CN109848355A - Two-part machinery-solid phase composite connecting method based on semitubular rivet - Google Patents

Two-part machinery-solid phase composite connecting method based on semitubular rivet Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109848355A
CN109848355A CN201910158390.8A CN201910158390A CN109848355A CN 109848355 A CN109848355 A CN 109848355A CN 201910158390 A CN201910158390 A CN 201910158390A CN 109848355 A CN109848355 A CN 109848355A
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Prior art keywords
rivet
workpiece
driving head
stage
semitubular
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CN201910158390.8A
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CN109848355B (en
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马运五
李永兵
山河
杨炳鑫
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00Riveting
    • B21J15/02Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/027Setting rivets by friction heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00Riveting
    • B21J15/02Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025Setting self-piercing rivets

Abstract

A kind of two-part machinery-solid phase composite connecting method based on semitubular rivet, by the driving head coaxial arrangement by semitubular rivet and connected mold and rivet cover upper groove is meshed with the boss of driving head, setting driving head drive driving rivet the technique first stage rotate at high speed, the mode riveting of low speed feeding enters to connecting material;Stop rotating rivet in second stage, and it is fed with higher rate, avoid heat excessive accumulation near rivet, promote rivet force, strut rivet bottom end outward under the action of to connecting material deformation drag, it is formed mechanical interlocked, simultaneously under the squeezing action of rivet fast feed, rivet-workpiece in connector, each interfacial gap is eliminated between workpiece-workpiece, interface passes through thermal diffusion at high temperature and forms solid diffusivity, the present invention can be obviously improved the interference interlocking effect of mechanical connection, and in rivet and workpiece, solid diffusivity is formed between workpiece and workpiece, obtain machinery-solid phase composite-joint.

Description

Two-part machinery-solid phase composite connecting method based on semitubular rivet
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology of material connection area, specifically a kind of two-part based on semitubular rivet Machinery-solid phase composite connecting method.
Background technique
Light weight alloy component point connection with rivet with friction stir spot welding based on.Riveting process by the way of punching press, It is plastically deformed rivet and/or workpiece to be connected, interference interlocking is formed, realizes mechanical connection.Riveting process is usually in room Temperature is lower to be carried out, and in order to obtain ideal interference interlocking effect, needs to apply larger stamping press, structural strength to riveting equipment and The intensity requirement of rigidity, the reliability of ram driving mechanism and rivet itself is high and formed punch and mold loss are serious.In addition, Large plastometric set to the lower light-alloy of ductility at room temperature, such as 7 line aluminium alloys, magnesium alloy, cast aluminium, in riveting process It is easy that material is made to crack, seriously affects joint performance.Friction stir spot Welding is by the rotation of tool heads, insertion and returns The movement such as pumping makes wait connect heat production in workpiece, and under the collective effect of pressure and stirring movement that tool heads generate wait connect Workpiece forms solid diffusivity.For heat-treatable strengthened light-alloy, such as 2 systems, 6 systems, 7 line aluminium alloys, by friction thermal softening Influence, strength of joint loss is serious.
Summary of the invention
The present invention In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, proposes a kind of two-part machinery-based on semitubular rivet Solid phase composite connecting method, rotary motion and feed motion by coordinated control rivet in the different process stage, elevating mechanism The interference interlocking effect of connection, and solid diffusivity is formed between rivet and workpiece, workpiece and workpiece, it is multiple to obtain machinery-solid phase Splice grafting head.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention passes through the driving head coaxial arrangement and rivet cover upper groove and driving by semitubular rivet and connected mold Head boss be meshed, setting driving head drive rivet the technique first stage rotate at high speed, low speed feeding mode riveting enter To connecting material, is changed the line of production raw frictional heat by rivet rotary, promote workpiece temperature to be connected, avoid low ductile material from cracking, together When reduce rivet riveting enter resistance so that rivet reaches wait connect the conversion level in workpiece;After completing the first stage, Stop rotating rivet in second stage, and is fed with higher rate, avoids heat excessive accumulation near rivet, promotes riveting Power struts rivet bottom end outward under the action of to connecting material deformation drag, is formed mechanical interlocked while quick in rivet Under the squeezing action of feeding, each interfacial gap is eliminated between rivet-workpiece, workpiece-workpiece in connector, and interface leads at high temperature Overheat diffuses to form solid diffusivity.
The second stage completes solid diffusivity, i.e., when rivet is fed to predetermined depth, driving head feed reversing is returned To original position.
