CN109818158B - Broadband SIW back-cavity slot antenna array adopting L-shaped slot units - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) back cavity slot antenna array adopting L-shaped slot units, which comprises a parallel feed type power division network and a plurality of SIW back cavity slot antenna units, wherein each antenna unit mainly comprises an SIW rectangular resonant cavity and two pairs of L-shaped slot pairs which are rotationally symmetrical relative to the center of the resonant cavity, and two L-shaped slots of each L-shaped slot pair are arranged in a face-to-face manner. By designing the positions of the metallized through holes and the metallized blind holes, the antenna units form rectangular SIW isolation cavities with one-side long edges open in the medium pasting layer, and the influence of electromagnetic fields leaked in the pasting layer on an antenna array directional diagram and gain is remarkably reduced. The antenna array realized by the invention has the characteristics of wider directional diagram bandwidth, flat in-band gain, narrow beam on the pitching surface of the azimuth surface and low cross polarization level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology based broadband cavity-backed slot antenna array adopting a novel L-shaped slot unit, belonging to the technical field of antennas.
Background
With the increasing demand of people on driving safety and automatic driving, the millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar has a very wide application prospect. The antenna array is used as a key element of a millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar system, and the performance of the antenna array directly influences the detection distance, the detection angle, the anti-interference capability and the resolution of the radar system.
In recent years, millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar has been studied more and more deeply, and the antenna array of the radar system has also been developed toward multifunction, wide frequency band, high gain, and the like. However, the millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar system is strict in various indexes of the antenna array and is limited by factors such as processing precision, and many methods for improving the antenna performance are not practical. Therefore, millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radars have a great demand for antenna arrays that are easy to integrate in a plane, have a wide bandwidth, have a narrow beam, and have a low cross polarization level.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems and the defects in the conventional 79GHz millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar antenna technology, the invention provides a broadband antenna array capable of covering the whole 76-81 GHz millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar frequency band by adopting a substrate integrated waveguide technology. The antenna array has the advantages of wide bandwidth, flat in-band gain, low cross polarization level and the like.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a broadband SIW back cavity slot antenna array adopting L-shaped slot units comprises a parallel feed type power division network and a plurality of SIW back cavity slot antenna units; the SIW back cavity slot antenna unit is formed by bonding an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate through an adhesive layer and comprises an upper SIW back cavity slot radiation layer and a lower SIW feed layer; the L-shaped gap is arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate on which the SIW resonant cavity is arranged, and the antenna unit feeds power through the coupling gap arranged on the upper surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate; the SIW back cavity slot antenna unit is provided with two pairs of L-shaped slots which are rotationally symmetrical relative to the center of the SIW resonant cavity, two L-shaped slots of the L-shaped slot pairs are placed in a face-to-face mode, and a blind hole for improving impedance matching is formed in each pair of L-shaped slots near the slots.
In a preferred embodiment, the SIW resonator operates at TE210In the mode, two sides of the center of the SIW resonant cavity can obtain equal-amplitude reverse electric fields, and the electric fields on the two pairs of excited L-shaped gaps are equal-amplitude and in-phase.
In a preferred embodiment, the antenna array is provided with metallized via holes penetrating from the top copper layer to the bottom copper layer, and the metallized via holes form part of the lower SIW feed structure and form a rectangular SIW isolation cavity with one side and a long side open in the pasting layer.
In a preferred embodiment, the antenna array is formed by duplicating the same column unit in the x direction of the antenna in a 180-degree rotation symmetry mode about the center of the array when the antenna array is arrayed in the y direction, wherein the y direction is the length direction of the L-shaped gaps, and the x direction is the width direction of the L-shaped gaps.
In a preferred embodiment, the antenna array is a 2 × 4 antenna array, and 8 SIW cavity-backed slot antenna units are fed through a shunt-feed-one-eight power division network.
Has the advantages that: compared with the conventional 79GHz millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar antenna array, the antenna array has the following advantages:
1) by adopting a full-parallel feeding mode, the antenna array has stable directional diagram characteristics in a wide frequency band of 75-82 GHz, the in-band gain fluctuation is less than 1dB, and the whole 76-81 GHz millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar frequency band is covered.
