CN109855971B - Measurement method for simulating buoyancy loss of buoyancy material in deep sea environment - Google Patents
Measurement method for simulating buoyancy loss of buoyancy material in deep sea environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109855971B CN109855971B CN201811569359.5A CN201811569359A CN109855971B CN 109855971 B CN109855971 B CN 109855971B CN 201811569359 A CN201811569359 A CN 201811569359A CN 109855971 B CN109855971 B CN 109855971B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring buoyancy loss of a buoyancy material under a simulated deep sea environment, which comprises the steps of firstly, hoisting a test tool containing a blocky buoyancy material in a pressure kettle, and sinking the test tool into the bottom of the pressure kettle under the action of a balance weight; then measuring the change value of the axial stress of the strain gauge attached to the pull rod before and after simulating the deep sea pressure, and finally, according to a formula delta F, changing the axial stress to F0‑F1＝(σ0‑σ1)S＝ΔσSThe method can conveniently detect the loss of the real buoyancy of the buoyancy material in the deep sea use environment, improve the measurement precision of the detected buoyancy loss and reduce the test cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buoyancy material simulation measurement, in particular to a measurement method for simulating buoyancy loss of a buoyancy material in a deep sea environment.
Background
The solid buoyancy material is an important component material for developing a deep diving technology, can bear huge hydrostatic pressure in a ten thousand-meter deep sea environment, has low density and can provide recovered buoyancy for a submersible. When the submersible needs to float upwards or has an unexpected fault, the submersible can automatically float upwards under the action of the solid buoyancy material by separating the throwing-loading counterweight, so that the safety of life and property is protected.
Under the action of hydrostatic pressure of a deep sea environment, the buoyancy loss of the solid buoyancy material is generated by two factors of water absorption and volume shrinkage of the buoyancy material, and the buoyancy loss is an important technical performance index for judging whether the buoyancy material is advanced or not. Meanwhile, as the buoyancy loss caused by the buoyancy materials at different working depths is different, and the buoyancy loss caused by different types of buoyancy materials is also different, the loss of the buoyancy of the solid buoyancy material in the submersible is measured under the deep sea environment with a certain depth, and an important theoretical reference is provided for the effective load required by designing the submersible, namely a certain amount of buoyancy material is additionally added or compensation is carried out in a buoyancy adjusting system of the submersible.
The method commonly adopted at present is that the volume shrinkage rate of the buoyancy material is measured by a small pressure kettle, and then the buoyancy loss caused by the volume shrinkage of the buoyancy material is calculated; and then testing and measuring the buoyancy loss caused by the water absorption according to a formula of the buoyancy loss caused by the water absorption. The disadvantages of this method are: the buoyancy loss caused by the volume shrinkage and the water absorption needs to be calculated respectively, so that a larger error is generated in the calculation result; in addition, when the buoyancy material is taken out of the pressure kettle and weighed, the mass of the buoyancy material measured under normal pressure is smaller than the mass of the buoyancy material after water absorption under the pressure environment, so that the buoyancy loss measured by the water absorption rate of the buoyancy material is smaller, and the buoyancy loss measurement accuracy of the buoyancy material is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for measuring buoyancy loss of a buoyancy material in a simulated deep sea environment, which can conveniently detect the loss of true buoyancy of the buoyancy material in a deep sea use environment, improve the measurement precision of the detected buoyancy loss, and reduce the test cost.
A measuring method for simulating buoyancy loss of a buoyancy material in a deep sea environment uses a device comprising a pressure kettle for simulating and testing deep sea pressure, a frame for placing the buoyancy material, a balance weight connected with the frame through a pull rod and a strain gauge attached to the pull rod;
the implementation of the measurement method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the testing tool filled with the bulk buoyancy materials is hung in the pressure kettle, and the testing tool sinks into the bottom of the pressure kettle under the action of the balance weight;
the second step is that: measuring the axial stress of a strain gauge attached to the pull rod;
the third step: pressurizing the pressure in the pressure kettle to simulate deep sea pressure and then maintaining the pressure;
the fourth step: after maintaining the pressure for a specified time, measuring the axial stress of the strain gauge;
the fifth step: according to the formula Δ F ═ F0-F1＝(σ0-σ1)S＝ΔσSCalculating the buoyancy loss of the buoyancy material after bearing pressure,
wherein, F0And F1Respectively the corresponding buoyancy, σ, of the buoyant material under initial conditions and extreme depth working pressure0And σ1The axial stress on a strain gage on the cross section of the pull rod of the buoyancy material under the initial condition and the working pressure of the ultimate depth is respectively, and S is the cross section area of the pull rod.
