CN109882270B - Internal combustion engine nitrogen oxide emission closed-loop control system for in-cylinder ionic current and urea injection - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine nitrogen oxide emission closed-loop control system for in-cylinder ionic current and urea injection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an internal combustion engine nitrogen oxide emission closed-loop control system for injecting ionic current and urea in a cylinder, which comprises a urea box, a high-temperature water pipe, a heating control valve, a liquid level and temperature sensor, a high-pressure urea pump, a high-pressure urea common rail, a urea direct injection nozzle, an internal combustion engine body, an air inlet manifold, an exhaust manifold, a nitrogen oxide sensor, an ionic current signal processing device and a closed-loop controller, wherein the high-pressure urea common rail is connected with the urea direct injection nozzle; the invention obviously improves the capability of the emission characteristic of the internal combustion engine, effectively avoids the crystallization phenomenon in the urea injection process, and accurately optimizes the urea injection amount to realize extremely high nitrogen oxide emission inhibition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines, relates to the related field of realizing the control of the emission of nitrogen oxides of the internal combustion engines by urea injection, and particularly relates to a closed-loop control system for the emission of the nitrogen oxides of the internal combustion engines by in-cylinder ionic current and urea injection.
Background
The air pollution problem is a major problem in China at present, automobile exhaust emission is one of important causes of air pollution, and proportion data of various pollution sources published by the China ministry of environmental protection show that the automobile exhaust emission accounts for 22% of the total emission. Based on the background, the government of China further controls the problem of pollutant emission by continuously establishing increasingly strict automobile exhaust emission standards. Among the pollutants emitted by motor vehicles, Nitrogen Oxides (NO)X) The pollutants account for a considerable proportion, and the total pollutant emission reaches 4359.7 ten thousand tons, wherein the nitrogen oxides account for 574.3 thousand tons in view of the pollutant emission condition of the motor vehicles all over the country published in 2018. In addition, nitrogen oxides, one of the main causes of photochemical pollution, present a significant hazard to human health. At present, the passenger car field mainly uses the gasoline engine as the power supply, can the nearly 97% nitrogen oxide of catalytic conversion discharge through three way catalyst converter, and commercial car field mainly uses the diesel engine as the power supply, and the vast majority realizes nitrogen oxide control through Selecting Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technique. In Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology, ammonia in a urea solution is used to react with nitrogen oxides in a series of chemical reactions by spraying the urea solution into an exhaust pipe, and finally the nitrogen oxide emissions are catalytically converted into nitrogen and discharged to the atmosphere.
The principle of using urea solution to control the emission of nitrogen oxides of an internal combustion engine is that ammonia gas is formed through evaporation and pyrolysis of the urea solution, and the ammonia gas can chemically react with nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide to reduce the nitric oxide and the nitrogen dioxide into nitrogen. In the nitrogen oxides discharged by combustion of the internal combustion engine, the nitrogen monoxide and the nitrogen dioxide exceed 99 percent, so that the emission reduction of the nitrogen oxides can be realized very efficiently by using the urea solution, and the requirements of the emission regulations of the internal combustion engine for vehicles are finally met. Currently, the urea nozzle is mainly arranged in the exhaust manifold in the automobile industry, and the method has a plurality of defects: 1. the temperature in the exhaust pipe is insufficient under the working conditions of cold start or frequent start and stop, so that sufficient heat cannot be provided for pyrolysis of the urea solution and reduction reaction of ammonia, the emission control capability of nitrogen oxides is seriously reduced, the emission of the nitrogen oxides can exceed the regulatory standard by more than several times, and the un-pyrolyzed and oxidized urea and ammonia can escape to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe, so that serious secondary pollution is caused; 2. the whole pipeline is too long, so that the crystallization phenomenon of the urea solution is frequent in the use process, the satisfaction degree of a vehicle user is seriously influenced, the urea solution is abandoned to be injected, and other liquid is used for avoiding the intervention of a vehicle-mounted diagnosis system, so that the emission of nitrogen oxides is out of control; 3. the control precision is insufficient, the injection quantity of the urea solution cannot meet the requirement of controlling the emission of nitrogen oxides, and an oxidizer is usually additionally arranged at the rear end of an exhaust pipe to reduce the subsequent unconventional emission and greatly increase the production and use cost of the system; 4. the urea injection quantity control depends on a nitrogen oxide generation model, a direct feedback signal for the concentration of nitrogen oxide in a cylinder is lacked, and the urea injection quantity control precision is poor; 5. the urea solution injection process is far away from the nitrogen oxide generation site (combustion chamber), so that the control process has obvious lag, the control performance of the urea solution on the nitrogen oxide is reduced, the transient regulation and control capability is poor, and the nitrogen oxide reduction amplitude is only about 70 percent generally.
Although most of diesel engines used in commercial vehicles need to adopt a catalytic reduction (SCR) technology, the technology has high use cost, large installation occupied volume and frequent crystal blockage, so that the utilization rate is not enough for a long time in the actual working process, the qualification rate of the spot inspection of the vehicle urea published by the environmental protection department in 2018 shows that the vehicle urea close to 7 is unqualified, the standard reaching rate is only 31.25 percent, and the nitrogen oxide discharged by a diesel vehicle accounts for 70 percent of the total nitrogen oxide discharged from the statistical data of the discharged pollutants of vehicle type classification.
