CN102759745B - Method for forecasting carbonate reservoir based on forward modeling of digital geological outcrop model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forecasting a carbonate reservoir based on forward modeling of a digital geological model, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: in petroleum geological exploration, through a field carbonate geological outcrop collecting and data processing technology and combination with an actually-measured geological section, establishing a three-dimensional digital geological model of an outcrop area, according to an outcrop rock speed analysis chart and a drill speed data, establishing a speed model of the carbonate reservoir with different physical properties on the basis of the three-dimensional geological model, carrying out two-dimensional forward modeling and three-dimensional forward modeling, carrying out offset horning process on earthquake forward modeling data so as to obtain three-dimensional offset data or a two-dimensional offset section of the earthquake forward modeling, establishing reflecting characteristics of different carbonate reservoirs according to response characteristics of the earthquake section, and forecasting the carbonate reservoir. According to the invention, qualitative forecasting of the carbonate reservoir can be realized without a regular earthquake inversion, a large amount of manpower and device resources are saved, reliability and precision of forecasting of the carbonate reservoir in the earthquake are effectively improved, exploration and development risk can be reduced, and benefit is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysics and geological technique, belong to geologic prospecting and oil-gas exploration study in a kind of carbonate rock reservoir prediction method of forward modeling of appearing based on digital geological.
Background technology
Carbonatite oil gas rich reserves, but the more complicated of carbonatite own, oil gas controls obviously by reservoir, and Reservoir type is various, and nonuniformity is strong, and reservoir prediction difficulty is large.
After reservoir prediction in the past in oil-gas exploration mainly determines seismic geologic stratum on seismic data, with seismic inversion, demarcated by seismic wavelet extraction, synthetic seismic record, earthquake to be combined with electrofacies and to set up wave impedance initial model, and constantly debug and correction model, reach best, finally carry out wave impedance inversion, obtain the Acoustic Impedance Data of Reservoir Section, the size of wave impedance just can reflect the change of reservoir properties, so just can the size of wave impedance value predict reservoir.
Need repetition test in seismic inversion process, just can reach optimum efficiency, need a large amount of manpowers and device resource; And need the constraint of the well-log information such as a large amount of drilling data and high-precision sound wave, density could improve reservoir prediction precision, to the area not having drilling well and well-log information, there is multi-solution in reservoir seismic inversion, and precision is lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide one not to be needed to carry out seismic inversion, simple and practical, is specially adapted to the exploration area that drilling well is less, the carbonate rock reservoir prediction method of precision of prediction and the high forward modeling of appearing based on digital geological of efficiency.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and comprises the following steps:
1) according to exploratory area given data select periphery exposure stratum, exploratory area many, with stratum, exploratory area and construct similar geology and appear;
Step 1) described in given data comprise geologic map, satellite photo, earth's surface elevation map, geologic information.
2) collection utilizing three-dimensional laser scanner to carry out geology to appear, takes the photo of outcrop area all directions, position simultaneously;
Step 2) described in collection adopt different resolution; Described different resolution is 5mm to 10cm, or larger sampling interval;
3) measured geological section is carried out to outcrop area;
Step 3) described in measured geological section be for outcrop area, by measuring on the spot, lithology observation describe, rock sampling, set up measured geological section, stratum composite columnar section, sedimentary facies section and geologic body to describe, complete lithological correlation figure, sedimentary facies comparison diagram, set up artificial well;
4) rock sample is carried out rock density, factor of porosity, the isoparametric lab analysis chemical examination of permeability, speed measure, form petrophysical parameter analysis diagram and geology and to appear data;
5) geology data of appearing spliced and processed, forming the 3-D data volume that has uniform coordinate;
Described splicing and process utilize the supporting process software poloyworks of three-dimensional laser scanner to complete.
