109896620A - 用于流动床生物膜法的填料 - Google Patents

用于流动床生物膜法的填料 Download PDF

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CN109896620A
CN109896620A CN201910278008.7A CN201910278008A CN109896620A CN 109896620 A CN109896620 A CN 109896620A CN 201910278008 A CN201910278008 A CN 201910278008A CN 109896620 A CN109896620 A CN 109896620A
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徐雄剑
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于流动床生物膜法的填料，所述新型环保填料包含外层网袋和内层填充微球；所述内层填充微球按质量份计包含碳化稻壳粉末5‑10份，硅藻土5‑10份，羟基磷酸钙5‑10份，PVC弹性体40‑60份，聚乙烯醇树脂20‑40份，硬质酸2‑6份，聚丙烯酰胺1‑5份，发泡剂10‑20份；所述外层网袋为热塑性树脂，通过热处理粘合在内层填充微球表面上。本发明的填料具有简单的结构构造，能减少生产成本，并且环保易降解，挂膜量大，处理污水的效率高。

Description

用于流动床生物膜法的填料
技术领域
本发明属于污水处理领域，具体涉及一种用于流动床生物膜法的填料。
背景技术
污水中氨氮是主要污染源，目前，针对氨氮，主要的去除方法有物理吸附、催化氧化及生物预处理法。氨氮为极性分子，需对常见吸附剂，如活性炭、沸石、陶粒等进行改性，且吸附效果有限，达到饱和需进行再生，综合处理效果及经济性较适用于突发性污染，不宜作为常规处理方法；氨氮在水体中极为稳定，一般的氧化剂难以对其氧化，一般采用催化氧化，但效果不佳且运行费用极高；从处理效果及经济来考虑，生物处理是最佳选择也是普遍方法。生物处理常用活性污泥法与生物膜法。
MBBR(Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor，移动床生物膜反应器)是通过向反应器中投加一定数量的悬浮填料，提高反应器中的生物量及生物种类，从而提高反应器的处理效率，悬浮填料比重接近水，在挂膜前后与水体密度相近，使其可在水中悬浮，相比流化床工艺，流化动力低，通过少量曝气，就可实现填料完全流化，实现高效处理。MBBR工艺的本质是依生物膜原理，按活性污泥方式运行。
生物填料是废水生物处理技术的核心之一，它的亲水性和生物亲和性将直接影响微生物的附着、生长，从而影响废水的处理效果。目前，市场上常见的聚氯乙烯生物填料由于亲水性能和生物亲和性较差，导致在挂膜速度、挂膜量及膜与填料的紧密度方面存在不足，向PVC（乙烯基的聚合物质）填料中加入适当物质进行共混改性，可望提高填料的传质、2挂膜和水处理性能。另外PVC的冲击强度只有2-5kJ/m，具有冲击强度低、热稳定性差等缺点，导致该填料容易老化，使用寿命较短。且成型加工步骤繁琐，造成较多原料的浪费，因此急需开发一种结构简单，处理效率高，耐久性强的环保型填料。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供一种用于流动床生物膜法的填料，其具有简单的结构构造，能减少生产成本，并且填料环保易降解，挂膜量大，处理污水的效率高。
一种用于流动床生物膜法的填料，所述填料包含外层网袋和内层填充微球；所述内层填充微球按质量份计包含碳化稻壳粉末5-10份，硅藻土5-10份，羟基磷酸钙5-10份，PVC弹性体40-60份，聚乙烯醇树脂20-40份，硬质酸2-6份，聚丙烯酰胺1-5份，发泡剂10-20份；所述外层网袋为热塑性树脂，通过热处理粘合在内层填充微球表面上。
