CN109848044B - Vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on positive and negative pressure airflow field - Google Patents

Vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on positive and negative pressure airflow field Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109848044B
CN109848044B CN201910258017.XA CN201910258017A CN109848044B CN 109848044 B CN109848044 B CN 109848044B CN 201910258017 A CN201910258017 A CN 201910258017A CN 109848044 B CN109848044 B CN 109848044B
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screen
negative pressure
corrugated
strip
vibrating screen
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CN109848044A (en
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李心平
赵高源
张家亮
姬江涛
耿令新
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

A vibration sieve type grain crop cleaning device based on a positive and negative pressure airflow field is characterized in that a cleaning chamber is arranged on a rack, a vibration sieve is arranged in the cleaning chamber, a grain conveying auger, a sundry conveying auger and a centrifugal fan are arranged below the vibration sieve, a feed hopper is arranged on the cleaning chamber, a corrugated screen is arranged in the cleaning chamber, the corrugated screen is positioned above the vibration sieve and divides the cleaning chamber into two parts above and below the corrugated screen, an axial flow fan is arranged on one side of the cleaning chamber, a light and sundry blow-out opening is formed in the cleaning chamber, a plurality of strip-shaped convex screen surfaces are distributed on the corrugated screen at intervals, one side of each strip-shaped convex screen surface is a windward surface facing the axial flow fan, and a spiral negative pressure airflow is formed between the leeward surface of the other side and the windward surface of the adjacent strip-shaped convex screen surface, so that the cleaning chamber above the corrugated screen generates negative pressure relative to the cleaning chamber below the corrugated screen, and the positive and negative pressure difference between the two sides of the corrugated screen generates a positive and negative pressure capable of driving light and sundry particles in oversize to face above the corrugated screen A moving positive and negative pressure airflow field.

Description

Vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on positive and negative pressure airflow field
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on a positive and negative pressure airflow field.
Background
Most kernel crops are planted in hilly mountain areas and alpine regions, and mainly comprise millet, broom corn millet, sorghum, rape, flax, alfalfa and the like, and the common characteristics of the kernel crops are that the grain diameter and the thousand seed weight are small, but the physical characteristics such as the shape, the fluidity, the friction characteristics and the like are greatly different. Wherein, the millet is the traditional crop in China, is widely used in the fields of edible coarse cereals, wine brewing, vinegar making and the like, contains vitamin B1 which is the top of the grain crop, has extremely high nutritional value, and has the first global ranking of the planting area of the millet in China. China is also a large country for rape production, the area and total production both account for about 30% of the world, and rapeseed oil is also the first edible vegetable oil produced by China.
The existing grain crop cleaning device can be roughly divided into two types according to the cleaning principle, one type is cleaning according to the aerodynamic characteristics of grains, and the cleaning device is mainly divided into an air flow type cleaning device and an air suction type cleaning device; the other type is to use the cooperation of air flow and sieve to clean, at present, in the grain combine harvester at home and abroad, the second cleaning principle, namely air-sieve type cleaning is the most widely used, and the cleaning device has the advantages of better adaptability, higher cleaning efficiency and the like. In the grain crop harvesting and cleaning operation of China, proper improvement is carried out mainly by using a combined harvester of other crops such as wheat and the like as a basis, the grain crop cleaning operation is directly used, but the biological characteristics of materials after the grain crop is primarily removed have obvious restriction influence on the cleaning mechanization of the grain crop, and the floating characteristic difference of each component of the materials after the grain crop is primarily removed is not obvious, so that the cleaning efficiency of the conventional grain crop cleaning device is lower, the impurity content rate after cleaning is higher, grains are mixed in impurities, and the entrainment loss is caused, thereby causing the waste of the grains.