CN215266375U - Single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate and fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate and fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN215266375U CN215266375U CN202121075707.0U CN202121075707U CN215266375U CN 215266375 U CN215266375 U CN 215266375U CN 202121075707 U CN202121075707 U CN 202121075707U CN 215266375 U CN215266375 U CN 215266375U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a three chamber fuel cell bipolar plates of veneer and fuel cell pile, three chamber fuel cell bipolar plates of veneer include bipolar plate veneer (3), bipolar plate veneer (3) one side be the anode side, the opposite side is the cathode side, the anode side set up many fuel gas runner (24), the cathode side set up many oxidizing gas runner (29), bipolar plate veneer (3) on still be equipped with a plurality of hollow coolant liquid runners (31) in its thickness direction. The fuel cell stack comprises bipolar plates and a membrane electrode assembly (1) which are stacked in series, wherein the bipolar plates adopt the single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plates. Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses can effectively reduce the gross thickness that multi-disc bipolar plate piles up, reduce the pile volume, promote the power density of pile to adapt to the requirement of high-power electricity generation pile.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of fuel cell, especially, relate to a three chamber type fuel cell bipolar plates of veneer and fuel cell pile.
Background
The fuel cell, especially the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) which is started at low temperature and runs efficiently, takes hydrogen as fuel, is an ideal new energy carrier for the traffic field, and is an important carrier for popularization and application of hydrogen energy. At present, the popularization of hydrogen energy and fuel cells encounters some obstacles. In the aspect of hydrogen energy, although the problems of high hydrogen production cost, inconvenience in filling, insufficient quantity of hydrogenation infrastructure and the like exist, with the continuous push of relevant hydrogen energy demonstration projects and the addition of large-scale energy enterprises, the problems are believed to be greatly developed in the near future and are finally solved. Compared with the prior art, the problems of high cost, insufficient reliability and durability of the fuel cell must be overcome from the technical aspect. At the present stage, the industry has made urgent demands for the design, development, and manufacturing of fuel cell stacks having large power generation and high energy conversion efficiency.
The fuel cell stack applied in the traffic field must have low weight and small volume, namely, ultrahigh power density; only in this way, can compare favourably with traditional internal-combustion engine, play big effect in fields such as passenger car, big bus, heavy truck, engineering machine and boats and ships. Ultra-high power densities require the use of light and thin materials in addition to high performance Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs), and can be achieved by using thinner gas diffusion layers, metal foils to make bipolar plates, polymers as end plates, etc. Of course, on the basis, the total thickness and the total mass of the single cells are effectively reduced through a smart structural design, the power generation performance and the service life of the electric pile are kept, and the power density of the electric pile can be further improved. Only then can the fuel cell really have competitive advantages in terms of power density, unit power cost, etc.
In the prior art, there are a number of patents on the preparation of fuel cell bipolar plates from graphite and metal. But are less patentable in respect of stacks involving ultra-thin metal plates. Among them, most of the domestic and foreign patents relate to the aspects of metal plate preparation, surface treatment, sealing technology and the like.
CN209016193 discloses a mixed bipolar plate of metal material and non-metal material. It is formed by nesting a stamped anode half-plate to a preformed cathode half-plate. Wherein, the anode half-plate is a metal plate, and the cathode half-plate is made of non-metal material. The utility model discloses an in, very easily leak gas behind the half board attenuate of negative pole, the effect of accessible metal half board play the choke prevents that negative and positive pole reaction gas from scurrying each other. Under the nested design of two half plates and the air blocking effect of the metal plates, the structure plays a role in reducing the volume of the galvanic pile. However, the design is complicated, and the combination of two different materials is prone to cause problems such as increased interface resistance and uneven stress affecting the mechanical strength of the non-metallic material.
CN201911301960.0 provides a preparation method of an ultrathin carbon/carbon composite bipolar plate, which comprises the steps of taking an ultrafine carbon fiber net tire as a base material, injecting composite high carbon residue slurry into the base material through hot dipping and a chemical vapor infiltration process, and then carrying out rough rolling, finish rolling, printing, trimming and the like on a pair of rollers to finally obtain the ultrathin high-strength high-conductivity C/C composite bipolar plate with low cost. The thickness of the bipolar plate reaches 0.16mm (without flow channels), the bending strength exceeds 150MPa, and the bulk conductance reaches 300S/cm.
