CN109878075B - Method for scanning and processing by adopting continuously variable light spots in 3D printing - Google Patents
Method for scanning and processing by adopting continuously variable light spots in 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN109878075B CN109878075B CN201910199512.8A CN201910199512A CN109878075B CN 109878075 B CN109878075 B CN 109878075B CN 201910199512 A CN201910199512 A CN 201910199512A CN 109878075 B CN109878075 B CN 109878075B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a method for scanning and processing by adopting continuously variable light spots in 3D printing. The method comprises the following steps: setting the maximum light spot radius and the minimum light spot radius of laser scanning processing aiming at a single slice layer in 3D printing, and dividing a region to be scanned into a first region, a second region and a third region, wherein the first region adopts minimum light spot scanning processing, and the second region adopts maximum light spot scanning processing; and the third area is gradually compensated, the area is gradually scanned by gradually increasing the scanning radius of the light spot, so that the scanning processing of the area is realized, and the continuous change is carried out according to the gradual increase or decrease of the radius of the light spot in the scanning process of each area, so that the continuous variable light spot scanning processing is realized. By the invention, the scanning and filling times are reduced, the molding efficiency is improved, and the local overheating and solidification of the product are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a method for scanning and processing by adopting continuously variable light spots in 3D printing.
Background
The 3D printing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology that has been emerging in recent years, and at present, the 3D printing technology mainly includes a photocuring method, a selective laser sintering method, a fused deposition method, and the like, wherein the principle of the photocuring 3D printing technology is that a computer controls a laser to emit laser with specific intensity to scan the surface of liquid photosensitive resin in a certain path, a resin thin layer in a scanned area is subjected to photopolymerization reaction to be cured to form a thin layer of a printed piece, then a workbench moves downwards for a certain distance, a new layer of liquid resin is laid on the surface of the cured resin, and the next layer of scanning processing is performed, and the steps are repeated until the manufacturing of the whole printed piece is completed.
In the photocuring 3D printing process, the forming efficiency and the surface quality are always important and difficult points of research, and the printing process and the scanning path are important factors influencing the surface quality and the forming efficiency of products. In the existing processing process of photocuring rapid prototyping, a printing process method using large light spots and small light spots is commonly used to improve the efficiency of printing prototyping, and in chinese patent specification CN102229245A, a photocuring rapid prototyping method using a variable light spot process is disclosed, wherein the external profile of an entity is scanned by the small light spots, and the large light spots are filled in the entity at a large interval, so that the filling scanning times are reduced, and the printing efficiency is improved. However, the patent of the invention does not mention the path scheme of the variable light spot, and the scanning filling defect occurring in the variable light spot scanning process cannot be effectively solved. When the large light spot is used for filling a thin-wall area or a convex angle area, the light spot exceeds a scanning area of an outer contour due to overlarge light spot, so that the surface of an object is uneven, the surface quality of a machining model cannot be ensured, and an area which is not scanned by the large light spot occurs when the large light spot is used for scanning the outer contour, so that a gap is generated during filling, and the high-quality requirement of parts cannot be met.
The invention discloses a three-dimensional printing large light spot scanning path generation method in Chinese patent CN103894608A, which comprises the steps of carrying out small light spot radius offset on a current scanning outline boundary to obtain a small light spot scanning outline, then carrying out small light spot radius offset for one time to obtain an inner outline boundary, finally obtaining a large light spot scanning filling area by offsetting a large light spot radius with an inner outline, finding out the non-scanning areas by Boolean operation for the non-scanning areas generated by large light spot outline scanning, and then carrying out small light spot parallel scanning filling. Most of unfilled areas obtained by Boolean operation belong to convex angle long and narrow areas, a large amount of steering and skip can be met when small light spots are used for parallel scanning filling, the scanning efficiency is reduced, and the long and narrow areas are scanned, so that the local temperature is too high to cause over-solidification, and the surface quality of products is affected.
Therefore, after the variable light spot printing process is introduced, how to ensure that the area which is not scanned by the large light spot is effectively processed, and the optimal efficiency is achieved, and the high quality requirement of the part is met is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a method for scanning and processing continuously variable light spots in 3D printing, wherein a single slice layer is divided into three areas to be processed respectively, wherein the continuous processing is carried out by gradually increasing the radius of the light spots or gradually reducing the radius of the light spots, the gradual change of the light spots is realized according to a step-by-step compensation mode for processing the third area in the process, the third area is fully scanned, the non-scanned area is reduced, compared with the traditional fixed light spot rapid forming method, the scanning and filling times are reduced, the forming efficiency is improved, and the local overheating and solidification of products are avoided.