Currently, with the official implementation of the national emission standards, there is a continuing need for improvements in engine emission control technology.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem of controlling the emission of nitrogen oxides of the current internal combustion engine, a catalytic reduction control system with better performance, higher control precision and stronger system robustness needs to be further developed in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the aim of the invention is that the closed-loop control system for the emission of nitrogen oxides of the internal combustion engine with in-cylinder ionic current and urea injection is characterized in that: the device comprises a urea box, a high-temperature water pipe, a heating control valve, a liquid level and temperature sensor, a high-pressure urea pump, a high-pressure urea common rail, a urea direct injection nozzle, an internal combustion engine body, an air inlet manifold, an exhaust manifold, a nitrogen oxide sensor, an ionic current signal processing device and a closed-loop controller.
The high-temperature water pipe is installed on the urea box.
The heating control valve is installed on the high-temperature water pipe and can adjust the flow in the high-temperature water pipe. The heating control valve is electrically connected with the closed-loop controller.
The liquid level and temperature sensor is arranged in the urea box.
The liquid level and temperature sensor collects liquid level and temperature data of the normal-pressure urea solution in the urea box, data signals are input into the closed-loop controller, the closed-loop controller receives the data signals, when the temperature of the urea solution is too low, the closed-loop controller outputs control instructions to the heating control valve by adjusting the duty ratio of output signals in the closed-loop controller and matching with different proportional coefficients, integral coefficients and differential coefficients, the heating control valve is completely opened, and when the temperature of the urea solution reaches a target control temperature, the closed-loop controller outputs control instructions to the heating control valve by adjusting the duty ratio of the output signals in the closed-loop controller and matching with different proportional coefficients, integral coefficients and differential coefficients, and the heating control valve is completely closed.
The high-pressure urea pump is connected with the urea box through a first conduit. The high-pressure urea pump is electrically connected with the closed-loop controller.
The high-pressure urea common rail is connected with the high-pressure urea pump through a second conduit. And a rail pressure sensor is arranged on the high-pressure urea common rail.
The urea direct injection nozzle is located in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and is connected with the high-pressure urea common rail through a third conduit. The urea direct injection nozzle is electrically connected with the closed-loop controller.
And the high-pressure urea pump pressurizes the normal-pressure urea solution in the urea tank, and then conveys and stores the normal-pressure urea solution in the high-pressure urea common rail.
The rail pressure sensor measures the pressure of the high-pressure urea common rail, a data signal is input to the closed-loop controller, the closed-loop controller receives the data signal, when a target rail pressure value is lower than a current rail pressure value, a control instruction is output to the urea pump, the outlet flow of the urea pump is cut off to reduce the current rail pressure value to enable the current rail pressure value to be close to the target rail pressure value, when the target rail pressure value is higher than the current rail pressure value, the control instruction is output to the urea pump, and the outlet flow of the urea pump is increased to enable the current rail pressure value to reach the target rail pressure value.
When the high pressure urea common rail distributes the high pressure urea solution to the urea direct injection nozzle, the closed-loop controller outputs a peak holding voltage duty ratio instruction to the urea direct injection nozzle, and controls the injection time and the injection pulse width of the urea direct injection nozzle by adjusting the initial time and the duration time of the peak holding voltage duty ratio instruction, so that the high pressure urea solution is injected into the combustion chamber to perform catalytic conversion reaction.
The ion current sensor is installed in the internal combustion engine body.
The ion current sensor monitors an ion current signal in the combustion chamber, monitoring data are input into the ion current signal processing device, and the ion current signal processing device receives the ion current signal monitored by the ion current sensor and then processes the signal to extract the content information of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder.
The ion current signal processing device communicates the extracted content information of the nitrogen oxides in the cylinder with the closed-loop controller through a CAN communication protocol, and outputs a signal to the closed-loop controller. The closed-loop controller receives the signal, and when the in-cylinder nitrogen oxide concentration is higher than the control threshold, the closed-loop controller adjusts the injection control command, outputs the control command to the urea direct injection nozzle, controls the injection pulse width and the injection timing of the urea direct injection nozzle, and when the in-cylinder nitrogen oxide concentration is lower than the control threshold, the closed-loop controller adjusts the injection control command, outputs the control command to the urea direct injection nozzle, and stops the urea direct injection nozzle from injecting the urea solution into the cylinder.
The nitrogen oxide sensor is mounted on the exhaust manifold.
The nitrogen oxide sensor monitors the concentration of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust manifold, and inputs the collected nitrogen oxide concentration signal into the closed-loop controller, and the closed-loop controller receives and processes the nitrogen oxide concentration signal, corrects in-cylinder real-time nitrogen oxide concentration data detected by the ion current sensor, and controls the injection pulse width and the injection time of the urea direct injection nozzle.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a high-voltage ion current power supply device.
The high-voltage ionic current power supply device supplies power to the ionic current sensor, and high voltage is applied to the combustion chamber and the cylinder body through the ionic current sensor.
Furthermore, the ion current signal processing device, the closed-loop controller and the high-voltage ion current power supply device are powered by a vehicle-mounted storage battery.
Further, in the working process of the internal combustion engine, the ion current sensor acquires the generation condition of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder by detecting the ion current signal in the cylinder, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) the high-voltage ionic current power supply device applies direct-current voltage required by ionic current detection to the combustion chamber and the cylinder body.
2) During the combustion process, the combustible mixed gas generates chemical ionization and thermal ionization reactionIn the thermal ionization reaction stage, the nitrogen monoxide generated by combustion of combustible mixed gas is reacted with NO + E through a third bodyion↔NO++e-Production of NO+Ions.
3) NO+The ion and the electron move under the action of the directional electric field, weak current is formed in the detection circuit, the current signal is input to the ion current signal processing device through the ion current sensor, the ion current signal processing device processes the signal, and the concentration signal of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder is obtained after the signal is mainly processed by the methods of filtering, amplifying, digital-to-analog conversion, integration and characteristic value extraction and calculation.
