CN109841952B - Miniaturized antenna based on fold microstrip line - Google Patents
Miniaturized antenna based on fold microstrip line Download PDFInfo
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- CN109841952B CN109841952B CN201910230856.0A CN201910230856A CN109841952B CN 109841952 B CN109841952 B CN 109841952B CN 201910230856 A CN201910230856 A CN 201910230856A CN 109841952 B CN109841952 B CN 109841952B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a miniaturized antenna based on a folded microstrip line, which comprises a top layer, a middle floor layer and a bottom feed layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein dielectric layers are respectively bonded between the top layer and the middle floor layer and between the middle floor layer and the bottom feed layer, the top layer is a metal patch, the edge of a sheet body where a non-radiation edge of the metal patch is located is etched to form a plurality of strip-shaped metal strips to form a folded strip group, and the free ends of the plurality of strip-shaped metal strips are flush with the non-radiation edge of the metal patch. The miniaturized antenna based on the folded microstrip line not only realizes better radiation characteristics and more comprehensive performance, has the characteristics of high gain, wide radiation angle and low profile, but also has compact structure, is easy to manufacture, contributes to improving the performance of a communication system, and has high practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave application, in particular to a miniaturized antenna based on a folded microstrip line.
Background
Microstrip antennas are a new type of antennas that have been gradually developed in recent thirty years, and in recent years, in many microwave and antenna systems, due to their characteristics of small size, light weight, and low cost, miniaturized microstrip antennas have great significance in engineering applications, such as for designing handheld wireless communication devices and high-performance antenna arrays, and many achievements in design methods have been achieved.
Common microstrip antenna miniaturization techniques include loading short-circuit probes, slotting and slotting, adopting a high-dielectric-constant dielectric plate, using a composite left-hand and right-hand structure, and the like. However, these techniques have some drawbacks that even if the microstrip antenna is miniaturized, the effective radiation area of the antenna is reduced, which results in poor radiation performance of the antenna, and the performance of low profile, high gain, and wide scan angle cannot be achieved at the same time. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is important to provide a novel structure in which the antenna has a more excellent radiation characteristic while being designed in a compact size.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a miniaturized antenna based on a folded microstrip line, which has a compact and small structure and effectively improves the radiation performance of the antenna, is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a miniaturized antenna based on a folded microstrip line comprises a top layer, a middle floor layer and a bottom feed layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, medium layers are bonded between the top layer and the middle floor layer and between the middle floor layer and the bottom feed layer, through holes are formed in the top layer, the middle floor layer, the bottom feed layer and the medium layers, all the through holes are coaxial, the aperture of each through hole in the middle floor layer is larger than the aperture of other through holes, a metal cylinder is arranged in a long through hole formed by all the through holes, the metal cylinder is arranged in the long through hole, the upper end and the lower end of the metal cylinder are sequentially connected with the edges of the through holes in the top layer and the bottom feed layer, the top layer is a metal patch, the direction parallel to the radiation edge of the metal patch is a Y direction, the direction parallel to the non-radiation edge of the metal patch is an X direction, and the edges of a, gaps are formed among the metal strips, the free ends of the metal strips are flush with the non-radiation edges of the metal patches, and the integral structure formed by combining the metal strips is a folded strip group.
Preferably, the groups of the folded strips are arranged in two groups and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the non-radiation edge of the metal patch.
Preferably, the plurality of metal strips are arranged in an equidistant manner with the same width.
Preferably, the plurality of strip-shaped metal strips of the wrinkle strip group have different lengths, are arranged in a semi-elliptical shape as a whole, and have long axes arranged along the X direction.
Preferably, the length of the minor axis of the semi-elliptical fold strip group is set to be 1.0mm-3.0 mm.
Preferably, the band width of the metal band is set to 0.05mm to 0.2 mm.