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on a positive and negative pressure airflow field, which aims to solve the problems that the cleaning efficiency of the existing grain crop cleaning device is low and entrainment loss is easily caused.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on a positive and negative pressure airflow field comprises a frame, a cleaning chamber is arranged on the frame, a vibrating screen is arranged in the cleaning chamber, an oversize product outlet is formed in the side wall of the cleaning chamber, a grain conveying auger for conveying grains is arranged below the vibrating screen, an impurity conveying auger for conveying mixed impurities formed by undersize impurities and grains, and a centrifugal fan for driving the oversize product to move, the impurity conveying auger is positioned on one side of the grain conveying auger close to the oversize product outlet, the centrifugal fan is positioned on one side of the grain conveying auger far away from the oversize product outlet, the blowing direction of the centrifugal fan obliquely penetrates through the vibrating screen and deviates towards the oversize product outlet, a feed hopper is further arranged on the cleaning chamber and used for allowing materials to fall onto a screen surface of the vibrating screen on one side far away from the oversize product outlet,
the cleaning room is internally provided with a corrugated screen for allowing light and impurity particles in oversize products to pass through and blocking seeds sandwiched in the light and impurity particles, the corrugated screen is positioned above the vibrating screen and positioned on one side of the feed hopper close to the oversize product outlet, the edge of the corrugated screen is connected with the inner wall of the cleaning room and the side wall of the feed hopper facing the oversize product outlet, so that the cleaning room is divided into two parts above and below the corrugated screen, one side of the cleaning room is provided with an axial flow fan for blowing air into the cleaning room above the corrugated screen, and the side wall of the cleaning room is provided with a light and impurity blow-out port for blowing out the light and impurity particles above the corrugated screen;
a plurality of strip-shaped protruding net faces which protrude towards one side of the corrugated screen away from the vibrating screen are distributed on the corrugated screen at intervals, one side of each strip-shaped protruding net face is a windward side facing the axial flow fan, a spiral negative pressure airflow is formed between a leeward side of one side of the strip-shaped protruding net face away from the axial flow fan and a windward side of the adjacent strip-shaped protruding net face, and therefore a negative pressure relative to a cleaning chamber below the corrugated screen is generated in a cleaning chamber above the corrugated screen, and a positive and negative pressure airflow field capable of driving light and impurity particles in oversize materials to move towards the upper side of the corrugated screen is generated through positive and negative pressure differences of two sides of the corrugated screen.
Preferably, the sieve pores of the corrugated sieve mesh are all positioned on the leeward side of the strip-shaped convex net surface.
Preferably, the length and the cross sectional shape of a plurality of protruding wire side of strip are all the same, the equal parallel arrangement of the protruding wire side of a plurality of strip, are the horizontal wire side that the width is the same between two adjacent protruding wire side of strip, and the height and the aperture of all sieve meshes are all the same, and the sieve mesh quantity on the protruding wire side of all strip is all the same, and the sieve mesh on the same leeward side sets up along the even interval of length direction of the protruding wire side of strip.
Preferably, the aperture of the sieve hole is 10 mm.
Preferably, the corrugated screen and the vibrating screen are both arranged horizontally, the axial flow fan blows air along the horizontal direction, and the blowing direction of the axial flow fan is perpendicular to the length direction of the plurality of strip-shaped protruding screen surfaces.
Preferably, the length direction of the strip-shaped convex net surface is parallel to the movement direction of the materials on the vibrating screen, and the light impurity blowing-out port is positioned above the oversize material outlet.
Preferably, the axial flow fan is positioned on one side of the cleaning chamber close to the feed hopper, so that the light impurity particles above the corrugated screen mesh move towards the light impurity blowing-out opening.
Preferably, the side wall of the cleaning chamber, on which the axial flow fan is arranged, is of a flaring type flow guide structure, and the small end of the flaring type flow guide structure is connected with the air outlet of the axial flow fan, so that the acting area between the air flow generated by blowing of the axial flow fan and the corrugated screen is increased.