6) the appear geologic horizon of 3-D data volume, fracture and various geological phenomenon of geology is marked;
Step 6) described in mark be:
(1) will appear data volume and wide-angle photo merges and shows geological phenomenon;
(2) lithologic interface, structural interface and Different Strata are shown diacritical color, demonstrate geologic horizon, fracture, solution cavity, collapse the geological phenomenon such as body, unconformity surface;
(3) obtain geology to appear relevant geologic parameter;
Described geology relevant geologic parameter of appearing is solution cavity geometric configuration, girth, surface area, volume;
The trend on stratum, tendency, thickness;
Fracture development density, yardstick, trend, tendency, thickness.
7) utilize step 6) mark and step 3) measured geological section, set up the three-dimensional geological model of outcrop area;
Step 7) described in geologic model by Gocad construct modeling software set up, comprise weathering crust, solution cavity, the body that collapses, crack, reef beach, fracture geometric phenomenon and the contact relation with country rock thereof.
8) based on three-dimensional geological model, according to step 4) petrophysical parameter analysis diagram and geology to appear data, in conjunction with the carbonate formation speed that drilling well in exploratory area obtains, set up the rate pattern of reflection reservoir change, carry out two and three dimensions Seismic forward, obtain a series ofly just drilling result;
Step 8) described in just to drill be seismic wavelet according to exploratory area carbonatite section, adopt 30Hz Ricker wavelet to carry out Wave equation forward modeling, obtain a series of corresponding two and three dimensions after just drilling and just drill data volume.
9) to step 8) just drill result and carry out migration process, obtain Seismic forward three-D migration data or two-dimensional migration section;
10) to appear forward modeling prediction of result carbonate reservoir according to geology.
Step 10) described in prediction of carbonate reservoir be according to step 9) 3-D seismics that obtains just is drilling offset data or two-dimension earthquake just drills migrated section, carries out reservoir prediction when carbonate reservoir thickness is greater than 5 meters;
Seismic section there is the carbonate reservoir as well reservoir of following response characteristic:
(1) when solution cavity end face is less than 5 meters apart from Buried Hill Surface distance, seismic section shows as the reversal of poles of Carbonate Burial Hill face, the strong beading that underlie reflect;
(2) when solution cavity end face is 5 meters-20 meters apart from unconformity surface distance, seismic section showing as " Carbonate Burial Hill face seismic amplitude weak, inside story be strong beading reflectance signature ", there is upper doming effect by the interference Buried Hill Surface seismic event of ripple in local;
(3) when solution cavity end face is greater than 20 meters apart from unconformity surface distance, seismic section shows as the strong beading reflection of " two peak one paddy " below Carbonate Burial Hill face;
(4) step 8) described in carbonatite speed low.
By this method prognostic experiment, correct by drilling proof prediction, can without well loggings such as drilling well and high-precision sound wave, density, save a large amount of manpowers and device resource, effectively improve reliability and the precision of earthquake prediction carbonate reservoir, reduce exploratory development risk, increase the benefit, for exploratory development plan implementation provides reliable foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the seismic response features contrast that solution cavity withstands on different physical property reservoir in below Buried Hill Surface 5 meters,
A. geologic model geologic model: solution cavity apex distance Buried Hill Surface country rock speed 6200m/s,
B. Seismic forward section: carbonate rock physical property is good, filling velocity 3800m/s, strong beading reflection,
C. Seismic forward section: carbonate rock is poor, filling velocity 5500m/s, beading are not obvious;
Fig. 2 is the seismic response features contrast that solution cavity withstands on different physical property reservoir in below Buried Hill Surface 5-20 rice,
A. geologic model apex distance Buried Hill Surface 10m, country rock speed 6200m/s,
B. Seismic forward section: carbonate rock physical property is good, filling velocity 3800m/s,
C. Seismic forward section: carbonate rock poor properties, filling velocity 5500m/s;
Fig. 3 is the seismic response features contrast that solution cavity withstands on the different physical property reservoir of Buried Hill Surface less than 20 meters,
A. geologic model: solution cavity apex distance Buried Hill Surface distance is 25 meters and 30 meters, country rock speed 6200m/s,
B. just section is drilled: carbonate rock physical property is good, filling velocity 3800m/s,
C. just section is drilled: carbonate rock poor properties, filling velocity 5500m/s;
Fig. 4 is that the regional solution cavity of example 1 withstands on the good seismic reservoir response characteristic of carbonatite in below Buried Hill Surface 5 meters,
Fig. 5 is that the regional solution cavity of example 2 withstands on the good seismic reservoir response characteristic of carbonatite in below Buried Hill Surface 5-20 rice,
Fig. 6 is that the regional solution cavity of example 3 withstands on the good seismic reservoir response characteristic of Buried Hill Surface less than 20 meters carbonatites.
