CN109860650B - Bipolar plate, preparation method thereof and fuel cell with bipolar plate - Google Patents
Bipolar plate, preparation method thereof and fuel cell with bipolar plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109860650B CN109860650B CN201910080398.7A CN201910080398A CN109860650B CN 109860650 B CN109860650 B CN 109860650B CN 201910080398 A CN201910080398 A CN 201910080398A CN 109860650 B CN109860650 B CN 109860650B
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a bipolar plate, a preparation method thereof and a fuel cell with the bipolar plate, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: stamping the metal plate to form a metal supporting layer with a cooling liquid groove; spreading the composite precursor powder on one side of a metal supporting layer, and forming a composite flow field layer with a composite material flow field on one side of the metal supporting layer through mould pressing to form a composite single plate; and attaching and connecting the other sides of the metal supporting layers of the two composite single plates, wherein the cooling liquid grooves of the two composite single plates form a cooling liquid flow field, one composite material flow field forms a fuel flow field, and the other composite material flow field forms an oxidant flow field, so as to obtain the bipolar plate. According to the preparation method of the bipolar plate, the bipolar plate with the advantages of the metal bipolar plate and the composite bipolar plate can be prepared, namely the bipolar plate has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, strong gas barrier property, high electric and thermal conductivity, strong surface hydrophobic ability, simple processing technology, convenience in constructing a cooling liquid flow field and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a bipolar plate, a fuel cell with the bipolar plate and a preparation method of the bipolar plate.
Background
A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a device that can directly convert chemical energy of fuel (usually hydrogen or methanol) and oxidant (oxygen or air) into electrical energy, and has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, no environmental pollution, simple structure, and low influence of load change on power generation efficiency, and is considered to be a type of cell with the greatest development prospect. In recent years, Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (pem) technologies have been rapidly promoted along with the rapid development of new energy vehicles.
The fuel cell is the heart of the FCV, and its core components include Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), and Bipolar plate (Bipolar). The MEA is the primary site for electrochemical reactions, the GDL is the primary channel for gas diffusion and water production, and the bipolar plates are the carriers for gas transport and current collection.
The bipolar plates in the related art are classified into three types, namely graphite bipolar plates, metal bipolar plates and composite bipolar plates, according to the material quality, wherein:
the graphite bipolar plate has good corrosion resistance and low price, but has low mechanical strength and complex processing technology and is not beneficial to batch production;
the metal bipolar plate has high mechanical strength, strong gas barrier performance, high electric conduction and thermal conductivity, but poor corrosion resistance, easy bending of the plate, difficult packaging and large difficulty in the flow field processing process;
the composite bipolar plate is usually compounded by graphite, resin, additives and other materials, has strong surface hydrophobic capability and simple processing technology, but has low mechanical strength, poor electrical conductivity and poor gas barrier property.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a bipolar plate, which has the advantages of both a metal bipolar plate and a composite bipolar plate, i.e., has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, strong gas barrier property, high electrical and thermal conductivity, strong surface hydrophobic ability, simple processing technology, and convenience for constructing a coolant flow field.
The invention also provides a fuel cell with the bipolar plate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the bipolar plate.
An embodiment according to the first aspect of the invention proposes a bipolar plate comprising: the first composite veneer comprises a first metal supporting layer and a first composite flow field layer, wherein the first composite flow field layer is arranged on one side of the first metal supporting layer and is provided with a fuel flow field, and a first cooling liquid groove is formed in the other side of the first metal supporting layer; the second composite veneer comprises a second metal supporting layer and a second composite flow field layer, the second composite flow field layer is arranged on one side of the second metal supporting layer and is provided with an oxidant flow field, and a second cooling liquid groove is formed in the other side of the second metal supporting layer; the other side of the first metal supporting layer is connected with the other side of the second metal supporting layer, and the first cooling liquid grooves and the second cooling liquid grooves jointly form a cooling liquid flow field.
The bipolar plate disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of both a metal bipolar plate and a composite bipolar plate, namely has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, strong gas barrier property, high electric and thermal conductivity, strong surface hydrophobic ability, simple processing technology, convenience in constructing a cooling liquid flow field and the like.
According to some implementations of the invention, the other side of the first metallic support layer is joined to the other side of the second metallic support layer by a composite binder having the same composition and ratio as the first and second composite flow field layers.
Further, a first sealing groove is formed in the other side of the first metal supporting layer, a second sealing groove corresponding to the first sealing groove is formed in the other side of the second metal supporting layer, and the composite adhesive is arranged in the first sealing groove and the second sealing groove.
According to some specific examples of this disclosure, the first metal support layer is configured with a first fuel inlet, a first oxidant inlet, a first coolant inlet, a first fuel outlet, a first oxidant outlet, and a first coolant outlet; the second metal support layer is configured with a second fuel inlet, a second oxidant inlet, a second coolant inlet, a second fuel outlet, a second oxidant outlet, and a second coolant outlet; the first fuel inlet and the second fuel inlet jointly form a fuel inlet communicated with the fuel flow field, the first oxidant inlet and the second oxidant inlet jointly form an oxidant inlet communicated with the oxidant flow field, the first cooling liquid inlet and the second cooling liquid inlet jointly form a cooling liquid inlet communicated with the cooling liquid flow field, the first fuel outlet and the second fuel outlet jointly form a fuel outlet communicated with the fuel flow field, the first oxidant outlet and the second oxidant outlet jointly form an oxidant outlet communicated with the oxidant flow field, and the first cooling liquid outlet and the second cooling liquid outlet jointly form a cooling liquid outlet communicated with the cooling liquid flow field.