CN201910260443.7 provides an ultrathin bipolar plate for a vanadium battery and a preparation method thereof. The utility model discloses an use resin material film as the substrate, will use the solution spraying that conductive function material made to the two side surfaces of substrate, through hot pressing technology solidification again to prepare out the runner. The thickness of the prepared bipolar plate can reach 30-1000 mu m, the longitudinal conductivity is more than 80S/cm, and the flexibility is good. The base material film is made of polyethylene, polypropylene or polystyrene material with the thickness of 15-115 mu m, and the material has high insulation and is a factor for restricting the conductivity.
CN201710931665.8 was also used for the preparation of ultra-thin bipolar plates by a process similar to CN 201910260443.7. However, the substrate plate is made of a metal having a thickness of 20 to 400 μm, such as stainless steel foil, gold foil, silver foil, copper foil, titanium foil, etc. And coating a polymer-based conductive adhesive layer on the metal base material by a screen printing process to form the superfine flow channel flow field. The total thickness of the bipolar plate can be reduced to 400 μm, the thickness of the conductive coating can reach 100 μm, the ridge width of the flow channel is 100 μm, and the groove width is 50 μm.
The ultra-thin bipolar plate of the utility model reduces the thickness of the bipolar plate from the material angle, and does not leave the application of non-metallic materials. However, due to the requirement of mechanical strength, the reduction of the thickness of the bipolar plate achieved by the application of non-metallic materials affects its vibration resistance, bending resistance and gas tightness, even at the expense of electrical and thermal conductivity, which is not worth compensating. In addition, the flow field has the function of transmitting cathode and anode reactants and cooling water so as to meet the requirements of the flow field on fluid during normal power generation, particularly high-current power generation, and the depth of the fluid groove cannot be too shallow, so that the bipolar plate is limited to be further thinned.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate and a fuel cell stack.
The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme:
a bipolar plate of single-plate three-cavity fuel cell comprises a bipolar plate single plate, wherein one side of the bipolar plate single plate is an anode side, the other side of the bipolar plate single plate is a cathode side, a plurality of fuel gas flow channels are arranged on the anode side, a plurality of oxidizing gas flow channels are arranged on the cathode side, and a plurality of hollow cooling liquid flow channels are arranged in the thickness direction of the bipolar plate single plate.
Preferably, the fuel gas flow channels and the oxidizing gas flow channels are alternately arranged in parallel.
Preferably, the cooling liquid channel is located at a position where the fuel gas channel and the oxidizing gas channel are staggered with each other, and the fuel gas channel, the oxidizing gas channel and the cooling liquid channel are parallel to each other.
Preferably, the flow directions of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas in the fuel gas flow passage and the oxidizing gas flow passage are opposite, a fuel gas inlet and a fuel gas outlet are correspondingly arranged at the gas inlet and outlet ends of the fuel gas flow passage, and an oxidizing gas inlet and an oxidizing gas outlet are correspondingly arranged at the gas inlet and outlet ends of the oxidizing gas flow passage.
Preferably, the fuel gas inlet, the fuel gas outlet, the oxidizing gas inlet and the oxidizing gas outlet are respectively formed as a plurality of independent small openings, each fuel gas flow channel is respectively and correspondingly provided with a fuel gas inlet and a fuel gas outlet, each oxidizing gas flow channel is respectively and correspondingly provided with an oxidizing gas inlet and an oxidizing gas outlet, on the anode side of the bipolar plate single plate, the fuel gas inlet, the fuel gas outlet and the fuel gas flow channel are in sealing fit through an anode sealing element to form a fuel gas flow field, and on the cathode side of the bipolar plate single plate, the oxidizing gas inlet, the oxidizing gas outlet and the oxidizing gas flow channel are in sealing fit through a cathode sealing element to form the fuel gas flow field.
Preferably, the fuel gas inlet and the oxidizing gas outlet are located at one end of a single plate of the bipolar plate, and the fuel gas inlet and the oxidizing gas outlet are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the fuel gas flow channel and the oxidizing gas flow channel;
the fuel gas outlet and the oxidizing gas inlet are positioned at the other end part of the single plate of the bipolar plate, and the fuel gas outlet and the oxidizing gas inlet are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the fuel gas flow passage and the oxidizing gas flow passage.
