CN109838229B - Electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method for formation resistivity evaluation, which is different from the conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity in that two receiving antennas are adopted. According to the method, the receiving antenna electromotive force of a certain coil distance and working frequency in different stratum resistivity (conductivity) environments is calculated through numerical simulation, and the conversion relation between the amplitude ratio and the resistivity is obtained by comparing the receiving antenna electromotive force with the receiving antenna electromotive force value under the condition of infinite resistivity. Before the instrument works, the temperature is firstly full (20) o C~150 o C) The method is suitable for the field of logging while drilling in oil and gas exploration.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of measurement while drilling or logging while drilling data processing methods for petroleum and natural gas drilling operation, in particular to a data processing method for providing stratum electromagnetic wave resistivity for a geosteering measurement while drilling system.
Background art:
during the exploration and development of oil fields, formation geological information and engineering parameters need to be measured. The desired parameters often include formation environment parameters, downhole tool position, orientation, and drilling environment parameters. There are many conventional logging-while-drilling tools that can provide the above parameters. The electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument as an important instrument for evaluating the formation property can provide formation resistivity information to evaluate the oil content of the formation. The current commercial electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument usually comprises two or more receiving antennas, and the amplitude ratio or the phase difference of the receiving antennas is adopted to convert formation resistivity information. The processing method of the instrument determines that the conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity instruments often have the measurement zero length of 10-15 m and cannot reflect the formation resistivity at the drill bit in time, particularly for the situation of thin oil layers, so that the resistivity measuring device is better as being closer to the drill bit, but the instrument size is limited as being closer to the drill bit, and the smaller the number of the antennas is, the better the instrument size is, so as to meet the space requirement in some cases.
Currently, international petroleum engineering service companies such as schlumberger, harlibertn, beckhaus successively publish patent technologies of self in terms of multi-component, multi-antenna distance and multi-frequency instruments (such as U.S. patent publication nos. 6777940, 7038455, 7557580, 6181138, 20050140373, 7375530, 7483793 and the like) to be widely applied to stratum evaluation and geosteering and achieve good effects.
In recent years, rapid development is needed in the design and manufacture aspects of the electromagnetic wave instrument while drilling in the country, and a series of methods and devices for measuring the resistivity of the electromagnetic wave while drilling are also provided, such as an electromagnetic wave resistivity logging while drilling instrument (201410773943.8), a measuring device for measuring the resistivity while drilling and a measuring method thereof (20131069827.9), wherein the basic principle is that the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of two receiving antennas are measured based on two receiving antennas to convert the two receiving antennas into the formation resistivity.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides an electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method which can meet the space requirement of near-bit instrument design, can improve the measurement redundancy of a conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument while drilling and improve the measurement reliability.
An electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method is based on an electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument while drilling, and a measuring unit of the electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument while drilling only consists of a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna and is not coupled with the transmitting antenna; wherein:
simulating and calculating the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under different stratum conductivity environments at a certain antenna distance and working frequency, and comparing the electromotive force with the electromotive force value of the receiving antenna under the condition of infinite resistivity to obtain the conversion relation between the amplitude ratio and the resistivity;
correcting the conversion relation by using at least one amplitude ratio under the determined resistivity environment;
and (3) carrying out electromotive force calibration on the receiving antenna under the full temperature condition, making an amplitude ratio of the value of the electromotive force measured by the receiving antenna of the instrument to the value of the electromotive force in the air at the corresponding temperature, and then obtaining the formation resistivity value through conversion.