To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for processing with continuously variable spot scanning in 3D printing, comprising the steps of:
setting a maximum spot radius Rmax and a minimum spot radius Rmin of laser scanning processing aiming at a single slice layer in 3D printing, and dividing a region to be scanned in the slice layer into a first region, a second region and a third region, wherein the first region is processed by adopting minimum spot scanning, and the second region is processed by adopting maximum spot scanning;
for the outer contour Ci of the area to be scanned, the minimum spot radius Rmin is inwards offset to obtain a scanning path L1 of the first area, the minimum radius Rmin is continuously offset from the scanning path L1 to obtain an inner boundary L2 of the first area, and the area between the outer contour and the inner boundary L2 is the first area; a scanning path L3 of the second region is obtained by inwards offsetting the maximum radius Rmax from the inner boundary L2, the laser scans from the scanning path L3, namely, the scanning path L3 is outwards offset Rmax to obtain an outer boundary L5 after the maximum spot scanning, and the region inside the outer boundary is the second region; the region between the first region and the second region is the third region;
the processing method for the third area is carried out according to the following steps:
(a) taking a scanning path L1 of the first area as a starting position;
(b) setting an offset distance Dj and a light spot scanning radius Rxj, inwards offsetting Dj from the initial position to obtain a boundary Pj, continuing inwards offsetting Rx from the boundary Pj to obtain a light spot scanning path Xj along which the light spot is scanned;
(c) j + +, and repeating step (b) with the scan path Xj-1 as a starting position until the Rxj is not less than the maximum spot radius Rmax or the apex of the scan path of the spot is within the second region.
2. The method for processing by adopting the continuously variable spot scanning in the 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the value range of Rxj is between the maximum spot radius Rmax and the minimum spot radius Rmin.
Further preferably, the Rxj takes values according to the following relationship: rxj, where Rx0 is Rmin, R, m is a multiple and j is an integer, m × Rxj-1.
Further preferably, Dj is preferably taken according to the following relationship: dj is f × Rxj-1.
Further preferably, the laser scanning processing sequence in the region to be scanned is a first region, a third region and a second region or a second region, a third region and a first region in sequence, so as to realize continuous change of the spot radius from small to large or from large to small.
Further preferably, the second region is preferably processed by scanning in a parallel scanning filling manner.
Further preferably, the maximum spot radius Rmax is not more than 0.4mm, and the minimum spot radius Rmin is not less than 0.04 mm.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. in a processing scanning path for carrying out layer-by-layer accumulation forming by using variable-spot laser forming equipment, in consideration of the characteristics of variable spots, large spots exist in an area which can not be scanned, and then the scanning contour lines of continuous variable spots are realized through a group of gradually-changed compensation contours to furthest make up for the area which is not scanned by the large spots;
2. compared with the existing method for carrying out small-spot parallel scanning on a third area, the method reduces the process that in the parallel scanning process, when the laser jumps to the next parallel line for scanning along one parallel line in the long and narrow area, the speed is reduced firstly, and the speed is turned to be accelerated secondly, and the process faces a large amount of turning and skip;
3. the invention relates to a method for scanning a variable light spot, which comprises the steps of increasing a third area due to the fact that the radius of a large light spot is too large, and increasing the scanning efficiency of the small light spot due to the fact that the radius of the large light spot is larger and the third area is also larger due to the fact that a group of gradually-changed compensation contour lines can be obtained to quickly fill the unscanned area of the large light spot after a continuous variable light spot path is realized, and the related research in the prior art is that the third area is scanned in parallel by the small light spot, if the large light spot is excessively large, the scanning efficiency of the variable light spot is reduced due to the fact that the third area is filled by the group of light spots larger than the small light spot, compared with the method for filling the small light spot independently, the scanning efficiency is improved by the advantages of the variable light spot, the number of internal scanning filling lines is reduced, and the filling efficiency of the variable light spots is further improved;
4. the invention makes the radius of the facula change from small to large or from large to small in the scanning process, the displacement changes continuously when the beam expander is adjusted, namely the radius of the facula changes continuously, the change of the facula size is controlled by the movement of the facula axis in consideration of the movement mechanism of the device for emitting laser, the existing facula changing process only considers the small facula and the large facula, does not utilize other facula between the minimum facula axis position and the maximum facula axis position, the invention carries out scanning compensation by using the facula with other sizes between the small facula and the large facula without changing the original facula changing the device of the facula, maximizes the utilization of the existing device to make the facula with the maximum facula and the minimum facula direct use, generates a group of gradually changing compensation facula contour lines, the mechanical movement stroke of the light spot shaft cannot be increased in the printing process, so that the processing efficiency is maximized.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process using continuously variable spot scanning constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a third region constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a scanning configuration employing a primary compensation spot constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an enlarged partial view of a scan using a primary compensation spot constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The existing variable-light-spot photocuring rapid forming method can use a larger light spot to scan and fill in a filling area by changing the size of the light spot, compared with the traditional fixed-light-spot rapid forming method, the scanning and filling times are reduced, the forming efficiency is improved, however, some unscanned areas can appear when the large light spot is used for carrying out contour scanning, the large light spot path is improperly processed to cause that the light spot is overlarge and exceeds the scanning area of an outer contour, the surface of an object is uneven, the small light spot is used for carrying out parallel scanning on the narrow and long areas to meet a large number of rotation and idle jump, and the local temperature is easily overhigh to cause over-curing.
