CN109885952A - A kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop - Google Patents
A kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop, comprising: S1 determines research area's stratigraphic horizon and collecting zone geologic information；S2 finds appearing for corresponding stratum in research area's adjacent domain, analyzes fracture network feature of appearing；S3 collection research area drilling data；S4 acquires rock sample in corresponding appearing for stratum, carries out rock mechanics parameters and obtains experiment；S5 obtains the three dimensional point cloud of rock sample fracture surface, seeks fracture surface three-dimensional coefficient；Parameter synthesis formation fracture number fracture surface is arranged in S6 in digit synthesis software, using reverse engineering approach to generation crack surface model after Point Cloud Processing；S7 binding area corresponds to the fracture network feature of appearing on stratum, and rock mechanics parameters are imported model, model is revert to subsurface environment, establish well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop.The well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop that the present invention establishes not only had met formation condition, FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS, but also can be used in modern emulation mode and analyzed, and had broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil-gas geologies and development field, and in particular to a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop.
Background technique
In recent years, deepening continuously with oil-gas exploration and development, fractured reservoir are shared in the oil and gas reserves having found
Ratio is gradually increased, and proved reserves and yield proportion also increasingly rise, and formation fracture research is paid more and more attention.Fractured
Reservoir generally buries relatively deep, fractue spacing complexity, so that reservoir geology complicated condition, brings many to petroleum exploration and development and ask
Topic.Due to the presence in crack, same well section can have multi-pressure system, cause the drilling fluid leakage problem frequency in drilling process
Hair, and drilling fluid enters stratum can damage reservoir, formation fluid, which enters pit shaft, will affect drilling fluid density, cause bottom pressure control
System is difficult.For these problems, domestic and foreign scholars and petroleum worker in the pons hematoma rule of fractured leakage, based on fracture
The mechanical mechanism of fractured reservoir leak-proof leak-stopping, the change width in crack and its influence to leakage of theory of mechanics etc. are done
(Zhao Zhengguo, Pu Xiaolin, Wang Gui wait the pons hematoma drilling liquid technology of fractured leakage to long-term research on theory and practice
[J] Drilling and completion fluids, 2012,29 (3): 44-46；Zeng Yijin, Li great Qi, Yang Chun and fractured reservoir leak-proof leak-stopping power
Learn Mechanism Study [J] Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016,35 (10): 2054-2061).But cause since crack exists
Underground problem be not well solved still, by analysis it is found that asking of occurring in drilling process of fractured reservoir
Topic has its source in formation fracture feature description difficulty, formation fracture spatial flow situation complexity etc..
In this regard, development characteristics, the origin cause of formation and the governing factor of formation fracture network especially well week fracture network are seen clearly, into one
Step establishes a set of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop, and studying fracture network and pit shaft Coupled Flow rule under drillng operation environment is to solve
The key of the above problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is considering that stratum appears fracture network feature and strata pressure, wellbore fluids pressure, crustal stress etc. pair
Well week crack network characterization influence on the basis of, provide a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop, this method is former
Reason is reliable, and easy to operate, the well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop of foundation had not only substantially conformed to formation condition, FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS, but also can be used in
Modern emulation mode is analyzed, and is had broad application prospects.
To reach the above technical purpose, the present invention uses following technical scheme.
A kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop, successively the following steps are included:
S1 determines research area's stratigraphic horizon and collects corresponding areal geology data；
S2 finds appearing for corresponding stratum in research area's adjacent domain, carries out outcrop observation, analyzes fracture network of appearing
Network feature；
S3 is on the basis of step S2, collection research area drilling data；
S4 acquires rock sample in corresponding appearing for stratum, carries out rock mechanics parameters to the rock sample of acquisition and obtains experiment；
S5 carries out 3D scanning to the rock sample of acquisition, obtains the three dimensional point cloud of rock sample fracture surface, and seeks fracture surface three
Dimensional feature parameter；
Parameter synthesis formation fracture number fracture surface is arranged in digit synthesis software, adopts on the basis of step S5 by S6
With reverse engineering approach to generation crack surface model after Point Cloud Processing；
S7 binding area corresponds to the fracture network feature of appearing on stratum, and obtained rock mechanics parameters are imported model
In, the model of foundation is revert to subsurface environment, well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop is finally established in modeling software.
In the step S1, collecting corresponding areal geology data includes: research area's tectonic geology situation, area deposition
Evolutionary History, for determining the construction feature and depositional environment on research area stratum.