Furthermore, the closed-loop controller acquires the current cycle air-fuel ratio, the oil injection/ignition time information and the steady-state tail gas nitrogen oxide emission concentration data by mainly collecting signals of a crankshaft position sensor, a camshaft position sensor, an air inlet pressure and temperature sensor and a tail gas steady-state nitrogen oxide sensor of the internal combustion engine or directly reading the current working state of the internal combustion engine from the original machine controller, establishes an in-cylinder nitrogen oxide control model according to the chemical dynamics mechanism of the reaction of nitrogen oxide and ammonia gas, generates a state function of the nitrogen oxide as follows,
in the formula, y (NO)x) The correction coefficients of the in-cylinder fuel ratio, the ignition/oil injection time, the in-cylinder Ion current and the concentration of the tail gas emission nitrogen oxide which are obtained by the calibration of an engine bench test are respectively a, b, c and d, the correction coefficients are second-order matrixes determined by the rotation speed and the load of the engine together, lambda (phi) is the in-cylinder air-fuel ratio which changes along with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, T (phi) is the in-cylinder ignition/oil injection time which changes along with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, Ion (phi) is the in-cylinder Ion current signal which changes along with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, and emision is carried out-NOxIs the measured steady state nox emission concentration in the exhaust emissions.
And the closed-loop controller is combined with in-cylinder nitrogen oxide real-time generation data obtained through the ionic current signal processing device and nitrogen oxide concentration data detected by the nitrogen oxide sensor to correct in-cylinder real-time nitrogen oxide concentration parameters acquired by the ionic current sensor and output a control command to adjust the injection pulse width and the injection time of the urea direct injection nozzle.
Further, the first conduit, the second conduit and the third conduit are all heat-insulating pressure-resistant stainless steel pipes or hoses.
Further, the high-pressure urea pump, the high-pressure urea common rail, the intake manifold and the exhaust manifold are all mounted on the internal combustion engine body.
Further, the high-temperature water pipe comprises a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe. The inlet tube with the outlet pipe is all installed on the urea case, wherein the outlet pipe is located the below of inlet tube. The water in the high-temperature water pipe exchanges heat with the cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine, the water in the high-temperature water pipe in the urea box flows in a circulating mode, the water enters the water inlet pipe, and the water exits from the water outlet pipe.
The heating control valve is installed on the water inlet pipe.
Furthermore, the urea box is positioned in an internal combustion engine cabin, and the temperature of the normal-pressure urea solution in the urea box is maintained through a high-temperature heat source generated in the working process of the internal combustion engine.
Further, the urea pump pressurizes the normal-pressure urea solution within a range of 15-40 MPa.
The technical effects of the present invention are needless to say, in the present invention, the urea direct injection nozzle is arranged in the combustion chamber, so as to directly inject the urea solution into the combustion chamber, and the in-cylinder ionic current detection technology is adopted to perform real-time feedback on the generation condition of the in-cylinder nitrogen oxide, so as to realize high-precision optimal control of the urea injection amount, and the present invention has the following outstanding advantages:
1) under each working condition of the internal combustion engine, including cold start and frequent start and stop working conditions, the combustion temperature in the cylinder is very high, enough energy is provided to realize the evaporation and pyrolysis of the sprayed urea solution, the utilization rate of the urea solution and ammonia gas is effectively increased, and the control capability of nitrogen oxides in the working process of the internal combustion engine is greatly improved.
2) The urea box is arranged in the internal combustion engine cabin, so that a heat-insulating, heat-preserving and pressure-resistant stainless steel pipe or hose used by the system is greatly shortened, the potential crystallization phenomenon of the urea solution is effectively avoided, and the satisfaction degree of vehicle users and the system utilization rate are improved.
3) The concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder is detected in real time by adopting an ion current detection technology, the real-time concentration data of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder is corrected by adopting the low-frequency steady-state nitrogen oxide concentration acquisition data of the exhaust pipe, the real-time concentration condition of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder with high precision and good robustness is finally obtained, and a reliable basis is provided for the closed-loop controller to formulate an optimal injection strategy of the urea in the cylinder.
4) The high-pressure urea injection is realized by adopting the high-pressure urea pump and the high-pressure urea common rail, the in-cylinder nitrogen oxide control model is established according to the chemical dynamics mechanism of the reaction of nitrogen oxide and ammonia gas, the high-precision in-cylinder nitrogen oxide real-time concentration feedback signal is combined, the accurate control of the injection pulse width of the urea direct injection nozzle is realized, the urea solution injection precision is greatly improved, the generation of additional unconventional emission can be effectively avoided, additional devices such as an oxidizer and the like are not needed, and the production and use cost of the system is reduced.
5) The place where the urea solution is pyrolyzed and ammonia gas is generated is highly consistent with the place where the nitrogen oxides are generated, the capability of controlling the emission of the nitrogen oxides can be further improved, the transient response is outstanding, and the reduction amplitude of the nitrogen oxides can break through 95%.
The invention can obviously improve the capability of the emission characteristic of the internal combustion engine, not only can provide longer reaction time for urea and improve the capability of the urea in reacting the emission of nitrogen oxides of the internal combustion engine, but also can accurately optimize the urea injection amount to realize extremely high inhibition of the emission of the nitrogen oxides, and is suitable for various occasions of controlling the emission of the internal combustion engine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the closed loop control of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a urea box 1, a high-temperature water pipe 2, a water inlet pipe 201, a water outlet pipe 202, a heating control valve 3, a liquid level and temperature sensor 4, a high-pressure urea pump 5, a high-pressure urea common rail 6, a urea direct injection nozzle 7, an internal combustion engine body 8, an air inlet manifold 9, an exhaust manifold 10, a nitrogen oxide sensor 11, an ionic current sensor 12, an ionic current signal processing device 13, a closed-loop controller 14 and a high-pressure ionic current power supply device 15.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a closed-loop control system for nox emission of an internal combustion engine with in-cylinder ion current and urea injection, characterized by: the device comprises a urea box 1, a high-temperature water pipe 2, a heating control valve 3, a liquid level and temperature sensor 4, a high-pressure urea pump 5, a high-pressure urea common rail 6, a urea direct injection nozzle 7, an internal combustion engine body 8, an intake manifold 9, an exhaust manifold 10, a nitrogen oxide sensor 11, an ionic current sensor 12, an ionic current signal processing device 13 and a closed-loop controller 14.