Further, the first sealing groove is disposed adjacent to an edge of the first metal support layer and surrounds the first coolant groove, the first fuel inlet, the first oxidant inlet, the first coolant inlet, the first fuel outlet, the first oxidant outlet, and the first coolant outlet; the second seal groove is disposed adjacent to an edge of the second metal support layer and surrounds the second coolant groove, the second fuel inlet, the second oxidant inlet, the second coolant inlet, the second fuel outlet, the second oxidant outlet, and the second coolant outlet.
According to some specific examples of the present invention, the first sealing groove has a depth of 0.3mm to 0.6mm and a width of 2.0mm to 3.5 mm; the depth of the second sealing groove is 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, and the width of the second sealing groove is 2.0 mm-3.5 mm.
According to some specific examples of the invention, the depth of the first cooling liquid groove is 0.3mm to 0.6mm, and the orthographic projection area of the first cooling liquid groove on the first metal supporting layer accounts for 60% to 89% of the total area of the first metal supporting layer; the depth of the second cooling liquid grooves is 0.3-0.6 mm, and the area of the orthographic projection of the second cooling liquid grooves on the second metal supporting layer accounts for 60-89% of the total area of the second metal supporting layer.
According to some specific examples of the invention, the thickness of the first and second metal support layers is equal and is between 0.05mm and 0.12 mm; the first composite flow field layer and the second composite flow field layer are equal in thickness and are 0.4 mm-1.0 mm.
According to some implementations of the invention, the first metal support layer and the second metal support layer are the same material and are one of stainless steel and a titanium alloy; the first composite flow field layer and the second composite flow field layer are made of the same material and comprise a graphite material, a resin material and a conductive additive, and the mass ratio of the graphite material to the resin material to the conductive additive is (60-85): (14-32): (1-8).
Further, the graphite material includes expanded graphite, natural graphite, and artificial graphite; the resin material comprises phenolic resin, epoxy resin and polyimide; the conductive additive comprises carbon nanotubes, graphene and vapor grown carbon fibers.
An embodiment according to the second aspect of the invention proposes a fuel cell comprising a bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention.
According to the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the invention, by utilizing the bipolar plate provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the advantages of good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, strong gas barrier property, high electric and thermal conductivity, strong surface hydrophobic capability, simple processing technology, convenience in constructing a cooling liquid flow field and the like are achieved.
An embodiment according to a third aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a bipolar plate, the method including: obtaining a metal plate, and stamping the metal plate to form a metal supporting layer with a cooling liquid groove; obtaining composite precursor powder, spreading the composite precursor powder on one side of the metal supporting layer, forming a composite flow field layer with a composite material flow field on one side of the metal supporting layer through mould pressing, and forming a composite veneer by the metal supporting layer and the composite flow field layer on the metal supporting layer; and attaching the other sides of the metal supporting layers of the two composite single plates, wherein the cooling liquid grooves of the two composite single plates jointly form a cooling liquid flow field, the composite material flow field of one of the two composite single plates forms a fuel flow field, and the composite material flow field of the other composite single plate forms an oxidant flow field, so that the bipolar plate is obtained.
According to the preparation method of the bipolar plate, the bipolar plate with the advantages of the metal bipolar plate and the composite bipolar plate can be prepared, namely the bipolar plate has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, strong gas barrier property, high electric and thermal conductivity, strong surface hydrophobic ability, simple processing technology, convenience in constructing a cooling liquid flow field and the like.
According to some implementations of the invention, the sealing groove is stamped simultaneously with the stamping of the metal sheet; when the composite precursor powder is paved on one side of the metal supporting layer, the composite precursor powder is paved on the sealing groove at the same time; and when the other side of the metal supporting layer of the two composite veneers is connected, aligning the edges of the two composite veneers and the sealing groove, placing the aligned composite veneers and the sealing groove into an anti-deformation clamp, carrying out thermosetting treatment, and naturally cooling to obtain the bipolar plate.
Further, the temperature of the thermal curing treatment is 130-250 ℃, and the curing time of the thermal curing treatment is 1-5 h.
According to some specific examples of the present invention, the sealing groove has a depth of 0.3mm to 0.6mm and a width of 2.0mm to 3.5 mm.
According to some specific examples of the invention, the metal plate has a thickness of 0.05mm to 0.12 mm; the thickness of the composite flow field layer is 0.4 mm-1.0 mm.
According to some specific examples of the invention, the depth of the cooling liquid groove is 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, and the orthographic projection area of the cooling liquid groove on the metal supporting layer accounts for 60% -89% of the total area of the metal plate.
According to some implementations of the invention, obtaining the composite precursor frit comprises: dissolving a graphite material, a resin material and a conductive additive in an acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and uniformly stirring or ultrasonically vibrating to form a composite precursor mixed solution; and heating the composite precursor mixed solution to remove the organic solvent to obtain the composite precursor powder.
Further, the mass ratio of the graphite material to the resin material to the conductive additive is (60-85): (14-32): (1-8).
Further, the graphite material includes expanded graphite, natural graphite, and artificial graphite; the resin material comprises phenolic resin, epoxy resin and polyimide; the conductive additive comprises carbon nanotubes, graphene and vapor grown carbon fibers.
Further, the composite precursor mixed solution is placed in an oven to be heated, and the heating temperature is 30-50 ℃.
