CN109856681B - Process analysis method for describing morphological change of water channel along direction of material source - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process analysis method for describing morphological change of a water channel along a material source direction, which comprises the following steps: A. dividing plane sections according to the change of the water channel centerline trajectory; B. dividing longitudinal section sections according to the change of the water course Honggao line; C. identifying a special landform according to the gradient difference of the longitudinal section; D. calibrating the change of the scale of the water channel by using a regression equation; E. the symmetry of the water channel is expressed by calculating the average value of the parameters of the half side of the water channel; F. and (3) characterizing the morphological evolution degree of the water channels in different sections by using the Jacard distance. The method can effectively utilize different types of characterization parameters to divide the water channel into different sections along the flow direction and analyze the morphological evolution characteristics of the water channel in the different sections. In the engineering field, the data about the bank overflow deposition and the fluid migration in the analysis result of the method can show the distribution pattern of silt on both sides of the water channel and in the water channel, thereby helping to predict the distribution of favorable reservoirs on both sides of the water channel and in the water channel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to geological resources and geological engineering, in particular to a process analysis method for describing morphological changes of a water channel along a material source direction.
Background
The deep water channel is an important channel for conveying sediments to a basin by a land frame, and is also an important place for storing oil and gas. The water channel form can reflect the deep water sedimentation process and the motion mechanism of turbidity current, so the research on the form evolution of the deep water channel is very important in the aspect of deep sea energy exploration. The three-dimensional seismic exploration technology is an important method in geophysical exploration and can provide three-dimensional morphological characteristics of a deep water channel for researchers.
In recent years, a large number of researchers have utilized three-dimensional seismic data to measure the plane and profile characterization parameters of deep water channels, thereby analyzing and studying the geometric morphological characteristics of deep water channels. Although the characterization parameters can represent the macroscopic morphological characteristics of the water channel, the morphological evolution trend and the evolution scale of the water channel along with the flow distance cannot be effectively represented. In the fields of geological resources and geological engineering, researchers only describe the shape and size of different positions of a water channel by using characterization parameters, however, the traditional research mode cannot efficiently use a large number of multi-type characterization parameters, namely, the characterization parameters are used too singly, and effective connection is rarely established among different parameters.
At present, a method capable of reflecting the morphological evolution process of the deepwater water channel according to the characterization parameters is unavailable, analysis on the morphology of the water channel is limited to calibrating the change of the characterization parameters of the water channel at different positions, the analysis on the relation between the characterization parameters is too rough, and the research and analysis on the change trend and the change degree of the water channel are hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a process analysis method for describing the morphological change of a water channel along the direction of a source, aiming at utilizing different types of characterization parameters to contrastively analyze the morphological evolution characteristics of the deep water channel in different stages and utilizing a statistical and data mining method to represent the amplitude of the morphological change of the water channel.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process analysis method for describing the morphological change of a water channel along the direction of a material source comprises the following steps:
A. dividing plane sections according to the change of the water channel midline locus: according to the curvature change of the center line of the water channel in the downstream direction, dividing the water channel into different sections on a plane according to the center line track;
B. dividing longitudinal section sections according to the change of a water course hong rice noodle: dividing sections of the water channel on the longitudinal section for the second time according to the change of the water channel hong grain line in the downstream direction; calculating the slope sine value between adjacent coordinate points on the hong millet line, and classifying the continuous coordinate points with similar sine values into a section, namely a longitudinal section;
C. identifying a special landform according to gradient difference of the longitudinal section: identifying a 'Nick point' section and a migrating bed sand form according to the slope sine value of the longitudinal section;
D. calibrating the change of the scale of the water channel by using a regression equation: performing linear regression on the numerical changes of the width and the depth in each longitudinal section, and representing a regression result by using a quadratic equation; calibrating the amplitude of the form change of the water channel by calculating the derivative of a quadratic equation; analyzing the influence of gradient change on the form evolution of the water channel by comparing equation derivatives of continuous longitudinal section sections;
E. the symmetry of the channel is represented by calculating the average value of the parameters of the half-edge of the channel: making difference values of half parameters of all cross sections in each plane section, and analyzing the influence of curvature change on the morphological evolution of the water channel by calculating and comparing the average value of the half parameter difference values of the continuous plane sections;
F. the Jacard distance is utilized to characterize the morphological evolution degree of the water channels of different longitudinal section sections: calculating the Jacard distance of the characteristic parameters of every two adjacent longitudinal section sections, and showing the difference or similarity of the morphological parameters of width, depth and gradient in the evolution process of the water channel through the Jacard distance.