The urea box 1 is positioned in a cabin of the internal combustion engine, the normal-pressure urea solution is filled in the urea box 1, and the temperature of the normal-pressure urea solution in the urea box 1 is maintained through a high-temperature heat source generated in the working process of the internal combustion engine.
The high-temperature water pipe 2 comprises a water inlet pipe 201 and a water outlet pipe 202. The water inlet pipe 201 and the water outlet pipe 202 are both installed on the urea box 1, wherein the water outlet pipe 202 is located below the water inlet pipe 201. The water in the high-temperature water pipe 2 exchanges heat with the internal combustion engine coolant, the water in the high-temperature water pipe 2 in the urea box 1 flows circularly, the water enters the water inlet pipe 201, and the water exits the water outlet pipe 202.
The heating control valve 3 is installed on the water inlet pipe 201, and can adjust the flow in the water inlet pipe 201. The heating control valve 3 is electrically connected to the closed-loop controller 14.
The liquid level and temperature sensor 4 is installed in the urea box 1, the liquid level and temperature sensor 4 collects liquid level and temperature data of normal pressure urea solution in the urea box 1, and inputs data signals to the closed-loop controller 14, the closed-loop controller 14 receives the data signals, through a PID closed-loop control strategy, when the liquid level and temperature sensor 4 measures that the current urea temperature in the urea box 1 is too low and crystallization risk exists, the closed-loop controller 14 outputs a control instruction to the heating control valve 3 by adjusting the duty ratio of output signals in the closed-loop controller 14 and matching different proportional coefficients, integral coefficients and differential coefficients, the heating control valve 3 is completely opened, high-temperature circulating water is used for heating the urea solution in the urea box 1, and when the liquid level and temperature sensor 4 measures that the current urea temperature in the urea box 1 reaches a target control temperature, the closed-loop controller 14 outputs a control instruction to the heating control valve 3 by adjusting the duty ratio of an output signal in the closed-loop controller 14 and matching with different proportionality coefficients, integral coefficients and differential coefficients, so as to completely close the heating control valve 3 and cut off high-temperature circulating water, thereby terminating the heating function. By the control method, the temperature of the urea solution in the urea box can be accurately controlled, so that adverse phenomena such as crystallization of the urea solution in the urea box are effectively avoided.
The high-pressure urea pump 5, the high-pressure urea common rail 6, the intake manifold 9 and the exhaust manifold 10 are all installed on the internal combustion engine body 8.
The high-pressure urea pump 5 is connected with the urea tank 1 through a first conduit. The high-pressure urea pump 5 is electrically connected with the closed-loop controller 14.
The high-pressure urea common rail 6 is connected with the high-pressure urea pump 5 through a second conduit. And a rail pressure sensor is arranged on the high-pressure urea common rail 6.
The urea direct injection nozzle 7 is located in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and is connected to the high-pressure urea common rail 6 through a third conduit. The urea direct injection nozzle 7 is electrically connected to the closed-loop controller 14.
The high-pressure urea pump 5 pressurizes the normal-pressure urea solution in the urea tank 1 to 15MPa, and then conveys and stores the normal-pressure urea solution in the high-pressure urea common rail 6.
The rail pressure sensor measures the pressure of the high-pressure urea common rail 6, a data signal is input to the closed-loop controller 14, the closed-loop controller 14 receives the data signal, when a target rail pressure value is lower than a current rail pressure value, a control instruction is output to the urea pump 5, the outlet flow of the urea pump 5 is cut off to reduce the current rail pressure value to enable the current rail pressure value to approach the target rail pressure value, when the target rail pressure value is higher than the current rail pressure value, a control instruction is output to the urea pump 5, the outlet flow of the urea pump 5 is increased to enable the current rail pressure value to reach the target rail pressure value, and the pressure adjustment of the high-pressure urea common rail 6 is achieved through the control of the outlet flow of the urea pump 5. The high-pressure urea common rail 6 is used for realizing the distribution of the urea solution injected by each cylinder, inhibiting the pressure fluctuation of the urea injection process and providing guarantee for the accurate control of the urea solution injection process.
When the high-pressure urea common rail 6 distributes the high-pressure urea solution to the urea direct injection nozzle 7, the closed-loop controller 14 outputs a peak hold voltage duty ratio command composed of 12V for a hold voltage and 60V for a peak voltage to the urea direct injection nozzle 7, controls the opening time and the pulse width of the urea direct injection nozzle 7 by adjusting the start time and the duration of the peak hold voltage duty ratio command, injects the high-pressure urea solution into the combustion chamber, and directly performs catalytic conversion in the cylinder during and after the combustion of the combustible gas mixture, thereby reducing nitrogen oxides during the operation of the internal combustion engine.
The ion current sensor 12 is installed in the internal combustion engine body 8.
The ion current sensor 12 monitors an ion current signal in the combustion chamber, and inputs monitoring data to the ion current signal processing device 13, and the ion current signal processing device 13 performs signal processing after receiving the ion current signal monitored by the ion current sensor 12, and extracts in-cylinder nitrogen oxide content information.