According to some specific implementations of the invention, when the composite flow field layer with the composite material flow field is formed on one side of the metal supporting layer through die pressing, the die pressing pressure is 180 MPa-320 MPa, and the die pressing retention time is 1 h-5 h.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a first metallic support layer of a bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow field diagram of a method of manufacturing a bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a process diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a bipolar plate 1,
A first composite veneer 10, a first metal supporting layer 11, a first composite flow field layer 12,
A second composite veneer 20, a second metal supporting layer 21, a second composite flow field layer 22,
A first coolant channel 111, a first seal channel 112, a first fuel inlet 113, a first oxidant inlet 114, a first coolant inlet 115, a first fuel outlet 116, a first oxidant outlet 117, and a first coolant outlet 118.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "the first feature" and "the second feature" may include one or more of the features.
A bipolar plate 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which bipolar plate 1 is applicable to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a bipolar plate 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first composite single plate 10 and a second composite single plate 20.
The first composite veneer 10 includes a first metal support layer 11 and a first composite flow field layer 12 disposed on one side of the first metal support layer 11, and the first composite flow field layer 12 is configured with a fuel flow field (e.g., a hydrogen flow field) and the other side of the first metal support layer 11 is configured with first coolant grooves 111.
The second composite veneer 20 includes a second metal support layer 21 and a second composite flow field layer 22, the second composite flow field layer 22 is disposed on one side of the second metal support layer 21, the second composite flow field layer 22 is configured with an oxidant flow field (such as an oxygen flow field or an air flow field), and the other side of the second metal support layer 21 is configured with a second coolant groove.
The other side of the first metal support layer 11 is connected to the other side of the second metal support layer 21, and the first coolant grooves 111 and the second coolant grooves together constitute a coolant flow field.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the structure of the first metal support layer 11 is shown in fig. 2, and the structure of the second metal support layer 21 can be referred to the first metal support layer 11, and both are symmetrically arranged in a snap-fit manner.
According to the bipolar plate 1 of the embodiment of the invention, the first metal supporting layer 11 and the second metal supporting layer 21 which are corrosion-resistant are adopted as the middle layers, the first cooling liquid groove 111 and the second cooling liquid groove can be formed by the first metal supporting layer 11 and the second metal supporting layer 21 through a conventional stamping process, the metal double plate with the cooling liquid flow field is formed after the first metal supporting layer 11 and the second metal supporting layer 21 are connected, and the composite material flow fields (the fuel flow field and the oxidant flow field) are formed on two sides of the metal double plate through a die pressing process, so that the bipolar plate 1 has the advantages of both the metal bipolar plate and the composite bipolar plate.
Specifically, firstly, because the first metal supporting layer 11 and the second metal supporting layer 21 are arranged in the middle of the bipolar plate 1, the tensile strength is high, the conductivity is good, and the gas barrier performance is good, so that the defects of low strength, poor conductivity, poor gas barrier performance and the like of the existing composite bipolar plate are overcome. In addition, the middle of the bipolar plate 1 is also provided with a cooling liquid flow field formed by stamping the first metal supporting layer 11 and the second metal supporting layer 21, which solves the problem that the existing metal bipolar plate is difficult to construct the cooling liquid flow field, and is beneficial to practical application, especially application in a high-power water-cooled electric pile. Thirdly, the first composite flow field layer 12 and the second composite flow field layer 22 are arranged on the outer side of the bipolar plate 1, the layer materials can be firmly combined on the surfaces of the first metal supporting layer 11 and the second metal supporting layer 21 after being processed by a mould pressing and curing process, the adhesive force is strong, the defect that metal is not corrosion-resistant is overcome by the special corrosion-resistant characteristic of the composite materials, the bipolar plate 1 does not need to be coated and subjected to corrosion-resistant treatment, in addition, the first composite flow field layer 12 and the second composite flow field layer 22 have good hydrophobic capacity, water generated in the reaction process can be rapidly discharged, and the fuel cell can not be flooded. Finally, the most difficult point of the existing metal bipolar plate processing lies in the stamping of surface hydrogen and air flow fields, the invention forms reaction gas flow fields (fuel flow fields and oxidant flow fields) on the flexible composite material by using a male die molding process, reduces the processing cost of the bipolar plate 1, improves the processing efficiency and is beneficial to batch application.
Therefore, the bipolar plate 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of both the metal bipolar plate and the composite bipolar plate, i.e., the advantages of good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, strong gas barrier property, high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, strong surface hydrophobic ability, simple processing technology, convenience for constructing a coolant flow field, and the like.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the other side of the first metal support layer 11 is connected to the other side of the second metal support layer 21 by a composite adhesive, which has the same composition and ratio as the first composite flow field layer 12 and the second composite flow field layer 22, so that the composite adhesive, the first composite flow field layer 12 and the second composite flow field layer 22 have the same curing parameters, and the curing of the three can be performed simultaneously, which can simplify the manufacturing process.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the other side of the first metal support layer 11 is provided with a first sealing groove 112, the other side of the second metal support layer is provided with a second sealing groove corresponding to the first sealing groove 112, and the composite adhesive is disposed in the first sealing groove 112 and the second sealing groove, so that on one hand, the adhesion of the composite adhesive on the first metal support layer 11 and the second metal support layer 21 is facilitated, and on the other hand, the first metal support layer 11 and the second metal support layer 21 can be bonded more tightly.
In some specific examples of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the first metal support layer 11 is configured with a first fuel inlet 113, a first oxidant inlet 114, a first coolant inlet 115, a first fuel outlet 116, a first oxidant outlet 117, and a first coolant outlet 118.