Preferably, the interval between the plurality of metal strips is set to 0.05mm to 0.2 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the miniaturized antenna based on the folded microstrip line not only realizes better radiation characteristics by arranging the folded strip group on the metal patch, but also has the characteristics of high gain, wide radiation angle and low profile, has compact structure and easy manufacture, and is beneficial to improving the performance of the whole communication system, thereby having high practicability.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a metal patch of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of Kx variation with respect to frequency, obtained by eigenmode simulation of electromagnetic commercial software Ansoft Hfss in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of resonant frequency of a folded microstrip antenna according to the present invention obtained by simulation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the return loss obtained by simulation software in the present invention;
fig. 7 is a pattern at the center frequency point obtained by simulation software in the present invention, in which (a) is an E-plane pattern and (b) is an H-plane pattern.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention:
a miniaturized antenna based on a folded microstrip line is shown in figures 1 to 3 and comprises a top layer 1, a middle floor layer 2 and a bottom feed layer 3 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, medium layers 4 are respectively bonded between the top layer and the middle floor layer and between the middle floor layer and the bottom feed layer, through holes are formed in the top layer, the middle floor layer, the bottom feed layer and the medium layers, all the through holes are coaxial, the aperture of each through hole in the middle floor layer 2 is larger than that of other through holes, a metal cylinder is arranged in each through hole formed by all the through holes and is arranged in each through hole, the upper end and the lower end of each metal cylinder are sequentially connected with the edges of the through holes in the top layer 1 and the bottom feed layer 3, in practical application, the top layer 1 is a metal patch, the through holes in the top layer are feed through holes 5, and the bottom feed layer 3 is shown as a black filling area in figure, in this embodiment, the metal cylinder is preferably made of copper, the dielectric layer is a dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate is preferably made of RO4003C, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 3.55, and the loss tangent of the dielectric substrate is 0.0027, in an actual manufacturing process, two PCB boards are bonded to each other, because the existing PCB boards in the field include the dielectric layer and metal layers plated on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric layer, before the two PCB boards are bonded, the metal layer on one surface of one PCB board needs to be removed to enable the two PCB boards to share one middle floor layer, a required external dimension is cut according to design parameters, then the metal layer on the top is etched into a metal patch on the top and the metal layer on the bottom is etched into a feed layer on the bottom by a conventional etching method in the field, so as to form the whole structure of the small antenna of the present invention, a plurality of strip-shaped metal strips 6 are etched on the edges of the metal patch.
The direction parallel to the radiating edge of the metal patch is Y direction, the direction parallel to the non-radiating edge of the metal patch is X direction, a gap is formed between the metal strips 6 of a plurality of strips formed by etching, the free ends of the metal strips are parallel and level to the non-radiating edge of the metal patch, the whole structure formed by combining the metal strips is a folded strip group, and the folded strip group is arranged into two groups and is symmetrically arranged on the edges of the sheet bodies on two sides of the non-radiating edge of the metal patch.
In addition, for convenient preparation, reduce the design optimization process, fold strip group includes many metal strips that the aequilate and equidistance were arranged, effectively improves production manufacturing efficiency.
For improving the radiation effect, fold strip group comprises the different strap of many length, and wholly is semiellipse shape outward appearance setting, and its major axis sets up along the X direction.
In this embodiment, the length of the short axis of the semi-elliptical folded strip group is set to be 1.0mm-3.0mm, the bandwidth of the metal strip is set to be 0.05mm-0.2mm, and the distance between the plurality of metal strips is set to be 0.05mm-0.2mm, so that the antenna can be effectively miniaturized and the overall radiation performance requirement can be met.
According to antenna theory, for a general standing wave microstrip patch antenna, the typical working mode is TM010Mode, its resonant frequency is:
wherein Le +2 Δ L
In the above formula,. mu.0、ε0Respectively, the permeability and the dielectric constant of air, murAnd εrThe relative permeability and the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate are respectively; mu.sreffAnd εreffRespectively the equivalent magnetic permeability and the equivalent dielectric constant of the transition structure of the folded microstrip line; l and LeRespectively the physical length of the metal patch and the equivalent length under the condition of considering the boundary capacitance; h is betweenThe thickness of the substrate, W is the physical width of the metal patch, and Δ L is the equivalent width of the edge capacitance.