The ion current signal processing device 13 communicates the extracted in-cylinder nitrogen oxide content information with the closed-loop controller 14 through a CAN communication protocol, and outputs a signal to the closed-loop controller 14. The closed-loop controller 14 receives and processes the signal, when the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder is higher than the control threshold, the closed-loop controller 14 adjusts the injection control instruction, outputs the control instruction to the urea direct injection nozzle 7, controls the injection pulse width and the injection time of the urea direct injection nozzle 7, so that the real-time closed-loop control of the nitrogen oxide pollutants in the cylinder is realized, when the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder is lower than the control threshold, the closed-loop controller 14 adjusts the injection control instruction, the urea direct injection nozzle 7 is stopped from injecting the urea solution into the cylinder, and the excessive ammonia emission is avoided being generated in the exhaust emission.
The nox sensor 11 is mounted on the exhaust manifold 10.
Because the in-cylinder ion current signal is influenced by in-cylinder airflow movement, signal fluctuation is easy to generate, and the stability of the in-cylinder urea injection strategy is adversely affected. Therefore, the nitrogen oxide sensor 11 is adopted to perform low-frequency and near-steady-state monitoring on the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust manifold 10, and the collected nitrogen oxide concentration signal is input into the closed-loop controller 14, the closed-loop controller 14 receives and processes the nitrogen oxide concentration signal, corrects the in-cylinder real-time nitrogen oxide concentration parameter collected by the ion current sensor 12, optimally controls the injection pulse width and the injection time of the urea direct injection nozzle 7, ensures the optimization of the in-cylinder urea injection strategy, and ensures the reliability and the robustness of in-cylinder nitrogen oxide real-time generation data.
Furthermore, the first guide pipe, the second guide pipe and the third guide pipe are all heat-insulating pressure-resistant stainless steel pipes so as to guarantee the temperature of the urea solution in the spraying process and avoid crystallization.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1, a closed-loop control system for nox emission of an internal combustion engine with in-cylinder ion current and urea injection, characterized by: the device comprises a urea box 1, a high-temperature water pipe 2, a heating control valve 3, a liquid level and temperature sensor 4, a high-pressure urea pump 5, a high-pressure urea common rail 6, a urea direct injection nozzle 7, an internal combustion engine body 8, an intake manifold 9, an exhaust manifold 10, a nitrogen oxide sensor 11, an ionic current sensor 12, an ionic current signal processing device 13 and a closed-loop controller 14.
The urea box 1 is positioned in a cabin of the internal combustion engine, the normal-pressure urea solution is filled in the urea box 1, and the temperature of the normal-pressure urea solution in the urea box 1 is maintained through a high-temperature heat source generated in the working process of the internal combustion engine.
The high-temperature water pipe 2 comprises a water inlet pipe 201 and a water outlet pipe 202. The water inlet pipe 201 and the water outlet pipe 202 are both installed on the urea box 1, wherein the water outlet pipe 202 is located below the water inlet pipe 201. The water in the high-temperature water pipe 2 exchanges heat with the internal combustion engine coolant, the water in the high-temperature water pipe 2 in the urea box 1 flows circularly, the water enters the water inlet pipe 201, and the water exits the water outlet pipe 202.
The heating control valve 3 is installed on the water inlet pipe 201, and can adjust the flow in the water inlet pipe 201. The heating control valve 3 is electrically connected to the closed-loop controller 14.
The liquid level and temperature sensor 4 is installed in the urea box 1, the liquid level and temperature sensor 4 collects liquid level and temperature data of normal pressure urea solution in the urea box 1, and inputs data signals to the closed-loop controller 14, the closed-loop controller 14 receives the data signals, through a PID closed-loop control strategy, when the liquid level and temperature sensor 4 measures that the current urea temperature in the urea box 1 is too low and crystallization risk exists, the closed-loop controller 14 outputs a control instruction to the heating control valve 3 by adjusting the duty ratio of output signals in the closed-loop controller 14 and matching different proportional coefficients, integral coefficients and differential coefficients, the heating control valve 3 is completely opened, high-temperature circulating water is used for heating the urea solution in the urea box 1, and when the liquid level and temperature sensor 4 measures that the current urea temperature in the urea box 1 reaches a target control temperature, the closed-loop controller 14 outputs a control instruction to the heating control valve 3 by adjusting the duty ratio of an output signal in the closed-loop controller 14 and matching with different proportionality coefficients, integral coefficients and differential coefficients, so as to completely close the heating control valve 3 and cut off high-temperature circulating water, thereby terminating the heating function. By the control method, the temperature of the urea solution in the urea box can be accurately controlled, so that adverse phenomena such as crystallization of the urea solution in the urea box are effectively avoided.
The high-pressure urea pump 5, the high-pressure urea common rail 6, the intake manifold 9 and the exhaust manifold 10 are all installed on the internal combustion engine body 8.
The high-pressure urea pump 5 is connected with the urea tank 1 through a first conduit. The high-pressure urea pump 5 is electrically connected with the closed-loop controller 14.
The high-pressure urea common rail 6 is connected with the high-pressure urea pump 5 through a second conduit. And a rail pressure sensor is arranged on the high-pressure urea common rail 6.
The urea direct injection nozzle 7 is located in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and is connected to the high-pressure urea common rail 6 through a third conduit. The urea direct injection nozzle 7 is electrically connected to the closed-loop controller 14.
The high-pressure urea pump 5 pressurizes the normal-pressure urea solution in the urea tank 1 to 40MPa, and then conveys and stores the normal-pressure urea solution in the high-pressure urea common rail 6.