The processing method in the scheme comprises the following steps of converting full-temperature air scales and measured data:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, the full-temperature air scale is calculated in a simulation mode when a certain coil distance and working frequency exist, namely the temperature is in the range of 20-150 ℃, the electromotive force of a receiving antenna under the condition of measuring the air by using a while-drilling electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument, and one electromotive force data is recorded every two degrees during the temperature change in the air scale process;
obtaining fitting polynomial coefficients by utilizing the relation between polynomial fitting temperature and air scale electromotive force, storing the fitting polynomial coefficients in a scale file of the electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument while drilling, and obtaining the space carving electromotive force under any temperature condition in the whole temperature range by the fitting polynomial;
step three, simulating the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the condition that the resistivity of different media is 0.1-1000 omega-m, comparing with the electromotive force under the condition of infinite resistivity, obtaining a conversion relation curve of the resistivity and the amplitude ratio,
the theoretical value of electromotive force under the infinite resistivity condition is as follows:
wherein: i is complex unit, omega =2 pi f, f is working frequency of the instrument, mu is air medium magnetic permeability, s R For receiving the flux area of the antenna, N R M is the magnetic moment of the receiving antenna, L is the antenna distance,
wherein:
σ is the formation conductivity, e is a natural constant,
comparing the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the condition of different resistivities obtained by the calculation of the formula (6) with the electromotive force value of infinite resistivity obtained by the calculation of the formula (5) to obtain a resistivity conversion curve when one receiving antenna is adopted;
selecting the transmitting frequency of the electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument while drilling to be 100 kHz-4 MHz, and transmitting electromagnetic waves;
measuring and recording the amplitude and the temperature of the electromotive force signal of the receiving antenna;
step six, comparing the receiving antenna electromotive force signal with the air scale electromotive force under the temperature condition to obtain an amplitude ratio;
and seventhly, interpolating the obtained amplitude ratio and the resistivity conversion curve obtained in the third step to obtain the formation resistivity.
Further, the specific conversion formula in the second step is as follows:
wherein: a. The amp The calculated amplitude ratio; abs is the absolute value, which represents the magnitude of the electromotive force, V R1 、V R1air Respectively the measured electromotive force of the receiving antenna and the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the air scale condition of the temperature of 20-150 DEG CNamely measuring the electromotive force of the receiving antenna in the air environment in the full temperature range, fitting the relationship between the temperature and the space carving electromotive force, and fitting by adopting a polynomial, wherein the fitting formula is shown as the formula (4):
V(T)＝a 4 T (-2) +a 3 T (-1) +a 2 T (1) +a 1 T (2) +a 0 T (0) (4)
wherein: t is the temperature of the measuring point, V is the calculated electromotive force of the space carving receiving antenna at the temperature of the measuring point, a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 Is a polynomial coefficient obtained by least squares fitting.
Furthermore, the coil distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna ranges from 8in to 40in.
Further, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are approximated to a magnetic dipole in the simulation calculation process, and the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the condition of an infinite uniform stratum is calculated.
Furthermore, the stratum resistivity is considered as infinite stratum resistivity when the stratum resistivity is larger than 1000 ohm · m, and the electromotive force simulation values under the conditions of different resistivities are compared with the response value of the infinite stratum resistivity, so that the corresponding relation between the stratum resistivity and the amplitude ratio response is formed.
The invention relates to an electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method for stratum resistivity evaluation, which is different from a conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity processing method which adopts two receiving antennas, wherein in the electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method under the condition that only one antenna is used as the receiving antenna, receiving antenna electromotive forces under different stratum resistivity (conductivity) environments at certain antenna distance and working frequency are calculated through numerical simulation, the conversion relation between the amplitude ratio and the resistivity is obtained by comparing with the receiving antenna electromotive force value under the condition of infinite resistivity, and the conversion relation is corrected by utilizing at least one amplitude ratio under the resistivity environment. Before the instrument works, air calibration is firstly carried out on the receiving antenna under the full-temperature condition, and the relation between the temperature and the idle calibration electromotive force is obtained through fitting. In the actual measurement process, the value of the electromotive force measured by the receiving antenna of the instrument is compared with the value of the electromotive force in the air at the corresponding measurement temperature to obtain the formation resistivity value through interpolation of the conversion relation between the amplitude ratio and the resistivity, the problem that the size of the instrument is limited by two receiving antennas in the conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity is solved, the space requirement of the design of a near-bit instrument can be met, the measurement redundancy of the conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument while drilling can be improved, and the measurement reliability is improved.
