CN109840368A - A kind of irrigated area channel stage discharge relation rating method - Google Patents
A kind of irrigated area channel stage discharge relation rating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of irrigated area channel stage discharge relation rating methods, acquire practical channel data, and physical model is established with this, it is associated between the two by similarity criterion, then the stage-discharge of practical channel is calculated by physical experiments, simultaneously using the data correction physical model of practical channel, the linearly related function for substantially conforming to practical channel is finally obtained in this way.This method can be to the accurate calibration of various irrigated area channel stage discharge relations, and calibration is high-efficient；For the practical channel uncoordinated with the ratio of physical model, also traffic alignment can be carried out by Manning formula.The invention is used for water consumption measurement field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water consumption measurement fields, more particularly to a kind of irrigated area channel stage discharge relation rating method.
Background technique
In recent years, as the high speed development of China's economic society, scarcity of resources and bad environments have become and restrict people
To the bottleneck that good life is yearned for, strict control water resource is had increasing need for, " water-saving preferential " is practiced, also has increasing need for actively
Management monitoring water resource.
It is found in system Construction practice, it is agricultural water first that the water metering of agricultural irrigation area, there are certain difficulties
Complexity, how to remove irrigated area water and practical water requirement have difficulties；Secondly the quantity of irrigated area channel metering is big, with Guangdong
For province, nearly 800 of the irrigated area channel quantity for needing to measure, workload is very big.Finally, irrigated area channel measurement means disunity,
Adaptability and measurement accuracy to different channels are also not quite similar.Successively, try to explore the accurate statistics and filling of Water Consumption in Agriculture
The adaptation Journal of Sex Research of area's channel metering method means is the work for needing to carry out.
By design scheme, more in-site measurement channel water levels are measured in irrigated area, and realize in conjunction with the stage discharge relation of calibration
Calculate channel water.It is found in the project implementation process, part irrigated area channel is limited by that channel structure is complicated and changeable and calibration item
Part is undesirable etc., it is difficult to accurately measure its stage discharge relation, and then influence irrigated area measuring accuracy.One of predicament is, by
It is limited to the condition that discharges water of practical channel, is difficult to obtain the stage-discharge data more than 20 groups or more, be wanted so that satisfaction can not be obtained
The stage-discharge curve asked.
For above-mentioned problem, the technical program proposes a kind of new research approach.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of irrigated area channel stage discharge relation rating method, theoretical reliable, precision height,
Speed is fast and meets irrigated area measuring requirement.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of irrigated area channel stage discharge relation rating method, comprising the following steps:
A, the flow parameter of practical channel is acquired, flow parameter includes practical bottom width bp, actual water level hp, actual flow Qp、
Practical roughness np, practical hydraulic radius Rp, practical discharge area ωp, practical hydraulic gradient Jp, obtain actual flow and gradually change
In the process, the several groups test data of actual water level variation；
B, according to the physical model of practical channel type production channel, physical model is unfolded to test and acquire flow ginseng
Number, flow parameter includes model bottom width bm, model water level hm, model flow Qm, model roughness nm, model hydraulic radius Rm, model
Discharge area ωm, model hydraulic gradient Jm, during acquisition model flow gradually changes, the several groups of different model water levels variations
Test data；
C, using the parameter of gravity similarity criterion reduction physical model, plane is set than ruler as λi, set flow-rate ratio ruler as
λQ, roughness is set than ruler as λn, thenIf reduction water level is hmi, restore flow
It is set as Qmi, then hmi=hm×λi, Qmi=m×λQ；
D, physical model is determined using actual water level and actual flow rate, one group of h is taken by linear interpolation methodp、Qp、hmiWith
Qmi, wherein hpAnd hmiThen average deviation compares Q less than 1%pAnd QmiAbsolute value deviation；Work as QpAnd QmiAverage absolute value it is inclined
After difference is less than 8%, determine that above-mentioned physical model meets expection；Work as QpAnd QmiMad be greater than 8% when, adjust object
The roughness for managing model, re-starts step b, c and d；
E, Linear correlative analysis is carried out to the physical model determined in step d, obtain reduction flow and restores the line of water level
Property correlation function, guarantee related coefficient be greater than 0.95, returned to if related coefficient is less than 0.95 step b, c and d adjustment it is rough
Rate.
