CN109838229A - A kind of electromagnetic resistivity data processing method - Google Patents
A kind of electromagnetic resistivity data processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109838229A CN109838229A CN201711208337.1A CN201711208337A CN109838229A CN 109838229 A CN109838229 A CN 109838229A CN 201711208337 A CN201711208337 A CN 201711208337A CN 109838229 A CN109838229 A CN 109838229A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electromagnetic resistivity data processing methods for formation resistivity evaluation, conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity is different from using two receiving antennas, method proposes a kind of resistivity measurement data processing methods using an antenna as receiving antenna.By the receiving antenna electromotive force of the certain coil spacing of numerical simulation calculation and working frequency under Different Strata resistivity (conductivity) environment in this method, and Amplitude Ratio and resistivity transformational relation are obtained compared with the receiving antenna electromotive force value under the conditions of resistivity is infinitely great.Before instrument work, first in total temperature (20oC~150oC air scale is carried out to receiving antenna under the conditions of), during actual measurement, the value for the electromotive force that instrument receiving antenna measurement obtains is made into Amplitude Ratio with the electromotive force value in air at a temperature of corresponding measurement, then formation resistivity (conductivity) value, present invention well logging field suitable for oil-gas exploration are obtained by Amplitude Ratio and resistivity transformational relation interpolation.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to petroleum, Natural Gas Drilling Operation measurement while drilling or well logging data processing method fields, especially
A kind of data processing method of stratum electromagnetic resistivity is provided suitable for for geosteering measurement-while-drilling system.
Background technique:
In oil field prospecting and development process, need to measure stratum geological information and engineering parameter.Required parameter is past
It is past to include ground environment parameter, down-hole equipment position, orientation and drilling environment parameter etc..There are many conventional with brill at present
Logger can provide the above parameter.Electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument can provide ground as the important instrument of evaluation formation properties
Layer resistivity information, to evaluate stratum oiliness.Electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument commercial at present usually contain two or
The multiple receiving antennas of person, formation resistivity information is converted to using the Amplitude Ratio or phase difference of receiving antenna.The quasi-instrument
Processing method determine that these conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity instruments often have the measurement distance of zero mark of 10~15m, cannot reflect in time
Formation resistivity at drill bit, particularly with oil sheet situation, therefore resistivity test device is better closer to drill bit, but close
Drill bit has certain limitation to instrument size, requires antenna number more fewer better, in some cases to meet space requirement.
At present the International Petroleum Engineering Projects service company such as Schlumberger, Haliburton, Bake Hughes disclose in succession oneself
Multi -components, multiple antennas away from terms of, multi-frequency instrument patented technology (such as U.S. Patent Publication No. No.6777940,
No.7038455, No.7557580, No.6181138, No.20050140373, No.7375530, No.7483793 etc.) on ground
It has been widely used in terms of layer evaluation and geosteering and achieves good effect.
The development in terms of with the design and manufacture for boring orientation electromagnetic wave instrument domestic in recent years needs rapid, it was also proposed that a series of
With boring electromagnetic resistivity measurement method and device, such as a kind of electromagnetic resistivity logging while drilling apparatus
(201410773943.8), it is substantially former for the measuring device and its measurement method (201310698427.9) of a kind of resistivity logging while drilling
Reason is all based on double reception antenna, measures the Amplitude Ratio and phase difference of two receiving antennas to be converted to formation resistivity.
Summary of the invention:
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to propose that one kind had both been able to satisfy nearly drill bit Instrument Design
Space requirement, and the conventional Measurement redundancy degree with brill electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument can be improved, improve the electromagnetism of Measurement reliability
Wave resistivity data processing method.
A kind of electromagnetic resistivity data processing method, this method are based on brill electromagnetic resistivity measuring instrument, and should
It is only a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna composition with the measuring unit for boring electromagnetic resistivity measuring instrument, is not also sending out
It penetrates on antenna and is coupled；Wherein:
Receiving antenna electromotive force when simulation calculates certain day line-spacing and working frequency under Different Strata conductivity environments, and
Amplitude Ratio and resistivity transformational relation are obtained compared with the receiving antenna electromotive force value under the conditions of resistivity is infinitely great；
Determine that the Amplitude Ratio under resistivity environment carries out transformational relation correction using at least one；
Receiving antenna electromotive force scale, the value for the electromotive force that instrument receiving antenna measurement is obtained are carried out under the conditions of total temperature
Make Amplitude Ratio with the electromotive force value in the air under corresponding temperature, then by being converted to formation resistivity values.