Preferably, in the step A, the vertical part of the midline locus is classified as a vertical water channel section; the part of the midline locus which is slightly curved and has low amplitude fluctuation in shape is classified as a low-curved water channel section; the very curved and U-shaped portion of the midline locus is referred to as the curved waterway section.
Preferably, in step B, if the segment divided in the longitudinal section crosses both the plane segments, the longitudinal section is divided into two longitudinal section segments.
Preferably, in step C, the section of the longitudinal section with the larger gradient is sandwiched between the two sections of the longitudinal section with the smaller gradient, and the middle section of the longitudinal section is identified as a 'niche point'; periodic variation of the successive longitudinal section sections, these successive longitudinal section sections are identified as migrating bed sand, i.e.: 'retrograde dunes' or 'gullies and gullies'.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a process analysis method for describing morphological changes of a water channel along a material source direction, which can effectively utilize different types of characterization parameters to divide the water channel into different sections along a flow direction and analyze the morphological evolution characteristics of the water channel in the different sections. And establishing a relation between the characterization parameters by using a mathematical statistics and data mining method so as to express the trend and the amplitude of the water channel form change. In the engineering field, the data about the bank overflow deposition and the fluid migration in the analysis result of the method can show the distribution pattern of silt on both sides of the water channel and in the water channel, thereby helping to predict the distribution of favorable reservoirs on both sides of the water channel and in the water channel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not limiting on the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of characterization parameters used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of parameters used in the calculation of curvature in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the plane segment division according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the segmentation and slope calculation of the longitudinal section in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the present invention identifying the Nick points based on the change in segment slope;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the identification of a migrating bed sand pattern according to a segment slope change in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the variation trend of the calibration characterization parameters according to the division of longitudinal section sections in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the variation trend of the calibration characterization parameters according to the division of the plane sections in the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the variation range of the characteristic parameters between the longitudinal section sections obtained according to the Jacobsad distance in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of the word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, in this disclosure is intended to mean that the elements or items listed before that word, include the elements or items listed after that word, and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The characterization parameter types used for analyzing and comparing morphological evolution of the method are shown in figure 1 and respectively include maximum width of a water channel, minimum width of the water channel, maximum depth of the water channel, minimum depth of the water channel, left width of the water channel, right width of the water channel, left slope of the water channel, right slope of the water channel and the like. These characterization parameters can be manually interpreted from the three-dimensional seismic data.
A process analysis method for describing the form change of a water channel along the direction of a material source comprises the following steps:
A. dividing plane sections according to the change of the water channel midline locus: as shown in fig. 2, the plane trajectory of the water channel is represented by the water channel center line, and the curvature S of the water channel is calculated by the center line length L of the segment point on the water channel center line and the length N of the straight line between the two points, and is expressed as follows:
S＝L/N (1)
as shown in fig. 3, since the curvature change of the center line of the water channel in the downstream direction is very obvious and intuitive, the water channel in fig. 3 is divided into 3 plane sections according to the change of the curvature of the center line, and the vertical part of the center line track is classified as a vertical water channel section (section a in the figure); the part of the midline locus that is slightly curved and has low amplitude fluctuations in form is classified as a low-curvature waterway section (section C in the figure); the very curved and U-shaped portion of the midline locus is designated as the curved waterway section (section B in the figure).