In the step S2, it is the reason of appearing what research area's adjacent domain found corresponding stratum: is seen by appearing
Survey with describe obtained fracture network with underground corresponding stratum fracture network in development scale, the origin cause of formation, inclination angle and development length etc.
Similitude is all shown in feature, the difference is that underground fracture network is under more stress field actions, fracture network of appearing is then
The result showed after reservoir stress release.Outcrop observation refer to observation and record crack figure, length, aperture, density,
Away from, phase time property and Filling Characteristics.
In the step S3, the research area drilling data of collection include: drilling strata sequence record, fluid properties,
It is laminated force gradient and formation temperature gradient and ground stress characteristics.
In the step S4, models and analyze for the ease of 3-D scanning, when acquisition intrinsic fracture is appeared, crack rock
Sample should include following requirement: fracture surface is construction face, and surface does not have apparent secondary action trace, and crack rock sample is unsuitable
It is excessive, while including opposed flattened fracture surface.The rock mechanics parameters of acquisition rock sample are real by three axis rock mechanics of interior
Test equipment acquisition；The rock mechanics parameters of acquisition include: elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio and the compressed coefficient；Carrying out three axis rocks
Before experiment of machanics, need that the rock sample progress rock sample of acquisition is drilled through, cut and dried and etc., diameter × length is made in rock sample
For the cylinder specimen of 50mm × 100mm.
In the step S5, using contactless measuring system, (such as Eascan-D copies number mapping 3-D scannings and number
According to processing system) according to determine basic point, sampling, discrete phase, mold board, Lian Jidian, height calculate such operating procedure counterincision
Seam rock sample measures；The fracture surface three-dimensional point cloud file TXT format that scanning is obtained is opened, and scan data is discrete dot
Formula, with the deposit of (X, Y, Z) format；Opposed flattened rectangular area on the fracture surface obtained after interception scanning in modeling software,
The three dimensional point cloud of the fracture surface in the region is obtained, further using (Tse R, Cruden D such as R.Tse and D.M.Cruden
M.Estimating joint roughness coefficients[J].International Journal of Rock
Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts, 1979,16 (5): 303-307.) propose it is logical
Cross the root mean square Z for calculating the point of fracture surface upper curve2To obtain crack roughness JRC coefficient, in which:
JRC=32.2+32.47lgZ2
In formula, root mean square Z2It can be sought according to the coordinate data (x, y, z) put on fracture surface, such as following formula:
In above formula, lx、lyFor x or the horizontal side length of y-axis fracture surface；xi、yi、ziIt is sat for the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis of the point marked as i
Mark.
Fracture surface fractal dimension is sought using crack roughness average height and average base length:
Ds=1.0051D1+0.9918
In formula, D1For two-dimensional fractal dimension, DsFor three-dimensional fractal dimension, h*Indicate crack roughness average height, L*It indicates
The roughness base that is averaged in crack is long.
In the step S6, the three-dimensional in setting crack in the digit synthesis software (such as SynFrac software) in crack
The parameter value of characteristic parameter simultaneously makes other parameters keep default, further generates crack number fracture aperture cloud atlas in software,
Fracture surface and lower fracture surface are therefrom extracted, and respectively exporting upper and lower fracture surface and saving as format is that (X, Y, Z) puts cloud
File；The point cloud file of crack upper and lower surfaces is imported into reverse engineering software (such as Geomagic Studio software),
Fracture faces are further subjected to the operations such as slight noise reduction, surface be smooth, remove edge spike, one of surface contact of erasing
Point, is then encapsulated into triangle surface, ultimately produces crack surface model.
In the step S7, subsurface environment include: from step S3 collect research area drilling data obtained in stratum
Depth, formation pressure gradient, formation temperature gradient, fluid properties, parameters and earth stress, original formation pressure and bottom pressure.
The principle of the contactless measuring system is: laser triangulation, i.e., is constituted using incident light and reflected light
The geometrical relationship of triangle carrys out ranging, the distance between scanner and object table millet cake is released by their angle, in order to protect
Scanning quality is demonstrate,proved, this method measurement method distance is limited within the scope of several meters, and precision is current reverse work up to tens microns
The widely applied scanning technique of journey, this method are more suitable for the measurement of fracture faces form.
The invention has the following advantages that the well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop that the present invention establishes has true fracture network form special
Sign, feasibility and practicability are high；The present invention need to only acquire a certain size true crack rock sample, and the model size finally established is not
It is restricted, reduces rock sampling cost, imitative experimental appliance of being more convenient for design and numbered analog simulation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the fracture faces configuration surface chart after contactless system scans.