Preferably, the single plate of the bipolar plate is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet, the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet are communicated with the cooling liquid channel, and the cooling liquid inlet, the cooling liquid outlet and the cooling liquid channel are in sealing fit through an anode sealing element and a cathode sealing element to form a cooling liquid flow field.
Preferably, the bipolar plate single plate includes a metal plate.
Preferably, the fuel gas flow channel and the oxidizing gas flow channel include straight flow channels, and correspondingly, the coolant flow channel includes a bar-shaped cavity having a square cross section.
A fuel cell stack comprises a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode assembly which are stacked in series, wherein the bipolar plate is the single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of as follows:
(1) the utility model discloses the structure of "three chambeies of veneer" has innovatively been adopted, arrange fuel gas and oxidizing gas flow field in the positive and negative both sides of bipolar plate veneer, the coolant liquid flow field is arranged inside the bipolar plate veneer, fuel gas, oxidizing gas and coolant liquid flow in respective runner, mutually noninterfere, this innovative polar plate structure is different from the traditional bipolar plate structure that forms by two polar plate welding that have different flow fields, can effectively reduce the gross thickness that multi-disc bipolar plate piles up, reduce the pile volume, promote the power density of pile, thereby adapt to the requirement of high-power electricity generation pile.
(2) The utility model discloses fuel gas import, the fuel gas export, a plurality of independent osculums are set to respectively to oxidizing gas import and oxidizing gas export, and form parallel alternative form with fuel gas runner and oxidizing gas runner one-to-one, the reasonable application of sealing member can prevent scurrying each other of import department fuel gas and oxidizing gas, reactant gas can follow the direct inflow active area of import, the distribution area of traditional bipolar plate has been reduced, it is compacter to make the flow field arrange, when not increasing the polar plate area, ensure the required area of active area.
(3) The utility model discloses the cavity that the route that the coolant liquid flows constitutes by two polar plates of negative pole and positive pole in traditional structure changes into the inside hollow coolant liquid runner of bipolar plate veneer, and on the one hand, the coolant liquid flows in inclosed runner, has reduced the outer possibility of leaking of coolant liquid, and on the other hand, the coolant liquid flow field of refining arranges the heat dissipation that makes the positive and negative two sides of polar plate evenly fast more, avoids the overheated a series of problems that bring of pile operational environment.
(4) The utility model discloses the innovation structure of "three chamber of veneer" is integrated for a board with fuel gas flow field, oxidation gas flow field and coolant flow field, changes the structure that traditional bipolar plate formed by two polar plate welding that have different gas flow fields, the utility model discloses only need pile up the polar plate in the pile assembling process to prevent by the sealing member that reaction gas from scurrying each other, simplified the assembly process greatly, in addition, because spare part quantity reduces, the utility model discloses an innovation structure only needs one set of process flow, is favorable to practicing thrift the cost.
(5) The flow field of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas of the utility model can be processed by the traditional processes of metal material casting, investment/lost wax casting, injection casting, etching and the like; the cooling liquid flow field is positioned in the thickness direction of the metal plate material, so that the processing is difficult, and the processing can be performed by adopting novel processes such as injection molding, 3D printing and the like besides the processing methods such as investment/lost wax casting, injection casting, powder metallurgy and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an anode side of a single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cathode side of a single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a partial schematic view of a single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along plane A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion A1 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of an anode seal according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a cathode seal according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled single-plate three-chamber fuel cell bipolar plate and membrane electrode of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an exploded view of a fuel cell stack assembled by single-plate three-chamber fuel cell bipolar plates according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the flow of fuel gas through the fuel gas manifold in a fuel cell stack according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the flow of coolant through coolant manifolds in a fuel cell stack according to the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view showing the flow of the oxidizing gas through the oxidizing gas manifold in the fuel cell stack according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a membrane electrode assembly, 2 is an anode seal, 3 is a bipolar plate single plate, 4 is a cathode seal, 