As an improvement of the above scheme, when practical channel is trapezoidal or compound channel, increase section school before step d
Quasi- step, if calibrated fluxes are QiIf section calibration factor is r, if the cross-sectional area of practical channel is Ap, wetted perimeter χp,
The cross-sectional area of physical model is Am, wetted perimeter χm, then
QiReplace Qmi, then with QpCompare, final physical model is determined according to step d.
As an improvement of the above scheme, it is rectangle, trapezoidal and compound physical model that cross section is established in step b.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the model height of physical model is 0.8m, the model bottom width difference of rectangular canal
For 0.4m, 1.0m, 1.5m, the model bottom width of trapezoidal channel is 0.6m, model top width is 2.0m, and model grade of side slope is 1:
0.75, the model bottom width of compound channel is 0.4m, model top width is 2.5m, model grade of side slope is 1:0.75.
As an improvement of the above scheme, step a and step b makes the mapping of water level and flow when obtaining flow parameter
Table.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the flow of physical model, with the amplification of+3L/s, is gradually increased using 5L/s as starting point
To 400L/s, model water level of the physical model under different model bottom width is correspondingly obtained.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: this programme proposes the method studied using physical simulation experiment in single ventricle, realizes
To the accurate calibration of various irrigated area channel stage discharge relations, and calibration is high-efficient.It can directly construct indoors comprising square
The generic physical model of shape, trapezoidal and compound channel, by measuring a small amount of stage-discharge parameter at the scene, using dynamic than ruler side
Formula realizes stage discharge relation by single one physical model to the conversion of multiple practical channels；Ratio with physical model is not assisted
The practical channel adjusted, also can carry out traffic alignment by Manning formula.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings:
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of trapezoidal channel；
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of compound channel；
Fig. 3 is the top view of physical model；
Fig. 4 is the analysis chart of rectangular canal；
Fig. 5 is the analysis chart of trapezoidal channel.
Specific embodiment
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 5.
The calculation formula of canal capacity:
ω is discharge area in formula, and R is hydraulic radius, and J is hydraulic gradient, and n is roughness.
The area of trapezoidal channel are as follows: A=(b+mh) h, wetted perimeter are as follows:B is bottom width in formula, and m is
Grade of side slope, h are water level.
Signified compound channel is to be further added by a side slope on the basis of trapezoidal channel in the application.Then compound canal
The area in road are as follows:
A=(b1+m1h1)h1+(h-h1)×[b2+m2(h-h1)],
Wetted perimeter are as follows:
The present invention is a kind of irrigated area channel stage discharge relation rating method, comprising the following steps:
A, the flow parameter of practical channel is acquired, flow parameter mainly includes practical bottom width bp, actual water level hp, practical stream
Measure Qp, practical roughness np, practical hydraulic radius Rp, practical discharge area ωp, practical hydraulic gradient Jp, the flow parameter to be acquired
There are also grade of side slopes, whole height, historical traffic, average flow rate, maximum flow, peak level etc.；Then practical stream is obtained
During amount gradually changes, the several groups test data of actual water level variation；Wherein historical traffic and peak level can provide
The boundary condition of reference.
B, according to the physical model of practical channel type production channel, physical model is unfolded to test and acquire flow ginseng
Number, flow parameter includes model bottom width bm, model water level hm, model flow Qm, model roughness nm, model hydraulic radius Rm, model
Discharge area ωm, model hydraulic gradient Jm, during acquisition model flow gradually changes, the several groups of different model water levels variations
Test data.Step a and step b do not have sequencing, can carry out simultaneously.