However, for a microstrip antenna having a certain structure, the equivalent dielectric constant is not constant, and the resonant frequency is
Wherein, muxAnd εxRespectively the permeability and the permittivity of the radiating patch.
Therefore, it can be seen that, in order to reduce the size of the antenna and make the designed structure more compact, the propagation constant k of the folded microstrip line in the X direction can be increasedx：
Wherein muCMIs the equivalent relative permeability, epsilon, of the folded microstrip line relative to the dielectric substrateCMIs the equivalent relative dielectric constant of the folded microstrip line with respect to the microstrip line structure.
From the equation (2), the propagation constant kxThe variation tendency and the equivalent relative dielectric constant εCMThe same trend, so at the same frequency,
obtained by (1):
therefore, from the above equation, the propagation constant kxThe greater the value of (a) is,
the larger the L, the smaller L, which is the physical length of the metal patch, which in the art is proportional to the length of the antenna, and therefore, the propagation constant kxThe larger the value of (a), the smaller the antenna size. Thus, according to the above process, in the present invention, the structure of the corrugated strip group is introduced, thereby effectively increasingThe equivalent relative dielectric constant of the folded microstrip line relative to the microstrip line structure is increased, thereby further increasing the propagation constant kxAnd thus the size of the antenna can be effectively reduced.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2,/2The depth of the grooves between the metal strips, if the metal strip groups are arranged in a semi-elliptical shape, the longest l2Is a minor axis length of a semi-ellipse, and a groove depth l between the metal strips is set2Is a linear variable and adopts a mode of eigenmode simulation of electromagnetic commercial software Ansoft Hfss, and takes p and pi as constant fixed values for normalizing kxWith respect to the change rule of frequency, the propagation constant k can be obtained by analyzing kxp/pixWith respect to the groove depth l between the metal strips2The change rule of (c) is shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen from the results of FIG. 4 that l in FIG. 4 is changed2Can be achieved by controlling the propagation constant kxSo as to reduce the size of the antenna, it is thus shown by the above process that the solution of the invention, by increasing the groove depth l between the metal strips2Will result in a propagation constant kxThe size of the antenna is increased, the length L of the metal patch can be reduced under the condition that the physical width of the metal patch is kept unchanged and the radiation effect is the same, and the purpose of reducing the size of the antenna can be achieved.
In addition, quantitative analysis is performed from the perspective of fringe capacitance, and the fringe capacitance is equivalent to Δ L, which is calculated by the following formula:
the resonant frequency of the folded microstrip antenna is obtained by simulation, as shown in fig. 5, the physical length L of the metal patch is a fixed value, wherein the line 1 represents the groove depth L between the metal strips corresponding to the phase reversal 180 degrees of the folded microstrip line with the length L, which is simulated by adopting the eigen mode without considering the boundary capacitance2And the relation between the frequency and the frequency,
because:
so that the method can obtain the product,
thereby obtaining each of2Corresponding to
The value is obtained.
Will be provided with
The boundary capacitance calculated by equation (4) is substituted into (1), and the influence of the boundary capacitance on the antenna resonant frequency is obtained, which is shown by line 2. Then obtaining the groove depth l of the antenna resonant frequency relative to the metal strips through simulation2The simulation result is shown as a line 3, and it can be seen that the result line 2 is approximately overlapped with the line 3, so that the semielliptical metal strip group introduced into the folded metal patch has no influence on the boundary capacitance, and the electromagnetic field of the boundary is not influenced, so that the radiation characteristic of the antenna is not influenced.
In the following description with reference to the simulation example, assuming that the effective size of the metal patch is 5.3mm × 5.3mm, the parameters are optimized by using software HFSS, and the data of the physical model after final optimization is that, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the distance between the metal strips of the wrinkle strip group is s10.1mm, bandwidth l1The overall structure of the corrugated strip group is a semi-ellipse with the major axis being the length of the metal corrugated part and coinciding with the non-radiation edge of the metal patch, the physical length of the antenna is equal to the major axis of the corrugated strip group, and the minor axis length is l22.2 mm. The bottom feed layer of the antenna adopts a 50 ohm microstrip line with the line width of W21.3mm, the line width of the impedance matching section is W10.1mm long31 mm. The radius of the feed through hole of the top layer is R10.15mm, the radius of the central through hole punched on the middle floor is R20.2mm, the dielectric substrate is selected from RO4003C, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 3.55, the loss tangent is 0.0027, and the thickness is 1.5mmIn the optimized physical model, the thickness of the dielectric layer is 1.5mm, so that the technical scheme of the invention can effectively achieve the technical effect of low profile.
