CN109870406B - Method and system for testing adhesive force of material surface coating - Google Patents
Method and system for testing adhesive force of material surface coating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for testing the adhesive force of a coating on the surface of a material. The design of the invention realizes the rapid and accurate measurement of the adhesive force of the material surface coating under different temperature rise rates and temperatures, and the temperature rise rate is adjustable. The system comprises an adhesion tester force loading spindle, a fixed table top, a plurality of adapter plates, a first thermal imager, a second thermal imager and a heating light source, and the invention aims at being realized through the following abstract steps: 1) manufacturing a plurality of samples to be tested; 2) calibrating the temperature curve and the temperature balance time of the lower coating surface with different heating parameters through any sample to be tested; 3) and (5) carrying out coating adhesion detection on the rest samples to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of physical testing methods, and relates to a method and a system for testing the adhesive force of a material surface coating.
Background
Metals, composite materials, and the like are widely used in various fields, wherein the surface is coated in many fields, and the application under high temperature conditions is also involved in some occasions. Through a coating adhesion test at high temperature, the change condition of the adhesion characteristic of the coating on the surface of the material under a specific working condition can be simulated, and references are provided for coating damage mechanism research, performance optimization, process improvement and the like. The existing methods for testing the adhesion characteristics of the coating mainly comprise a scratching method, a marking method, an indentation method, a pulling method and the like, and the methods have various advantages and are mainly used for testing the adhesion of the coating at normal temperature. For testing the adhesive force of the coating at different temperatures, the existing method adopts a method that a sample is placed in a high-temperature furnace to be heated and is taken out for testing after long-time heat balance.
However, the existing method has low temperature rise rate, the coating can be modified by long-time heating, and the characteristics of the coating under the high temperature rise rate cannot be represented; meanwhile, the temperature of the sample is continuously reduced in the processes of taking out and testing, so that the actual testing temperature is lower than the set temperature, and the testing precision is poor and unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a system and a method for testing the adhesive force of a material surface coating, which adopt a non-contact heating mode to realize the quick and accurate measurement of the adhesive force of the material surface coating under different temperature rise rates and temperatures, and the temperature rise rate is adjustable.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for testing the adhesion of a coating on the surface of a material, which comprises the following steps:
1) manufacturing a plurality of samples to be tested;
1.1) cutting the substrate into a regular shape, and defining the upper surface of the substrate as a coating surface of a sample to be detected; the lower surface of the substrate is a first heating surface of a sample to be detected; the side wall is a second heating surface of the sample to be detected;
1.2) processing the first heating surface and the second heating surface to form a plurality of uniformly distributed pits on the surfaces of the first heating surface and the second heating surface;
1.3) spraying a high-temperature resistant absorption coating on the first heating surface and the second heating surface;
1.4) spraying a coating to be detected on the surface of the coating to manufacture a sample to be detected;
1.5) adopting the steps 1.1-1.4 to manufacture a plurality of samples to be tested;
2) calibrating the temperature curve and the temperature balance time of the coating surface under different heating parameters;
2.1) selecting any sample to be tested and fixing the sample;
2.2) adhering an adhesion force tester force loading spindle on the coating surface of the sample to be tested;
2.3) continuously heating the first heating surface and the second heating surface of the sample to be measured through a heating light source, and measuring the temperatures of the first heating surface and the coating surface by using two thermal imagers respectively so as to obtain a temperature curve and temperature balance time of the coating surface;
2.4) adjusting the output power of the heating light source to obtain a coating surface temperature curve and temperature balance time under different heating parameter conditions;
the temperature balance time is the maximum temperature T of the coating surfacemaxThe time required to stabilize;
the judgment of the temperature balance time is based on that the temperature deviations of the coating surface and the first heating surface meet the experimental requirements;
the temperature deviation is less than 5% Tmax；
3) Detecting the adhesive force of the coating on other samples to be detected;
3.1) adhering an adhesion force tester force loading spindle on the coating surface of the sample to be tested;
3.2) setting the output power and the light emitting time of a heating light source according to a temperature curve obtained by calibration, continuously heating the first heating surface and the second heating surface, respectively measuring the temperature distribution of the first heating surface and the coating surface by adopting two thermal imagers, and monitoring and recording temperature signals in real time by a data acquisition instrument;
and when the measured temperature deviations of the coating surface and the first heating surface are smaller than the specified amplitude, starting the adhesion tester to test the adhesion of the coating, wherein the obtained adhesion value is the adhesion under the current set condition.