5 is a front end current collecting plate, 6 is a front end insulating plate, 7 is a front end plate, 8 is a fuel gas and coolant inlet joint, 9 is a fuel gas and coolant outlet joint, 10 is a rear end current collecting plate, 11 is a rear end insulating plate, 12 is a rear end plate, 13 is an oxidizing gas outlet joint, 14 is an oxidizing gas inlet joint, 15 is a fuel gas inlet joint, 16 is a fuel gas outlet joint, 17 is a flow path of fuel gas, 20 is a flow path of coolant, 21 is a flow path of oxidizing gas, 22 is a coolant outlet, 23 is a fuel gas outlet, 24 is a fuel gas flow channel, 25 is a fuel gas inlet, 26 is an inner positioning hole, 27 is a coolant inlet, 28 is an oxidizing gas inlet, 29 is an oxidizing gas flow channel, 30 is an oxidizing gas outlet, 31 is a cooling liquid flow passage, 32 is an MEA supporting frame, 33 is anode carbon paper, 34 is a proton exchange membrane, 35 is cathode carbon paper, H1 is the thickness of the bottom of a sealing groove on the front and back sides of a bipolar plate, H2 is the thickness of an anode sealing element, H3 is the thickness of a cathode sealing element, H4 is the thickness of the bipolar plate, HA1 is the height of the anode sealing element above the surface of the polar plate before being compressed, HA2 is the depth of the fuel gas flow passage, HC1 is the height of the cathode sealing element above the surface of the polar plate before being compressed, HC2 is the depth of the oxidizing gas flow passage, and HW1 is the height of the cooling liquid flow passage.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Note that the following description of the embodiments is merely an example of the nature, and the present invention is not intended to limit the application or the use thereof, and the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate includes a bipolar plate single plate 3, and the bipolar plate single plate 3 includes a metal plate. The bipolar plate single plate 3 has an anode side on one side and a cathode side on the other side, the anode side is provided with a plurality of fuel gas flow channels 24, the cathode side is provided with a plurality of oxidizing gas flow channels 29, and the bipolar plate single plate 3 is also provided with a plurality of hollow coolant flow channels 31 in the thickness direction. In this embodiment, the fuel gas is hydrogen gas, and the oxidizing gas is air.
The fuel gas flow channels 24 and the oxidizing gas flow channels 29 are alternately arranged in parallel, the coolant flow channels 31 are located at positions where the fuel gas flow channels 24 and the oxidizing gas flow channels 29 are staggered from each other, and the fuel gas flow channels 24, the oxidizing gas flow channels 29, and the coolant flow channels 31 are arranged in parallel with each other. In the present embodiment, the fuel gas flow passage 24 and the oxidizing gas flow passage 29 include linear flow passages, and correspondingly, the coolant flow passage 31 includes a bar-shaped cavity having a square cross section. It should be noted that: the fuel gas flow channel 24 and the oxidizing gas flow channel 29 can also be set to be parallel and wavy, and the cooling liquid flow channel 31 is set to be a wavy cavity with a corresponding shape, and the specific shape of the flow channel can be properly changed.
The fuel gas and the oxidizing gas in the fuel gas flow passage 24 and the oxidizing gas flow passage 29 are in opposite directions, and a fuel gas inlet 25 and a fuel gas outlet 23 are provided at the gas inlet and outlet ends of the fuel gas flow passage 24, respectively, and an oxidizing gas inlet 28 and an oxidizing gas outlet 30 are provided at the inlet and outlet ends of the oxidizing gas flow passage 29, respectively. The fuel gas inlet 25, the fuel gas outlet 23, the oxidizing gas inlet 28 and the oxidizing gas outlet 30 are respectively provided with a plurality of independent small openings, each fuel gas flow passage 24 is respectively and correspondingly provided with a fuel gas inlet 25 and a fuel gas outlet 23, each oxidizing gas flow passage 29 is respectively and correspondingly provided with an oxidizing gas inlet 28 and an oxidizing gas outlet 30, on the anode side of the bipolar plate single plate 3, the fuel gas inlet 25, the fuel gas outlet 23 and the fuel gas flow passage 24 are in sealing fit through an anode sealing element 2 to form a fuel gas flow field, and on the cathode side of the bipolar plate 3, the oxidizing gas inlet 28, the oxidizing gas outlet 30 and the oxidizing gas flow passage 29 are in sealing fit through a cathode sealing element 4 to form the fuel gas flow field. The fuel gas inlet 25 and the oxidizing gas outlet 30 are positioned at one end of the bipolar plate single plate 3, and the fuel gas inlet 25 and the oxidizing gas outlet 30 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the fuel gas flow channel 24 and the oxidizing gas flow channel 29; the fuel gas outlet 23 and the oxidizing gas inlet 28 are located at the other end portion of the bipolar plate single plate 3, and the fuel gas outlet 23 and the oxidizing gas inlet 28 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the fuel gas flow channels 24 and the oxidizing gas flow channels 29. The bipolar plate single plate 3 is provided with a cooling liquid inlet 27 and a cooling liquid outlet 22, the cooling liquid inlet 27 and the cooling liquid outlet 22 are communicated with a cooling liquid flow passage 31, and the cooling liquid inlet 27, the cooling liquid outlet 22 and the cooling liquid flow passage 31 are in sealing fit through an anode sealing element 2 and a cathode sealing element 4 to form a cooling liquid flow field.