The second metal support layer 21 is configured with a second fuel inlet, a second oxidant inlet, a second coolant inlet, a second fuel outlet, a second oxidant outlet, and a second coolant outlet.
The first fuel inlet 113 and the second fuel inlet together form a fuel inlet in communication with the fuel flow field, the first oxidant inlet 114 and the second oxidant inlet together form an oxidant inlet in communication with the oxidant flow field, the first coolant inlet 115 and the second coolant inlet together form a coolant inlet in communication with the coolant flow field, the first fuel outlet 116 and the second fuel outlet together form a fuel outlet in communication with the fuel flow field, the first oxidant outlet 117 and the second oxidant outlet together form an oxidant outlet in communication with the oxidant flow field, and the first coolant outlet 118 and the second coolant outlet together form a coolant outlet in communication with the coolant flow field.
The fuel enters the fuel flow field from the fuel inlet and flows out from the fuel outlet, the oxidant enters the oxidant flow field from the oxidant inlet and flows out from the oxidant outlet, and the cooling liquid enters the cooling liquid flow field from the cooling liquid inlet and flows out from the cooling liquid outlet, so that in the fuel cell, a plurality of bipolar plates 1 are arranged side by side, and the fuel cell can realize the supply of the fuel, the oxidant and the cooling liquid of a plurality of bipolar plates 1 only by respectively arranging the inlet and the outlet of the fuel, the oxidant and the cooling liquid.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the first fuel inlet 113, the first oxidant inlet 114, and the first coolant inlet 115 are provided at one end of the first metal support layer 11 in the length direction, the first fuel outlet 116, the first oxidant outlet 117, and the first coolant outlet 118 are provided at the other end of the second metal support layer 21 in the length direction, the first fuel inlet 113 and the first fuel outlet 116 are disposed along one diagonal line of the first metal support layer 11, the first coolant inlet 115 and the first coolant outlet 118 are disposed along the other diagonal line of the first metal support layer 11, and the second fuel inlet, the second oxidant inlet, the second coolant inlet, the second fuel outlet, the second oxidant outlet, and the second coolant outlet on the second metal support layer 21 are symmetrically positioned with reference to the first metal support layer 11.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in order to improve the bonding strength of the first and second metal support layers 11 and 21 and the sealability after bonding, a first sealing groove 112 is provided adjacent to the edge of the first metal support layer 11 and surrounds the first coolant groove 111, the first fuel inlet 113, the first oxidant inlet 114, the first coolant inlet 115, the first fuel outlet 116, the first oxidant outlet 117, and the first coolant outlet 118. The second sealing groove is disposed adjacent to an edge of the second metal support layer 21 and surrounds the second coolant groove, the second fuel inlet, the second oxidant inlet, the second coolant inlet, the second fuel outlet, the second oxidant outlet, and the second coolant outlet.
In some specific examples of the present invention, the depth of the first sealing groove 112 is 0.3mm to 0.6mm, and the width of the first sealing groove 112 is 2.0mm to 3.5 mm. The depth of the second sealing groove is 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, and the width of the second sealing groove is 2.0 mm-3.5 mm.
The depth of the first cooling liquid grooves 111 is 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, and the area of the orthographic projection of the first cooling liquid grooves 111 on the first metal supporting layer 11 accounts for 60% -89% of the total area of the first metal supporting layer 11. The depth of the second cooling liquid grooves is 0.3-0.6 mm, and the area of the orthographic projection of the second cooling liquid grooves on the second metal supporting layer 21 accounts for 60-89% of the total area of the second metal supporting layer.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the total area of the first metal support layer 11 refers to the area of the orthographic projection of the first metal support layer 11 in a plane parallel thereto, and the total area of the second metal support layer 21 refers to the area of the orthographic projection of the second metal support layer 21 in a plane parallel thereto.
Therefore, the stamping process of the first metal supporting layer 11 and the second metal supporting layer 21 can be simplified, the smooth circulation of the cooling liquid and the reliability of sealing connection can be ensured, and the structural strength of the first metal supporting layer 11 and the second metal supporting layer 21 can be ensured.
Optionally, the thicknesses of the first metal supporting layer 11 and the second metal supporting layer 21 are equal and are 0.05mm to 0.12 mm; the first and second composite flow field layers 12, 22 are equal in thickness and are 0.4mm to 1.0 mm.
In some implementations of the invention, the first and second metal support layers 11, 21 are the same material and are one of stainless steel and titanium alloy, such as one of 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel, 022Cr19Ni10N stainless steel, 022Cr25Ni22Mo2N stainless steel, 015Cr20Ni18Mo6CuN stainless steel, 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 stainless steel, 022Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 stainless steel, 015Cr21Ni26Mo5Cu2 stainless steel, 022Cr19Ni13Mo3 stainless steel, 022Cr18Ni14Mo3 stainless steel, TA8-1 titanium alloy, TA9 titanium alloy, TA9-1 titanium alloy, TA10 titanium alloy, TA18 titanium alloy, TC4 titanium alloy, and TC4ELI titanium alloy.
The materials of the first and second composite flow field layers 12, 22 are the same and include a graphite material, a resin material, and a conductive additive. Specifically, the graphite material includes expanded graphite, natural graphite, and artificial graphite; the resin material comprises phenolic resin, epoxy resin and polyimide; the conductive additive comprises carbon nanotubes, graphene and vapor grown carbon fibers.
Wherein the mass ratio of the graphite material to the resin material to the conductive additive is (60-85): (14-32): (1-8).
A fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention including the bipolar plate 1 according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
According to the fuel cell of the embodiment of the invention, by utilizing the bipolar plate 1 of the embodiment of the invention, the advantages of good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, strong gas barrier property, high electric and thermal conductivity, strong surface hydrophobic capability, simple processing technology, convenience for constructing a cooling liquid flow field and the like are achieved.
Other configurations of fuel cells according to embodiments of the present invention are known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
A method of manufacturing a bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a bipolar plate manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101, obtaining a metal plate, and stamping the metal plate to form a metal supporting layer with a cooling liquid groove;
s102, obtaining composite precursor powder, paving the composite precursor powder on one side of the metal supporting layer, forming a composite flow field layer with a composite material flow field on one side of the metal supporting layer through mould pressing, and forming a composite veneer by the metal supporting layer and the composite flow field layer on the metal supporting layer;
s103, attaching and connecting the other sides of the metal supporting layers of the two composite single plates to obtain the bipolar plate.
The cooling liquid grooves of the two composite single plates jointly form a cooling liquid flow field, the composite material flow field of one of the two composite single plates forms a fuel flow field, and the composite material flow field of the other composite single plate forms an oxidant flow field.
According to the preparation method of the bipolar plate, the metal plate is adopted to prepare the middle layer, so that the tensile strength is high, the conductivity is good, the gas barrier performance is good, and the defects of low strength, poor conductivity, poor gas barrier performance and the like of the conventional composite bipolar plate are overcome. And secondly, a cooling liquid flow field is stamped on the double-layer metal plate, so that the problem that the cooling liquid flow field is difficult to construct by the conventional metal bipolar plate is solved, and the method is favorable for practical application, particularly application to a high-power water-cooled electric pile. And a composite flow field layer is formed on the outer side of the metal supporting layer, the material can be firmly combined on the surface of the metal supporting layer after being processed by a mould pressing and curing process, the adhesive force is strong, the special anti-corrosion characteristic of the composite material solves the defect that metal is not anti-corrosion, so that the bipolar plate does not need to be subjected to coating anti-corrosion treatment, the composite flow field layer has good hydrophobic capacity, water generated in the reaction process can be quickly discharged, and the fuel cell cannot be flooded. Finally, the most difficult point of the existing metal bipolar plate processing is the stamping of the surface hydrogen and air flow fields, and the invention forms the reaction gas flow field on the flexible composite material by using the male die molding process, thereby reducing the processing cost of the bipolar plate, improving the processing efficiency and being beneficial to batch application.
Therefore, according to the preparation method of the bipolar plate provided by the embodiment of the invention, the bipolar plate with the advantages of a metal bipolar plate and a composite bipolar plate can be prepared, namely the bipolar plate has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, strong gas barrier property, high electric and thermal conductivity, strong surface hydrophobic ability, simple processing technology, convenience in constructing a cooling liquid flow field and the like.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, in step S101, when the metal plate is stamped, a sealing groove is stamped at the same time;
in step S102, when the composite precursor powder is spread on one side of the metal supporting layer, the composite precursor powder is spread in the sealing groove;
in step S103, when connecting the other sides of the metal supporting layers of the two composite veneers, aligning the edges of the two composite veneers and the sealing grooves, placing the aligned composite veneers and the sealing grooves in an anti-deformation fixture, performing a thermal curing treatment, and naturally cooling the aligned composite veneers and the sealing grooves to obtain the bipolar plate, wherein the temperature of the thermal curing treatment can be 130 ℃ to 250 ℃, and the curing time of the thermal curing treatment can be 1h to 5 h.
Thus, the curing parameters can be made consistent, thereby simplifying the processing process, and the two metal support layers can be bonded more tightly.
In some specific examples of the present invention, the depth of the sealing groove is 0.3mm to 0.6mm, and the width of the sealing groove is 2.0mm to 3.5 mm; the depth of the cooling liquid groove is 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, and the orthographic projection area of the cooling liquid groove on the metal supporting layer accounts for 60% -89% of the total area of the metal plate. Therefore, the stamping process of the metal supporting layer can be simplified, the smooth circulation of the cooling liquid and the reliability of sealing connection can be guaranteed, and the structural strength of the metal supporting layer can be guaranteed.
Optionally, the thickness of the metal plate is 0.05mm to 0.12 mm; the thickness of the composite flow field layer is 0.4 mm-1.0 mm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, in step S102, the obtaining the composite precursor powder comprises:
dissolving a graphite material, a resin material and a conductive additive in an acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and uniformly stirring or ultrasonically vibrating to form a composite precursor mixed solution;
and heating the composite precursor mixed solution to remove the organic solvent to obtain the composite precursor powder, for example, heating the composite precursor mixed solution in an oven at a heating temperature of 30-50 ℃.
Wherein the mass ratio of the graphite material to the resin material to the conductive additive is (60-85): (14-32): (1-8).
Specifically, the graphite material includes expanded graphite, natural graphite, and artificial graphite; the resin material comprises phenolic resin, epoxy resin and polyimide; the conductive additive comprises carbon nanotubes, graphene and vapor grown carbon fibers.
In some specific examples of the present invention, in step S103, when the composite flow field layer with the composite material flow field is formed on one side of the metal support layer by die pressing, the die pressing pressure is 180MPa to 320MPa, and the die pressing retention time is 1h to 5 h.
The method of manufacturing a bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below by way of example.
Example 1
S101-stamping a metal sheet to form a metal supporting layer:
stamping a stainless steel sheet 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 with the thickness of 0.08mm, forming a cooling liquid groove which is located in the middle area of the sheet and has the depth of 0.4mm and the area accounting for 80% of the whole metal sheet after stamping, forming a sealing groove which is located in the edge area of the sheet and has the depth of 0.4mm and the width of 2.0mm, and forming a common hydrogen, cooling liquid and air inlet and outlet which are located at two ends of the sheet.