C, using the parameter of gravity similarity criterion reduction physical model, plane is set than ruler as λi, set flow-rate ratio ruler as
λQ, roughness is set than ruler as λn, thenIf reduction water level is hmi, restore flow
It is set as Qmi, then hmi=hm×λi, Qmi=m×λQ。
D, physical model is determined using actual water level and actual flow rate, one group of h is taken by linear interpolation methodp、Qp、hmiWith
Qmi, wherein
hpAnd hmiThen average deviation compares Q less than 1%pAnd QmiAbsolute value deviation；This step mainly compares flow, institute
As far as possible at identical conditions with water level.Work as QpAnd QmiMad less than 8% after, determine above-mentioned physical model
Meet expection.Work as QpAnd QmiMad be greater than 8% when, adjust the roughness of physical model, re-start step b, c
And d, obtain new model flow；Here variable is controlled, the model roughness in the calculation formula of canal capacity is adjusted, is obtained new
Model flow.
E, Linear correlative analysis is carried out to the physical model determined in step d, obtain reduction flow and restores the line of water level
Property correlation function, Q=A × h+B, guarantee related coefficient be greater than 0.95, return to step b, c if related coefficient is less than 0.95
With
D adjusts roughness.Acquisition, operational data when carrying out dependent linearity analysis and in above-mentioned steps, can record
Enter computer, allows its automatic operation.
Since rectangular canal only needs to be adapted to roughness, so above-mentioned steps are mainly applicable in and rectangular canal.When practical channel
When for trapezoidal or compound channel, there is also the problems that practical channel horizontal direction and vertical size and physical model ratio are uncoordinated.
Then the step of increasing section calibration before step d, if calibrated fluxes are QiIf section calibration factor is r, if practical channel
Cross-sectional area be Ap, wetted perimeter χp, the cross-sectional area of physical model is Am, wetted perimeter χm, thenQi=× Qmi, QiReplace Qmi, then with QpCompare, final physics mould is determined according to step d
Type.It is the ratio of two flows for the origin of section calibration factor,It is assumed that two different cross section knots
The channel of structure, their roughness n is identical with hydraulic gradient J, can simplify section calibration factor；Here cross-sectional area refers to canal
Whole cross-sectional areas in road, different from the discharge area of channel.
In the present embodiment, it is rectangle, trapezoidal and compound general physical model that cross section is established in step b.Such one
A variety of tests and conversion just can be unfolded in a laboratory.The model height of physical model is 0.8m, the model bottom of rectangular canal
Width is respectively 0.4m, 1.0m, 1.5m, and the model bottom width of trapezoidal channel is 0.6m, model top width is 2.0m, and model grade of side slope is
1:0.75, the model bottom width of compound channel is 0.4m, model top width is 2.5m, model grade of side slope is 1:0.75.Referring in particular to
Fig. 3, five vertical channels from left to right, width are followed successively by 0.4m, 1.0m, 1.5m, 2.0m and 2.5m, and correspondingly five hang down
Straight channel respectively corresponds three rectangular canals, trapezoidal channel and compound channel.Just five can be tested on test battery device simultaneously
The different physical model of kind, Efficiency are higher.
Make water level and flow in the present embodiment when obtaining flow parameter for the ease of check analysis, step a and step b
Mapping table.
The stage-discharge of fining is acquired in the present embodiment, the flow of physical model is using 5L/s as starting point, with+3L/s
Amplification, progressively increase to 400L/s, correspondingly obtain model water level of the physical model under different model bottom width.
Here is case one.
According to the experimental rig of the physical model of above-mentioned setting, 28 groups of working condition tests are carried out, the section of model flow is
0.005m3/ s~0.15m3/ s determines the model water level of different channels.It is shown in Table 1.
1 test result data of table
First it is noted that following data temporarily have ignored the data after thousand quartiles, so two data are multiplied
Except the result after plus-minus does not have to slightly with what is individually calculated.The technical program mainly illustrates that Principle Method, data difference can be temporary
When ignore.
Irrigated area is enclosed for practical area, such as the red stockaded village of Zhanjiang Lianjiang, is rectangular canal.