As shown in fig. 6, the simulated and measured S11The performance of the parameters shows that the impedance matching of the antenna is good, and the small deviation of the test and simulation is caused by the external structure and factors associated with the antenna, which are not related to the technical scheme of the invention, such as the insertion loss of the external SMA joint, the defects of the welding technology between the joint and the antenna body, the processing error and the like.
As shown in fig. 7, the E-plane and H-plane patterns at 9GHz are obtained by simulation and measurement, the maximum gain measured in the z-direction is 3dB, which is about 5.15dBi, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna obtained by simulation is greater than 13dB, thus showing that the antenna has good forward radiation performance and high gain characteristics. In addition, the 3dB beam width of the antenna is 70 +/-8 degrees on an E plane and 75 +/-8 degrees on an H plane, and the wide beam can be applied to a wireless communication system. The error between simulation and measurement is mainly due to mismatch caused by the shift of the antenna center frequency, which deteriorates the gain, but does not affect the technical effect of the present invention.
It is to be emphasized that: the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a miniaturized antenna based on fold microstrip line which characterized in that: including top layer structure, middle part floor layer and the bottom feed layer that top-down set gradually, between top layer structure and the middle part floor layer, all bond between middle part floor layer and the bottom feed layer and have the dielectric layer, the dielectric layer is the base plate of top layer PCB board and the base plate of bottom PCB board, top layer structure is that the upper surface metal layer sculpture of top layer PCB board forms, the bottom feed layer is that the lower surface metal layer sculpture of bottom PCB board forms, the floor layer does the lower surface metal layer of top layer PCB board or the upper surface metal layer of bottom PCB board, all open the through-hole on top layer structure, middle part floor layer, bottom feed layer and the dielectric layer, the hole axis of through-hole aligns, the through-hole aperture on the floor layer of middle part is greater than the aperture of other through-holes, is equipped with a metal section of thick bamboo in the long through-hole that is formed by all through-holes, and a metal section of thick, The through-hole edge of bottom feed layer, the top layer structure is the metal paster, and it is Y to establish the direction parallel with the radiating edge of metal paster to, is X to rather than the direction parallel with the non-radiating edge, and the lamellar body edge of metal paster forms the strap of many bars through the etching, has the clearance between many straps and its free end and the non-radiating edge parallel and level of metal paster, and the overall structure that forms by many strap combinations is fold strip group, many strip metal strips of fold strip group length is different, wholly is the setting of semiellipse shape, and its major axis sets up along the X direction.
2. The miniaturized antenna based on folded microstrip line according to claim 1, wherein: the fold strip groups are arranged into two groups and symmetrically arranged on the non-radiation edges at two sides of the metal patch.
3. The miniaturized antenna based on folded microstrip line according to claim 1, wherein: the metal strips are arranged in an equal-width and equal-distance mode.
4. The miniaturized antenna based on folded microstrip line according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the minor axis of the semielliptical fold strip group is set to be 1.0mm-3.0 mm.
5. The miniaturized antenna based on folded microstrip line according to claim 1, wherein: the bandwidth of the metal belt is set to be 0.05mm-0.2 mm.
6. The miniaturized antenna based on folded microstrip line according to claim 1, wherein: the interval between the plurality of metal strips is set to be 0.05mm-0.2 mm.
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| CN101558531B (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2013-02-27 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Antenna and communication device with that antenna |
| CN101106215B (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2011-04-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Half U type open slot overlapping wide frequency band micro band antenna |
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| US6211825B1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-04-03 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Dual-notch loaded microstrip antenna |
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