2) Aiming at the multi-layer slot coupling feed array antenna positioned in a millimeter wave frequency band, a rectangular SIW isolation cavity with one side and a long side open is formed in the medium pasting layer by skillfully designing the positions of the metallized through holes and the blind holes, so that the influence of an electromagnetic field leaked in the pasting layer on an antenna array directional diagram and gain is remarkably reduced.
3) The L-shaped slot pairs of the antenna units are placed in a rotational symmetry mode, and are placed in a mirror symmetry mode relative to the center of the array during array forming, so that an electric field of corners of the L-shaped slots in a cross polarization direction can be offset, and a lower cross polarization level is obtained.
4) The antenna array is a planar structure and is easy to integrate on a circuit board.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall antenna array structure according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of an antenna array of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an upper dielectric substrate of the antenna array according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array adhesive layer in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a lower dielectric substrate of an antenna array according to the present invention;
in FIGS. 1-5: 1-L-shaped gap 1; 2-matching blind holes; 3-SIW resonant cavity; 4-a feeding point; 5-metal ground; 6-SIW landing WR10 test structure; 7-metallized vias; 8-metallized blind holes; 9-sticking layer; 10-an upper dielectric substrate; 11-lower dielectric substrate 11; 12-a shunt eight power division network in parallel;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the results of antenna array simulation and test standing wave parameters in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of antenna array simulation and test gain results in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulation and test pattern for the E-plane of the antenna array of the present invention at 76 GHz;
FIG. 9 is a H-plane simulation and test pattern for the antenna array of the present invention at 76 GHz;
FIG. 10 is a simulation and test pattern of the E-plane of the antenna array of the present invention at 79 GHz;
FIG. 11 is a H-plane simulation and test pattern for the antenna array of the present invention at 79 GHz;
FIG. 12 is a simulation and test pattern for the E-plane of the antenna array of the present invention at 81 GHz;
fig. 13 is an H-plane simulation and test pattern for the antenna array of the present invention at 81 GHz.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as various equivalent modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the appended claims.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity slot antenna array adopting L-shaped slot units, which mainly comprises a plurality of SIW back cavity slot antenna units and a parallel feed type power distribution network, wherein the tail end of the power distribution network is connected with an SIW switching WR10 test structure. The SIW back cavity slot antenna unit is of a double-layer structure and comprises an upper SIW back cavity slot radiation layer and a lower SIW feed layer; the L-shaped gap is arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer medium substrate on which the SIW resonant cavity is arranged, the antenna unit feeds power through the coupling gap arranged on the upper surface of the lower-layer SIW, and the antenna can be processed by adopting a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) process. Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention specifically describes the detailed structure design and test results of the present invention with a 2 × 4 antenna array structure.
As shown in fig. 1, the SIW cavity-backed slot antenna array has 4 array elements in the x direction, 2 array elements in the y direction, and a total of 8 array elements, and the structural model of the SIW cavity-backed slot antenna array mainly includes: the L-shaped gap 1 and the matching blind hole 2 are positioned on the SIW resonant cavity 3; a feeding point 4; a metal ground 5; SIW landing WR10 test structure 6; a metallized via 7; a metallized blind hole 8; an adhesive layer 9; an upper dielectric substrate 10; a lower dielectric substrate 11; and a shunt-type one-to-eight power distribution network 12.
The SIW back cavity slot antenna unit consists of two layers with the thickness of h1＝h30.508mm Rogers RO3003 plate, the upper and lower dielectric base plates are bonded together by an adhesive layer Rogers 4450B, and the thickness of the plate is h20.09 mm. The lower dielectric substrate 11 of the antenna element is a feed layer for feeding the radiating structure of the upper antenna through a transverse slot formed in a copper layer on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate. The upper dielectric substrate 10 is a SIW back cavity slot radiation layer, the left half part of the SIW resonant cavity 3 is a pair of L-shaped slots 1 which are arranged face to face, and the pair of L-shaped slots is copied in a rotational symmetry way relative to the center of the SIW resonant cavity 3, so that two pairs of rotationally symmetric L-shaped slot pairs are obtained. In order to feed the two pairs of L-shaped slot pairs simultaneously, the length and width of the SIW resonant cavity 3 are reasonably optimized to work at TE210In the mode, equal-amplitude reverse electric fields are obtained on the left side and the right side of the center of the SIW cavity 3, and the electric fields on the two pairs of excited L-shaped slits are equal in amplitude and in phase, so that an edge radiation directional diagram is formed.
