CN109865922B - 熔化极气体保护焊焊枪 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种熔化极气体保护焊焊枪，属于焊接技术领域，其结构是包括枪身前端、导电嘴、导电嘴座及喷嘴，导电嘴通过导电嘴座设置在枪身前端，喷嘴套接在导电嘴和导电嘴座外侧，并与枪身前端连接，其特点是喷嘴内侧设置有喷嘴内衬套管，喷嘴内衬套管与导电嘴座外轮廓形成焊渣隔离腔。与现有技术相比，本发明的熔化极气体保护焊焊枪具有焊渣易于清理，且焊接气体不会受空气污染等特点，具有很好的推广应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及焊接技术领域，具体提供一种熔化极气体保护焊焊枪。
背景技术
熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)是当今工业普遍使用的一种焊接方法。焊枪通过电缆与电源连接提供电流在导电嘴与工件之间产生电弧进行焊接。焊枪气路提供保护气体对焊接区域进行屏蔽保护。保护气体通常可以是氦气，二氧化碳，其它惰性气体，半惰性气体以及其它适用于“熔化极惰性气体保护焊(MIG)”的混合气体。熔化极活性气体保护电弧焊(MAG)的使用也非常广泛。MAG使用的混合气体不是惰性气体。例如，有些混合气体内含有氧气。
MIG焊接中使用的惰性气体有两个作用。第一，对焊接区域进行屏蔽保护，避免空气中的氧气，氮气与焊接区域接触，这些气体通常会造成焊接缺陷。第二，惰性气体对焊枪进行冷却，带走焊枪产生的热量从而避免过热引起的操作安全隐患，甚至焊枪损坏。焊枪设计应符合相关的国际标准。该标准对焊枪手柄在不同位置的温升有明确的要求。
在MAG焊接中，混合气体虽然可以和焊接工件进行反应，但同样可以屏蔽大气中不需要的气体(氧气和氮气)并对焊枪进行散热。
可拆卸的喷嘴安装在焊枪的首端，用于包容焊接气体并对气体进行导向，从而使焊接气流在被焊工件的期望位置形成环绕的保护层。
气密不严导致空气中的其它气体混入焊接气体对焊接质量可以造成影响。其成因可能是焊接气流中混入的空气在屏蔽层引发空洞从而形成真空负压效应，吸入更多空气，稀释并污染焊接气体。
导电嘴安装在焊枪的导电嘴座上，填充焊丝穿过导电嘴后与工件产生电弧进行焊接。焊丝材料有多种选择以适应不同的使用需要。填充焊丝由通常被称为焊机或送丝机的机械装置提供送丝。焊机同时提供焊接电流及焊接过程中的电流调节控制。
焊接过程中会产生大量的热量和烟雾。许多融化的细小金属颗粒在焊接过程中四散飞溅，一些热的金属颗粒可能溅落在工作台或地面之上，另一些则可能沾到工件或周围其它一些金属的表面。金属颗粒冷却后为小圆球状，很容易辨识。它们通常被称为焊渣或焊接焊渣。因喷嘴开口处最接近焊接熔池所以焊渣在此最容易粘结。不仅在喷嘴开口位置，焊渣也会进入喷嘴中部，甚至是喷嘴后部。喷嘴前端的焊渣使用工具容易清理。如果焊渣粘结到喷嘴后端清理则非常困难。
粘结在喷嘴内的焊渣因其对保护气流的影响使得焊接过程变得非常不稳定，喷嘴拆卸也因此变得十分困难。
软丝焊接对焊接气体能够形成均匀，平稳，不消散的保护层流的要求至关重要。焊渣堆积会对气流通径形成阻碍从而造成保护层流形状，大小的不稳定。
目前清除焊渣的一般方法是拆下喷嘴，然后使用适合的工具敲碎焊渣形成的硬环。焊渣有时与喷嘴及弯管零件粘结在一起使得喷嘴拆卸非常不便。加之一般设计中喷嘴及与之配合的零件通常使用金属，如果发生焊渣粘连，清理难道更大。
尽管市场有许多宣称可以防止焊渣粘连的技术，但没有一家可以保证100％有效。而且焊渣一旦粘结清理非常困难。
发明内容
本发明是针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种焊渣易于清理，且焊接气体不会受空气污染的熔化极气体保护焊焊枪。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：熔化极气体保护焊焊枪，包括枪身前端、导电嘴、导电嘴座及喷嘴，导电嘴通过导电嘴座设置在枪身前端，喷嘴套接在导电嘴和导电嘴座外侧，并与枪身前端连接，其特点是喷嘴内侧设置有喷嘴内衬套管，喷嘴内衬套管与导电嘴座外轮廓形成焊渣隔离腔。所述焊渣隔离腔专门用于收集、容纳焊接过程中产生的焊渣金属颗粒。焊接过程中到达喷嘴底部的金属焊渣颗粒会在隔离腔内堆积，形成硬环。
所述枪身前端，可以是水冷焊枪前端也可以是空冷焊枪前端。
作为优选，喷嘴内衬套管的材质应与导电嘴座的材质互不亲合，特别是，所述喷嘴内衬套管优选采用非金属绝缘材料制成，如，可用于加工或模压成型的高分子复合材料，例如耐高温高分子复合玻璃纤维增强两段模压树脂绝缘材料等。
作用优选，所述喷嘴内衬套管底部内轮廓与导电嘴座外轮廓形成焊渣隔离腔，焊渣隔离腔的腔底面为弧形面。即焊渣隔离腔由喷嘴内衬套管与导电嘴座表面配合，贯联成型。
进一步的，为了方便喷嘴拆卸，以便于清除焊渣，可以在喷嘴闭合端设置至少一个喷嘴锁紧槽，并且在其外侧设置喷嘴锁紧环，所述喷嘴锁紧环用于使喷嘴闭合端与枪身前端紧固连接。
喷嘴锁紧槽的个数优选为4-8个，且沿喷嘴圆周方向均布。
为了进一步方便喷嘴拆卸，喷嘴锁紧环与枪身前端优选为螺纹连接。