The rail pressure sensor measures the pressure of the high-pressure urea common rail 6, a data signal is input to the closed-loop controller 14, the closed-loop controller 14 receives the data signal, when a target rail pressure value is lower than a current rail pressure value, a control instruction is output to the urea pump 5, the outlet flow of the urea pump 5 is cut off to reduce the current rail pressure value to enable the current rail pressure value to approach the target rail pressure value, when the target rail pressure value is higher than the current rail pressure value, a control instruction is output to the urea pump 5, the outlet flow of the urea pump 5 is increased to enable the current rail pressure value to reach the target rail pressure value, and the pressure adjustment of the high-pressure urea common rail 6 is achieved through the control of the outlet flow of the urea pump 5. The high-pressure urea common rail 6 is used for realizing the distribution of the urea solution injected by each cylinder, inhibiting the pressure fluctuation of the urea injection process and providing guarantee for the accurate control of the urea solution injection process.
When the high-pressure urea common rail 6 distributes the high-pressure urea solution to the urea direct injection nozzle 7, the closed-loop controller 14 outputs a peak hold voltage duty ratio command composed of 12V for a hold voltage and 60V for a peak voltage to the urea direct injection nozzle 7, controls the opening time and the pulse width of the urea direct injection nozzle 7 by adjusting the start time and the duration of the peak hold voltage duty ratio command, injects the high-pressure urea solution into the combustion chamber, and directly performs catalytic conversion in the cylinder during and after the combustion of the combustible gas mixture, thereby reducing nitrogen oxides during the operation of the internal combustion engine.
The ion current sensor 12 is installed in the internal combustion engine body 8.
The ion current sensor 12 monitors an ion current signal in the combustion chamber, and inputs monitoring data to the ion current signal processing device 13, and the ion current signal processing device 13 performs signal processing after receiving the ion current signal monitored by the ion current sensor 12, and extracts in-cylinder nitrogen oxide content information.
The ion current signal processing device 13 communicates the extracted in-cylinder nitrogen oxide content information with the closed-loop controller 14 through a CAN communication protocol, and outputs a signal to the closed-loop controller 14. The closed-loop controller 14 receives and processes the signal, when the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder is higher than the control threshold, the closed-loop controller 14 adjusts the injection control instruction, outputs the control instruction to the urea direct injection nozzle 7, controls the injection pulse width and the injection time of the urea direct injection nozzle 7, so that the real-time closed-loop control of the nitrogen oxide pollutants in the cylinder is realized, when the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder is lower than the control threshold, the closed-loop controller 14 adjusts the injection control instruction, the urea direct injection nozzle 7 is stopped from injecting the urea solution into the cylinder, and the excessive ammonia emission is avoided being generated in the exhaust emission.
The nox sensor 11 is mounted on the exhaust manifold 10.
Because the in-cylinder ion current signal is influenced by in-cylinder airflow movement, signal fluctuation is easy to generate, and the stability of the in-cylinder urea injection strategy is adversely affected. Therefore, the nitrogen oxide sensor 11 is adopted to perform low-frequency and near-steady-state monitoring on the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust manifold 10, and the collected nitrogen oxide concentration signal is input into the closed-loop controller 14, the closed-loop controller 14 receives and processes the nitrogen oxide concentration signal, corrects the in-cylinder real-time nitrogen oxide concentration parameter collected by the ion current sensor 12, optimally controls the injection pulse width and the injection time of the urea direct injection nozzle 7, ensures the optimization of the in-cylinder urea injection strategy, and ensures the reliability and the robustness of in-cylinder nitrogen oxide real-time generation data.
Preferably, the first conduit, the second conduit and the third conduit are heat-insulating and pressure-resistant hoses so as to guarantee the temperature of the urea solution in the spraying process and avoid crystallization.
Example 3:
the structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and further includes a high-voltage ion current power supply device 15.
The high-voltage ion current power supply device 15 supplies power to the ion current sensor 12, and applies high voltage to the combustion chamber and the cylinder through the ion current sensor 12.
Further, the ion current signal processing device 13, the closed-loop controller 14 and the high-voltage ion current power supply device 15 are powered by a vehicle-mounted storage battery.
Further, during the operation of the internal combustion engine, the ion current sensor 12 acquires the generation condition of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder by detecting the ion current signal in the cylinder, and includes the following steps:
1) the high-voltage ion current power supply device 13 applies 50-300V direct-current voltage required by ion current detection to the combustion chamber and the cylinder body.
2) In the combustion process, the combustible mixed gas generates chemical ionization and thermal ionization reaction, and in the thermal ionization reaction stage, nitric oxide generated by the combustion of the combustible mixed gas reacts NO + E through a third bodyion↔NO++e-Production of NO+Ions. In which NO is nitric oxide, EionIonization energy, NO, supplied to the in-cylinder hot atmosphere+Is a nitric oxide ion, e-Is an electron.
3)NO+Ions and electrons move under the action of a directional electric field to form weak current in a detection circuit, a current signal is input into the ion current signal processing device 13 through the ion current sensor 12, and the ion current signal processing device 13 processes the signal and mainly processes the signalAnd filtering, amplifying, performing digital-to-analog conversion, integrating and processing by a characteristic value extraction and calculation method to obtain a concentration signal of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder.