By optimizing the position parameter X of the blind hole 2mAnd YmThe impedance matching of the antenna unit can be improved, and the same-phase excitation of the four L-shaped slots is ensured. At the same time, a small section is introduced into one end of each transverse seamThe longitudinal slit can remarkably improve the impedance matching of the antenna unit by adjusting the length t of the longitudinal slit.
Fig. 3 to 5 are schematic diagrams of respective layer structure models of the antenna array, wherein the length of the L-shaped slot 1 is Ls1Width of Ws1(ii) a The length of the SIW resonant cavity 3 is LcWidth of Wc(ii) a The radius of the metallized through hole 7 and the metallized blind hole 8 is d, and the inter-hole distance is p; the length of the upper dielectric substrate 10 is LupWidth of Wup(ii) a The distance between the antenna units in the x direction is DexThe distance in the y direction being Dey(ii) a The length of the SIW isolation cavity formed by the metalized through holes 7 in the adhesive layer 9 is Lisc(ii) a The length of the coupling slot is Ls2Width of Ws2At a distance D from the short-circuited ends2(ii) a The distances between the SIW right-angle corner matching hole and the right-angle in the x direction and the y direction are respectively DvxAnd Dvy；Dm1And Dm2The distance between the matching hole and the side wall of the SIW; d2Matching the diameter of the metallized blind hole as the center; l isdAnd WdRespectively, the length and width of the lower dielectric substrate 11.
By punching the metallized through holes 7 near the metallized blind holes 8 for forming the SIW resonant cavity 3, two "king" shaped metallized through hole arrays are formed, which can significantly reduce the influence of electromagnetic energy leaked from the adhesive layer 9 on the antenna array pattern. As can be seen from fig. 3 to 5, the metallized through-holes 7 penetrate from the top copper layer to the bottom copper layer without damaging the upper and lower SIW structures, thereby forming a parallel-feed-type one-eight power splitting network 12 of the lower dielectric substrate 11, and forming 8 rectangular SIW isolation cavities with single-side long edges open in the adhesive layer 9, due to the existence of the equivalent electrical wall, energy leaked from the coupling gap of one unit in the array through the adhesive layer 9 is completely isolated from the coupling gaps of the peripheral units, and the leaked electromagnetic energy is transmitted in opposite directions, so that the leaked electromagnetic energy is mutually cancelled in the y direction, and the gain and far-field pattern characteristics of the antenna array are not affected. In addition, when the antenna array is arrayed in the y direction, a column of units in the x direction of the antenna is duplicated in a 180-degree rotation symmetry mode with respect to the center of the array, so that an electric field in the y direction at the corner of the L-shaped slot can be offset, and the cross polarization level is reduced.
Electromagnetic simulation software is adopted to optimize the size of the antenna, and the obtained antenna size parameters are shown in tables 1-4. The meaning of each parameter has been explained above.