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional height cloud atlas of rectangular area opposed flattened on the fracture surface obtained after interception scans.
Fig. 3 is the digital fracture surface for synthesizing formation fracture.
Fig. 4 is the surface model of formation fracture.
Fig. 5 is well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, right below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing
The present invention is described in further details.Here, exemplary embodiment and its explanation of the invention is used to explain the present invention, but simultaneously
It is not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment:
Using the NE Sichuan member dam area well Chialingchiang Formation stratum X as example, the foundation of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop is realized.It is main
Want the following steps are included:
S1 determines NE Sichuan member dam area X well Chialingchiang Formation stratigraphic horizon and collects the money of corresponding Outline of regional geological setting
Material；
S2 finds appearing for Chialingchiang Formation stratum in first dam area adjacent domain, carries out outcrop observation, and analysis is appeared
Fracture network feature；
S3 collects NE Sichuan member dam area drilling data on the basis of step S2；
S4 acquires rock sample in appearing for Chialingchiang Formation stratum, carries out rock mechanics parameters and obtains experiment；
S5 carries out 3D scanning to the rock sample of acquisition, obtains the three dimensional point cloud of rock sample fracture surface, and seeks fracture surface three
Dimensional feature parameter；
Parameter synthesis formation fracture number crack is further arranged on the basis of step S5 in S6 in digit synthesis software
Face generates crack surface model to point cloud data using reverse engineering approach, as shown in Figure 4 after treatment；
The fracture network feature of appearing on S7 combination Chialingchiang Formation stratum imports obtained rock mechanics parameters in model,
The model of foundation is revert to subsurface environment, well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop is finally established in modeling software, as shown in Figure 5.
In the step S1, the data for collecting corresponding Outline of regional geological setting includes: NE Sichuan member dam area construction ground
Matter situation, area deposition Evolutionary History etc., for determining the construction feature and depositional environment on its stratum.The data of collection is divided
After analysis it follows that NE Sichuan member dam area is influenced relatively weak by tectonic activity, and stratum only has slight fold in area, constructs shape
It dies down, is broken agensis, each stratigraphic structure all has good inheritance, and general characteristic is similar, each series of strata mature fault journey
Spend relatively low, two groups of tomographies of major developmental east northeast and NW trending；Marine deposit is developed in the area simultaneously, and formation lithology is with carbonate
Based on rock.
In the step S2, it is the reason of appearing what first dam area adjacent domain found Chialingchiang Formation stratum: passes through
Appear observation and the obtained fracture network of description with underground corresponding stratum fracture network in development scale, the origin cause of formation, inclination angle and extension
Similitude is all shown in the features such as length, the difference is that underground fracture network is under more stress field actions, fracture network of appearing
Network is then the result showed after reservoir stress discharges.At Guangyuan City Wangcang County county town towards the road Chialingchiang Formation of state Hua Zhen
Layer exposure it is preferable, then will it is determined here that be observation place, observe and have recorded crack figure, length, aperture, density, spacing,
Phase time property and Filling Characteristics etc..It appears fracture network feature on Chialingchiang Formation stratum are as follows: fracture network integrally develops that scale is big, and master is split
Seam extend length, between any two less parallel and with layer inside it is parallel, many secondary fractures are developed between major fracture, secondary fracture inclines
Angle is random；The smooth rule in major fracture face, waviness is small, and secondary fracture face is then very irregular；It is filled out in crack containing certain
Object is filled, wherein shale is in the majority.
In the step S3, collecting NE Sichuan member dam area drilling data has: drilling strata sequence record, fluidity
Matter, formation pressure gradient and formation temperature gradient and ground stress characteristics, concrete condition is as shown in table 1- table 3.
1 yuan of dam of table area X well Chialingchiang Formation stratigraphic sequence/fluid properties record sheet
2 yuan of dams of table area X well Chialingchiang Formation formation pressure gradient/temperature gradient data table
3 yuan of dams of table area X well Chialingchiang Formation stratum crustal stress mean value statistical form
In the step S4, models and analyze for the ease of 3-D scanning, when acquisition intrinsic fracture is appeared, crack rock
Sample should include following requirement: fracture surface is construction face, and surface does not have apparent secondary action trace, and crack rock sample is unsuitable
It is excessive, while including opposed flattened fracture surface.Indoors, acquisition rock is obtained by tri- axis Rock Mechanics Test equipment of GCTS
The rock mechanics parameters of sample；Before carrying out three axis Rock Mechanics Tests, need to carry out the rock sample of acquisition rock sample drill through, cut and
Drying and etc. after, by rock sample be made diameter × length be 50mm × 100mm cylinder specimen；The rock mechanics parameters of acquisition
It include: elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio and the compressed coefficient, concrete condition is as shown in table 4.