S102-composite material molding to form a composite material flow field layer:
mixing expanded graphite, phenolic resin and Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber (VGCF) according to a mass ratio of 60: 32: 8, dissolving in absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly stirring to form a composite precursor mixed solution. And removing the organic solvent from the composite precursor mixed solution in an oven at 50 ℃ to obtain composite precursor powder. And pouring the composite precursor powder into the mold cavity, flatly paving the composite precursor powder on the surface of one side of the metal supporting layer obtained in the step S101, and flatly paving the composite precursor powder in the sealing groove on the other side of the metal supporting layer. In order to prevent the composite precursor powder from flowing backwards, a mold which has the same structure as a cooling liquid flow field and does not comprise a sealing groove is used as a support, a male mold with a hydrogen or air flow field structure is used for mold pressing, the mold pressing pressure is 260MPa, and the composite single plate is obtained by releasing pressure and demolding after the mold pressing is kept for 3 hours.
S103, thermally curing, bonding and molding the composite single plate to form the bipolar plate:
aligning two composite single plates respectively provided with a hydrogen flow field and an air flow field along the edge and the sealing groove, placing the two composite single plates in an anti-deformation clamp, carrying out thermosetting treatment in an oven at 180 ℃, wherein the curing time is 2h, and naturally cooling to obtain the bipolar plate. The thickness of the hydrogen flow field layer of the bipolar plate is 0.5mm, the thickness of the oxygen flow field layer is 0.6mm, and the overall thickness is 2.06 mm. According to GB/T20042.6-2011 part 6 of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell: the standard requirement of the bipolar plate characteristic test method tests the corrosion resistance and the surface resistance of the bipolar plate, and the test result shows that the surface contact resistance of the bipolar plate is 18m omega cm2Corrosion current 0.82 μ Acm-2And the DOE requirement index is achieved.
Example 2
S101-stamping a metal sheet to form a metal supporting layer:
stamping a metal TC4 titanium alloy thin plate with the thickness of 0.05mm, forming a cooling liquid groove which is located in the middle area of the thin plate, has the depth of 0.3mm and the area accounting for 60% of the whole metal thin plate after stamping, forming a sealing groove which is located in the edge area of the thin plate, has the depth of 0.3mm and the width of 2.8mm, and forming a common hydrogen, cooling liquid and air inlet and outlet which are located at two ends of the thin plate.
S102-composite material molding to form a composite material flow field layer:
mixing natural graphite, epoxy resin and Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) according to a mass ratio of 79: 15: 6, dissolving in acetone solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment to form a composite precursor mixed solution. And removing the organic solvent from the composite precursor mixed solution in an oven at 30 ℃ to obtain composite precursor powder. And pouring the composite precursor powder into the mold cavity, flatly paving the composite precursor powder on the surface of one side of the metal supporting layer obtained in the step S101, and flatly paving the composite precursor powder in the sealing groove on the other side of the metal supporting layer. In order to prevent the composite precursor powder from flowing backwards, a mold which has the same structure as a cooling liquid flow field and does not comprise a sealing groove is used as a support, a male mold with a hydrogen or air flow field structure is used for mold pressing, the mold pressing pressure is 320MPa, and the composite single plate is obtained by pressure relief and demolding after the mold is kept for 1 h.
S103, thermally curing, bonding and molding the composite single plate to form the bipolar plate:
aligning two composite single plates respectively provided with a hydrogen flow field and an air flow field along the edge and the sealing groove, placing the two composite single plates in an anti-deformation clamp, carrying out thermosetting treatment in a 130 ℃ oven for 4h, and naturally cooling to obtain the bipolar plate. The thickness of the hydrogen flow field layer of the bipolar plate is 0.8mm, the thickness of the oxygen flow field layer is 0.8mm, and the overall thickness is 2.3 mm.
Example 3
S101-stamping a metal sheet to form a metal supporting layer:
stamping a stainless steel sheet 022Cr19Ni10 with the thickness of 0.12mm, forming a cooling liquid groove which is located in the middle area of the sheet and has the depth of 0.6mm and the area accounting for 85% of the whole metal sheet after stamping, forming a sealing groove which is located in the edge area of the sheet and has the depth of 0.6mm and the width of 3.0mm, and forming a common hydrogen, cooling liquid and air inlet and outlet which are located at two ends of the sheet.
S102-composite material molding to form a composite material flow field layer:
mixing artificial graphite, polyimide and Graphene (Graphene) according to a mass ratio of 85: 14: dissolving the mixture of 1 in absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly stirring to form a composite precursor mixed solution. And removing the organic solvent from the composite precursor mixed solution in an oven at 45 ℃ to obtain composite precursor powder. And pouring the composite precursor powder into the mold cavity, flatly paving the composite precursor powder on the surface of one side of the metal supporting layer obtained in the step S101, and flatly paving the composite precursor powder in the sealing groove on the other side of the metal supporting layer. In order to prevent the composite precursor powder from flowing backwards, a mold which has the same structure as a cooling liquid flow field and does not comprise a sealing groove is used as a support, a male mold with a hydrogen or air flow field structure is used for mold pressing, the mold pressing pressure is 180MPa, and the composite single plate is obtained by releasing pressure and demolding after the mold pressing is kept for 5 hours.