Table 1 antenna parameter values corresponding to the model in fig. 2
| Parameter(s) | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter(s) | Numerical value (mm) |
| h1 | 0.508 | h3 | 0.508 |
| h2 | 0.09 |
Table 2 antenna parameter values corresponding to the model in fig. 3
| Parameter(s) | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter(s) | Numerical value (mm) |
| Ls1 | 1.65 | Dex | 5.5 |
| Ws1 | 0.25 | Dey | 3.15 |
| t | 0.245 | d | 0.3 |
| Xm | 0.17 | p | 0.5 |
| Ym | 0.34 | Lup | 24.18 |
| Lc | 4.59 | Wup | 8.25 |
| Wc | 2.15 |
Table 3 antenna parameter values corresponding to the model in fig. 4
| Parameter(s) | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter(s) | Numerical value (mm) |
| Lup | 24.18 | Lisc | 5.5 |
| Wup | 8.25 |
Table 4 antenna parameter values corresponding to the model of fig. 5
| Parameter(s) | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter(s) | Numerical value (mm) |
| Ls2 | 1.18 | Dvy | 0.6 |
| Ws2 | 0.28 | Dm2 | 0.53 |
| Ds2 | 1.33 | d2 | 0.4 |
| Dm1 | 0.65 | Ld | 48.77 |
| Dvx | 0.6 | |
40 |
The test results are shown in fig. 6 to 13. FIG. 6 is a graph of simulation and test standing wave parameters for the antenna array of the present invention; FIG. 7 illustrates antenna array simulation and test gain in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 8 is a simulation and test pattern for the E-plane of the antenna array of the present invention at 76 GHz; FIG. 9 is a H-plane simulation and test pattern for the antenna array of the present invention at 76 GHz; FIG. 10 is a simulation and test pattern of the E-plane of the antenna array of the present invention at 79 GHz; FIG. 11 is a H-plane simulation and test pattern for the antenna array of the present invention at 79 GHz; FIG. 12 is a simulation and test pattern for the E-plane of the antenna array of the present invention at 81 GHz; fig. 13 is an H-plane simulation and test pattern for the antenna array of the present invention at 81 GHz. The actual measurement result graph shows that the designed broadband SIW back-cavity slot antenna array realizes the impedance bandwidth of-10 dB at 75-82 GHz, and the gain of 16dBi and the cross polarization level of-30.3 dB at the central frequency of 79 GHz.
Claims (4)
1. A broadband SIW back cavity slot antenna array adopting L-shaped slot units is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a parallel feed type power division network and a plurality of SIW back cavity slot antenna units; the SIW back cavity slot antenna unit is formed by bonding an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate through an adhesive layer and comprises an upper SIW back cavity slot radiation layer and a lower SIW feed layer; the L-shaped gap is arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate on which the SIW resonant cavity is arranged, and the antenna unit feeds power through the coupling gap arranged on the upper surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate; the SIW back cavity slot antenna unit is provided with two pairs of L-shaped slots which are rotationally symmetrical relative to the center of the SIW resonant cavity, two L-shaped slots of the L-shaped slot pairs are placed in a face-to-face mode, and a blind hole for improving impedance matching is formed in each pair of L-shaped slots near the slots; the antenna array is provided with metalized through holes penetrating from the top copper layer to the bottom copper layer, the metalized through holes form a part of the lower-layer SIW feed structure, and a rectangular SIW isolation cavity with a long side at one side being open is formed in the pasting layer.
2. A wideband SIW cavity-backed slot antenna array employing L-shaped slot cells as claimed in claim 1, wherein: SIW resonant cavity working at TE210In the mode, two sides of the center of the SIW resonant cavity can obtain equal-amplitude reverse electric fields, and the electric fields on the two pairs of excited L-shaped gaps are equal-amplitude and in-phase.
3. A wideband SIW cavity-backed slot antenna array employing L-shaped slot cells as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the antenna array is arranged onyDirectional array time-sharing antennaxThe cells of the same column in the direction are replicated with 180 DEG rotational symmetry about the center of the array, whereinyThe direction is the length direction of the L-shaped gap,xthe direction is the width direction of the L-shaped gap.
4. A wideband SIW cavity-backed slot antenna array employing L-shaped slot cells as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the antenna array is a 2 x 4 antenna array, and 8 SIW cavity-backed slot antenna units feed the antenna array through a shunt-feed one-eight power division network.
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| CN110429375A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-11-08 | 惠州市德赛西威智能交通技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of broad-band chip integrated waveguide double-slit antenna |
| CN110649388B (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-13 | 东南大学 | Low loss feed network and high efficiency antenna device |
| CN112886253B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-11-30 | 北京星英联微波科技有限责任公司 | Compact 5G millimeter wave dual-polarized horn antenna |
| CN113922073B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-23 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Compact high-gain single-feed millimeter wave back cavity patch filter antenna |
| EP4304010A1 (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-01-10 | Aptiv Technologies Limited | Radar system with adhesive layer for isolation of vertical feed lines |
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