Specifically, referring to the schematic plan views of the anode side and cathode side of the bipolar plates in fig. 1 and 2, it can be seen from the plan view of the anode side of the bipolar plates that the fuel gas inlet connector 15 enters the stack from the fuel gas inlet connector 15, passes through each fuel gas inlet 25 formed by the anode sealing member 2, flows through each fuel gas flow channel 24 of the active region to participate in the electrochemical reaction, and the residual gas exits the stack through each fuel gas outlet 23 also formed by the anode sealing member 2. The metal plate of the "single-plate three-cavity" has a hollow structure, after the coolant enters the stack from the coolant inlet joint 18, the coolant passes through the coolant inlet 27 on each single cell, flows through the coolant flow channel 31 (not visible in the figure) inside the metal plate to take away the heat generated by the reaction, and the coolant flows out from the coolant outlet 22. As can be seen from the cathode side plan view of the bipolar plates, after the oxidizing gas (air) enters the stack from the oxidizing gas inlet connection 14, it flows through the oxidizing gas flow channels 29 of the active region through the oxidizing gas inlets 28 formed by the cathode seals 4 to participate in the electrochemical reaction, and the residual gas exits the stack through the oxidizing gas outlets 30 also formed by the cathode seals 4. The flow field distribution of the cathode and the anode of the metal bipolar plate with the single plate and the three cavities adopts air/hydrogen reverse flow, which is beneficial to reducing the outlet temperature of the galvanic pile, and the moisture distribution in a monocell is more uniform through the water permeation function of a proton exchange membrane in the MEA, thereby improving the performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC).
As shown in fig. 3-5, the cross-sectional views of the bipolar plate can visually reflect the groove depth of each flow channel, so as to further observe the structural features of the bipolar plate. H1 is the thickness of the bottom of the seal groove on the front and back sides of the bipolar plate, H2 is the thickness of the anode seal, H3 is the thickness of the cathode seal, H4 is the thickness of the bipolar plate, HA1 is the height of the anode seal above the surface of the plate before compression, HA2 is the depth of the fuel gas flow channel, HC1 is the height of the cathode seal above the surface of the plate before compression, HC2 is the depth of the oxidizing gas flow channel, and HW1 is the height of the coolant flow channel. Different from conventional design, the utility model discloses an innovation point lies in, the cavity that two polar plates of negative pole and positive pole constitute in the route that the coolant liquid flows is by traditional structure, changes into the inside hollow coolant liquid runner of metal sheet, can effectively reduce the thickness of bipolar plate, makes the pile arrange compacter, is favorable to promoting the volume power density of pile.
Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the anode seal 2, and fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of the cathode seal 4. The anode seal 2 and cathode seal 4 are typically made of elastomeric materials including, but not limited to, materials such as polyacrylates, copolymers, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, silicone, ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM), fluorosilicone rubber, fluoro-elastomers (FKM), and the like. The main functions of the anode seal 2 and the cathode seal 4 are: (1) preventing fuel gas (hydrogen) and oxidizing gas (air) from leaking out of the stack; (2) preventing the mutual leakage (inner leakage) among the inlets and outlets of the fuel gas (hydrogen), the oxidizing gas (air) and the cooling liquid;
figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of two plates and one MEA assembled, with the upper edges of the anode seal 2 and cathode seal 4 slightly above the bipolar plate single plate 3 at the plate edges. After the single cell components are stacked and compressed, the sealing element material is pressed to deform, gaps between the polar plates can be actively filled, and hydrogen and air are prevented from channeling with each other. MEA support frame 32 wraps around the edges of proton exchange membrane 34 and contacts anode carbon paper 33 and cathode carbon paper 35. The sealing members 2 and 4 have suitable elastic modulus to match with the good contact relationship between the MEA and the electrode plate, so that the contact resistance between the MEA and the electrode plate can be reduced while ensuring good air tightness of the stack.