The curvatures of the different planar segments can be calculated by means of the formula (1)The length L of the middle line is determined by the sum of the distances between two adjacent points on the middle line between the segmentation points, and if n points are shared between the segmentation points, the point is determined by PnExpressed in the x coordinate of a point of
The y coordinate of the point is
The equation for the centerline length L is then expressed as follows:
the length N of the straight line is calculated by the x and y coordinates of two segmentation points, and the starting point and the end point of the segmentation are respectively calculated by PsAnd PeAnd then, the calculation formula of the straight line length N is as follows:
and marking the different plane sections as vertical, low-bending and bending water channel sections according to the calculated water channel curvature S. The plane section with the water channel curvature S smaller than 1.1 is a vertical section; the water channel curvature S is between 1.1 and 1.3, and is a low-bending section, and the section is fluctuated with low amplitude on the plane; the curvature S of the waterway is greater than 1.3 for curved sections, such sections approximating a U-shaped curve in the plane.
B. Dividing longitudinal section sections according to the change of a water course hong rice noodle: the water course section is divided in the longitudinal section twice according to the change of the water course hong grain line in the downstream direction. Calculating the slope sine value between adjacent coordinate points on the hong millet line, and classifying the continuous coordinate points with similar sine values into a section, namely a longitudinal section. If the divided section of the longitudinal section passes through two plane sections, the section of the longitudinal section is divided into two sections of the longitudinal section. Typically the longitudinal section is substantially smaller in length than the planar section, and thus a planar section comprises a plurality of longitudinal section sections. As shown in fig. 4, the longitudinal section is divided according to the slope variation trend of the water course; the calculation of the slope of fig. 4 is based on coordinates of a point on the waterway body grain line.
The segmentation points are obtained by a statistical method similar to iteration, and the content of iteration is the gradient G of two continuous adjacent pointspLet two points be P respectively1And P2The y, Z coordinates of a point are represented by D and Z, the point slope GpIs represented as follows:
taking the first longitudinal section of FIG. 4 as an example, the starting data point serves as the starting point of the segmentation, and the point gradient G of adjacent points in the downstream direction is continuously calculatedpPoint gradient GpPoints (similar points) with increasing amplitude less than 1.5(1.5 times sine value corresponding to obvious gradient change) (decreasing amplitude more than 0.66) are divided into a section, and the points refer to the calculated point gradient GpA point in the downstream direction of time; taking a small slope fold appearing in the first longitudinal section of fig. 4 as an example, if a point (an excitation point) with an increase amplitude larger than 1.5 (a decrease amplitude smaller than 0.66) appears, but the frequency of appearance of a subsequent excitation point does not exceed 5 times and a series of similar points still appear after the small excitation point, the small excitation point is classified as a segment with the similar points before and after the small excitation point appears; if the number of times of occurrence of the sharp point is more than 5 times, the last occurring similar point is the segment end point of the current segment and is also the segment start point of the next segment.
After the start and end points of the longitudinal section are determined, the gradient G of the longitudinal section can be calculatedsStarting and ending points are defined by PaAnd PbIndicating that the y, Z coordinates of the point are still represented by D and Z, the segment slope GsIs represented as follows:
here, the section gradient GsAnd point gradient GpIn practice, this is represented by the sine of the ramp angle, which is a dimensionless and usually negative constant. Section slopeWhen the degree is negative, the terrain is inclined downwards; when the section slope is positive, the landform is lifted.
Furthermore, if a longitudinal section crosses two different planar sections, the longitudinal section is divided into two different segments, generally the length of the planar section is much greater than the longitudinal section, so the longitudinal section can be considered as a subsection of the planar section.
C. Identifying a special landform according to gradient difference of the longitudinal section: as shown in fig. 5, a steeper profile section is sandwiched between two more gradually sloping profile sections, with the middle steeper section being designated as the 'nikkpoint'; the sign for judging whether the grade is steep or gentle is a section gradient GsWhether the magnitude of the increase is greater than 1.5 or the magnitude of the decrease is less than 0.66. As shown in fig. 6, if the longitudinal section sections were periodically declined and lifted, the series of sections were designated as migrating bed sands, i.e. retrograde dunes or 'gullies and gullies'.