Further, the formula Δ F ═ F0-F1＝(σ0-σ1)S＝ΔσSThe derivation process of (1) is as follows:
assuming the self weight G of the buoyant material0Buoyancy F with the buoyant material completely submerged in water0The weight of the frame is G1Weight of the counterweight is G2Wherein the weight G2Weight G of the frame1Buoyancy F greater than buoyancy block0Ensuring that the frame filled with the buoyancy material sinks at the bottom of the pressure kettle under the action of the balance weight and the pressure of the buoyancy material block under the initial condition and the working pressure of the ultimate depthAre respectively P00 and P1Corresponding buoyancy is respectively F0And F1The axial stress value measured by the corresponding strain gauge on the cross section S of the pull rod is epsilon0And ε1Stress of σ0And σ1If Δ σ ═ ε1-ε0；
Determination of buoyancy loss:
taking the cross section of the pull rod for stress analysis, wherein the cross section of the pull rod is stressed:
σ0＝(F0-G0)/S
stress is applied to the S cross section under the deep sea ultimate pressure:
σ1＝(F1-G0)/S
buoyancy loss before and after pressure bearing:
ΔF＝F0-F1＝(σ0-σ1)S＝ΔσS。
has the advantages that:
1. the invention can effectively simulate the used deep sea environment through the pressure kettle, and measure the buoyancy loss of the buoyancy material under the simulated deep sea environment, and the measurement result is accurate.
2. The method for measuring the buoyancy loss of the buoyancy material can overcome the defects of the commonly adopted method at present, improve the test efficiency and reduce the test cost.
3. In the test, the axial tensile stress of the pull rod before and after bearing pressure is measured, and then the buoyancy loss value of the material in the deep sea environment can be directly calculated through a formula, so that important theoretical reference is provided for effective load required by designing a submersible vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the simulation apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a measurement schematic diagram of the present invention.
The device comprises a flow-adjustable metering pump, a pressure kettle, a strain gauge, a buoyancy material, a testing tool, an integrated control cabinet, a frame, a pull rod and a counterweight, wherein the flow-adjustable metering pump is 1, the pressure kettle is 2, the strain gauge is 3, the buoyancy material is 4, the testing tool is 5, the integrated control cabinet is 6, the frame is 7, and the pull rod is 8 and the counterweight is 9.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a measuring method for simulating buoyancy loss of a buoyancy material in a deep sea environment, as shown in figure 1, a simulation device used in the measuring method comprises an adjustable flow metering pump 1, a pressure kettle 2, a strain gauge 3, the buoyancy material 4, a testing tool 5 and an integrated control cabinet 6;
As shown in fig. 2, the test fixture 5 includes a frame 7, a pull rod 8 and a counterweight 9, the frame 7 is connected with the counterweight 9 through the pull rod 8, and the buoyancy material 4 is placed inside the frame 7. The tension rod 8 is provided with the strain gauge 3, the strain of the buoyancy material 4 before and after bearing pressure can be measured through a strain gauge in the integrated control cabinet 6, and the loss of the buoyancy before and after bearing pressure can be calculated according to the measured strain gauge.
Firstly, setting a deep sea use environment to be simulated on a host of an integrated control cabinet, opening a pressure kettle cover, and primarily injecting half-tank water into the pressure kettle;
secondly, the buoyancy material is arranged in the test tool, the test tool with the buoyancy material is hung in the pressure kettle, and the test tool is ensured to sink to the bottom of the pressure kettle under the action of the balance weight;
thirdly, measuring the axial stress epsilon of the strain gauge 3 attached to the pull rod 8 through a strain gauge in the integrated control cabinet0；
Fourthly, closing a pressure kettle cover, controlling the adjustable flow metering pump 1 to inject water and exhaust gas into the pressure kettle 2 through the integrated control cabinet 6 and pressurizing, stopping pressurizing when the collected pressure in the pressure kettle 2 reaches the deep sea pressure to be simulated, entering a pressure maintaining state, and supplementing pressure to the pressure kettle 2 through a pressure pump if leakage is generated in the pressure maintaining process until the specified pressure maintaining time is reached;
step five, keeping the pressure to the specified valueAfter the time, the axial stress epsilon of the strain gauge attached to the pull rod is measured through the strain gauge in the integrated control cabinet1According to the formula Δ F ═ F0-F1＝(σ0-σ1)S＝ΔσSDirectly calculating the buoyancy loss value of the buoyancy material in the simulated deep sea environment;
and sixthly, releasing the pressure of the pressure kettle 2 through the integrated control cabinet 6, disassembling the buoyancy material 4 sample block, and completing the test.