Processing method includes the conversion of total temperature air scale and measured data in above scheme:
Step 1, total temperature air scale when simulation calculates certain coil spacing and working frequency, i.e., temperature is 20 DEG C~150
DEG C range, using with the electromotive force for boring receiving antenna under electromagnetic resistivity measuring instrument measurement air conditions, in air scale
The every two degrees of temperature change record an electromotive force data in the process；
Step 2 obtains fitted polynomial coefficients using the relationship of fitting of a polynomial temperature and air scale electromotive force, intends
It closes obtained multinomial coefficient to be stored in based on boring in electromagnetic resistivity measuring instrument calibration file, passes through the more of the fitting
Item formula obtains the empty quarter electromotive force within the scope of total temperature under the conditions of arbitrary temp；
Step 3 simulates receiving antenna electromotive force under the conditions of 0.1 Ω of Ω m~1000 m of different medium resistivity, with nothing
Electromotive force is compared under poor big resistivity conditions, obtains resistivity and Amplitude Ratio transformational relation curve,
Electromotive force theoretical value under the conditions of resistivity is infinitely great are as follows:
Wherein: i is complex unit, and the π of ω=2 f, f are instrument working frequency, and μ is air dielectric magnetic conductivity, sRTo receive day
Line magnetic flux area, NRFor receiving antenna the number of turns, M is receiving antenna magnetic moment, and L is day line-spacing,
Wherein:σ is formation conductivity, and e is natural constant,
By the receiving antenna electromotive force and formula (5) electricity for being calculated in the case of different resistivity that formula (6) is calculated
Electromotive force value when resistance rate infinity compares resistivity transformation curve when obtaining using a receiving antenna；
Step 4: selection emits electromagnetic wave with electromagnetic resistivity measuring instrument tranmitting frequency 100kHz~4MHz is bored；
Step 5, measurement and record receiving antenna electromotive force signal amplitude and temperature；
Step 6, receiving antenna electromotive force signal obtain Amplitude Ratio compared with air scale electromotive force under the conditions of the temperature；
Step 7 obtains formation resistivity to the resistivity transformation curve interpolation that obtained Amplitude Ratio and step 3 obtain.
Further, the specific conversion formula in step 2 are as follows:
Wherein: AampFor the Amplitude Ratio being calculated；Abs is to take absolute value, and electromotive force amplitude, V are sought in expressionR1、VR1air
Respectively electromotive force of the measurement electromotive force and receiving antenna of receiving antenna under the conditions of 20 DEG C~150 DEG C of air scales of temperature,
Temperature and the empty pass for carving electromotive force are measured and are fitted to electromotive force under receiving antenna air environment i.e. within the scope of total temperature
System, using fitting of a polynomial, shown in fitting formula such as formula (4):
V (T)=a4T(-2)+a3T(-1)+a2T(1)+a1T(2)+a0T(0) (4)
Wherein: T is measurement point temperature, and V is the empty quarter receiving antenna electromotive force being calculated at a temperature of the measurement point,
a0、a1、a2、a3、a4For the multinomial coefficient being fitted by least square method.
Further, the coil spacing range of transmitting antenna and receiving antenna is 8in~40in.
Further, it is approximately magnetic dipole by transmitting antenna and receiving antenna in simulation calculating process, and calculates it
Receiving antenna electromotive force under the conditions of infinitely great uniformly stratum.
Further, formation resistivity is greater than 1000 Ω m and thinks infinitely great formation resistivity, and by different resistance
The electromotive force analogue value under the conditions of rate forms formation resistivity and Amplitude Ratio responds compared with infinitely great formation resistivity response
Corresponding relationship.
The present invention is used for the electromagnetic resistivity data processing method of formation resistivity evaluation, is different from conventional electromagnetic wave electricity
Resistance rate uses two receiving antennas, electromagnetic resistivity data of this method when only one antenna is as receiving antenna
Processing method, by under Different Strata resistivity (conductivity) environment when the certain day line-spacing of numerical simulation calculation and working frequency
Receiving antenna electromotive force, and Amplitude Ratio and resistivity are obtained compared with the receiving antenna electromotive force value under the conditions of resistivity is infinitely great
Transformational relation determines that the Amplitude Ratio under resistivity environment carries out transformational relation correction using at least one.Before instrument work, first
Air scale is carried out to receiving antenna under the conditions of total temperature, fitting obtains temperature and the empty relationship for carving electromotive force.Actual measurement
In the process, the value for the electromotive force that instrument receiving antenna measurement obtains is made into width with the electromotive force value in air at a temperature of corresponding measurement
Ratio is spent, formation resistivity values are then obtained by Amplitude Ratio and resistivity transformational relation interpolation, have well solved existing electromagnetism
Wave resistivity uses limitation of two receiving antennas to instrument size, has not only been able to satisfy the space requirement of nearly drill bit Instrument Design, but also
It can be improved conventional with the Measurement redundancy degree for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument, raising Measurement reliability.
Detailed description of the invention:
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.