Corresponding step b.Practical bottom width bp=0.8m, material are concrete structure, and measurement point channel is substantially without sediment, coagulation
The average roughness n ≈ 0.015 on native surface.Then calculated that plane compares ruler as physical model using rectangular canal Then flow-rate ratio rulerRoughness compares rulerPhysical model takes troweling cement mortar to take 0.013, and physical model restores rough at this time
Rate is λm=0.013 × λnp=0.015, it is consistent with the roughness of practical channel, it can be used for water level and discharge relation analysis.
Corresponding step c.The rectangular canal test data of 0.4m wide is first reverted into practical channel, the i.e. square of 0.8m by than ruler
Shape channel, the data after reduction are shown in Table 2.Wherein model water level is multiplied by plane than ruler 2, and model flow is multiplied by flow-rate ratio ruler 5.65.
2 test result data of table
Corresponding step d.16 groups of data are acquired on practical channel, are then compared with the restoring data of 20 groups of stage-discharges,
Linear difference is carried out, in the essentially identical situation of water level, the difference condition of flow obtains stage-discharge and the reduction of practical channel
The relationship of data.It is shown in Table 3 and Fig. 4.
The flow of the practical channel of table 3 and reduction data on flows (rectangle)
As shown in Table 3, the deviation of actual flow and reduction flow is most of within 10%, and absolute value average deviation is
7.0%, meet measurement error requirement.
Corresponding step d.According to the data of reduction water level and reduction flow, dependent linearity analysis can be carried out.It can be
3 data of typing table in excel table, directly generate Fig. 4, and wherein the upper right corner Fig. 4 is dependent linearity function.Q=0.2035 ×
H-0.0236, related coefficient 0.9998, meets correlation requirement.
Here is case two.
Zhanjiang Lianjiang river head irrigated area.Irrigated area channel uses rectangular canal section, and practical bottom width is 2.5m, and whole height is
1.0m, grade of side slope 1:1.35, material are concrete structure, and measurement point channel is substantially without sediment, the rough concrete on surface
Roughness be 0.017.Model bottom width is used to be calculated for the trapezoidal channel of 0.6m.Plane is 4.17 than ruler, then flow-rate ratio ruler
It is 1.75, roughness is 1.27 than ruler, and trapezoidal channel takes troweling cement mortar, roughness 0.013, and the roughness after reduction is
0.016, it is close with the roughness of practical channel, it can be used for stage discharge relation analysis.
It is inconsistent with practical channel in view of the grade of side slope of physical model is 1:0.75, school is carried out using calibration factor r
It is quasi-.Calibration factor first is calculated using cross-sectional area and wetted perimeter, flow is then restored multiplied by calibration factor and obtains calibrated fluxes.
It is shown in Table 4.
4 model of table restores flowmeter modified flow rate data
Reduction water level and calibrated fluxes are obtained by above-mentioned physical model, is compared, is used by the stage-discharge of practical channel
Linear difference analysis.It is shown in Table 5.
The practical channel of table 5 and calibrated fluxes compare (trapezoidal)
By table 5 and Fig. 5 it is found that substance and test flow deviation are most of within 10%, absolute value average deviation
5.0%, meet measurement error requirement.The stage discharge relation that model test determines are as follows: Q=1.269 × H-0.2714 is related
Coefficient is 0.9972, meets correlation requirement.
This programme conclusion is as follows:
1. carrying out irrigated area channel dosage rate for the complexity and difficult point of the metering calibration work of irrigated area channel and determining physical test
Research, interpolation or extension irrigated area channel stage discharge relation, improve the precision of irrigated area channel metering.
2. the observation and rating method, physical model compared to practical channel are not limited by irrigated area scene rate fixed condition, can be opened
Open up the stage-discharge test of the big luffing of full working scope；In such a way that changing the plane is than ruler, the water level of most practical channels can be restored
Flow, and pass through correlation analysis, the final full working scope stage-discharge for determining practical channel.It is few that practical channel can especially be acquired
Stage-discharge data are measured, can be to the calibration that physical model is refined, and then further increase the precision of physical model.