S103, thermally curing, bonding and molding the composite single plate to form the bipolar plate:
aligning two composite single plates respectively provided with a hydrogen flow field and an air flow field along the edge and the sealing groove, placing the two composite single plates in an anti-deformation clamp, carrying out thermosetting treatment in a 250 ℃ oven for 1h, and naturally cooling to obtain the bipolar plate. The thickness of the hydrogen flow field layer of the bipolar plate is 0.4mm, the thickness of the oxygen flow field layer is 0.4mm, and the overall thickness is 2.24 mm. The tensile strength of the bipolar plate reaches 805MPa, the contact angle is 130 degrees, and the practical application requirements are met.
Example 4
S101-stamping a metal sheet to form a metal supporting layer:
the stainless steel sheet 022Cr19Ni13Mo3 with the thickness of 0.10mm is punched, a cooling liquid groove with the depth of 0.5mm and the area accounting for 89% of the whole metal sheet is formed in the middle area of the sheet after punching, a sealing groove with the depth of 0.5mm and the width of 3.5mm is formed in the edge area of the sheet, and a common hydrogen, cooling liquid and air inlet and outlet are formed at two ends of the sheet.
S102-composite material molding to form a composite material flow field layer:
mixing expanded graphite, polyimide and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) according to a mass ratio of 76: 21: 3, dissolving in acetone solution, and uniformly stirring to form a composite precursor mixed solution. And removing the organic solvent from the composite precursor mixed solution in an oven at 45 ℃ to obtain composite precursor powder. And pouring the composite precursor powder into the mold cavity, flatly paving the composite precursor powder on the surface of one side of the metal supporting layer obtained in the step S101, and flatly paving the composite precursor powder in the sealing groove on the other side of the metal supporting layer. In order to prevent the composite precursor powder from flowing backwards, a mold which has the same structure as a cooling liquid flow field and does not comprise a sealing groove is used as a support, a male mold with a hydrogen or air flow field structure is used for mold pressing, the mold pressing pressure is 200MPa, and the composite single plate is obtained by releasing pressure and demolding after the mold pressing is kept for 4 hours.
S103, thermally curing, bonding and molding the composite single plate to form the bipolar plate:
aligning two composite single plates respectively provided with a hydrogen flow field and an air flow field along the edge and the sealing groove, placing the two composite single plates in an anti-deformation clamp, carrying out thermosetting treatment in a 250 ℃ oven for 1h, and naturally cooling to obtain the bipolar plate. The thickness of the hydrogen flow field layer of the bipolar plate is 1.0mm, the thickness of the oxygen flow field layer is 1.0mm, and the overall thickness is 3.20 mm.
In the description herein, references to the description of "a particular embodiment," "a particular example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (18)
1. A method of making a bipolar plate, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining a metal plate, and stamping the metal plate to form a metal supporting layer with a cooling liquid groove, wherein the depth of the cooling liquid groove is 0.3-0.6 mm, the orthographic projection area of the cooling liquid groove on the metal supporting layer accounts for 60-89% of the total area of the metal supporting layer, and the total area of the metal supporting layer is the orthographic projection area of the metal supporting layer in a plane parallel to the metal supporting layer;
obtaining composite precursor powder, wherein the composite precursor powder comprises a graphite material, a resin material and a conductive additive, the composite precursor powder is flatly paved on one side of the metal supporting layer, a composite flow field layer with a composite material flow field is formed on one side of the metal supporting layer through mould pressing, and the metal supporting layer and the composite flow field layer on the metal supporting layer form a composite single plate;
attaching and connecting the other sides of the metal supporting layers of the two composite veneers through a composite binder, wherein the components and the proportion of the composite binder are the same as those of the composite flow field layer material, the cooling liquid grooves of the two composite veneers jointly form a cooling liquid flow field, the composite material flow field of one of the two composite veneers forms a fuel flow field, and the composite material flow field of the other composite veneer forms an oxidant flow field, so as to obtain the bipolar plate;
wherein, when the metal plate is punched, a sealing groove is punched at the same time; when the composite precursor powder is paved on one side of the metal supporting layer, the composite precursor powder is paved on the sealing groove at the same time; and when the other side of the metal supporting layer of the two composite veneers is connected, aligning the edges of the two composite veneers and the sealing groove, placing the aligned composite veneers and the sealing groove into an anti-deformation clamp, carrying out thermosetting treatment, and naturally cooling to obtain the bipolar plate.
2. The method of manufacturing a bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the thermal curing process is 130 ℃ to 250 ℃, and the curing time of the thermal curing process is 1 hour to 5 hours.
3. The method of manufacturing a bipolar plate according to claim 2, wherein the depth of the sealing groove is 0.3mm to 0.6mm, and the width of the sealing groove is 2.0mm to 3.5 mm.
4. The method of manufacturing a bipolar plate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the metal plate is 0.05mm to 0.12 mm;
the thickness of the composite flow field layer is 0.4 mm-1.0 mm.
5. The method for producing a bipolar plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said obtaining a composite precursor powder comprises:
dissolving a graphite material, a resin material and a conductive additive in an acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and uniformly stirring or ultrasonically vibrating to form a composite precursor mixed solution;
and heating the composite precursor mixed solution to remove the organic solvent to obtain the composite precursor powder.
6. The method for producing a bipolar plate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the graphite material, the resin material and the conductive additive are mixed in a mass ratio of (60-85): (14-32): (1-8).
7. The method of manufacturing a bipolar plate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the graphite material includes one of expanded graphite, natural graphite, and artificial graphite;
the resin material comprises one of phenolic resin, epoxy resin and polyimide;
the conductive additive includes one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and vapor grown carbon fibers.