Embodiment
The present invention mainly to be appeared acquisition and processing by field carbonatite geology, set up digital geological to appear model, and carry out forward modeling, set up the relation between different earthquake reflectance signature and carbonate reservoir, thus realize the object being carried out predicting reservoir by Seismic reflection character.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
1) geologic map, satellite photo, earth's surface elevation map, the geologic information in exploratory area, choosing the Xi Keer carbonatite geology outcrop area that karst grows relatively is research object;
2) utilize three-dimensional laser scanner, employing 10mm resolution carries out the collection that geology is appeared, and takes the photo of outcrop area all directions, position simultaneously;
3) measured geological section is carried out to outcrop area;
Choose multiple exemplary position of outcrop area, by measuring on the spot, lithology observation describe, rock sampling, set up a series of measured geological section, stratum composite columnar section, sedimentary facies section and geologic body to describe, then complete lithological correlation figure, sedimentary facies comparison diagram, set up artificial well;
4) rock sample is carried out rock density, factor of porosity, the isoparametric lab analysis chemical examination of permeability, speed measure, form petrophysical parameter analysis diagram and geology and to appear data;
5) utilize the Imalign module of the supporting process software Poloyworks of three-dimensional laser scanner, the geology collected data of appearing are spliced and processed, forms the 3-D data volume that has uniform coordinate;
6) utilize the Iminspect module of Poloyworks to portray appear 3-D data volume geologic horizon, fracture and geological phenomenon of geology and describe, mainly comprise:
(1) will appear data volume and wide-angle photo merges and shows geological phenomenon, the rationality that assisted Extraction height geologic horizon, fracture and various geological phenomenon are portrayed and described;
(2) lithologic interface, structural interface and Different Strata are shown as diacritic color, demonstrate geologic horizon, fracture, solution cavity, collapse the geological phenomenon such as body, unconformity surface;
(3) correlation parameter portraying and describe geologic body can be obtained on data volume, mainly contain: the geometric configuration of solution cavity, girth, surface area, volume; The trend on stratum, tendency, thickness; Fracture development density, yardstick, trend, tendency, thickness.
7) utilize step 6) geologic horizon portraying out, geological phenomenon and the step 3 such as fracture and solution cavity) measured geological section, construct modeling software by Gocad, set up the three-dimensional geological model of outcrop area;
8) based on three-dimensional geological model, according to step 4) the carbonate formation speed of core analysis, in conjunction with the carbonate formation speed of drilling well a large amount of in exploratory area, ask for the speed average of dissimilar reservoir, the formation velocity of good reservoir is 3800m/s, the formation velocity of difference reservoir is 5500m/s, country rock speed is 6200m/s, set up multiple rate patterns of reflection different reservoir physical property accordingly, carry out two and three dimensions Seismic forward, according to the seismic wavelet of exploration areas carbonatite section in basin, 30Hz Ricker wavelet is adopted to carry out Wave equation forward modeling, obtain a series of corresponding two and three dimensions and just drill data volume,
9) to step 8) just drill result and carry out migration process, obtain Seismic forward three-D migration data or two-dimensional migration section;
10) carbonate rock reservoir prediction method is set up according to geology forward modeling result of appearing.