The solid diffusivity refers to: each interfacial gap is eliminated near rivet, realizes at least one following interface two The solid diffusivity of side material:
1. the interface of retention metal and lower layer's workpiece on the inside of rivet;
2. the interface of workpiece and workpiece material on the outside of rivet;
3. the interface of retention metal and rivet inner wall on the inside of rivet;
4. the interface of workpiece material and rivet outer wall on the outside of rivet.
The completion of the first stage is determined according to thickness of workpiece to be connected and material property, is specifically needed while full Foot: rivet has penetrated all workpiece in addition to lower layer's workpiece, it may be assumed thatWherein: hiFor i-th layer of work The thickness of part, n is the number of plies for being connected workpiece and n >=2, D are conversion level, and to treat connection workpiece sufficiently soft for frictional heat Change.
The workpiece to be connected includes at least two layers of workpiece.
Lower layer's workpiece refers to: the workpiece being in contact above connected mold and with connected mold
The abundant softening uses following any operation or combinations thereof with determination:
A) workpiece surface to be connected is measured apart from rivet edge 3-10mm using modes such as infrared radiation thermometer or thermocouples The temperature at place determines that material sufficiently softens when the temperature is increased to the 20%-50% wait connect workpiece fusing point;
B) temperature that connected mould upper surface center is measured using modes such as insertion thermocouples, when temperature is increased to wait connect When the 15%-30% of workpiece fusing point, determine that material sufficiently softens;
C) reaction force that measurement driving head is subject to, records first peak F of reaction force1, when reaction force is 0.3~0.6F is dropped to after one peak value1When, determine that material sufficiently softens;
D) reaction torque that measurement driving head is subject to, records first peak value M of reaction torque1, when reaction is turned round Square drops to 0.3~0.6M after first peak value1When, determine that material sufficiently softens;
E) reaction force, the reaction torque that are subject to of measurement driving head, and record the process time, to gross energy input E into Row calculates, when gross energy input E is greater than preset value E0When, determine that material sufficiently softens,Wherein: F is the reaction force that driving head is subject to, and M is the reaction that driving head is subject to Torque, f are the rivet feed rate of technical process first stage, and ω is the rivet rotation speed of technical process first stage, Δ t For process time, E0It is estimated by the thickness and physical characteristic of material: E0The π of=C × ρ × H × 4 Rrivet 2× Δ T, in which: C For workpiece specific heat capacity to be connected, ρ is workpiece density to be connected, and H is the overall thickness for being connected workpiece,N is to be connected Meet the number of plies of workpiece, RrivetFor the radius of the shaft of rivet, Δ T is rivet 2R nearbyrivetThe average temperature of workpiece to be connected in range It rises, Δ T=0.2~0.5Tm, TmFor the fusing point of workpiece to be connected;
F) a fixed conversion level is set according to test result and experience.
It is possible to further which the technique first stage to be divided into the sub-stage of feed rate several different and/or revolving speed, Realize the finely regulating to heat input, to obtain optimal machinery-solid phase composite joint effect, the feeding of all sub-stages is deep The sum of degree is conversion level D.
The semitubular rivet includes: the rivet cover and the shaft of rivet of integrally connected, in which: the upper end of rivet cover, which is equipped with, to be used Protrusion and/or positioning groove are uniformly distributed in transmitting torque.
The shaft of rivet is hollow structure, and bottom end is equipped with wedge-shaped cone angle, the inside and outside wall of rivet can be smooth structure or Equipped with structures such as screw thread, grooves.
The connected mold includes: driving head and mold, in which: driving head passes through at the top of boss and semitubular rivet Groove matches and is co-located above workpiece to be connected, and mold is located at below workpiece to be connected, which has axial straight The ability of line movement and the movement that rotates in a circumferential direction.
The position of the upper surface face rivet of the connected mold is equipped with for cooperating the rivet control material flowing Fixed structure, the shape of the fixed structure includes but is not limited to: flat bottomed recess, the groove of Intermediate Gray protrusion, plate and logical Hole etc..