4 rock mechanics parameters experimental result of table
By experimental result as can be seen that the numerical value of the elastic modulus E of rock and Poisson's ratio ν are not much different, No. 1 rock is chosen
Sample test result sets the elastic modulus E of rock as 32115MPa, Poisson's ratio ν is that is, when establishing well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop
0.245, compressed coefficient CsIt is 1.555 × 10-2MPa-1。
In the step S5, using contactless measuring system according to determining basic point, sampling, discrete phase, mold board, company
Pole, height calculate such operating procedure fracture rock sample and measure, and obtain fracture faces configuration surface chart, such as scheme
Shown in 1, further obtain overall surface three dimensional point cloud, and will point cloud file with TXT format open, scan data be from
Scatterplot form, with the deposit of (X, Y, Z) format；Opposed flattened rectangle on the fracture surface obtained after interception scanning in modeling software
Region obtains the three dimensional point cloud of the fracture surface in the region, and the three-dimensional coordinate information of fracture surface is shown, obtains square
The three-dimensional height cloud atlas in shape region, as shown in Figure 2；Further using (Tse R, Cruden such as R.Tse and D.M.Cruden
DM.Estimating joint roughness coefficients[J].International Journal of Rock
Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts, 1979,16 (5): 303-307.) propose it is logical
Cross the root mean square Z for calculating the point of fracture surface upper curve2To obtain crack roughness JRC coefficient, in which:
JRC=32.2+32.47lgZ2
In formula, root mean square Z2It can be sought according to the coordinate data (x, y, z) put on fracture surface, such as following formula:
In above formula, lx、lyFor x or the horizontal side length of y-axis fracture surface；xi、yi、ziIt is sat for the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis of the point marked as i
Mark.
Fracture surface fractal dimension is sought using crack roughness average height and average base length:
Ds=1.0051D1+0.9918
In formula, D1For two-dimensional fractal dimension, DsFor three-dimensional fractal dimension, h*Indicate crack roughness average height, L*It indicates
The roughness base that is averaged in crack is long.
Mathematical method more than carries out mathematical computations in software, and obtaining corresponding processing result is: h*For
2.723mm Z2For 0.4132mm, JRC 19.7360, D1It is 1.076, DsIt is 2.073.
The contactless measuring system that this example is chosen is that Eascan-D copies number mapping 3-D scanning and data processing system,
Be exclusively for copy number mapping, CAD is reverse and designs and develops, and has measuring speed fast, and measurement accuracy is high the features such as, scanning accuracy can
Up to 20 μm, it can satisfy the measurement to complicated coarse fracture faces and construct good model curved surface.The laser class is contactless
The principle of measuring system is: laser triangulation, i.e., the geometrical relationship of the triangle constituted using incident light and reflected light come ranging,
The distance between scanner and object table millet cake are released by their angle, in order to guarantee scanning quality, this method measurement
Method distance is limited within the scope of several meters, and precision is the widely applied scanning technique of current reverse-engineering up to tens microns, this
Kind method is more suitable for the measurement of fracture faces form.
In the step S6, the parameter value of the three-dimensional coefficient in crack is set in the digit synthesis software in crack simultaneously
Other parameters are made to keep default, for convenience of modeling processing setting fracture surface physics size 1024*1024mm, further in software
Formation fracture number fracture surface is generated, as shown in figure 3, therefrom extracting fracture surface and lower fracture surface respectively, and respectively will be upper
It is that (X, Y, Z) puts cloud file that lower fracture surface, which exports and saves as format,；The point cloud file of crack upper and lower surfaces is imported into inverse
Into engineering software, fracture faces are further subjected to slight noise reduction, the smooth equal operation in surface removes edge spike, table of erasing
One point of face contact, is then encapsulated into triangle surface, ultimately produces surface model, as shown in Figure 4.