In a deep sea use environment, the buoyancy loss of the buoyancy material is mainly caused by two factors of water absorption and volume shrinkage of the buoyancy material. The buoyancy loss caused by water absorption is mainly caused by breakage of microspheres in the buoyancy material, wherein the formula of the water absorption is w ═ m1-m0)/m0% in the formula, w is water absorption, m1Mass m after pressing of the buoyant material0Is the initial mass of the buoyant material; the buoyancy loss caused by the volume shrinkage rate is independent of the shape and the volume of the buoyancy material block and the water pressure P in the deep sea use environment1And bulk modulus. Therefore, the buoyancy loss of the buoyancy material under the simulated deep sea environment needs to be measured under the combined action of the water absorption rate and the volume shrinkage rate in the large-pressure environment provided by the pressure kettle for simulating the deep sea environment. The measurement schematic is shown in fig. 2. Assuming the self weight G of the buoyant material0Buoyancy F, completely submerged in water0Weight of frame G1Counterweight G2Wherein the weight G2Weight G of the frame1Buoyancy F greater than buoyancy block0The frame filled with the buoyancy material can be ensured to sink to the bottom of the pressure kettle under the action of the balance weight, and the pressures of the buoyancy material block under the initial condition and the working pressure of the ultimate depth are respectively P00 and P1Corresponding buoyancy is respectively F0And F1The axial stress value measured by the strain gauge on the S cross section of the pull rod is epsilon0And ε1Stress of σ0And σ1If Δ σ ═ ε1-ε0；
Determination of buoyancy loss:
taking the cross section S of the pull rod to perform stress analysis, wherein the cross section of the pull rod S is stressed:
σ0＝(F0-G0)/S
stress is applied to the S cross section under the deep sea ultimate pressure:
σ1＝(F1-G0)/S
buoyancy loss before and after pressure bearing:
ΔF＝F0-F1＝(σ0-σ1)S＝ΔσS
the cross section S of the pull rod is known, and the axial tensile stress of the pull rod before and after bearing can be measured through a strain gauge correction coefficient, so that the buoyancy loss value of the buoyancy material used at a certain depth in a deep sea environment can be directly calculated through the formula.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A measuring method for simulating buoyancy loss of a buoyancy material in a deep sea environment is characterized in that a device used by the measuring method comprises a pressure kettle for simulating and testing deep sea pressure, a frame for placing the buoyancy material, an adjustable flow metering pump, an integrated control cabinet, a balance weight connected with the frame through a pull rod and a strain gauge attached to the pull rod; the method comprises the following steps that a blocky buoyancy material is placed in a test tool, the test tool is placed in a pressure kettle after water is injected, a deep sea use environment to be simulated is arranged on a host machine of an integrated control cabinet, and an adjustable flow metering pump is controlled to pressurize the pressure kettle, so that the deep sea use environment is simulated for the tested buoyancy material; the testing tool comprises a frame, a pull rod and a balance weight, wherein the frame is connected with the balance weight through the pull rod, and a buoyancy material is placed inside the frame; the implementation of the measurement method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: arranging a deep sea use environment to be simulated on a host machine of the integrated control cabinet, opening a pressure kettle cover, initially injecting a half tank of water into the pressure kettle, hanging a test tool filled with a block buoyancy material in the pressure kettle, and sinking the test tool into the bottom of the pressure kettle under the action of a balance weight;
the second step is that: measuring the axial stress of a strain gauge attached to the pull rod through a strain gauge in the integrated control cabinet;
the third step: closing the pressure kettle cover, controlling the adjustable flow metering pump to inject water into the pressure kettle, exhaust and pressurize through the integrated control cabinet, pressurizing the pressure in the pressure kettle to the simulated deep sea pressure, and then maintaining the pressure;
the fourth step: after maintaining the pressure for a specified time, measuring the axial stress of the strain gauge;
the fifth step: according to the formula Δ F ═ F0-F1＝(σ0-σ1) Calculating the buoyancy loss of the buoyancy material after bearing pressure by using the S-delta sigma S,
wherein, F0And F1Respectively the corresponding buoyancy, σ, of the buoyant material under initial conditions and extreme depth working pressure0And σ1The axial stress on a strain gage on the cross section of the pull rod of the buoyancy material under the initial condition and the working pressure of the ultimate depth is respectively, and S is the cross section area of the pull rod.
2. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the formula Δ F ═ F0-F1＝(σ0-σ1) The derivation of S ═ Δ σ S is as follows:
assuming the self weight G of the buoyant material0Buoyancy F with the buoyant material completely submerged in water0The weight of the frame is G1Weight of the counterweight is G2Wherein the weight G2Weight G of the frame1Buoyancy F greater than buoyancy block0Ensuring that the frame filled with the buoyancy material sinks at the bottom of the pressure kettle under the action of the balance weight, and the pressures of the buoyancy material blocks under the initial condition and the working pressure of the ultimate depth are respectively P00 and P1Corresponding buoyancy is respectively F0And F1The axial stress value measured by the corresponding strain gauge on the cross section S of the pull rod is epsilon0And ε1Stress of σ0And σ1If Δ σ ═ ε1-ε0；
Determination of buoyancy loss:
taking the cross section of the pull rod for stress analysis, wherein the cross section of the pull rod is stressed:
σ0＝(F0-G0)/S
stress is applied to the S cross section under the deep sea ultimate pressure:
σ1＝(F1-G0)/S
buoyancy loss before and after pressure bearing:
ΔF＝F0-F1＝(σ0-σ1)S＝ΔσS。
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