As shown in fig. 9 to 12, the present embodiment further provides a fuel cell stack, where the fuel cell stack includes a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode assembly 1 stacked in series, and the bipolar plate is a single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the fuel cell stack is mainly formed by connecting a plurality of repeated single cells in series, and the single cell structure comprises a membrane electrode assembly 1, an anode sealing member 2, a bipolar plate single plate 3 and a cathode sealing member 4. The two ends of the single cell assembly are respectively provided with a front end current collecting plate 5, a rear end current collecting plate 10, a front end insulating plate 6, a rear end insulating plate 11, a front end plate 7 and a rear end plate 12, and all the components are tightly pressed through bolts to form the fuel cell capable of generating electricity; the membrane electrode assembly 1, the anode sealing element 2, the bipolar plate 3, the cathode sealing element 4 and other components are repeatedly added to a certain number, so that a high-power generation electric pile can be formed.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 10, the fuel gas and coolant inlet header 8 and the fuel gas and coolant outlet header 9 are arranged on the same side of the stack, wherein the fuel gas inlet header 15 and the fuel gas outlet header 16 are located on the same horizontal line. As seen in the enlarged view, fuel gas (hydrogen) enters the stack through a fuel gas inlet fitting 15 and flows through the anode reaction zone of each cell through the fuel gas inlets in the bipolar plate. The residual gas after the electrochemical reaction flows out from the fuel gas outlet joint 16.
As shown in fig. 11, the coolant enters the stack from the coolant inlet joint 18, and enters the active region of the single cell through the metal plate coolant channel having a hollow structure to take away the heat generated by the reaction, so that the reaction temperature of the stack is always kept within a certain range, thereby ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the stack. The coolant after absorbing the heat flows out from the coolant outlet joint 19.
As shown in fig. 12, the oxidizing gas inlet joint 14 is located on the same horizontal line as the oxidizing gas outlet joint 13. As seen in the enlarged detail view, the oxidant gas (air) enters the stack from the oxidant gas inlet fitting 14 and flows through the cathode reaction zone of each cell through the oxidant gas inlet on the bipolar plate. The residual gas after the electrochemical reaction flows out from the oxidizing gas outlet port 13.
The utility model discloses the effect of each essential element in the device:
the bipolar plate single plate 3: the front and back surfaces of the bipolar plate with the 'single-plate three-cavity' structure are respectively provided with a fuel gas flow field and an oxidizing gas flow field, a plurality of gas inlets promote reaction gas to be shunted in advance, and the reaction gas is uniformly distributed in an active region under the guidance of parallel flow channels, so that the stable proceeding of electrochemical reaction is ensured. The cooling liquid flow channel is arranged in the hollow metal polar plate, so that heat generated by reaction is continuously taken away, and a series of problems caused by overheating of the galvanic pile are prevented.
Membrane electrode assembly 1: the three-in-one power generation unit is formed by a proton exchange membrane, and an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer coated on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane. The proton exchange membrane separates a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas, and generates an electric current by using a hydrogen oxidation reaction on the anode side and an oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode side as the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell, respectively, thereby performing an electric work to the outside.
Principle of operation
The operating principle of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is as follows:
1. the hydrogen gas is subjected to the following reaction under the action of an anode catalyst:
H2→2H++2e-
2. the hydrogen ions reach the cathode through the electrolyte, the electrons reach the cathode through an external circuit, and the electrons react with oxygen to generate water under the action of a cathode catalyst, and the reaction formula is as follows:
2H++2e-+1/2O2→H2O
3. taken together, the overall reaction in a hydrogen fuel cell is:
2H2+O2→H2O
it is through the cell reaction that the cell outputs electrical energy to the outside, and the fuel cell can continuously generate electrical energy as long as the supply of hydrogen and air or oxygen is ensured. For the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, because of not being restricted by Carnot cycle, the ideal maximum conversion efficiency under the standard state is 83%, and in practical application, because of various conditions, the practical efficiency of the fuel cell system is about 45% -60%.