Preferably, the width of feeder hopper is the same with the width of cleaning room, makes the outer wall of feeder hopper both sides all laminate with the inner wall of cleaning room, and the outer wall of feeder hopper orientation light and miscellaneous blowout port sets up with the cleaning room inner wall parallel at light and miscellaneous blowout port place, the ripple screen cloth is the rectangle, and all protruding wire side of strip all extend to the feeder hopper outer wall from the cleaning room inner wall at light and miscellaneous blowout port place.
Preferably, the grain conveying auger and the impurity conveying auger are horizontally arranged and are vertical to the movement direction of the material on the vibrating screen, and the grain conveying auger is positioned in the middle of the vibrating screen along the movement direction of the material.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on the positive and negative pressure airflow field, light and impurity particles in oversize materials can be cleaned through the cooperation of the corrugated screen and the axial flow fan, grains carried in the grains are screened, and the light and impurity particles are blown out of the cleaning chamber.
The invention can screen the light and impurity particles with small particles through the corrugated screen, so as to prevent the light and impurity particles from passing through the vibrating screen, reduce the cleaning pressure of the vibrating screen, reduce the vibration frequency of the vibrating screen, so that more particles can pass through the vibrating screen, reduce the entrainment loss and save the particles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the undulating screen of FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a partial schematic view of fig. 4.
The labels in the figure are: 1. the device comprises a vibrating screen, 2, an oversize outlet, 3, a grain conveying auger, 4, an impurity conveying auger, 5, a centrifugal fan, 6, a feed hopper, 7, a corrugated screen, 8, an axial flow fan, 9, a light impurity blowing outlet, 10, a strip-shaped convex screen surface, 101, a windward surface, 102, a leeward surface, 103, a sieve hole, 11 and a flaring type flow guide structure.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings, the specific embodiments are as follows:
a vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on a positive and negative pressure airflow field comprises a frame, a cleaning chamber is arranged on the frame, a vibrating screen 1 is arranged in the cleaning chamber, an oversize product outlet 2 is arranged on the side wall of the cleaning chamber, a grain conveying auger 3 for conveying grains is arranged below the vibrating screen 1, an impurity conveying auger 4 for conveying mixed impurities formed by undersize impurities and grains, and a centrifugal fan 5 for driving the oversize product to move, the grain conveying auger 3 and the impurity conveying auger 4 are both horizontally arranged and are vertical to the moving direction of materials on the vibrating screen 1, the grain conveying auger 3 is arranged at the middle position of the vibrating screen 1 along the moving direction of the materials, the impurity conveying auger 4 is arranged at one side of the grain conveying auger 3 close to the oversize product outlet 2, the centrifugal fan 5 is arranged at one side of the grain conveying auger 3 far away from the oversize product outlet 2, the blowing direction of the centrifugal fan 5 obliquely upwards penetrates through the vibrating screen 1 and deflects towards the oversize product outlet 2, the cleaning room is also provided with a feed hopper 6 for feeding materials to fall on the screen surface of one side of the vibrating screen 1 far away from the oversize material outlet 2.
Materials move to the oversize outlet 2 on the screen surface of the vibrating screen 1 along with the vibration of the vibrating screen 1 and the blowing of the centrifugal fan 5, grains in the materials firstly pass through the screen surface of the vibrating screen 1 and fall to the grain conveying auger 3 positioned in the middle of the lower part of the vibrating screen 1 due to heavier weight, then the grains are conveyed into the grain box, the rest grains are mixed with impurities with heavier weight, the impurities with higher impurity content rate pass through the screen surface of the vibrating screen 1 close to the oversize outlet 2 and fall to the impurity conveying auger 4, then the grains are conveyed away and subjected to secondary cleaning, and the rest oversize products are finally conveyed out of the cleaning chamber through the oversize outlet 2.