Further, the heating light source comprises a laser or a quartz lamp array.
The point to be explained here is:
if the sample to be detected is a metal material or a composite material with a metal substrate, the sample to be detected does not need to be subjected to surface treatment and sprayed with a high-temperature-resistant absorption coating, and the sample to be detected can be directly heated by the electromagnetic induction heating device.
Further, the specific processing method in the step 1.2) is sand blasting, but is not limited to the sand blasting.
Further, the material of the 1.3) high temperature resistant laser absorbing coating is graphite, but is not limited to graphite material.
Further, the regular shape is a square or a circle.
Based on the above method, the present invention also provides a test system for implementing the method, the test system comprising: the adhesion tester comprises an adhesion tester force loading spindle, a fixed table top, a plurality of adapter plates, a first thermal imager, a second thermal imager and a heating light source;
the middle part of the fixed table surface is provided with a through hole matched with the shape of the sample to be tested; the sample to be tested is square or round, the upper surface of the sample to be tested is a coating surface, the lower surface of the sample to be tested is a first heating surface, and the side wall of the sample to be tested is a second heating surface;
one end of each adapter plate is fixedly connected with the sample to be tested, and the other end of each adapter plate is connected with the fixed table board, so that the sample to be tested is fixed right below the through hole;
the heating light source is used for heating the sample to be tested;
the force loading spindle of the adhesion tester is fixedly adhered to the coating surface of the tested sample and is positioned at the center of the coating surface of the tested sample;
the first thermal imager is arranged above the tested sample and used for detecting the temperature of the coating surface of the tested sample;
and the second thermal imager is arranged below the tested sample and used for detecting the temperature of the first heating surface of the tested sample.
Further, the heating light source comprises a laser or a quartz lamp array.
The point to be explained here is:
if the sample to be detected is a metal material or a composite material with a metal substrate, the sample to be detected does not need to be subjected to surface treatment and sprayed with a high-temperature-resistant absorption coating, and the sample to be detected can be directly heated by the electromagnetic induction heating device.
Furthermore, in order to improve the heating efficiency of the heating light source and enable the temperature of the sample to be tested to reach uniform balance more quickly, the system further comprises total reflection mirrors, wherein the total reflection mirrors are installed around the sample to be tested and used for reflecting the heating light emitted by the heating light source to the side wall of the sample to be tested, the total reflection mirrors are in an annular cone shape when the sample to be tested is in a circular shape, and the total reflection mirrors are four and are respectively positioned in the front, the back, the left and the right directions of the sample to be tested when the sample to be tested is in a square shape.
Furthermore, in order to avoid the influence of the unabsorbed heating light on the connecting wires in the system, the system further comprises a light barrier, and the light barrier is installed between the total reflection mirror and the sample to be detected and used for absorbing the heating light leaking out of the sample to be detected and the total reflection mirror.
Furthermore, the first heating surface and the second heating surface are both sprayed with graphite materials.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is based on a drawing method, adopts a non-contact heating mode, realizes the rapid and accurate measurement of the material surface coating adhesive force under different temperature rise rates and temperatures, has adjustable temperature rise rate, and avoids the problems of long time consumption, unstable temperature and the like caused by the prior method that the material surface coating adhesive force is heated in a heating furnace and then tested.