D. The change of the scale of the water channel is calibrated by regression: as shown in fig. 7, according to the division of the longitudinal section, linear regression is performed on the numerical changes of the width (maximum width) and the depth (maximum depth) in the flow direction in different sections, and a regression curve is characterized by a unitary quadratic equation, wherein the general expression of the unitary quadratic equation is as follows:
f(x)＝Ax2+Bx+C (6)
a, B and C in expression 6 are the quadratic coefficient, the first order coefficient and the constant of the one-dimensional quadratic equation, respectively.
According to expression (6), the first derivative of the one-dimensional quadratic equation is expressed as:
a＝Ax+B (7)
from equation (7) and the flow distances corresponding to the start and end of the section, the derivative range of the characterizing parameter in the longitudinal section can be determined. By calculating the derivative range of the quadratic equation, the change amplitude of the characteristic parameter in the longitudinal section, namely the influence of the gradient on the form evolution of the water channel can be obtained. In FIG. 7, the parameters of section 1 to section 6 are shown in Table 1, and the derivative range of section 1 can be calculated from the related parameters in section 1 in Table 1 to be 407.6-456.2 (calculated from the first quadratic equation and parameters in line 1 of Table 1).
TABLE 1 regression equation and derivative table for calibrating characterization parameters by dividing longitudinal section
E. The symmetry of the channel is represented by calculating the average value of the parameters of the half-edge of the channel: and calculating the average value of the left and right width, the left and right depth and the left and right gradient difference of the water channel in each plane section according to the division of the plane sections. Taking the average of the left and right depth differences in FIG. 8 as an example, the depth difference D on a single cross-section within a segmentscEqual to the left depth DleftAnd a right depth DrightThe depth difference is calculated by the following formula:
Dsc＝Dleft-Dright(8)
suppose there are i sections (data points) in a segment, and the depth difference on each section is DsciAverage value of depth difference DsThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
according to the calculation mode of the formula (8) and the formula (9), the left-right width difference W in the plane section can be calculatedsAnd a difference in gradient SsAverage value of (a). By averaging these half-edge parameter differences, the effect of curvature on the morphological evolution (especially symmetry) of the channel can be analyzed. As shown in table 2 (process analysis table of water channel evolution at different stages), different plane sections correspond to different half parameter mean values, and the influence of curvature on the symmetry of the water channel can be analyzed by comparing the mean values; the larger the mean, the more asymmetric the curve causes, and the more the turbidity current shifts to the outer bank.
F. The degree of morphological evolution of the water course in the different longitudinal sections is characterized by the Jacard Distance (Jaccard Distance), an Index for measuring the difference between two sets, which is the complement of the Jacard similarity coefficient and is defined as 1 minus the Jacard similarity coefficient, and the Jacard similarity coefficient (Jaccard similarity), also known as Jaccard Index, an Index for measuring the similarity between two sets: and calculating the similarity of the characterization parameters between the adjacent sections according to the division of the longitudinal section sections. The adopted characterization parameters are the ratio of the maximum width of the water channel to the maximum depth (width-depth ratio), the ratio of the depths of the left bank and the right bank, the ratio of the widths of the left bank and the right bank and the ratio of the slopes of the left bank and the right bank. Wherein, the ratio of the depths of the left bank and the right bank represents the difference of the water channel overflow bank deposition; the ratio of the left and right bank widths represents the difference in the turbidity current fluid bias; the ratio of the left bank slope to the right bank slope represents the symmetry of the water channel section.
Taking the calculation of the similarity of the width-depth ratio in fig. 9 as an example, firstly, two characteristic parameter dot-matrix graphs of longitudinal section sections are made, the number I of data points in the overlapped part of the circles (the graph includes a number set with larger overall data and a number set with smaller overall data, the minimum value of the larger number set to the maximum value of the smaller number set, and the data in the range is the overlapped part in the graph) represents the similar part of the characteristic parameters, and the total data points in the two circles are U; calculating the similarity J of the width-depth ratio between two sections by using the Jacard distanceAThe calculation formula is as follows:
JA＝1-I/U (10)
the larger the calculated Jacard distance is, the larger the difference degree of the characterization parameters between the two sections is, namely the degree or the amplitude of morphological evolution between the sections is.