Step 10) described in prediction of carbonate reservoir be according to step 9) 3-D seismics that obtains just is drilling offset data or two-dimension earthquake just drills migrated section, carrys out prediction of carbonate reservoir according to the seismic response features on section:
(1) when solution cavity end face is less than 5 meters apart from Buried Hill Surface distance, seismic section shows as the as well reservoir of " Carbonate Burial Hill face reversal of poles, underlie strong beading reflectance signature "; As Fig. 1, a. geologic model: solution cavity apex distance Buried Hill Surface distance is less than 5 meters, country rock speed 6200m/s; B. solution-cavity filling speed is the Seismic forward section of 3800m/s, and solution cavity is the reflections of strong beading, represents reservoir properties good; C. solution-cavity filling speed is the Seismic forward section of 5500m/s, and beading reflection is not obvious, represents reservoir properties difference.
(2) when solution cavity end face is 5 meters-20 meters apart from unconformity surface distance, seismic section showing as the as well reservoir of " Carbonate Burial Hill face seismic amplitude weak, inside story be strong beading reflectance signature ", there is upper doming effect by the interference Buried Hill Surface seismic event of ripple in local; As Fig. 2, a. geologic model: solution cavity apex distance Buried Hill Surface 10m, country rock speed 6200m/s; B. solution-cavity filling speed is the Seismic forward section of 3800m/s, is the reflections of strong beading, represents reservoir properties good below Buried Hill Surface; C. solution-cavity filling speed is the Seismic forward section of 5500m/s, and inside story reflects without beading, represents reservoir properties difference.
(3) when solution cavity end face is greater than 20 meters apart from unconformity surface distance, seismic section shows as the as well reservoir of " the strong beading reflectance signature below Carbonate Burial Hill face being two peak one paddy "; As Fig. 3, a. geologic model: solution cavity apex distance Buried Hill Surface distance is 25 meters and 30 meters, country rock speed 6200m/s; B. solution-cavity filling speed is the Seismic forward section of 3800m/s, and solution cavity is the reflections of strong beading, represents reservoir properties good; C. solution-cavity filling speed is the Seismic forward section of 5500m/s, and under Buried Hill Surface, beading are not obvious, represents reservoir properties difference.
According to step 10) three kinds of good reservoir prediction standards, in explore, utilize the high-quality three dimensional seismic data in exploratory area, predict carbonate rock fractured cave type reservoir, efforts will be concentrated on prospecting development block drilling well checking precision of prediction reaches 95%.
First kind favo(u)rable target: similar with Fig. 1, seismic section shows as the reversal of poles of Carbonate Burial Hill face, and the strong beading that underlie reflect.As Fig. 4, example 1 regional Carbonate Karst Cave seismic response features is strong beading, predicts as well reservoir, drills rear two mouthfuls of wells and all obtains high yield commercial hydrocarbon flow.
Equations of The Second Kind favo(u)rable target: similar with Fig. 2, seismic section shows as the weak amplitude of Buried Hill Surface earthquake, the strong beading of inside story or the arch of buried hill end face.As Fig. 5, the seismic response features of the regional carbonate reservoir of example 2 is the strong beading in local, predicts that this place's reservoir properties is good, and drilling well discloses grows crack-hole type reservoir, obtains high yield commercial hydrocarbon flow after probing.
3rd class favo(u)rable target: similar with Fig. 3, seismic section shows as the strong beading reflection of " two peak one paddy ", general beading apex distance is greater than 20m from Buried Hill Surface.As Fig. 6, the carbonate reservoir seismic response features in example 3 area is the strong beading reflection of " two peak one paddy ", and predicting reservoir physical property is better, obtains high yield commercial hydrocarbon flow after the probing of this well.
By this method prognostic experiment, correct by drilling proof prediction, effectively can improve reliability and the precision of earthquake prediction carbonate reservoir, reduce exploratory development risk, increase the benefit, for exploratory development plan implementation provides reliable foundation.