In this embodiment, the fuel gas flow channel depth HA2 in the bipolar plate single plate 3 is set to 0.4mm, the oxidizing gas flow channel depth HC2 is set to 0.4mm, the coolant flow channel depth HW1 is set to 0.3mm, the total thickness H4 of the bipolar plate single plate is 0.5mm, compared with the thickness of the traditional metal plate about 1.0mm, the thickness of the plate of the present invention is reduced by 50%. The stacking thickness of the bipolar plate usually accounts for 40-50% of the total length of the stack; this means that the volumetric specific power density of the fuel cell will be increased by 20% to 25% without changing the thickness of all components (including front and rear end plates, collector plates, MEA, etc.) except the bipolar plates under the same performance conditions and test conditions of the membrane electrode assembly 1.
The utility model has the advantages as follows:
(1) regarding the stack thickness: the utility model discloses the structure of "three chambers of veneer" has innovatively been adopted, arrange fuel gas and oxidizing gas flow field in bipolar plate veneer 3's positive and negative both sides, the coolant liquid flow field is arranged inside bipolar plate veneer 3, fuel gas, oxidizing gas and coolant liquid flow in respective runner, mutually noninterfere, this innovative polar plate structure is different from the traditional bipolar plate structure that forms by two polar plate welding that have different flow fields, can effectively reduce the gross thickness that multi-disc bipolar plate piles up, reduce the pile volume, promote the power density of pile, thereby adapt to the requirement of high-power electricity generation pile.
(2) Regarding the reactant gas inlet distribution: the utility model discloses fuel gas inlet 25, fuel gas outlet 23, a plurality of independent osculums are set respectively to oxidizing gas inlet 28 and oxidizing gas outlet 30, and form parallel alternate form with fuel gas runner 24 and oxidizing gas runner 29 one-to-one, the reasonable application of sealing member can prevent scurrying each other of import department fuel gas and oxidizing gas, reactant gas can follow the direct inflow active region of import, the distribution district area of traditional bipolar plate has been reduced, it is compacter to make the flow field arrange, when not increasing the polar plate area, ensure the required area of active region.
(3) Regarding coolant flow field arrangement: the utility model discloses the cavity that the route that the coolant liquid flows constitutes by two polar plates of negative pole and positive pole in traditional structure changes into 3 inside hollow coolant liquid runners 31 of bipolar plate veneer, and on the one hand, the coolant liquid flows in inclosed runner, has reduced the outer possibility of leaking of coolant liquid, and on the other hand, the coolant liquid flow field of densification is arranged and is impeld the heat dissipation on the positive and negative two sides of polar plate evenly more quick, avoids the overheated a series of problems that bring of pile operational environment.
(4) Regarding the assembly: the utility model discloses the innovation structure of "three chamber of veneer" is integrated for a board with fuel gas flow field, oxidation gas flow field and coolant flow field, changes the structure that traditional bipolar plate formed by two polar plate welding that have different gas flow fields, the utility model discloses only need pile up the polar plate in the pile assembling process to prevent by the sealing member that reaction gas from scurrying each other, simplified the assembly process greatly, in addition, because spare part quantity reduces, the utility model discloses an innovation structure only needs one set of process flow, is favorable to practicing thrift the cost.
(5) Regarding the processing and manufacturing process: the flow field of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas of the utility model can be processed by the traditional processes of metal material casting, investment/lost wax casting, injection casting, etching and the like; the cooling liquid flow field is positioned in the thickness direction of the metal plate material, so that the processing is difficult, and the processing can be performed by adopting novel processes such as injection molding, 3D printing and the like besides the processing methods such as investment/lost wax casting, injection casting, powder metallurgy and the like.
The above embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention. These embodiments may be implemented in other various manners, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The bipolar plate is characterized by comprising a bipolar plate single plate (3), wherein one side of the bipolar plate single plate (3) is an anode side, the other side of the bipolar plate single plate is a cathode side, a plurality of fuel gas flow channels (24) are arranged on the anode side, a plurality of oxidizing gas flow channels (29) are arranged on the cathode side, and a plurality of hollow cooling liquid flow channels (31) are further arranged in the thickness direction of the bipolar plate single plate (3).
2. A single plate, three chamber fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein said fuel gas flow channels (24) and said oxidizing gas flow channels (29) are arranged alternately in parallel.
3. A single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 2, wherein the cooling liquid flow channel (31) is located at a position where the fuel gas flow channel (24) and the oxidizing gas flow channel (29) are staggered from each other, and the fuel gas flow channel (24), the oxidizing gas flow channel (29) and the cooling liquid flow channel (31) are parallel to each other.