According to the formula (10), the difference degree J of bank overflow deposition can be calculatedDDegree of difference J in fluid deflectionWDegree of difference J in cross section morphologyS. The differential characterization parameters obtained are for the previous profile section, so there is no differential data for the first profile section of the channel.
And finally, counting according to the derivative range of the regression equation obtained in the step D, E, F, the average value of the half-edge parameter difference and the Jacard distance of the characterization parameters between the sections of the longitudinal section to obtain a water channel form evolution process analysis table shown in the table 2. The water channel is divided into different stages by plane and longitudinal section sections, the influence of the curvature of the water channel on the form in the evolution process is expressed by using the average value of half parameter difference, the influence of the gradient on the form in the evolution process is expressed by using the derivative range of a regression equation, and the change degree of the form of the water channel in different evolution stages and the form similarity of the water channel in different evolution stages are expressed by using the Jacard distance of the characterization parameters between the longitudinal section sections. The water channel morphological evolution process analysis table shown in table 2 can not only show the control of the water channel curvature and slope on morphological evolution, but also monitor and embody the evolution characteristics and the evolution degree of the water channel in different stages. Statistics of the specific features in the table help researchers study the effect of the floor pattern on the morphological evolution of the water channel.
TABLE 2 Process analysis chart of water channel evolution in different stages
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A process analysis method for describing the morphological change of a water channel along the direction of a material source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. dividing plane sections according to the change of the water channel midline locus: according to the curvature change of the center line of the water channel in the downstream direction, dividing the water channel into different sections on a plane according to the center line track;
B. dividing longitudinal section sections according to the change of a water course hong rice noodle: dividing sections of the water channel on the longitudinal section for the second time according to the change of the water channel hong grain line in the downstream direction; calculating the slope sine value between adjacent coordinate points on the hong millet line, and classifying the continuous coordinate points with similar sine values into a section, namely a longitudinal section;
C. identifying a special landform according to gradient difference of the longitudinal section: identifying a 'Nick point' section and a migrating bed sand form according to the slope sine value of the longitudinal section;
D. calibrating the change of the scale of the water channel by using a regression equation: performing regression on the numerical changes of the width and the depth in each longitudinal section, and representing the regression result by using a quadratic equation; calibrating the amplitude of the form change of the water channel by calculating the derivative of a quadratic equation; analyzing the influence of gradient change on the form evolution of the water channel by comparing equation derivatives of continuous longitudinal section sections;
E. the symmetry of the channel is represented by calculating the average value of the parameters of the half-edge of the channel: making difference values of half parameters of all cross sections in each plane section, and analyzing the influence of curvature change on the morphological evolution of the water channel by calculating and comparing the average value of the half parameter difference values of the continuous plane sections;
F. the Jacard distance is utilized to characterize the morphological evolution degree of the water channels of different longitudinal section sections: calculating the Jacard distance of the characteristic parameters of every two adjacent longitudinal section sections, and showing the difference or similarity of the morphological parameters of width, depth and gradient in the evolution process of the water channel through the Jacard distance.
2. The process analytic method for describing morphological changes of water course along the direction of a source according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the vertical part of the midline locus is classified as a vertical water course section; the part of the midline locus which is slightly curved and has low amplitude fluctuation in shape is classified as a low-curved water channel section; the very curved and U-shaped portion of the midline locus is referred to as the curved waterway section.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step B, if the divided section crosses two plane sections, the divided section is divided into two longitudinal section sections.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step C, the section with the larger gradient is sandwiched between the two sections with the smaller gradient, and the middle section is identified as the 'nike point'; periodic variation of the successive longitudinal section sections, these successive longitudinal section sections are identified as migrating bed sand, i.e.: 'retrograde dunes' or 'gullies and gullies'.
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