Claims (9)
1. appear based on digital geological the carbonate rock reservoir prediction method of forward modeling, feature is realized by following technical step:
1) according to exploratory area given data select periphery exposure stratum, exploratory area many, with stratum, exploratory area and construct similar geology and appear;
2) collection utilizing three-dimensional laser scanner to carry out geology to appear, takes the photo of outcrop area all directions, position simultaneously;
3) measured geological section is carried out to outcrop area;
4) rock sample is carried out rock density, factor of porosity, permeability, speed parameter lab analysis chemical examination measure, form petrophysical parameter analysis diagram and geology and to appear data;
5) geology data of appearing spliced and processed, forming the 3-D data volume that has uniform coordinate;
6) mark the appear geological phenomenon of 3-D data volume of geology, described geological phenomenon comprises geologic horizon, fracture, solution cavity, the body that collapses, unconformity surface;
7) utilize step 6) mark and step 3) measured geological section, set up the three-dimensional geological model of outcrop area;
8) based on three-dimensional geological model, according to step 4) petrophysical parameter analysis diagram and geology to appear data, in conjunction with the carbonate formation speed that drilling well in exploratory area obtains, set up the rate pattern of reflection reservoir change, carry out two and three dimensions Seismic forward, obtain a series ofly just drilling result;
9) to step 8) just drill result and carry out migration process, obtain Seismic forward three-D migration data or two-dimensional migration section;
10) to appear forward modeling prediction of result carbonate reservoir according to geology.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 1) described in given data comprise geologic map, satellite photo, earth's surface elevation map.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is step 2) described in collection adopt different resolution; Described different resolution is 5mm to 10cm, or larger sampling interval.
4. method according to claim 1, feature is step 3) described in measured geological section be for outcrop area, by measuring on the spot, lithology observation describe, rock sampling, set up measured geological section, stratum composite columnar section, geologic body description, complete lithological correlation figure, sedimentary facies comparison diagram, set up artificial well.
5. method according to claim 1, feature is step 5) described in splicing and process utilize the supporting process software poloyworks of three-dimensional laser scanner to complete.
6. method according to claim 1, feature is step 6) described in mark be:
(1) will appear data volume and wide-angle photo merges and shows geological phenomenon;
(2) lithologic interface, structural interface and Different Strata are shown diacritical color, demonstrate geologic horizon, fracture, solution cavity, the body that collapses, unconformity surface geological phenomenon;
(3) obtain geology to appear relevant geologic parameter;
Described geology relevant geologic parameter of appearing is solution cavity geometric configuration, girth, surface area, volume;
The trend on stratum, tendency, thickness;
Fracture development density, yardstick, trend, tendency, thickness.
7. method according to claim 1, feature is step 7) described in geologic model construct modeling software by Gocad and set up, comprise weathering crust, solution cavity, the body that collapses, crack, reef beach, fracture geometric phenomenon and the contact relation with country rock thereof.
8. method according to claim 1, feature is step 8) described in just to drill be seismic wavelet according to exploratory area carbonatite section, adopt 30Hz Ricker wavelet to carry out Wave equation forward modeling, obtain a series of corresponding two and three dimensions after just drilling and just drill data volume.
9. method according to claim 1, feature is step 10) described in prediction of carbonate reservoir be according to step 9) 3-D seismics that obtains just is drilling offset data or two-dimension earthquake just drills migrated section, carries out reservoir prediction when carbonate reservoir thickness is greater than 5 meters;
Seismic section there is the carbonate reservoir as well reservoir of following response characteristic:
(1) when solution cavity end face is less than 5 meters apart from Buried Hill Surface distance, seismic section shows as the reversal of poles of Carbonate Burial Hill face, the strong beading that underlie reflect;
(2) when solution cavity end face is 5 meters-20 meters apart from unconformity surface distance, seismic section showing as Carbonate Burial Hill face seismic amplitude is weak, inside story is strong beading reflectance signature, there is upper doming effect by the interference Buried Hill Surface seismic event of ripple in local;
(3) when solution cavity end face is greater than 20 meters apart from unconformity surface distance, seismic section shows as the strong beading reflection of " two peak one paddy " below Carbonate Burial Hill face;
(4) step 8) described in carbonatite speed low.
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