Description of the drawings:
the invention is further described in the following with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional electromagnetic resistivity single-shot dual-reception measurement principle;
FIG. 2 is a conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity amplitude resistivity and phase resistivity conversion curve;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single-transmission and single-reception measurement principle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plot of formation resistivity versus amplitude ratio for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a process flow of formation resistivity measurement data processing in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a simulation of formation model response in an embodiment of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The most basic instrument measuring units in the logging-while-drilling electromagnetic wave propagation resistivity logging instrument adopted in the method are a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, and the logging-while-drilling electromagnetic wave propagation resistivity logging instrument measures the phase change and amplitude attenuation of the electromagnetic wave propagated in the stratum. Electromagnetic waves propagate in homogeneous medium, amplitude attenuation and phase shift occur, and formations with different resistivity have different electromagnetic wave amplitude attenuation and phase change conditions. Therefore, the resistivity measurement of the electromagnetic wave while drilling is carried out according to the inversion of the variation of the amplitude and the phase of the induced electromotive force of the receiving antenna when the electromagnetic wave penetrates through different physical strata (the conductivity, the permeability and the dielectric constant), so as to obtain the physical parameters of the strata, and a conversion model adopted by the existing instrument is an infinite uniform stratum model.
The conventional measurement unit for the resistivity of the electromagnetic wave while drilling is single-transmitting and double-receiving, and a measurement schematic diagram of the conventional measurement unit is shown in fig. 1, wherein 101 is a transmitting antenna, and 102 and 103 are receiving antennas respectively. 104. 105 are electromagnetic waves measured by the receiving antennas 102 and 103, respectively. The amplitude ratio and the phase difference measured by the two receiving antennas are calculated by the following formula:
P pha ＝arg(V R1 )-arg(V R2 ) (2)
wherein: a. The amp 、P pha For the calculated amplitude ratio and phase difference, arg denotes the phase angle, V R1 、V R2 The induced electromotive forces of the two receiving antennas are respectively, abs represents the conversion relation between the amplitude, phase difference and resistivity of the amplitude obtained from the induced electromotive forces.
As shown in fig. 2, the amplitude resistivity and the phase resistivity can be obtained by using the amplitude ratio and phase difference conversion relationship. Wherein 201 is an amplitude resistivity conversion curve under the working frequency of 2 MHz; 202 is an amplitude resistivity conversion curve under the working frequency of 400 kHz; 203 is a phase resistivity conversion curve under the working frequency of 2 MHz; 204 is the phase resistivity transition curve at an operating frequency of 400 kHz. The resistivity conversion method has at least two receiving antennas or adopts an antenna multiplexing technology, namely, coupling is carried out on the transmitting antennas, and the amplitude ratio and the phase difference between the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas are calculated.
The data processing method provided by the invention can obtain the amplitude resistivity of the stratum by using one receiving antenna under the condition of not performing coupling measurement on the transmitting antenna. The schematic diagram of the measurement principle is shown in fig. 3, where 301 is a transmitting antenna, 302 is a receiving antenna, 303 is an electromagnetic wave measured by the receiving antenna in an air environment, and 304 is an electromagnetic wave measured in a formation environment.
The concrete conversion formula is as follows:
wherein: a. The amp For the calculated amplitude ratio, V R1 、V R1air The measured electromotive force of the receiving antenna 302 (R1) and the electromotive force of the receiving antenna 302 (R1) under the air scale (abbreviated as blank space) at the full temperature (20 ℃ to 150 ℃) (the blank space electromotive force is the blank space value at the measured temperature), respectively. Because the receiving antenna adopts the RMS circuit to measure the electromotive force amplitude, the electromotive force amplitude of the receiving antenna is greatly influenced by temperature, and temperature calibration is required when the method is adopted. Measuring the electromotive force of the receiving antenna in the air environment in the full temperature range, fitting the relationship between the temperature and the idle etching electromotive force, and fitting by adopting a polynomial, wherein the fitting formula is shown as formula (4):
V(T)＝a 4 T (-2) +a 3 T (-1) +a 2 T (1) +a 1 T (2) +a 0 T (0) (4)
wherein: t is the temperature of the measuring point, V is the calculated electromotive force of the space carving receiving antenna at the temperature of the measuring point, a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 Is a polynomial coefficient obtained by least squares fitting. The order of the polynomial can be adjusted according to temperature tests and fitting error conditions. The blank etching electromotive force under any working temperature condition can be calculated through the formula (4), the blank etching electromotive force value with the same temperature as the measuring point is adopted when the amplitude ratio is calculated, the electromotive force measured value and the true value of the RMS circuit are approximately in a linear relation under the same temperature, and the temperature influence can be eliminated to a great extent through the temperature scale.