作为优选，可以在导电嘴座后端设置导电嘴座绝缘套，导电嘴座绝缘套外轮廓与喷嘴闭合端内轮廓及枪身前端内轮廓配合，且导电嘴座绝缘套与喷嘴闭合端之间设置有密封垫。
或者，在导电嘴座绝缘套与枪身前端之间设置有密封垫。
所述密封垫优选采用耐磨，耐高温材料制成，其设置可以确保密封无泄漏，这是一般期望通过机械加工零件相互配合从而实现密封的设计方法所无法实现的。
所述软丝焊接有时被称作焊接艺术，其对焊接气体的纯净度要求尤甚。焊接气体的细微污染也会对焊接质量造成非常大的影响。
本发明的熔化极气体保护焊焊枪和现有技术相比，具有以下突出的有益效果：
(一)在喷嘴内腔底部设计有用于收集、容纳焊接过程中产生的焊渣金属颗粒的焊渣隔离腔，焊接过程中到达喷嘴底部的金属焊渣颗粒会在隔离腔内堆积，形成硬环，以便于清除，从而提高生产效率，节约易损件的消耗成本；
(二)使用与金属不亲和的绝缘材料以及焊渣隔离腔设计使得喷嘴焊渣清理得到极大改善。尤为重要的是因为非金属绝缘材料与金属不会发生粘连使得清除焊渣硬环更加容易。拆卸喷嘴时，喷嘴会推动焊渣硬环使之脱离粘连，粘连一旦打破，喷嘴拆卸和焊渣清理就变得非常容易；
(三)通过喷嘴锁紧环使喷嘴闭合端与枪身前端紧固连接，其中，锁紧环可与枪身前端螺纹连接，此设计的优点在于反转锁紧环即可打破粘结的焊渣。
(四)在喷嘴内侧设置有喷嘴内衬套管，提高了导电嘴相对与喷嘴的同心度；
(五)便于在焊接过程中定期清理喷嘴口部及内部的焊渣，这有助于防止对焊接气流造成阻塞；
(六)喷嘴内密封设计，可以确保密封无泄漏，使得焊接气体不易受到污染，此设计在优化软丝焊接技术中的应用极大的提高了焊接的稳定性和一致性。
附图说明
附图1是实施例水冷焊枪爆炸图；
附图2是实施例水冷焊枪立体图；
附图3是实施例水冷焊枪剖视图；
附图4是图3水冷焊枪A处放大图；
附图5是实施例中导电嘴座、导电嘴座绝缘套、密封垫爆炸视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但不作为对本发明的限定。
在本发明中，在未作相反说明的情况下，使用的方位词如“上、下、左、右”通常是指参考附图所示的上、下、左、右；“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内、外。
下面给出一个最佳实施例：
如附图1、2、3所示，本实施例的水冷焊枪主要由焊枪弯管1、喷嘴2、导电嘴3、导电嘴座4、导电嘴座绝缘套5、密封垫6及锁紧环7构成。
焊枪弯管1的结构与现有公知焊枪弯管的结构相同，其内部是加工而成的管状零件，外部由高分子复合材料模压成型。弯管不仅能够承载，输送焊接电流，其内部还设计有冷却水路和焊接气路分别用于为焊枪提供冷却和输送焊接气体。在图示11，12两处弯管加工有螺纹分别用于与导电嘴座4和喷嘴2连接。
导电嘴3装配在导电嘴座4上。导电嘴座4插入端与焊枪弯管1的11位置螺纹连接。在导电嘴座4圆周方向设计有6个均布的气孔41用于焊接气体散出。导电嘴座绝缘套5装配在导电嘴座4的根部外圆面。由耐磨、耐高温材料制成的密封垫6则通过卡槽安装在导电嘴座绝缘套5上(如如附图4、5所示)。
喷嘴2装配在导电嘴3和导电嘴座4外侧。喷嘴2闭合端(指相对焊枪手柄较近的一端)加工有6个均布的锁紧槽21，并通过锁紧环7固定在焊枪弯管1的12位置。喷嘴2内圆面与密封环6的外密封面相互配合，用于密封焊接气体隔绝与外部空气的接触。锁紧环7与焊枪弯管1的12位置螺纹连接。
在喷嘴2内圆面还固定有非金属绝缘材料制成的喷嘴内衬套管22。喷嘴内衬套管22内廓形与导电嘴座4外圆根部廓形贯联成型，形成腔底面为弧形面的焊渣隔离腔8。图示中的半径1.5毫米为建议尺寸。视焊接条件及材料的变化该尺寸可做相应的设计调整。
以本实施例的水冷焊枪进行焊接作业时，焊渣会堆积在焊渣隔离腔8的底部，形成一个又硬又脆的金属环。旋转锁紧环7少于180度，喷嘴2即会在锁紧环7的带动下，推动焊渣金属环使之脱离粘连，进而可以轻易的将喷嘴2拆卸下来并将焊渣清理掉。
以上所述的实施例，只是本发明较优选的具体实施方式的一种，本领域的技术人员在本发明技术方案范围内进行的通常变化和替换都应包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.熔化极气体保护焊焊枪，包括枪身前端、导电嘴、导电嘴座及喷嘴，导电嘴通过导电嘴座设置在枪身前端，喷嘴套接在导电嘴和导电嘴座外侧，并与枪身前端连接，其特征在于：喷嘴内侧设置有喷嘴内衬套管，喷嘴内衬套管内廓形与导电嘴座外圆根部廓形贯联成型，形成腔底面为弧形面的焊渣隔离腔，
喷嘴闭合端设置有至少一个喷嘴锁紧槽，并且在其外侧设置有喷嘴锁紧环，喷嘴锁紧环与枪身前端螺纹连接，反转锁紧环可打破焊渣隔离腔内粘结的焊渣。
2.根据权利要求1所述的熔化极气体保护焊焊枪，其特征在于所述喷嘴内衬套管采用非金属绝缘材料制成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的熔化极气体保护焊焊枪，其特征在于导电嘴座后端设置有导电嘴座绝缘套，导电嘴座绝缘套外轮廓与喷嘴闭合端内轮廓及枪身前端内轮廓配合，且导电嘴座绝缘套与喷嘴闭合端之间设置有密封垫。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的熔化极气体保护焊焊枪，其特征在于导电嘴座后端设置有导电嘴座绝缘套，导电嘴座绝缘套外轮廓与喷嘴闭合端内轮廓及枪身前端内轮廓配合，且导电嘴座绝缘套与枪身前端之间设置有密封垫。