Example 4:
the structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, referring to fig. 2, the closed-loop controller 14 mainly acquires the current cycle air-fuel ratio, the fuel injection/ignition time information, and the steady-state exhaust gas nitrogen oxide emission concentration data by collecting signals of a crankshaft position sensor, a camshaft position sensor, an intake pressure temperature sensor, and a tail gas steady-state nitrogen oxide sensor of the internal combustion engine, or directly reading the current operating state of the internal combustion engine from an original machine controller, and establishes an in-cylinder nitrogen oxide control model according to the chemical dynamics mechanism of the reaction of nitrogen oxide and ammonia gas, and generates a state function of nitrogen oxide as follows,
in the formula, y (NO)x) The correction coefficients of the in-cylinder fuel ratio, the ignition/oil injection time, the in-cylinder Ion current and the concentration of the tail gas emission nitrogen oxide which are obtained by the calibration of an engine bench test are respectively a, b, c and d, the correction coefficients are second-order matrixes determined by the rotation speed and the load of the engine together, lambda (phi) is the in-cylinder air-fuel ratio which changes along with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, T (phi) is the in-cylinder ignition/oil injection time which changes along with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, Ion (phi) is the in-cylinder Ion current signal which changes along with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, and emision is carried out-NOxIs the measured steady state nox emission concentration in the exhaust emissions.
The closed-loop controller 14 corrects the in-cylinder real-time nitrogen oxide concentration parameter acquired by the ionic current sensor 12 by combining the in-cylinder nitrogen oxide real-time generation data acquired by the ionic current signal processing device 13 and the nitrogen oxide concentration data detected by the nitrogen oxide sensor 11, the closed-loop controller 14 judges the nitrogen oxide concentration through a threshold value, and optimizes a control instruction to accurately adjust the injection pulse width and the injection time of the urea direct injection nozzle 7, so that the most efficient and optimized nitrogen oxide catalytic reduction control is realized, and meanwhile, the generation of unconventional emissions such as ammonia gas is effectively avoided.
Claims (10)
1. A closed-loop control system for nitrogen oxide emission of an internal combustion engine with in-cylinder ion current and urea injection is characterized in that: the device comprises a urea box (1), a high-temperature water pipe (2), a heating control valve (3), a liquid level and temperature sensor (4), a high-pressure urea pump (5), a high-pressure urea common rail (6), a urea direct injection nozzle (7), an internal combustion engine body (8), an air inlet manifold (9), an exhaust manifold (10), a nitrogen oxide sensor (11), an ionic current sensor (12), an ionic current signal processing device (13) and a closed-loop controller (14);
the high-temperature water pipe (2) is arranged on the urea box (1);
the heating control valve (3) is arranged on the high-temperature water pipe (2) and can adjust the flow in the high-temperature water pipe (2); the heating control valve (3) is electrically connected with the closed-loop controller (14);
the liquid level and temperature sensor (4) is arranged in the urea box (1);
the liquid level and temperature sensor (4) collects liquid level and temperature data of a normal-pressure urea solution in the urea box (1), and inputs data signals to the closed-loop controller (14), the closed-loop controller (14) receives the data signals, when the temperature of the urea solution is too low, the closed-loop controller (14) outputs control instructions to the heating control valve (3) by adjusting the duty ratio of output signals in the closed-loop controller (14) and matching with different proportional coefficients, integral coefficients and differential coefficients, and completely opens the heating control valve (3), when the temperature of the urea solution reaches a target control temperature, the closed-loop controller (14) outputs control instructions to the heating control valve (3) by adjusting the duty ratio of the output signals in the closed-loop controller (14) and matching with different proportional coefficients, integral coefficients and differential coefficients, completely closing the heating control valve (3);
the high-pressure urea pump (5) is connected with the urea box (1) through a first conduit; the high-pressure urea pump (5) is electrically connected with the closed-loop controller (14);
the high-pressure urea common rail (6) is connected with the high-pressure urea pump (5) through a second conduit; a rail pressure sensor is arranged on the high-pressure urea common rail (6);
the urea direct injection nozzle (7) is positioned in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and is connected with the high-pressure urea common rail (6) through a third conduit; the urea direct injection nozzle (7) is electrically connected with the closed-loop controller (14);
the high-pressure urea pump (5) pressurizes the normal-pressure urea solution in the urea box (1), conveys the pressurized normal-pressure urea solution and stores the pressurized normal-pressure urea solution in the high-pressure urea common rail (6);
the rail pressure sensor measures the pressure of the high-pressure urea common rail (6), a data signal is input into the closed-loop controller (14), the closed-loop controller (14) receives the data signal, when a target rail pressure value is lower than a current rail pressure value, a control instruction is output to the urea pump (5), the outlet flow of the urea pump (5) is cut off to reduce the current rail pressure value to enable the current rail pressure value to approach the target rail pressure value, when the target rail pressure value is higher than the current rail pressure value, a control instruction is output to the urea pump (5), and the outlet flow of the urea pump (5) is increased to enable the current rail pressure value to reach the target rail pressure value;
when the high-pressure urea common rail (6) distributes the high-pressure urea solution to the urea direct injection nozzle (7), the closed-loop controller (14) outputs a peak holding voltage duty ratio command to the urea direct injection nozzle (7), and controls the injection time and the injection pulse width of the urea direct injection nozzle (7) by adjusting the starting time and the duration of the peak holding voltage duty ratio command, so that the high-pressure urea solution is injected into a combustion chamber to perform catalytic conversion reaction;
the ion current sensor (12) is mounted in the internal combustion engine body (8);
the ion current sensor (12) monitors an ion current signal in a combustion chamber, monitoring data are input into the ion current signal processing device (13), and the ion current signal processing device (13) receives the ion current signal monitored by the ion current sensor (12) and then performs signal processing to extract the content information of nitrogen oxides in the cylinder;
the ion current signal processing device (13) communicates the extracted in-cylinder nitrogen oxide content information with the closed-loop controller (14) through a CAN communication protocol, and outputs a signal to the closed-loop controller (14); the closed-loop controller (14) receives the signal, when the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder is higher than a control threshold value, the closed-loop controller (14) adjusts an injection control command, outputs the control command to the urea direct injection nozzle (7), and controls the injection pulse width and the injection timing of the urea direct injection nozzle (7), when the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder is lower than the control threshold value, the closed-loop controller (14) adjusts the injection control command, outputs the control command to the urea direct injection nozzle (7), and stops the urea direct injection nozzle (7) from injecting the urea solution in the cylinder;
the nitrogen oxide sensor (11) is mounted on the exhaust manifold (10);
the nitrogen oxide sensor (11) monitors the concentration of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust manifold (10), and inputs the acquired nitrogen oxide concentration signal into the closed-loop controller (14), and the closed-loop controller (14) receives and processes the nitrogen oxide concentration signal, corrects in-cylinder real-time nitrogen oxide concentration data detected by the ion current sensor (12), and controls the injection pulse width and the injection time of the urea direct injection nozzle (7).