In view of the above drawbacks or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for generating a continuously variable spot path by scanning, which fully considers the characteristics of variable spot scanning and the cross-sectional profile characteristics of a processing model, and according to the characteristics of variable spots, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a third region constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the first region of the profile of the outermost layer of an entity is scanned with a minimum spot, the second region of the interior of the entity is scanned and filled with a maximum spot, and the third region between the profile of a large spot and the profile of a small spot, the gray region in fig. 2, is offset by a set radius coefficient of a compensation path to obtain a set of gradually variable spots, where j is 0,1,2, …, n, sequentially corresponds to a first-level compensation spot, a second-level compensation spot, …, n-level compensation spots, so as to realize a continuously variable spot profile scanning, therefore, the original large light spot contour non-scanned area is scanned and filled, and the new scanning path method is completed.
And for the generated n-level compensation spots Rxn, the value of Rmin < Rxn < Rmax is selected preferentially. Specifically, in the present invention, a compensation path radius coefficient m is set, where Rx0 is Rmin, Rxn is mxrxn-1, and 1< m < Rmax/Rmin. The reason is that the existing variable-spot equipment adjusts the spot size by controlling the distance of mechanical movement of a spot shaft, the switching time of the spots is related to the shaft movement stroke, the values of a group of gradually-changed compensation spots are all between the minimum spot and the maximum spot, and the mechanical movement stroke of the spot shaft of the original variable spot is not increased in the scanning process by a gradually-changed scanning processing mode of enabling the spot size to be gradually reduced from large to small or from small to large.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for generating a continuously variable spot path scan, and fig. 1 is a flowchart of a processing method using a continuously variable spot scan according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, specifically as follows:
inputting a slice file of a model to be processed, and referring to fig. 3, which is a structural schematic diagram for scanning by using primary compensation light spots constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, a maximum light spot radius, a maximum light spot filling pitch, a minimum light spot radius, a compensation path overlap factor, and a compensation path radius coefficient, where the maximum light spot radius is denoted as Rmax, the minimum light spot radius is denoted as Rmin, the compensation path overlap factor is denoted as f, and the compensation path radius coefficient is m, and profile data of n layers can be obtained according to the slice file, and the i-th layer is denoted as a current slice layer, and a profile curve thereof is Ci.
Biasing Ci to obtain a small light spot contour scanning path, and marking the path as L1, continuously biasing L1 to obtain an inner contour boundary after the small light spot is scanned, and marking the inner contour boundary as L2, wherein a region between the inner contour and Ci is a first region;
a contour scanning path of the large light spot is obtained by offsetting Rmax from the obtained L2 and is marked as L3, a scanning outer boundary L5 of the light spot is obtained by offsetting Rmax outwards from the laser along the scanning path L3, the scanning inner boundary after the large light spot is scanned is obtained by continuously offsetting Rmax from L3 and is marked as L4, a region within the outer boundary L5 is a second region, and the large light spot is scanned in parallel in the second region;
fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a scan using a primary compensation spot constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the region between the first region and the second region is a third region compensated by the following continuously variable spot scan path:
(1) let j equal to 0, Rxj be the j-th compensation spot radius, Rxj equal to Rmin. A boundary Pj is obtained by inwardly offsetting Dj from the scanning path of the first region, Rx is further inwardly offset from the boundary Pj to obtain a scanning path Xj of the light spot, and an inner contour boundary Qj is obtained by inwardly offsetting Rxj from the scanning path Xj, wherein L1 is Pj, and L2 is Qj.