The cleaning room is internally provided with a corrugated screen 7 which is used for light miscellaneous particles in oversize products to pass through and block the grains sandwiched in the light miscellaneous particles, the corrugated screen 7 is positioned above the vibrating screen 1 and positioned at one side of the feed hopper 6 close to the oversize product outlet 2, the width of the feed hopper 6 is the same as that of the cleaning room, the outer walls of the two sides of the feed hopper 6 are both attached to the inner wall of the cleaning room, the outer wall of the feed hopper 6 facing to the light miscellaneous blow-out port 9 is arranged in parallel with the inner wall of the cleaning room where the light miscellaneous blow-out port 9 is positioned, the corrugated screen 7 is rectangular, the edge of the corrugated screen 7 is connected with the inner wall of the cleaning room and the side wall of the feed hopper 6 facing to the oversize product outlet 2, thereby separating the cleaning room into two parts above and below the corrugated screen 7, wherein one side of the cleaning room is provided with an axial fan 8 for blowing air into the cleaning room above the corrugated screen 7, and the side wall of the cleaning room is provided with a light impurity blow-out port 9 for blowing out light impurity particles above the corrugated screen 7.
A plurality of strip-shaped convex net surfaces 10 which are formed by protruding towards one side of the corrugated screen 7 far away from the vibrating screen 1 are distributed on the corrugated screen 7 at intervals, one side of each strip-shaped convex net surface 10 is a windward side 101 facing the axial flow fan 8, one side of each strip-shaped convex net surface 10 far away from the axial flow fan 8 is a leeward side 102, when the axial flow fan 8 blows air to enable air in a cleaning room above the corrugated screen 7 to rapidly flow through the strip-shaped convex net surfaces 10 from the surface of the corrugated screen 7, spiral negative pressure airflow can be formed between the leeward side 102 of the strip-shaped convex net surface 10 far away from one side of the axial flow fan 8 and the windward side 101 of the adjacent strip-shaped convex net surface 10, so that negative pressure relative to the cleaning room below the corrugated screen 7 is generated in the cleaning room above the corrugated screen 7, and a positive and negative pressure airflow field capable of driving light and miscellaneous particles in oversize materials to move above the corrugated screen 7 is generated through positive and negative pressure differences at two sides of the corrugated screen 7, the light impurity particles can move upwards and pass through the corrugated screen 7, the grains carried in the light impurity particles are blocked by the corrugated screen 7, and the grains are separated from the light impurity particles and then fall onto the vibrating screen 1 again for continuous screening.
The sieve holes 103 of the corrugated sieve 7 are all located on the leeward side 102 of the strip-shaped convex net surface 10, and the positive and negative pressure difference on the two sides of the corrugated sieve 7 is generated by utilizing the spiral airflow between the adjacent strip-shaped convex net surfaces 10 when air flows through the strip-shaped convex net surfaces 10, so that the leeward side 102 of the strip-shaped convex net surfaces 10 is the most remarkable area of the positive and negative pressure difference, and the sieve holes 103 are located on the leeward side 102, so that the driving effect of a positive and negative pressure airflow field on light and impurity particles can be improved, the light and impurity particles can move towards the corrugated sieve 7 conveniently, and the utilization rate of blowing air to the axial flow fan 8 is enhanced.
The aperture of sieve mesh 103 is 10mm, the height homogeneous phase of all sieve meshes 103 is the same, the length and the cross sectional shape homogeneous phase of the protruding wire side 10 of a plurality of strips, the equal parallel arrangement of the protruding wire side 10 of a plurality of strips, be the horizontal wire side that the width is the same between two adjacent protruding wire sides 10 of strip, sieve mesh 103 quantity homogeneous phase on the protruding wire side 10 of all strips, sieve mesh 103 on the same lee side 102 sets up along the even interval of length direction of the protruding wire side 10 of strip, through above-mentioned structure, can make positive negative pressure differential evenly distributed as far as possible on the whole wire side of ripple screen cloth 7, also can strengthen the utilization ratio of blowing axial fan 8.