进一步地，所述内层填充微球的直径为1-2cm，所述外层网袋的网孔直径为0.3-0.6cm。
进一步地，所述内层填充微球中的发泡剂为异丙基氯。
进一步地，所述碳化稻壳粉末，硅藻土，羟基磷酸钙的粉末粒径为200目以下。
进一步地，所述内层填充微球的比表面积大于600m2/g。
进一步地，所述外层网袋的热塑性树脂为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯中至少一种。
进一步地，所述热处理粘合的处理温度为120-150℃。
进一步地，每个所述填料包含20-100个内层填充微球。
一种上述的用于流动床生物膜法的填料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：（1）碳化稻壳粉末，硅藻土，羟基磷酸钙，PVC弹性体，聚乙烯醇树脂，硬质酸，聚丙烯酰胺，发泡剂混合均匀，高速搅拌，将上述混合物料加入到发泡成型机中熔融发泡；（2）然后注入到模具中成型成内层填充微球；（3）将一定数量的内层填充微球加入到外层网袋中，固定至不能随意滑动，进行热处理5-20秒；（4）最后采用紫外光辐照填料。
进一步地，紫外光的波长为254nm，辐照填料5-10min。
发明的有益效果：
本发明的生物填料除了常规的聚合物外，还添加一定量的羟基磷酸钙，利用羟基磷酸钙，碳化谷壳等对活性细菌的亲和性，从而进一步提高处理效率；上述聚乙烯醇和PVC弹性体在填料中起到很好的润湿性，同时添加硬质酸和聚丙烯酰胺，所得到的填料的润湿性能显著改善，使得生物膜与填料接触更紧密。
本发明所得填料为内外层结构，具有群的中心对称和旋转对称性，各向同性度高，内部微球之间有合适的空隙，有利于提高生物填料的通透性，即提高生物膜与水体之间的物质交换能力；同时在通过外层网袋与热处理，使得微球之间、微球与网袋之间在接触处熔融结合，避免生物填料之间的相互机械碰撞，有利于提高基底的循环使用寿命。使得生物膜与填料接触更紧密。本发明的构造使得造成内部空间的局部高氧化，并延长微生物与有机物的接触时间，使得有机物被迅速、彻底降解。
本发明的环保填料，通过加入碳化稻壳粉末，硅藻土，羟基磷酸钙等生物无机质多孔填充剂，具有协同改善挂膜量和挂膜速度的效果，通过加入发泡剂，使内层填料微球具有连通的大孔径，促进微生物进入并在其表面上生长，通过加入控制内层填料微球的直径，使得环保填料整体具有合适的空隙率和流通性，保证水流能够快速的进行交换，通过外层网袋和热处理，固定了微球之间，微球与网袋之间的互相滑动，避免在激烈水流中的挂膜脱落。
具体实施方式
为便于更好地理解本发明，通过以下实例加以说明，这些实例属于本发明的保护范围，但不限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
用于流动床生物膜法的新型环保填料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：（1）将碳化稻壳粉末，硅藻土，羟基磷酸钙粉碎至粒径为200目以下，将碳化稻壳粉末7.5份，硅藻土7.5份，羟基磷酸钙7.5份，PVC弹性体50份，聚乙烯醇树脂30份，硬质酸4份，聚丙烯酰胺3份，异丙基氯15份混合均匀，高速搅拌，将上述混合物料加入到发泡成型机中熔融发泡；（2）然后注入到模具中成型成直径为1.5cm的内层填充微球；（3）将60个的内层填充微球加入到网孔直径为0.5cm的外层网袋中，所述外层网袋的材料为热塑性树脂为聚丙烯，固定至不能随意滑动，进行130℃的热处理10秒；（4）最后采用紫外光辐照填料，紫外光的波长为254nm，辐照填料7.5min。
实施例2用于流动床生物膜法的新型环保填料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：（1）将碳化稻壳粉末，硅藻土，羟基磷酸钙粉碎至粒径为200目以下，将碳化稻壳粉末10份，硅藻土5份，羟基磷酸钙10份，PVC弹性体40份，聚乙烯醇树脂40份，硬质酸2份，聚丙烯酰胺5份，异丙基氯10份混合均匀，高速搅拌，将上述混合物料加入到发泡成型机中熔融发泡；（2）然后注入到模具中成型成直径为2cm的内层填充微球；（3）将20个的内层填充微球加入到网孔直径为0.6cm的外层网袋中，所述外层网袋的材料为热塑性树脂为聚丙烯，固定至不能随意滑动，进行120℃的热处理20秒；（4）最后采用紫外光辐照填料，紫外光的波长为254nm，辐照填料5min。