Fig. 1 is conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity single-emission and double-receiving measuring principle schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity amplitude resistivity and phase resistance rate inversion cuver；
Fig. 3 is that single-shot list receives measuring principle schematic diagram in a kind of embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the relationship of formation resistivity and Amplitude Ratio in a kind of embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is formation resistivity Measurement and Data Processing process in a kind of embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 is stratigraphic model response simulation in a kind of embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment:
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Whole description.
With apparatus measures list most basic in brill electromagnetic propagation resistivity logging instrument employed in the inventive method
Member be a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, with bore electromagnetic propagation resistivity logging apparatus measures electromagnetic wave in the earth formation
The phase change and amplitude fading of propagation.Amplitude fading and phase shift will occur for electromagnetic wave in uniform same sex Propagation,
The different stratum of resistivity, electromagnetic wave amplitude fading are different with phase change situation.Therefore root is measured with brill electromagnetic resistivity
Receiving antenna induced electromotive force amplitude and phase when passing through different physical property stratum (conductivity, magnetic conductivity, dielectric constant) according to electromagnetic wave
The variation inverting of position obtains the physical parameter on stratum, and transformation model used by instrument is infinitely great uniform stratigraphic model at present.
Conventional with electromagnetic resistivity measuring unit is bored is single-emission and double-receiving, and measuring principle figure is as shown in Figure 1, wherein 101
It is respectively receiving antenna for transmitting antenna, 102,103.104,105 be respectively the electromagnetic wave measured in receiving antenna 102,103.
The Amplitude Ratio and phase difference calculating formula that two receiving antennas measure are as follows:
Ppha=arg (VR1)-arg(VR2) (2)
Wherein: Aamp、PphaFor the Amplitude Ratio and phase difference being calculated, arg expression takes phase angle, VR1、VR2Respectively two
The induced electromotive force of a receiving antenna, abs expression ask amplitude, turn of Amplitude Ratio, phase difference and resistivity to induced electromotive force
Change relationship.
As shown in Fig. 2, utilizing Amplitude Ratio and the available amplitude resistivity of phase difference transforming relationship and phase resistance rate.Its
In 201 under 2MHz working frequency, amplitude resistivity transformation curve；202 is under 400kHz working frequency, amplitude resistivity are converted
Curve；203 be phase resistance rate transformation curve under 2MHz working frequency；204 be phase resistance rate under 400kHz working frequency
Transformation curve.This kind of resistivity conversion method at least there are two receiving antenna or must use antenna multiplexed technology, that is, send out
It penetrates on antenna and is coupled, calculate the Amplitude Ratio and phase difference between transmitting and receiving antenna.
Data processing method proposed by the present invention can not utilize one in the case where carrying out coupling measurement on transmitting antenna
A receiving antenna obtains the amplitude resistivity on stratum.Its measuring principle schematic diagram as shown in figure 3, wherein 301 for transmitting antenna,
302 be receiving antenna, and 303 obtain electromagnetic wave for receiving antenna measurement under air environment, and 304 obtain electricity for measurement under ground environment
Magnetic wave.
Its specific conversion formula are as follows:
Wherein: AampFor the Amplitude Ratio being calculated, VR1、VR1airThe respectively measurement electromotive force of receiving antenna 302 (R1)
(sky carves electricity with electromotive force of the receiving antenna 302 (R1) under the conditions of total temperature (20 DEG C~150 DEG C) air scale (referred to as empty to carve)
Kinetic potential is the empty quarter value at a temperature of the measurement).Since receiving antenna measurement electromotive force amplitude uses RMS circuit, day is received
Line electromotive force amplitude is affected by temperature larger, must carry out temperature scale when using this method.It is right i.e. within the scope of total temperature
Electromotive force measures and is fitted temperature and the empty relationship for carving electromotive force under receiving antenna air environment, using fitting of a polynomial,
Shown in fitting formula such as formula (4):
V (T)=a4T(-2)+a3T(-1)+a2T(1)+a1T(2)+a0T(0) (4)
Wherein: T is measurement point temperature, and V is the empty quarter receiving antenna electromotive force being calculated at a temperature of the measurement point,
a0、a1、a2、a3、a4For the multinomial coefficient being fitted by least square method.According to humid test and error of fitting situation,
Adjustable polynomial order.The empty quarter electromotive force in the case of any operating temperature can be calculated by formula (4), guarantee to calculate
Carve electromotive force value using with mutually synthermal empty of measurement point when Amplitude Ratio, RMS circuit at the same temperature electro-motive force measurement value with
True value approximation is in a linear relationship, and can largely eliminate temperature by the temperature scale influences.