The corrugated screen 7 and the vibrating screen 1 are horizontally arranged, the axial flow fan 8 blows along the horizontal direction, the blowing direction of the axial flow fan 8 is perpendicular to the length direction of the strip-shaped convex net surfaces 10, air flows over the strip-shaped convex net surfaces 10 and is perpendicular to the windward side 101 and the leeward side 102, stronger spiral air flow can be generated between the two adjacent strip-shaped convex net surfaces 10, and the positive and negative pressure difference between the two sides of the corrugated screen 7 is improved.
The length direction of the strip-shaped convex net surface 10 is parallel to the moving direction of the materials on the vibrating screen 1, and the light impurity blowing outlet 9 is positioned above the oversize product outlet 2, so that sundries sent out from the oversize product outlet 2 and the light impurity blowing outlet 9 can be collected and treated in a centralized manner.
The axial flow fan 8 is positioned on one side of the cleaning chamber close to the feed hopper 6, so that light impurity particles above the corrugated screen 7 move to the light impurity blowing outlet 9, and mutual interference of airflow generated by the axial flow fan 8 and airflow generated by the centrifugal fan 5 can be avoided.
The lateral wall of cleaning room that installs axial fan 8 is flaring type water conservancy diversion structure 11, and the tip of flaring type water conservancy diversion structure 11 is connected with axial fan 8's air outlet to the active area between the air current that the increase axial fan 8 was bloied and is produced and ripple screen cloth 7 is convenient for produce positive negative pressure air current field.

Claims (7)

1. A vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on a positive and negative pressure airflow field comprises a frame, a cleaning chamber is arranged on the frame, a vibrating screen (1) is arranged in the cleaning chamber, oversize material outlets (2) are formed in the side wall of the cleaning chamber, a grain conveying auger (3) for conveying grains is arranged below the vibrating screen (1), a mixed impurity conveying auger (4) for conveying mixed impurities formed by undersize impurities and grains and a centrifugal fan (5) for driving the oversize materials to move, the impurity conveying auger (4) is positioned on one side of the grain conveying auger (3) close to the oversize material outlets (2), the centrifugal fan (5) is positioned on one side of the grain conveying auger (3) far away from the oversize material outlets (2), the blowing direction of the centrifugal fan (5) obliquely penetrates through the vibrating screen (1) and deviates towards the oversize material outlets (2), a feeding hopper (6) is further arranged on the cleaning chamber, the screen surface that is used for supplying the material to fall to shale shaker (1) and keeps away from on one side of oversize thing export (2), its characterized in that:
the screening room is internally provided with a corrugated screen (7) which is used for allowing light miscellaneous particles in oversize products to pass through and blocking seeds carried in the light miscellaneous particles, the corrugated screen (7) is positioned above the vibrating screen (1) and positioned on one side of the feed hopper (6) close to the oversize product outlet (2), the edge of the corrugated screen (7) is connected with the inner wall of the screening room and the side wall of the feed hopper (6) facing the oversize product outlet (2), so that the screening room is divided into two parts, namely the upper part and the lower part of the corrugated screen (7), one side of the screening room is provided with an axial fan (8) which is used for blowing air into the screening room above the corrugated screen (7), and the side wall of the screening room is provided with a light miscellaneous blow-out port (9) which is used for blowing out the light miscellaneous particles above the corrugated screen (7);
a plurality of strip-shaped convex net surfaces (10) which are formed by protruding towards one side of the corrugated screen (7) far away from the vibrating screen (1) are distributed on the corrugated screen (7) at intervals, one side of each strip-shaped convex net surface (10) is a windward surface (101) facing the axial flow fan (8), and a spiral negative pressure airflow is formed between a leeward surface (102) of one side of the strip-shaped convex net surface (10) far away from the axial flow fan (8) and the windward surface (101) of the adjacent strip-shaped convex net surface (10), so that a negative pressure relative to a cleaning chamber below the corrugated screen (7) is generated in a cleaning chamber above the corrugated screen (7), and a positive and negative pressure airflow field capable of driving light and impurity particles in oversize materials to move towards the upper part of the corrugated screen (7) is generated through positive and negative pressure differences of two sides of the corrugated screen (7);
the sieve holes (103) of the corrugated sieve mesh (7) are all positioned on the leeward side (102) of the strip-shaped convex net surface (10);
the lengths and the cross-sectional shapes of the strip-shaped convex net surfaces (10) are the same, the strip-shaped convex net surfaces (10) are arranged in parallel, horizontal net surfaces with the same width are arranged between every two adjacent strip-shaped convex net surfaces (10), the heights and the apertures of all the sieve pores (103) are the same, the number of the sieve pores (103) on all the strip-shaped convex net surfaces (10) is the same, and the sieve pores (103) on the same leeward surface (102) are uniformly arranged at intervals along the length direction of the strip-shaped convex net surfaces (10);
the corrugated screen (7) and the vibrating screen (1) are both horizontally arranged, the axial flow fan (8) blows air along the horizontal direction, and the blowing direction of the axial flow fan (8) is perpendicular to the length direction of the strip-shaped protruding screen surfaces (10).