2. The system of the invention has simple structure, easy construction and convenient operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a system for testing adhesion of a coating on a material surface;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a sample being tested being mounted on a mounting table;
fig. 3 is a plan view of the test specimen fixed to the fixing table.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1-loading spindle by force of adhesion tester; 2-fixing the table top; 3-an adapter plate and 4-a first thermal imager; 5-a second thermal imager; 6-heating light; 7-a sample to be tested; 8-coating the surface; 9-a first heating surface; 10-square through holes; 11-a total reflection mirror; 12-a light barrier; 13-threaded blind holes; 14-fastening screws.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Referring to fig. 1, firstly, in the embodiment, a set of test system is constructed, which includes an adhesion tester force loading spindle 1, a fixed table 2, a plurality of adapter plates 3, a first thermal imager 4, a second thermal imager 5 and a heating light source;
the heating light source can be a laser or a quartz lamp array; in this example, the heating light source is a laser.
The sample 7 to be tested is square or round, in this example, the sample 7 to be tested is square; the upper surface of the square sample 7 to be tested is a coating surface 8, the lower surface is a first heating surface 9, the side wall is a second heating surface, and graphite materials are sprayed on the first heating surface 9 and the second heating surface.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a square through hole 10 matched with the square sample to be tested in shape is formed in the middle of the fixed table top 2 (the side length of the square through hole is slightly larger than that of the sample to be tested); one end of each adapter plate 3 is fixedly connected with a sample 7 to be tested, and the other end of each adapter plate is connected with the fixed table board 2 (the two sides of the adapter plates are fixed in a threaded connection mode), so that the sample 7 to be tested is fixed under the through hole 10;
the laser is used for providing heating light 6 to a sample 7 to be tested;
the adhesion tester force loading spindle 1 is fixedly adhered to the coating surface 8 of the tested sample and is positioned in the middle of the coating surface 8 of the tested sample;
the first thermal imager 4 is arranged above the tested sample 7 and used for detecting the temperature of the coating surface 8 of the tested sample; the second thermal imager 5 is arranged below the tested sample 7 and used for detecting the temperature of the first heating surface 9 in the tested sample (the first thermal imager 4 and the second thermal imager 5 both have online temperature measurement capability).
Based on the basic structure, the system also optimizes the following steps:
1. in order to improve the heating efficiency of the laser and enable the temperature of the sample to be tested to reach uniform balance more quickly, the system further comprises a total reflection mirror 11, wherein the total reflection mirror 11 is arranged around the sample to be tested 7 and used for reflecting the laser to the side wall (namely the second heating surface) of the sample to be tested; when the sample to be detected is round, the total reflection mirror is in a ring cone shape, and when the sample to be detected is square, the total reflection mirror is four and is respectively positioned in the front, the rear, the left and the right directions of the sample to be detected.
2. In order to avoid the influence of the unabsorbed laser light on the connecting wires in the system, the system further comprises a light barrier 12, wherein the light barrier 12 is installed between the total reflection mirror 11 and the sample 7 to be tested and is used for absorbing the laser light leaking out of the sample 7 to be tested and the total reflection mirror 11. The light barrier 12 is made of a material resistant to laser ablation, in this case a graphite material.