实施例3用于流动床生物膜法的新型环保填料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：（1）将碳化稻壳粉末，硅藻土，羟基磷酸钙粉碎至粒径为200目以下，将碳化稻壳粉末5份，硅藻土10份，羟基磷酸钙5份，PVC弹性体60份，聚乙烯醇树脂20份，硬质酸6份，聚丙烯酰胺1份，异丙基氯20份混合均匀，高速搅拌，将上述混合物料加入到发泡成型机中熔融发泡；（2）然后注入到模具中成型成直径为1cm的内层填充微球；（3）将100个的内层填充微球加入到网孔直径为0.3cm的外层网袋中，所述外层网袋的材料为热塑性树脂为聚丙烯，固定至不能随意滑动，进行150℃的热处理5秒；（4）最后采用紫外光辐照填料，紫外光的波长为254nm，辐照填料10min。
对比例1与实施例1相同，除了不加入发泡剂进行发泡。
对比例2与实施例1相同，除了不加入碳化稻壳粉末。
对比例3与实施例1相同，除了不加入硅藻土。
对比例4与实施例1相同，除了不加入羟基磷酸钙。
对比例5与实施例1相同，除了不加聚乙烯醇树脂。
对比例6与实施例1相同，除了内层填充微球的直径为5cm。
对比例7与实施例1相同，除了不设置外层网袋。
对比例8与实施例1相同，除了不进行热处理。
分别取相同量的生物填料装填在流动床上，在原水浓度中COD为1200mg/L，闷曝1天，曝气量为1m3/h的条件下闷曝1天，1天后测量不同填料的生物膜量。将所得挂膜填料在亲水中曝气量为1m3/h，曝气1天后，测试剩余生物膜量，结果如下表。
由上表可知，本发明的环保填料，通过加入碳化稻壳粉末，硅藻土，羟基磷酸钙等生物无机质多孔填充剂，具有协同改善挂膜量和挂膜速度的效果，通过加入发泡剂，使内层填料微球具有连通的大孔径，促进微生物进入并在其表面上生长，通过加入控制内层填料微球的直径，使得环保填料整体具有合适的空隙率和流通性，保证水流能够快速的进行交换，通过外层网袋和热处理，固定了微球之间，微球与网袋之间的互相滑动，避免在激烈水流中的挂膜脱落。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于流动床生物膜法的填料，其特征在于，所述填料包含外层网袋和内层填充微球；所述内层填充微球按质量份计包含碳化稻壳粉末5-10份，硅藻土5-10份，羟基磷酸钙5-10份，PVC弹性体40-60份，聚乙烯醇树脂20-40份，硬质酸2-6份，聚丙烯酰胺1-5份，发泡剂10-20份；所述外层网袋为热塑性树脂，通过热处理粘合在内层填充微球表面上；所述内层填充微球的直径为1-2cm，所述外层网袋的网孔直径为0.3-0.6cm；所述内层填充微球中的发泡剂为异丙基氯；所述碳化稻壳粉末，硅藻土，羟基磷酸钙的粉末粒径为200目以下；所述外层网袋的热塑性树脂为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯中至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于流动床生物膜法的填料，其特征在于，所述内层填充微球的比表面积大于600m2/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于流动床生物膜法的新型环保填料，其特征在于，所述热处理粘合的处理温度为120-150℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于流动床生物膜法的新型环保填料，其特征在于，每个所述填料包含20-100个内层填充微球。
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