3. by case verification, the rectangular canal and trapezoidal channel stage discharge relation that are determined using physical experiments with
The observation of practical channel is coincide substantially, and mean error meets Guidelines requirement within 5%.
4. the physical model test method that this programme proposes is the method by single model changing the plane than ruler, reduction is big
The stage-discharge of the practical channel of amount.Roughness is inconsistent when encountering, and there are non-rectangle channel with physical model is inconsistent asks
When topic, Manning formula can be used also to calibrate reduction flow, modifying factor roughness and the uncoordinated caused measurement deviation of ratio.
This method can greatly save the workload of live calibration under the premise of meeting required precision, improve working efficiency.
Certainly, the design creation is not limited to above embodiment, and the combination of the various embodiments described above different characteristic can also
To reach good effect.Those skilled in the art can also make equivalent change on the premise of without prejudice to spirit of the invention
Shape or replacement, these equivalent variation or replacement are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of irrigated area channel stage discharge relation rating method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
A, the flow parameter of practical channel is acquired, flow parameter includes practical bottom width bp, actual water level hp, actual flow Qp, it is practical
Roughness np, practical hydraulic radius Rp, practical discharge area ωp, practical hydraulic gradient Jp, obtain actual flow and gradually change process
In, the several groups test data of actual water level variation；
B, according to the physical model of practical channel type production channel, physical model is unfolded to test and acquires flow parameter, is flowed
Measuring parameter includes model bottom width bm, model water level hm, model flow Qm, model roughness nm, model hydraulic radius Rm, model flow surface
Product ωm, model hydraulic gradient Jm, during acquisition model flow gradually changes, the several groups of different model water levels variations test number
According to；
C, using the parameter of gravity similarity criterion reduction physical model, plane is set than ruler as λi, flow-rate ratio ruler is set as λQIf
Determining roughness than ruler is λn, thenIf reduction water level is hmi, restore flow set
For Qmi, then hmi=hm×λi, Qmi=Qm×λQ；
D, physical model is determined using actual water level and actual flow rate, one group of h is taken by linear interpolation methodp、Qp、hmiAnd Qmi,
Middle hpAnd hmiThen average deviation compares Q less than 1%pAnd QmiAbsolute value deviation；Work as QpAnd QmiMad be less than
After 8%, determine that above-mentioned physical model meets expection；Work as QpAnd QmiMad be greater than 8% when, adjust physical model
Roughness, re-start step b, c and d；
E, Linear correlative analysis is carried out to the physical model determined in step d, obtain reduction flow and restores the linear phase of water level
Function is closed, guarantees that related coefficient is greater than 0.95, step b, c and d adjustment roughness are returned to if related coefficient is less than 0.95.
2. channel stage discharge relation rating method in irrigated area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: when practical channel is
When trapezoidal or compound channel, increase the step of section is calibrated before step d, if calibrated fluxes are QiIf section calibration factor
For r, if the cross-sectional area of practical channel is Ap, wetted perimeter χp, the cross-sectional area of physical model is Am, wetted perimeter χm, then
Qi=r × Qmi,
QiReplace Qmi, then with QpCompare, final physical model is determined according to step d.
3. channel stage discharge relation rating method in irrigated area according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: built in step b
Vertical cross section is rectangle, trapezoidal and compound physical model.
4. channel stage discharge relation rating method in irrigated area according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the mould of physical model
Type height is 0.8m, and the model bottom width of rectangular canal is respectively 0.4m, 1.0m, 1.5m, and the model bottom width of trapezoidal channel is
0.6m, model top width are 2.0m, and model grade of side slope is 1:0.75, and the model bottom width of compound channel is 0.4m, model top width is
2.5m, model grade of side slope are 1:0.75.
5. channel stage discharge relation rating method in irrigated area according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: step a and step
Rapid b makes the mapping table of water level and flow when obtaining flow parameter.
6. channel stage discharge relation rating method in irrigated area according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the stream of physical model
Amount, with the amplification of+3L/s, progressively increases to 400L/s using 5L/s as starting point, correspondingly obtains physical model at different model bottoms
Model water level under wide.
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