Technical effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention realizes between rivet and workpiece, workpiece and workpiece on the basis of mechanical connection Solid diffusivity, improve the integral strength and rigidity of connector;By the reasonable control to segmentation conversion level, soften wait connect Workpiece reduces rivet force, while improving the reliability of mechanical self-latching again;Turned by the rivet to the first stage in technical process Speed, feed rate and conversion level regulate and control heat input, by heat input control in required range, sufficiently lower light Softening caused by alloy friction is heated, and refined crystalline strengthening effect, the second stage fast feed generated by agitating friction process The working hardening of generation acts on and the common reinforcing joint of solid diffusivity, effectively reduces thermal softening to connected workpiece material The negative effect of energy, enhances the static strength and dynamic fatigue lifetime of connector.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of semitubular rivet;
Fig. 2 is process drawing of the invention;
In figure: a is driving head and semitubular rivet coaxial cooperation figure;B is that technique first stage driving head drives semi-hollow Rivet high speed rotation low speed feeding figure;C is that technique second stage driving head drives semitubular rivet high speed feed figure;D is rivet It is fed to final predetermined depth and forms machinery-solid phase composite-joint figure;E is driving head feed reversing return figure;
Fig. 3 is machinery-solid phase composite-joint schematic diagram that the present invention obtains;
In figure: semitubular rivet 1, driving head 2, be connected mold 3, to connecting plate 4, machinery-solid phase composite-joint 5, groove 101, rivet cover 102, the shaft of rivet 103, top plate 401, lower plywood 402, rivet inside retain metal 403.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 2, environment is embodied for the present embodiment, comprising: semitubular rivet 1, driving head 2 and connected mold 3, Wherein: driving head 2 is matched with the groove 101 at 1 top of semitubular rivet by boss and is co-located at the upper of workpiece 4 to be connect Side, the mold 3 that is connected are located at the lower section of workpiece 4 to be connected.
As shown in Figure 1, semitubular rivet 1 employed in the present embodiment includes: the rivet cover 102 and rivet of integrally connected Body 103, in which: the groove 101 and the shaft of rivet 103 in 102 center of rivet cover are coaxially disposed.
The inside and outside wall of the shaft of rivet 103 is smooth structure, internal diameter 4.3mm, outer diameter 5.3mm, and depth is 4mm。
The bottom end of the shaft of rivet 103 is equipped with the wedge-shaped cone angle 104 that angle is 45 °.
The boss of the driving head 2 has identical taper to realize semi-hollow riveting with the groove 101 in 102 center of rivet cover The axial feed motion of nail 1 and rotary motion.
The connected mold 3 is that the cavity plate of Intermediate Gray protrusion, the wherein height of heart convex apexes and cavity plate outer edge are flat Together.
3 center of connected mold is embedded in thermocouple, records the temperature at mould upper surface center in technical process at any time Between change procedure.
The top plate 401 and lower plywood 402 of the workpiece to be connected 4 are aluminium alloy AA7075-T6, and thickness is 2.0mm。
The present embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
1) table on the corresponding connected mold 3 of the conversion level D of first stage is determined according to the material melting point of workpiece 4 to be connected The target temperature at face center is 100 DEG C;
2) it is meshed by the groove 101 in rivet cover 102 with the boss of driving head 2, makes semitubular rivet 1 and driving head 2 coaxial arrangements;
3) driving head 2 is under the action of servo motor with the linear velocity axial feed of 50mm/s to distance workpiece 4 to be connected At the 2mm of upper surface;
4) driving head 2 drive rivet 1 in the technique first stage with revolving speed 4000r/min, feed rate 2.0mm/s riveting enter to Workpiece 4 is connected, heat is generated by the rubbing action between the shaft of rivet 103 and workpiece to be connected 4, makes 4 temperature of workpiece to be connected It increases, softener material, reduces riveting and enter resistance;
5) when the temperature at the 3 upper surface center of mold that is connected is increased to 100 DEG C and feeding depth is greater than the thickness of top plate 401 When 2.0mm, technical process enters second stage, and rivet 1 stops rotating, and with the rate high speed feed of 20mm/s, promotes rivet force, It struts 103 bottom end of the shaft of rivet outward under the action of 4 deformation drag of workpiece to be connected, is formed mechanical interlocked;Simultaneously in rivet 1 Squeezing action under, the gap between 103 medial and lateral of the shaft of rivet and workpiece to be connected 401 and 402 is eliminated.
6) when rivet 1 is fed to predetermined depth 5.3mm, driving head feed reversing is back to original position.
As shown in figure 3, three interfaces form solid diffusivity in finally formed machinery-solid phase composite-joint 5, It include: the interface 1. retained on the inside of rivet 1 between metal 403 and lower layer's workpiece 402;2. the shaft of rivet 103 and its inside retention gold Belong to the interface between 403;3. the interface between the shaft of rivet 103 and its outside lower layer workpiece 402.
Compared with prior art, the present embodiment for 2.0mm thickness aluminium alloy 7075-T6 material it is connected during most Big rivet force is 27.6kN, compared with the existing rivet force 62.5kN for using traditional self-piercing riveting method, reduces 55.8%.