Based on the test system in this embodiment, a method for performing a material surface coating adhesion test by using the system will now be described in detail:
step 1) manufacturing a plurality of samples 7 to be tested;
step 1.1) cutting the substrate into squares (the side length of the squares after cutting is more than 2 times of the diameter of the force loading spindle 1 of the adhesion tester, so as to ensure that enough space is reserved on the surface of the sample 7 to be tested for measuring the coating temperature and fixing the sample to be tested when the force loading spindle 1 of the adhesion tester is bonded in the middle of the sample 7 to be tested), and defining the upper surface of the substrate as a coating surface 8; the lower surface of the substrate is a first heating surface 9 of a sample to be detected; the side wall is a second heating surface of the sample to be detected;
step 1.2) performing surface treatment (in the embodiment, the treatment mode is sand blasting, but is not limited to sand blasting) on the first heating surface 9 and the second heating surface, so that a plurality of uniformly distributed small pits are formed on the first heating surface 9 and the second heating surface, and the problem of damage of a high-temperature-resistant laser absorption coating caused by difference of thermal expansion coefficients is solved;
step 1.3) spraying a high-temperature-resistant laser absorption coating (graphite is used as the high-temperature-resistant laser absorption coating in the embodiment, but not limited to graphite) on the laser absorption surface 9;
step 1.4) spraying a coating to be tested on the surface of the coating to manufacture a sample to be tested;
step 1.5) adopting the steps 1.1-1.4) to manufacture a plurality of samples 7 to be tested;
step 2) installing any one sample 7 to be tested on the test system;
step 2.1) forming threaded blind holes 13 in four corners of the sample 7 to be tested, and fixing the sample 7 to be tested on the adapter plate 3 which is high temperature resistant and low in heat conductivity by using fastening screws 14;
step 2.2) fixing the sample 7 to be tested on the fixed table top 2 through the adapter plate 3;
step 3) calibrating the temperature curve and the temperature balance time of the coating surface under different heating parameters;
step 3.1) adhering an adhesion force tester force loading spindle 1 on the coating surface 8 of the sample to be tested;
step 3.2) homogenizing and shaping the laser 6 emitted by the laser, continuously heating the first heating surface 9 and the second heating surface of the sample to be detected, and measuring the temperatures of the first heating surface 9 and the coating surface by using a second thermal imager and a first thermal imager respectively so as to obtain a temperature curve and temperature balance time of the coating surface;
step 3.3) adjusting the laser power density to obtain a coating surface temperature curve and temperature balance time under different heating parameters;
temperature curve maximum temperature T of coating surface under certain laser power PmaxThe time required to stabilize; whether the temperature condition is met or not is judged according to the condition that the temperature deviations of the coating surface and the first heating surface 9 are smaller than a specified value; preferably, the temperature deviation is less than 5% Tmax；
Step 4) carrying out coating adhesion detection on the rest samples 7 to be detected;
step 4.1) installing the sample 7 to be tested into the test system according to the step 2);
step 4.2) adhering and attaching a force measuring tester force loading spindle 1 on the coating surface of the sample 7 to be measured;
step 4.3) setting laser output power and irradiation time according to a temperature curve obtained by calibration, continuously heating the first heating surface 9 and the second heating surface of the sample to be tested by using laser, respectively measuring the temperature distribution of the first heating surface 9 and the coating surface 8 of the sample to be tested by using two thermal imagers, and monitoring and recording temperature signals in real time by using a data acquisition instrument;
and when the measured temperature deviations of the coating surface 8 and the first heating surface 9 are smaller than the specified range, starting the adhesion tester to test the adhesion of the coating, wherein the obtained adhesion value is the adhesion under the current set condition.
If the sample to be detected is a metal material or a composite material with a metal substrate, the sample to be detected does not need to be sprayed with a high-temperature-resistant absorption coating, and the heating light source can adopt an electromagnetic induction heating device and directly heat the sample to be detected by utilizing the electromagnetic induction heating device.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing the adhesion of a coating on the surface of a material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) manufacturing a plurality of samples (7) to be tested;
1.1) cutting the substrate into a regular shape, and defining the upper surface of the substrate as a coating surface (8) of a sample (7) to be detected; the lower surface of the substrate is a first heating surface (9) of a sample (7) to be measured; the side wall is a second heating surface of the sample (7) to be detected;
1.2) processing the first heating surface (9) and the second heating surface to form a plurality of uniformly distributed pits on the surfaces of the first heating surface and the second heating surface;
1.3) spraying high-temperature resistant absorption coatings on the first heating surface (9) and the second heating surface;
1.4) spraying a coating to be tested on the coating surface (8) to manufacture a sample to be tested (7);