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| CN201910184634.XA CN109865922B (zh) | 2019-03-12 | 2019-03-12 | 熔化极气体保护焊焊枪 |
| EP23208522.5A EP4292744A3 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-11 | Gas metal arc welding torch |
| PCT/GB2020/050612 WO2020183177A1 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-11 | Gas metal arc welding torch |
| ES20712655T ES2967881T3 (es) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-11 | Soplete de soldadura por arco de metal y gas |
| EP20712655.8A EP3938134B1 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-11 | Gas metal arc welding torch |
| CA3132777A CA3132777A1 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-11 | Gas metal arc welding torch |
| HUE20712655A HUE065926T2 (hu) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-11 | Gáz-fém-ív hegesztõpisztoly |
| AU2020234058A AU2020234058A1 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-11 | Gas metal arc welding torch |
| US17/438,256 US20220184727A1 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-11 | Gas metal arc welding torch |
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| CN110539060B (zh) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-09-21 | 浙江广天电力设备股份有限公司 | 一种焊枪枪头 |
| CN112427782B (zh) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-03-11 | 唐山松下产业机器有限公司 | 熔化极气体保护焊枪 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP3938134B1 (en) | 2024-01-03 |
| EP4316717A3 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
| EP4292744A2 (en) | 2023-12-20 |
| EP3938134C0 (en) | 2024-01-03 |
| EP4316717A2 (en) | 2024-02-07 |
| AU2020234058A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
| CA3132777A1 (en) | 2020-09-17 |
| EP3938134A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 |
| EP4292744A3 (en) | 2024-03-27 |
| HUE065926T2 (hu) | 2024-06-28 |
| US20220184727A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
| ES2967881T3 (es) | 2024-05-06 |
| WO2020183177A1 (en) | 2020-09-17 |
| CN109865922A (zh) | 2019-06-11 |
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