The connector that the present embodiment obtains is averaged tensile-sbear strength as 470Mpa, obtains the flat of connector with using traditional self-piercing riveting Equal tensile-sbear strength 225MPa, is compared with using the average tensile-sbear strength 357MPa of backfill formula friction stir spot plumb joint, is increased respectively 109% and 31.6% are added.
Embodiment 2
Compared with Example 1, the top plate 401 of the workpiece to be connected 4 of the present embodiment with a thickness of 2.2mm, material is aluminium Alloy AA6061-T6, lower plywood 402 with a thickness of 2.0mm, material is magnesium alloy AZ31B.
Compared with Example 1, the rivet revolving speed for the technique first stage that the present embodiment uses is 3600r/min, feeding speed Rate is 1.0mm/s, and the feed rate of second stage is 11mm/s.
Compared with Example 1, the conversion level D of the first stage in the present embodiment passes through infrared heat image instrument measuring top plate Temperature of 401 upper surfaces at rivet edge 4.0mm determines, when the temperature is greater than 125 DEG C and feeding depth is greater than upper layer When plate thickness 2.2mm, technical process enters second stage.
Other parameters in the present embodiment are same as Example 1.
Compared with prior art, magnesium alloy of the present embodiment for aluminium alloy AA6061-T6 and the 2.0mm thickness of 2.2mm thickness AZ31B it is connected during maximum rivet force be 14.1kN, with the existing rivet force using traditional self-piercing riveting method 40.0kN is compared, and reduces 64.8%.
The connector that the present embodiment obtains is averaged tensile-sbear strength as 198Mpa, obtains the flat of connector with using traditional self-piercing riveting Equal tensile-sbear strength 124MPa is compared, and increases 59.7%.
Embodiment 3
Compared with Example 1, the top plate 401 of the workpiece to be connected 4 of the present embodiment is the aluminium alloy of thickness 1.5mm AA5182-O, lower plywood 402 are the aluminium alloy AA5182-O of thickness 2.0mm.
Compared with Example 1, the rivet revolving speed for the technique first stage that the present embodiment uses is 3000r/min, feeding speed Rate is 2.0mm/s, and the feed rate of second stage is 10mm/s.
Compared with Example 1, the conversion level D in the present embodiment is rule of thumb set as 2.0mm.
Other parameters in the present embodiment are same as Example 1.
Compared with prior art, aluminium alloy of the present embodiment for aluminium alloy AA5182-O and the 2.0mm thickness of 1.5mm thickness AA5182-O it is connected during maximum rivet force be 19.9kN, with the existing rivet force using traditional self-piercing riveting method 40.2kN is compared, and reduces 50.5%.
The connector that the present embodiment obtains is averaged tensile-sbear strength as 218Mpa, puts down with the connector obtained using traditional self-piercing riveting Equal tensile-sbear strength 197MPa is compared, and increases 26.3%;Gao Zhoula-drawing of the connector that this method obtains under 2.3kN load is tired The labor service life is 1,700,000 times, and low La-drawing fatigue life in week under 3.5kN load is 150,000 times, is connect with using traditional self-piercing riveting It fatigue life of the head under same load, is compared with 4.4 ten thousand times for 950,000 times, improves 79% and 241% respectively.
Compared with prior art present invention has an advantage that (1) reduces the rivet force needed in technical process, reduce Requirement to device structure intensity, rigidity and drive system ability, while technical process is reduced to the damage of formed punch and mold Consumption;(2) solid diffusivity that multiple interfaces between rivet and workpiece, workpiece and workpiece are realized on the basis of mechanical connection, mentions The high integral strength and rigidity of connector;(3) heat input control is realized into the appropriate softening to material in required range, And the working hardening that refined crystalline strengthening effect, the second stage fast feed generated by agitating friction process generates acts on and consolidates Be connected common reinforcing joint, effectively reduces negative effect of the thermal softening to connected workpiece material performance;(4) Gu it is mechanical- Phase composite joint improves the fatigue life of connector.