The crack number composite software that this example is chosen is SynFrac software.Three-dimensional fractal at most can be set in the software
8 dimension, physical area, mismatch length, length of transition zone, standard deviation, anisotropy, minimax matching section parameters are come
Obtain different digit synthesis cracks.Synthesizing crack includes upper and lower surfaces, and on each upper surface a point has following table
One point in face is corresponding to it, and the difference in height between two o'clock is the aperture in the coordinate points crack, can be by the way that FRACTAL DIMENSION is arranged
Number obtains the digital crack of different average apertures, and acquisition crack is defaulted as any and is in contact.It is split generating formation fracture number
During seam face, the model of selection is the Glover et al model that software author proposes.
The reverse engineering software that this example is chosen is Geomagic Studio software, which is that the industry of profession is reverse
Point cloud data can be converted into surface model by engineering software.
In the step S7, the subsurface environment parameter on Chialingchiang Formation stratum includes: 5148~5920m of depth of stratum, ground
It is laminated force gradient 1.47~1.99 (MPa/100m), formation temperature gradient 122-137 (DEG C/100m), vertical crustal stress is
151.52MPa, maximum horizontal crustal stress are 186.12MPa, and minimum level crustal stress is 127.30MPa, original formation pressure
82.50MPa, bottom pressure 88.94MPa, fluid are assumed to be water, density 1000kg/m3, viscosity 1mPas；It is soft modeling
Subsurface environment relevant parameter, the crack curved surface that will be generated in rock mechanics parameters obtained in step S4 and step S6 are set in part
Model is imported into modeling software, is appeared fracture network feature in conjunction with Chialingchiang Formation stratum, is cut in modeling software by combination
It the operation such as cuts, establishes well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop, as shown in Figure 5.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop, successively the following steps are included:
S1 determines research area's stratigraphic horizon and collects corresponding areal geology data；
S2 finds appearing for corresponding stratum in research area's adjacent domain, carries out outcrop observation, analyzes the fracture network spy that appears
Sign；
S3 is on the basis of step S2, collection research area drilling data；
S4 acquires rock sample in corresponding appearing for stratum, carries out rock mechanics parameters to the rock sample of acquisition and obtains experiment；
S5 carries out 3D scanning to the rock sample of acquisition, obtains the three dimensional point cloud of rock sample fracture surface, and it is three-dimensional special to seek fracture surface
Levy parameter；
On the basis of step S5 parameter synthesis formation fracture number fracture surface is arranged, using inverse in S6 in digit synthesis software
To engineering method to generation crack surface model after Point Cloud Processing；
S7 binding area corresponds to the fracture network feature of appearing on stratum, and obtained rock mechanics parameters are imported in model, will
Model revert to subsurface environment, finally establishes well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop.
2. a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S1
In, collecting corresponding areal geology data includes research area's tectonic geology situation, area deposition Evolutionary History, for determining research area
The construction feature and depositional environment on stratum.
3. a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S2
In, observation of appearing refers to observation and records crack figure, length, aperture, density, spacing, phase time property and Filling Characteristics.
4. a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S3
In, research area's drilling data include: drilling strata sequence record, fluid properties, formation pressure gradient and formation temperature gradient with
And ground stress characteristics.
5. a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S4
In, the rock mechanics parameters of acquisition include: elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio and the compressed coefficient.
6. a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S5
In, to the three dimensional point cloud of rock sample fracture surface, the root mean square Z of the point by calculating fracture surface upper curve2It is thick to obtain crack
Rugosity JRC coefficient:
JRC=32.2+32.47lgZ2
In formula, lx、lyFor x or the horizontal side length of y-axis fracture surface；xi、yi、ziFor the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis coordinate of the point marked as i；
Fracture surface fractal dimension is sought using crack roughness average height and average base length:
Ds=1.0051D1+0.9918
In formula, D1For two-dimensional fractal dimension, DsFor three-dimensional fractal dimension, h*Indicate crack roughness average height, L*Indicate crack
The roughness base that is averaged is long.
7. a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S6
In, the parameter value of the three-dimensional coefficient in crack is set in the digit synthesis software in crack, generates crack number fracture aperture
Cloud atlas therefrom extracts fracture surface and lower fracture surface, and respectively exporting upper and lower fracture surface and saving as format is (X, Y, Z) point
Cloud file；The point cloud file of crack upper and lower surfaces is imported into reverse engineering software, crack surface model is generated.
8. a kind of method for building up of well week fracture network model of analogous outcrop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S7
In, subsurface environment refers to depth of stratum, formation pressure gradient, stratum obtained in the research area drilling data collected from step S3
Temperature gradient, fluid properties, parameters and earth stress, original formation pressure and bottom pressure.
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