(2) Circulation conditions are as follows: and (3) judging whether Rxj is greater than or equal to Rmax or whether the vertex of Qj (the inner contour boundary of the scanning path of Rxj) is in the outer contour scanning boundary of the large facula, if so, jumping to the step (4), and if not, jumping to the step (3).
(3) And j + +, obtaining an offset distance Dj required by the compensation path by using the compensation path overlapping factor f, namely Dj is f × Rxj-1, Qj-1 offsets the Dj distance to obtain a compensation path outer contour boundary Pj, obtaining a compensation light spot Rxj by using a compensation light spot radius coefficient m, namely Rxj is m × Rxj-1, continuously offsetting Rxj the Pj to obtain a j-th-level compensation light spot contour scanning line, recording the j-th-level compensation light spot contour scanning line as Xj, and continuously offsetting Rxj the Xj to obtain an inner contour boundary Qj after the compensation light spot Xj is scanned. And (4) jumping to the step (2).
(4) And obtaining a group of gradually changed light spot contour lines, finishing the generation of the continuous variable light spot scanning path, finishing the layer, updating the value i, and obtaining the slice of the ith layer as the current layer.
i + +1, repeating the above steps for other slice layers, and obtaining the scanning paths of all slice layers.
The paths of the continuously variable light spots are partially overlapped, because according to the distribution situation of the energy density of the light spots, a path overlapping factor is usually required to be set, and the path overlapping factor is used for compensating the fact that the energy density at the periphery of the light spots is lower than the energy density at the inside of the light spots, so that the uneven distribution of the energy of the light spots is repaired.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for processing by adopting continuous variable light spot scanning in 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting a maximum spot radius Rmax and a minimum spot radius Rmin of laser scanning processing aiming at a single slice layer in 3D printing, and dividing a region to be scanned in the slice layer into a first region, a second region and a third region, wherein the first region is processed by adopting minimum spot scanning, and the second region is processed by adopting maximum spot scanning;
for the outer contour Ci of the area to be scanned, the minimum spot radius Rmin is inwards offset to obtain a scanning path L1 of the first area, the minimum radius Rmin is continuously offset from the scanning path L1 to obtain an inner boundary L2 of the first area, and the area between the outer contour and the inner boundary L2 is the first area; a scanning path L3 of the second region is obtained by inwards offsetting the maximum radius Rmax from the inner boundary L2, the laser scans from the scanning path L3, namely, the scanning path L3 is outwards offset Rmax to obtain an outer boundary L5 after the maximum spot scanning, and the region inside the outer boundary is the second region; the region between the first region and the second region is the third region;
the processing method for the third area is carried out according to the following steps:
(a) taking a scanning path L1 of the first area as a starting position;
(b) setting an offset distance Dj and a light spot scanning radius Rxj, inwards offsetting Dj from the initial position to obtain a boundary Pj, continuing inwards offsetting Rx from the boundary Pj to obtain a light spot scanning path Xj along which the light spot is scanned;
(c) j + +, repeating step (b) with the scan path Xj as a starting position until the Rxj is not less than the maximum spot radius Rmax or the apex of the scan path of the spot is within the second region.
2. The method for processing by adopting the continuously variable spot scanning in the 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the value range of Rxj is between the maximum spot radius Rmax and the minimum spot radius Rmin.
3. A method of processing by continuous variable spot scanning in 3D printing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Rxj takes on values according to the following relation: rxj is m × Rxj-1, Rx0 is Rmin, m is multiple, j is integer.
4. The method for processing by adopting the continuously variable light spot scanning in the 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Dj takes values according to the following relation: dj is f × Rxj-1, f compensates for the path overlap factor.
5. The method for processing by adopting the continuously variable light spot scanning in the 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the laser scanning processing in the area to be scanned is sequentially a first area, a third area and a second area or the second area, the third area and the first area, and the continuous change of the radius of the light spot from small to large or from large to small is realized.
6. The method for processing by using the continuous variable light spot scanning in the 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second area is processed by scanning in a parallel scanning filling mode.
7. The method for processing by using the continuous variable spot scanning in the 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maximum spot radius Rmax is not more than 0.4mm, and the minimum spot radius Rmin is not less than 0.04 mm.
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| CN113547745A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-26 | 上海复志信息技术有限公司 | Photocuring printer display device, 3D printer, control method and device and electronic device |
| CN114131050B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-07-08 | 深圳市华阳新材料科技有限公司 | Unsupported 3D printing method |
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