Above-mentioned specific implementation can by those skilled in the art under the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and objective with difference Mode carry out local directed complete set to it, protection scope of the present invention is subject to claims and not by above-mentioned specific implementation institute Limit, each implementation within its scope is by the constraint of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of two-part machinery-solid phase composite connecting method based on semitubular rivet, which is characterized in that by by semi-hollow Rivet is with the coaxial arrangement of the driving head of connected mold and rivet cover upper groove is meshed with the boss of driving head, and setting driving head drives Dynamic rivet the technique first stage rotate at high speed, the mode riveting of low speed feeding enter to connecting material, changed the line of production life by rivet rotary Frictional heat promotes workpiece temperature to be connected, and avoids low ductile material from cracking, while the riveting for reducing rivet enters resistance so that riveting Nail reaches wait connect the conversion level in workpiece;After completing the first stage, stop rotating rivet in second stage, and with compared with High-speed feeding, avoids heat excessive accumulation near rivet, promotes rivet force, and rivet bottom end is made to deform resistance to connecting material It is strutted outward under the action of power, formation is mechanical interlocked, while under the squeezing action of rivet fast feed, rivet-work in connector Each interfacial gap is eliminated between part, workpiece-workpiece, and interface passes through thermal diffusion at high temperature and forms solid diffusivity;
The solid diffusivity refers to: each interfacial gap is eliminated near rivet, realizes at least one following interface two sides material The solid diffusivity of material:
1. the interface of retention metal and lower layer's workpiece on the inside of rivet;
2. the interface of workpiece and workpiece material on the outside of rivet;
3. the interface of retention metal and rivet inner wall on the inside of rivet;
4. the interface of workpiece material and rivet outer wall on the outside of rivet.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the completion of the first stage is thick according to workpiece to be connected Degree and material property determine that specific to need while meeting: rivet has penetrated all workpiece in addition to lower layer's workpiece, it may be assumed that Wherein: hiFor the thickness of i-th layer of workpiece, n is the number of plies for being connected workpiece and n >=2, D are conversion Depth, and frictional heat is treated connection workpiece and is sufficiently softened.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the abundant softening, using it is following it is any operation or A combination thereof is with determination:
A) workpiece surface to be connected is measured at rivet edge 3-10mm using modes such as infrared radiation thermometer or thermocouples Temperature determines that material sufficiently softens when the temperature is increased to the 20%-50% wait connect workpiece fusing point;
B) temperature that connected mould upper surface center is measured using modes such as insertion thermocouples, when temperature is increased to workpiece to be connected When the 15%-30% of fusing point, determine that material sufficiently softens;
C) reaction force that measurement driving head is subject to, records first peak F of reaction force1, when reaction force is at first peak 0.3~0.6F is dropped to after value1When, determine that material sufficiently softens;
D) reaction torque that measurement driving head is subject to, records first peak value M of reaction torque1, when reaction torque is 0.3~0.6M is dropped to after one peak value1When, determine that material sufficiently softens;
E) reaction force, reaction torque that measurement driving head is subject to, and the process time is recorded, gross energy input E is counted It calculates, when gross energy input E is greater than preset value E0When, determine that material sufficiently softens,Wherein: F is the reaction force that driving head is subject to, and M is the reaction that driving head is subject to Torque, f are the rivet feed rate of technical process first stage, and ω is the rivet rotation speed of technical process first stage, Δ t For process time, E0It is estimated by the thickness and physical characteristic of material: E0The π of=C × ρ × H × 4 Rrivet 2× Δ T, in which: C For workpiece specific heat capacity to be connected, ρ is workpiece density to be connected, and H is the overall thickness for being connected workpiece,N is to be connected Meet the number of plies of workpiece, RrivetFor the radius of the shaft of rivet, Δ T is rivet 2R nearbyrivetThe average temperature of workpiece to be connected in range It rises, Δ T=0.2~0.5Tm, TmFor the fusing point of workpiece to be connected;
F) a fixed conversion level is set according to test result and experience.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the first stage is divided into feed rate several different And/or the sub-stage of revolving speed, realize the finely regulating to heat input, so that optimal machinery-solid phase composite joint effect is obtained, The sum of feeding depth of all sub-stages is conversion level D.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the semitubular rivet includes: the rivet cover of integrally connected And the shaft of rivet, in which: the upper end of rivet cover be equipped with for transmit torque be uniformly distributed protrusion and/or positioning groove.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the shaft of rivet be hollow structure, bottom end be equipped with wedge shape cone Angle, the inside and outside wall of rivet can be smooth structure or be equipped with the structures such as screw thread, groove.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the connected mold includes: driving head and mold, in which: Driving head is matched with the groove at the top of semitubular rivet by boss and is co-located above workpiece to be connect, mold be located to It connects below workpiece, which has the ability of axial linear movement and the movement that rotates in a circumferential direction.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the position of the upper surface face rivet of the connected mold is set There is the fixed structure for cooperating the rivet control material flowing.
CN201910158390.8A 2019-03-02 2019-03-02 Two-section type mechanical-solid phase composite connection method based on semi-hollow rivet Active CN109848355B (en)

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CN114233733A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-25 上海交通大学 Improved structural rivet for forming flat bottom rivet of sheet material

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CN114233733A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-25 上海交通大学 Improved structural rivet for forming flat bottom rivet of sheet material

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