8. The method for manufacturing a bipolar plate according to claim 5, wherein the composite precursor mixture is heated in an oven at a temperature of 30 ℃ to 50 ℃.
9. The method of manufacturing a bipolar plate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the composite flow field layer having the composite flow field is formed on one side of the metal support layer by molding, the molding pressure is 180MPa to 320MPa and the molding retention time is 1h to 5 h.
10. A bipolar plate manufactured by the method for manufacturing a bipolar plate according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
the first composite veneer comprises a first metal supporting layer and a first composite flow field layer, wherein the first composite flow field layer is arranged on one side of the first metal supporting layer and is provided with a fuel flow field, a first cooling liquid groove is formed in the other side of the first metal supporting layer, the depth of the first cooling liquid groove is 0.3-0.6 mm, the orthographic projection area of the first cooling liquid groove on the first metal supporting layer accounts for 60-89% of the total area of the first metal supporting layer, and the total area of the first metal supporting layer is the orthographic projection area of the first metal supporting layer in a plane parallel to the first metal supporting layer;
the second composite veneer comprises a second metal supporting layer and a second composite flow field layer, the second composite flow field layer is arranged on one side of the second metal supporting layer and is provided with an oxidant flow field, a second cooling liquid groove is formed in the other side of the second metal supporting layer, the depth of the second cooling liquid groove is 0.3-0.6 mm, the orthographic projection area of the second cooling liquid groove on the second metal supporting layer accounts for 60-89% of the total area of the second metal supporting layer, and the total area of the second metal supporting layer is the orthographic projection area of the second metal supporting layer in a plane parallel to the second metal supporting layer;
the other side of the first metal supporting layer is connected with the other side of the second metal supporting layer through a composite binder, the components and the proportion of the composite binder are the same as those of the materials of the first composite flow field layer and the second composite flow field layer, and the first cooling liquid grooves and the second cooling liquid grooves jointly form a cooling liquid flow field;
the first and second composite flow field layers are of the same material and include a graphite material, a resin material, and a conductive additive.
11. The bipolar plate of claim 10, wherein the other side of the first metal support layer is provided with a first sealing groove, the other side of the second metal support layer is provided with a second sealing groove corresponding to the first sealing groove, and the composite adhesive is disposed in the first sealing groove and the second sealing groove.
12. The bipolar plate of claim 11 wherein the first metal support layer is configured with a first fuel inlet, a first oxidant inlet, a first coolant inlet, a first fuel outlet, a first oxidant outlet, and a first coolant outlet;
the second metal support layer is configured with a second fuel inlet, a second oxidant inlet, a second coolant inlet, a second fuel outlet, a second oxidant outlet, and a second coolant outlet;
the first fuel inlet and the second fuel inlet jointly form a fuel inlet communicated with the fuel flow field, the first oxidant inlet and the second oxidant inlet jointly form an oxidant inlet communicated with the oxidant flow field, the first cooling liquid inlet and the second cooling liquid inlet jointly form a cooling liquid inlet communicated with the cooling liquid flow field, the first fuel outlet and the second fuel outlet jointly form a fuel outlet communicated with the fuel flow field, the first oxidant outlet and the second oxidant outlet jointly form an oxidant outlet communicated with the oxidant flow field, and the first cooling liquid outlet and the second cooling liquid outlet jointly form a cooling liquid outlet communicated with the cooling liquid flow field.
13. The bipolar plate of claim 12 wherein the first seal groove is disposed adjacent an edge of the first metal support layer and surrounds the first coolant groove, the first fuel inlet, the first oxidant inlet, the first coolant inlet, the first fuel outlet, the first oxidant outlet, and the first coolant outlet;
the second seal groove is disposed adjacent to an edge of the second metal support layer and surrounds the second coolant groove, the second fuel inlet, the second oxidant inlet, the second coolant inlet, the second fuel outlet, the second oxidant outlet, and the second coolant outlet.
14. The bipolar plate of any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the depth of the first seal groove is 0.3mm to 0.6mm, and the width of the first seal groove is 2.0mm to 3.5 mm;
the depth of the second sealing groove is 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, and the width of the second sealing groove is 2.0 mm-3.5 mm.
15. The bipolar plate of any one of claims 10-13, wherein the first and second metal support layers are equal in thickness and are 0.05mm to 0.12 mm;
the first composite flow field layer and the second composite flow field layer are equal in thickness and are 0.4 mm-1.0 mm.
16. The bipolar plate of any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the material of the first and second metal support layers is the same and is one of stainless steel and a titanium alloy;
the mass ratio of the graphite material to the resin material to the conductive additive is (60-85): (14-32): (1-8).
17. The bipolar plate of claim 16, wherein said graphite material comprises one of expanded graphite, natural graphite, and artificial graphite;
the resin material comprises one of phenolic resin, epoxy resin and polyimide;
the conductive additive includes one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and vapor grown carbon fibers.
18. A fuel cell comprising a bipolar plate according to any one of claims 10 to 17.
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| CN108963294A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-07 | 大连交通大学 | A kind of proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal graphite composite bipolar plate preparation method |
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| US20050244703A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2005-11-03 | Paul Osenar | Membrane based electrochemical cell stacks |
| CN2694502Y (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-04-20 | 天津大学 | Double plates for combined type proton exchange film battery |
| CN106848362A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-06-13 | 清华大学 | The integrated light-duty pile of metallic graphite carbon composite bipolar plate fuel battery and its manufacture method |
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