2. An in-cylinder ionic current and urea injected closed-loop control system for nitrogen oxide emissions from an internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a high voltage ionic current power supply (15);
the high-voltage ion current power supply device (15) supplies power to the ion current sensor (12), and high voltage is applied to a combustion chamber and a cylinder body through the ion current sensor (12).
3. The closed-loop control system for nox emission from an in-cylinder ion-current and urea injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the ion current signal processing device (13), the closed-loop controller (14) and the high-voltage ion current power supply device (15) are powered by a vehicle-mounted storage battery.
4. The closed-loop control system for nitrogen oxide emission of an internal combustion engine with in-cylinder ion current and urea injection as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that during the operation of the internal combustion engine, the ion current sensor (12) acquires the generation condition of nitrogen oxide in the cylinder by detecting the in-cylinder ion current signal, comprising the following steps:
1) the high-voltage ion current power supply device (15) applies direct-current voltage required by ion current detection to the combustion chamber and the cylinder body;
2) in the combustion process, the combustible mixed gas generates chemical ionization and thermal ionization reaction, and in the thermal ionization reaction stage, nitric oxide generated by the combustion of the combustible mixed gas reacts NO + E through a third bodyion↔NO++e-Production of NO+Ions;
3)NO+ions and electrons move under the action of a directional electric field to form weak current in a detection circuit, a current signal is input into the ion current signal processing device (13) through an ion current sensor (12), the ion current signal processing device (13) processes the signal, and the concentration signal of the nitrogen oxide in the cylinder is obtained after the signal is mainly processed by filtering, amplification, digital-to-analog conversion, integration and a characteristic value extraction and calculation method.
5. The closed-loop control system for nox emission from an in-cylinder ion-current and urea injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the closed-loop controller (14) acquires the current air-fuel ratio of circulation, the information of oil injection/ignition time and the steady-state tail gas nitrogen oxide emission concentration data mainly by collecting signals of a crankshaft position sensor, a camshaft position sensor, an air inlet pressure and temperature sensor and a tail gas steady-state nitrogen oxide sensor of the internal combustion engine or directly reading the current working state of the internal combustion engine from an original machine controller, establishes an in-cylinder nitrogen oxide control model according to the chemical dynamics mechanism of the reaction of nitrogen oxide and ammonia gas, and generates a state function of the nitrogen oxide as follows,
in the formula, y (NO)x) The correction coefficients of the in-cylinder fuel ratio, the ignition/oil injection time, the in-cylinder Ion current and the concentration of the tail gas emission nitrogen oxide which are obtained by the calibration of an engine bench test are respectively a, b, c and d, the correction coefficients are second-order matrixes determined by the rotation speed and the load of the engine together, lambda (phi) is the in-cylinder air-fuel ratio which changes along with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, T (phi) is the in-cylinder ignition/oil injection time which changes along with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, Ion (phi) is the in-cylinder Ion current signal which changes along with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, and emision is carried out-NOxIs the measured steady state nitrogen oxide emission concentration in the exhaust emissions;
and the closed-loop controller (14) corrects in-cylinder real-time nitrogen oxide concentration parameters acquired by the ionic current sensor (12) by combining in-cylinder nitrogen oxide real-time generation data acquired by the ionic current signal processing device (13) and nitrogen oxide concentration data detected by the nitrogen oxide sensor (11), and outputs a control command to adjust the injection pulse width and the injection time of the urea direct injection nozzle (7).
6. The closed-loop control system for nox emission from an in-cylinder ionic current and urea injected internal combustion engine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the first conduit, the second conduit and the third conduit are all heat-insulating pressure-resistant stainless steel pipes or hoses.
7. The closed-loop control system for nox emission from an in-cylinder ionic current and urea injected internal combustion engine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure urea pump (5), the high-pressure urea common rail (6), the intake manifold (9) and the exhaust manifold (10) are all arranged on the internal combustion engine body (8).
8. The closed-loop control system for nox emission from an in-cylinder ionic current and urea injected internal combustion engine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature water pipe (2) comprises a water inlet pipe (201) and a water outlet pipe (202); the water inlet pipe (201) and the water outlet pipe (202) are both arranged on the urea box (1), wherein the water outlet pipe (202) is positioned below the water inlet pipe (201); the water in the high-temperature water pipe (2) exchanges heat with the cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine, the water in the high-temperature water pipe (2) in the urea box (1) flows in a circulating mode, the water enters the water inlet pipe (201), and the water exits from the water outlet pipe (202);
the heating control valve (3) is installed on the water inlet pipe (201).
9. The closed-loop control system for nox emission from an in-cylinder ionic current and urea injected internal combustion engine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the urea box (1) is positioned in a cabin of the internal combustion engine, and the temperature of the normal-pressure urea solution in the urea box (1) is maintained through a high-temperature heat source generated in the working process of the internal combustion engine.
10. The closed-loop control system for nox emission from an in-cylinder ionic current and urea injected internal combustion engine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the urea pump (5) pressurizes the normal-pressure urea solution within the range of 15-40 MPa.
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