FIG. 4 is an amplitude resistivity transition curve of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 401 is the amplitude resistivity transition curve when the antenna spacing is 24in at the operating frequency of 2 MHz; 402 is an amplitude resistivity conversion curve when the antenna distance is 12in under the working frequency of 2 MHz; 403 is an amplitude resistivity conversion curve when the antenna distance is 24in under the working frequency of 400 kHz; 404 is the amplitude resistivity transition curve at an operating frequency of 400kHz and an antenna spacing of 24 in. The resistivity conversion method is similar to the resistivity conversion curve of the conventional double receiving antenna according to the conversion curve, the conversion curve can be changed into a two-dimensional table in the actual resistivity conversion process, and the formation resistivity (conductivity) is obtained through real-time interpolation query. As can be seen from the conversion curves of FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the conversion results of the two methods are very good in comparison.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the process of measuring formation resistivity data according to the method of processing electromagnetic wave resistivity data of the present invention. The data processing flow comprises the conversion of full-temperature air scales and measured data and the like. Wherein:
step 501 is air calibration at full temperature (20-150 ℃), measuring the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the air condition, and recording electromotive force data every two degrees in the air calibration process.
Step 502 is to obtain a fitting polynomial coefficient by using the relation between the polynomial fitting temperature and the air scale electromotive force, and the polynomial coefficient obtained by fitting is stored in an instrument scale file. The space carving electromotive force under any temperature condition in the whole temperature range can be obtained through the fitted polynomial.
Step 503 is to simulate the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the condition of different resistivities, and obtain the conversion relation curve of the resistivity and the amplitude ratio compared with the electromotive force under the condition of infinite resistivity.
The theoretical value of electromotive force under the infinite resistivity condition is as follows:
wherein: i is complex unit, ω =2 π f, f is the instrument operating frequency, μ is the air medium permeability, s R For receiving the flux area of the antenna, N R M is the magnetic moment of the receiving antenna, and L is the antenna distance.
Wherein:
σ is the formation conductivity and e is a natural constant.
Comparing the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the condition of different resistivity calculated by the formula (6) with the electromotive force value at the infinite resistivity calculated by the formula (5), a resistivity conversion curve can be obtained when one receiving antenna is adopted.
Step 504 selects the emission frequency (100 kHz-4 MHz) of the instrument and emits electromagnetic waves.
Step 505 is to measure and record the amplitude of the receiving antenna emf signal and the temperature.
Step 506 is comparing the received antenna emf signal with the air scale emf signal at the temperature condition to obtain an amplitude ratio.
Step 507 is to interpolate the obtained amplitude ratio and the conversion curve obtained in step 503 to obtain the formation resistivity.
Fig. 6 is a simulation result of the same formation response using the single-transmission and double-reception measuring mode and the data processing method, and using the single-transmission and single-reception measuring mode and the data processing method in the embodiment of the present invention. The simulated formation model is a three-layer formation, and the formation resistivity is 1 omega m, 20 omega m and 1 omega m respectively. 601 is an amplitude resistivity response curve under the condition of a single-transmission double-receiving measurement mode when the working frequency is 2 MHz; 602 is an amplitude resistivity response curve under the condition of a single-transmitting single-receiving measurement mode when the working frequency is 2 MHz; 603 is an amplitude resistivity response curve under the condition of single-transmission and double-reception measurement mode when the working frequency is 400 kHz; 604 is the amplitude resistivity response curve under the single-shot single-receive measurement mode condition when the operating frequency is 400 kHz. The response simulation curve shows that the resistivity curve obtained by the method has good similarity with the resistivity curve obtained by the single-transmitting and double-receiving measurement mode and the data processing method under different working frequencies, and the feasibility and the accuracy of the method are also verified.