1.5) adopting the steps 1.1-1.4 to manufacture a plurality of samples (7) to be tested;
2) calibrating the temperature curve and the temperature balance time of the lower coating surface (8) with different heating parameters;
2.1) selecting any one sample (7) to be tested and fixing the sample;
2.2) adhering an adhesion tester force loading spindle (1) on the coating surface (8) of the sample (7) to be tested;
2.3) continuously heating the first heating surface (9) and the second heating surface of the sample (7) to be measured through the heating light source, and measuring the temperatures of the first heating surface (9) and the coating surface (8) by using two thermal imagers respectively so as to obtain a temperature curve and temperature balance time of the coating surface (8);
2.4) adjusting the output power of the heating light source to obtain the temperature curve and the temperature balance time of the coating surface (8) under different heating parameters;
temperature equilibration time is the coating surface(8) Maximum temperature TmaxThe time required to stabilize;
the judgment of the temperature balance time is based on that the temperature deviations of the coating surface (8) and the first heating surface (9) meet the experimental requirements;
the temperature deviation is less than 5% Tmax；
3) Detecting the adhesive force of the coating on the rest samples (7) to be detected;
3.1) adhering an adhesion tester force loading spindle (1) on a coating surface (8) of a sample (7) to be tested;
3.2) setting the output power and the light emitting time of a heating light source according to a temperature curve obtained by calibration, continuously heating the first heating surface (9) and the second heating surface, respectively measuring the temperature distribution of the first heating surface (9) and the coating surface (8) by adopting two thermal imagers, and monitoring and recording temperature signals in real time by a data acquisition instrument;
and when the measured temperature deviation of the coating surface (8) and the first heating surface (9) is smaller than the specified range, starting the adhesion tester to test the adhesion of the coating, wherein the obtained adhesion value is the adhesion under the current set condition.
2. The material surface coating adhesion test method of claim 1, wherein: the heating light source comprises a laser or a quartz lamp array.
3. The material surface coating adhesion test method of claim 1, wherein: the specific treatment mode of the step 1.2) is sand blasting treatment.
4. The material surface coating adhesion test method of claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature-resistant absorption coating is made of graphite.
5. The material surface coating adhesion test method of claim 1, wherein: the regular shape is a square or a circle.
6. A material surface coating adhesion test system for implementing the test method of claim 1, characterized by: the device comprises an adhesion tester force loading spindle (1), a fixed table top (2), a plurality of adapter plates (3), a first thermal imager (4), a second thermal imager (5) and a heating light source;
the middle part of the fixed table top (2) is provided with a through hole matched with the shape of the sample (7) to be tested; the sample (7) to be tested is square or round, the upper surface of the sample (7) to be tested is a coating surface (8), the lower surface is a first heating surface (9), and the side wall is a second heating surface;
one end of each adapter plate (3) is fixedly connected with a sample (7) to be tested, and the other end of each adapter plate is connected with the fixed table board (2), so that the sample to be tested is fixed right below the through hole;
the heating light source is used for carrying out irradiation heating on the sample to be tested;
the force loading spindle (1) of the adhesion tester is fixedly adhered to the coating surface (8) of the tested sample and is positioned at the center of the coating surface (8) of the tested sample;
the first thermal imager (4) is arranged above the tested sample and used for detecting the temperature of the coating surface (8) of the tested sample;
the second thermal imager (5) is arranged below the tested sample and used for detecting the temperature of the first heating surface (9) of the tested sample.
7. The material surface coating adhesion test system of claim 6, wherein: the heating light source comprises a laser or a quartz lamp array.
8. The material surface coating adhesion test system of claim 7, wherein: the testing device further comprises a total reflection mirror (11), wherein the total reflection mirror (11) is arranged around the tested sample and used for reflecting the heating light emitted by the heating light source to the side wall of the tested sample.
9. The material surface coating adhesion test system of claim 8, wherein: the device is characterized by further comprising a light barrier (12), wherein the light barrier (12) is installed between the heating light source and the sample to be detected (7) and used for absorbing heating light leaking out of the sample to be detected (7) and the total reflection mirror (11).
10. The material surface coating adhesion test system of claim 9, wherein: and the first heating surface (9) and the second heating surface are sprayed with graphite materials.
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| CN114871143B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-23 | 溧阳市诚亿布业有限公司 | Coating oxford conveying and testing device |
| CN116851908B (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-12-12 | 天蔚蓝电驱动科技(江苏)有限公司 | Optimization method for improving coating adhesion by laser surface treatment and processing method |
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