4. A single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the fuel gas flow channels (24) and the oxidizing gas flow channels (29) have opposite flow directions of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas, a fuel gas inlet (25) and a fuel gas outlet (23) are correspondingly arranged at the gas inlet and outlet ends of the fuel gas flow channels (24), and an oxidizing gas inlet (28) and an oxidizing gas outlet (30) are correspondingly arranged at the gas inlet and outlet ends of the oxidizing gas flow channels (29).
5. The bipolar plate of a single-plate three-cavity fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the fuel gas inlet (25), the fuel gas outlet (23), the oxidizing gas inlet (28) and the oxidizing gas outlet (30) are respectively formed as a plurality of independent small openings, each fuel gas channel (24) is respectively and correspondingly provided with a fuel gas inlet (25) and a fuel gas outlet (23), each oxidizing gas channel (29) is respectively and correspondingly provided with an oxidizing gas inlet (28) and an oxidizing gas outlet (30), on the anode side of the bipolar plate (3), the fuel gas inlet (25), the fuel gas outlet (23) and the fuel gas channel (24) are in sealing fit through an anode sealing member (2) to form a fuel gas flow field, on the cathode side of the bipolar plate (3), the oxidizing gas inlet (28) and the oxidizing gas outlet (30) are respectively and correspondingly formed in a plurality of independent small openings, and each fuel gas channel (24) is correspondingly provided with one fuel gas inlet (25) and one oxidizing gas outlet (30), and each oxidizing gas channel (28) is provided with one oxidizing gas channel, and each other channel (24) and each other is provided with one oxidizing gas channel (30) and each other corresponding to form one anode sealing member, and the other, respectively The oxidizing gas outlet (30) and the oxidizing gas flow channel (29) are in sealing fit through the cathode sealing member (4) to form a fuel gas flow field.
6. A single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 5, wherein the fuel gas inlet (25) and the oxidizing gas outlet (30) are located at one end of the bipolar plate single plate (3), and the fuel gas inlet (25) and the oxidizing gas outlet (30) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the fuel gas flow channel (24) and the oxidizing gas flow channel (29);
the fuel gas outlet (23) and the oxidizing gas inlet (28) are positioned at the other end part of the bipolar plate single plate (3), and the fuel gas outlet (23) and the oxidizing gas inlet (28) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the fuel gas flow channel (24) and the oxidizing gas flow channel (29).
7. The bipolar plate of a single-plate three-cavity fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a cooling fluid inlet (26) and a cooling fluid outlet (22) are formed in the single plate (3) of the bipolar plate, the cooling fluid inlet (26) and the cooling fluid outlet (22) are communicated with the cooling fluid channel (31), and the cooling fluid inlet (26), the cooling fluid outlet (22) and the cooling fluid channel (31) are in sealing fit with the anode sealing member (2) and the cathode sealing member (4) to form a cooling fluid field.
8. A single-plate three-chamber fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein said bipolar plate single plate (3) comprises a metal plate.
9. A single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 3, wherein said fuel gas flow channels (24) and said oxidizing gas flow channels (29) comprise straight flow channels, and correspondingly, said coolant flow channels (31) comprise strip-shaped cavities with a square cross section.
10. A fuel cell stack comprising bipolar plates and a membrane electrode assembly (1) stacked in series, wherein the bipolar plates are the single-plate three-chamber fuel cell bipolar plates according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202121075707.0U CN215266375U (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | Single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate and fuel cell stack |
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| CN202121075707.0U CN215266375U (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | Single-plate three-cavity fuel cell bipolar plate and fuel cell stack |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115149025A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-04 | 厦门大学 | Hydrogen fuel cell controllable deformation bipolar plate and flow channel structure dynamic regulation and control method |
| CN116611253A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-18 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Monopole board design method, monopole board design device, computer equipment and storage medium |
-
2021
- 2021-05-19 CN CN202121075707.0U patent/CN215266375U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115149025A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-04 | 厦门大学 | Hydrogen fuel cell controllable deformation bipolar plate and flow channel structure dynamic regulation and control method |
| CN116611253A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-18 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Monopole board design method, monopole board design device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN116611253B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2024-04-16 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Monopole board design method, monopole board design device, computer equipment and storage medium |
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