Claims (5)
1. An electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method is based on an electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument while drilling, and a measuring unit of the electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument while drilling only consists of a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna and is not coupled with the transmitting antenna, and is characterized in that:
simulating and calculating the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under different stratum conductivity environments at a certain antenna distance and working frequency, and comparing the electromotive force with the electromotive force value of the receiving antenna under the condition of infinite resistivity to obtain the conversion relation between the amplitude ratio and the resistivity;
correcting the conversion relation by using at least one amplitude ratio under the determined resistivity environment;
scaling the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the condition of full temperature, making an amplitude ratio of the value of the electromotive force measured by the receiving antenna of the instrument to the value of the electromotive force in the air under the full temperature, and then obtaining a formation resistivity value through conversion;
still include the conversion of full temperature air scale and measured data:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, the full-temperature air scale is calculated in a simulation mode when a certain coil distance and working frequency exist, namely the temperature is in the range of 20-150 ℃, the electromotive force of a receiving antenna under the condition of measuring the air by using a while-drilling electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument, and one electromotive force data is recorded every two degrees during the temperature change in the air scale process;
obtaining fitting polynomial coefficients by utilizing the relation between polynomial fitting temperature and air scale electromotive force, storing the fitting polynomial coefficients in a scale file of the electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument while drilling, and obtaining the air scale electromotive force under any temperature condition in the full temperature range by the fitting polynomial;
step three, simulating the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the condition of different resistivities, comparing the electromotive force with the electromotive force under the condition of infinite resistivity, obtaining a conversion relation curve of the resistivity and the amplitude ratio, wherein the resistivity is 0.1-1000 omega-m,
the theoretical value of electromotive force under the infinite resistivity condition is as follows:
wherein: i is complex unit, ω =2 π f, f is the instrument operating frequency, μ is the air mediumMagnetic permeability, s R For receiving the flux area of the antenna, N R M is the magnetic moment of the receiving antenna, L is the antenna distance,
wherein:
σ is the formation conductivity, e is a natural constant,
comparing the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the condition of different resistivities obtained by the calculation of the formula (6) with the electromotive force value of infinite resistivity obtained by the calculation of the formula (5) to obtain a conversion relation curve of the resistivity and the amplitude ratio when one receiving antenna is adopted;
selecting the transmitting frequency of the electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring instrument while drilling to be 100 kHz-4 MHz, and transmitting electromagnetic waves;
measuring and recording the amplitude and the temperature of the electromotive force signal of the receiving antenna;
step six, comparing the receiving antenna electromotive force signal with the air scale electromotive force under the temperature condition to obtain an amplitude ratio;
and seventhly, interpolating the obtained amplitude ratio and the conversion relation curve of the resistivity and the amplitude ratio obtained in the third step to obtain the formation resistivity.
2. The electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conversion formula of the resistivity and amplitude ratio conversion relation curve in the third step is as follows:
wherein: a. The amp The calculated amplitude ratio; abs is the absolute value of the electromotive force, V R1 、V R1air Measuring motors, each being a receiving antennaPotential and electromotive force of a receiving antenna under the condition of air scale at the temperature of 20-150 ℃, namely measuring the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the air environment in the whole temperature range and fitting the relationship between the temperature and the electromotive force of the air scale, and fitting by adopting a polynomial, wherein the fitting formula is shown as a formula (4):
V(T)＝a 4 T (-2) +a 3 T (-1) +a 2 T (1) +a 1 T (2) +a 0 T (0) (4)
wherein: t is the temperature of the measuring point, V is the calculated air scale electromotive force of the receiving antenna at the temperature of the measuring point, a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 Is a polynomial coefficient obtained by least squares fitting.
3. The electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by: the coil distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna ranges from 8in to 40in.
4. The electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by: in the simulation calculation process, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are approximated to magnetic dipoles, and the electromotive force of the receiving antenna under the condition of infinite uniform stratum is calculated.
5. The electromagnetic wave resistivity data processing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: and (3) considering the formation resistivity greater than 1000 omega m as the infinite formation resistivity, and comparing the electromotive force simulation values under different resistivity conditions with the infinite layer resistivity response value to form a corresponding relation between the formation resistivity and the amplitude ratio response.
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| CN114016911B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-08-16 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for while-drilling ahead-sounding based on push-back type rotary guiding system |
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| CN101609169B (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2011-08-31 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | Method for improving electromagnetic wave resistivity measurement precision and expanding measurement range thereof |
| US20140253131A1 (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-11 | Ce Liu | Apparatus and Method for Directional Resistivity Measurement While Drilling Using Slot Antenna |
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