2. The vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on the positive and negative pressure airflow field as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the aperture of the sieve hole (103) is 10 mm.
3. The vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on the positive and negative pressure airflow field as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the length direction of the strip-shaped convex net surface (10) is parallel to the movement direction of the materials on the vibrating screen (1), and the light impurity blowing-out port (9) is positioned above the oversize material outlet (2).
4. The vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on the positive and negative pressure airflow field as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the axial flow fan (8) is positioned on one side of the cleaning chamber close to the feed hopper (6) so as to facilitate the movement of light impurity particles above the corrugated screen (7) to the light impurity blowing outlet (9).
5. The vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on the positive and negative pressure airflow field as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the lateral wall of cleaning room installation axial fan (8) is flaring type water conservancy diversion structure (11), and the tip of flaring type water conservancy diversion structure (11) is connected with the air outlet of axial fan (8) to increase the area of action between air current and the ripple screen cloth (7) that axial fan (8) were bloied and are produced.
6. The vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on the positive and negative pressure airflow field as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the width of feeder hopper (6) is the same with the width of clean room, makes the outer wall of feeder hopper (6) both sides all laminate with the inner wall of clean room, and feeder hopper (6) are towards the outer wall of light and miscellaneous blowout port (9) and the clean room inner wall parallel arrangement at light and miscellaneous blowout port (9) place, ripple screen cloth (7) are the rectangle, and all protruding wire side of strip (10) all extend to feeder hopper (6) outer wall from the clean room inner wall at light and miscellaneous blowout port (9) place.
7. The vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on the positive and negative pressure airflow field as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the grain conveying auger (3) and the impurity conveying auger (4) are horizontally arranged and perpendicular to the motion direction of the material on the vibrating screen (1), and the grain conveying auger (3) is located in the middle of the vibrating screen (1) along the motion direction of the material.
CN201910258017.XA 2019-04-01 2019-04-01 Vibrating screen type grain crop cleaning device based on positive and negative pressure airflow field Active CN109848044B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN206620506U (en) * 2017-03-15 2017-11-10 常州东风农机集团有限公司 The miscellaneous remaining processing separator of combine
CN207022575U (en) * 2017-07-07 2018-02-23 朱洪建 A kind of seed harvester cleaning room
CN109261516A (en) * 2018-10-24 2019-01-25 河南科技大学 A kind of combined fan formula oat kicker

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10448576B2 (en) * 2017-08-22 2019-10-22 Cnh Industrial America Llc Adjustable fan based on grain throughput

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN206620506U (en) * 2017-03-15 2017-11-10 常州东风农机集团有限公司 The miscellaneous remaining processing separator of combine
CN207022575U (en) * 2017-07-07 2018-02-23 朱洪建 A kind of seed harvester cleaning room
CN109261516A (en) * 2018-10-24 2019-01-25 河南科技大学 A kind of combined fan formula oat kicker

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