Fig. 4 is amplitude of embodiment of the present invention resistivity transformation curve, wherein 401 be under 2MHz working frequency, day line-spacing is
Amplitude resistivity transformation curve when 24in；402 is under 2MHz working frequency, the conversion of amplitude resistivity are bent when day line-spacing is 12in
Line；403 be amplitude resistivity transformation curve when day line-spacing is 24in under 400kHz working frequency；404 be 400kHz working frequency
Under, amplitude resistivity transformation curve when day line-spacing is 24in.The resistivity conversion method and conventional pair known to transformation curve
The resistivity transformation curve of receiving antenna is similar, transformation curve can be become bivariate table in actual resistivity conversion process
Lattice are inquired to obtain formation resistivity (conductivity) by real-time interpolation.Find out from Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 transformation curve, two methods conversion
As a result have comparative well.
Fig. 5 is one of formation resistivity Measurement and Data Processing process in electromagnetic resistivity data processing method of the present invention
Specific embodiment.Flow chart of data processing includes total temperature air scale and the conversion of measured data etc..Wherein:
Step 501 is total temperature (20 DEG C~150 DEG C) air scale, measures the electromotive force of receiving antenna under air conditions,
Every two degrees record an electromotive force data during air scale.
Step 502 is the relationship using fitting of a polynomial temperature and air scale electromotive force, obtains fitted polynomial coefficients,
Obtained multinomial coefficient is fitted to be stored in instrument calibration file.Pass through the available total temperature range of the multinomial of the fitting
Empty quarter electromotive force under the conditions of interior arbitrary temp.
Step 503 is electronic under the conditions of receiving antenna electromotive force, with infinite resistance rate under the conditions of simulating different resistivity
Gesture is compared, and resistivity and Amplitude Ratio transformational relation curve are obtained.
Electromotive force theoretical value under the conditions of resistivity is infinitely great are as follows:
Wherein: i is complex unit, and the π of ω=2 f, f are instrument working frequency, and μ is air dielectric magnetic conductivity, sRTo receive day
Line magnetic flux area, NRFor receiving antenna the number of turns, M is receiving antenna magnetic moment, and L is day line-spacing.
Wherein:σ is formation conductivity, and e is natural constant.
By the receiving antenna electromotive force and formula (5) electricity for being calculated in the case of different resistivity that formula (6) is calculated
Electromotive force value when resistance rate infinity compares resistivity transformation curve when can be utilized a receiving antenna.
Step 504 selects instrument tranmitting frequency (100kHz~4MHz), emits electromagnetic wave.
Step 505 is to measure and record receiving antenna electromotive force signal amplitude and temperature.
Step 506 is receiving antenna electromotive force signal compared with air scale electromotive force under the conditions of the temperature, obtains amplitude
Than.
Step 507 is the transformation curve interpolation obtained to obtained Amplitude Ratio and step 503, obtains formation resistivity.
Fig. 6 is to receive using single-emission and double-receiving measurement pattern and data processing method in the embodiment of the present invention and using single-shot list
Measurement pattern and data processing method are to same bed response analog result.Wherein simulated formation model is three layers of stratum, stratum
Resistivity is respectively 1 Ω m, 20 Ω m and 1 Ω m.601 when to be working frequency be 2MHz, single-emission and double-receiving measurement pattern condition
Under amplitude resistivity response curve；602 when to be working frequency be 2MHz, and single-shot list receives the amplitude resistance under the conditions of measurement pattern
Rate response curve；603 when to be working frequency be 400kHz, and the amplitude resistivity response under the conditions of single-emission and double-receiving measurement pattern is bent
Line；604 when to be working frequency be 400kHz, and single-shot list receives the amplitude resistivity response curve under the conditions of measurement pattern.By responding
Simulation curve can be seen that the resistivity curve handled using the patented method under different operating frequency condition with single-shot
Double to receive the resistivity curve that measurement patterns and data processing method obtain and have good similitude, also demonstrate this method can
Row and accuracy.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of electromagnetic resistivity data processing method, this method is based on boring electromagnetic resistivity measuring instrument, and should be with
The measuring unit for boring electromagnetic resistivity measuring instrument is only a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna composition, is not also being emitted
It is coupled on antenna；It is characterized by:
Receiving antenna electromotive force when simulation calculates certain day line-spacing and working frequency under Different Strata conductivity environments, and with electricity
Receiving antenna electromotive force value under the conditions of resistance rate is infinitely great, which is compared, obtains Amplitude Ratio and resistivity transformational relation；
Determine that the Amplitude Ratio under resistivity environment carries out transformational relation correction using at least one；
Under the conditions of total temperature carry out receiving antenna electromotive force scale, the value for the electromotive force that instrument receiving antenna measurement is obtained with it is right
Electromotive force value in air at a temperature of answering makees Amplitude Ratio, then by being converted to formation resistivity values.
2. requiring the electromagnetic resistivity data processing method according to right 1, it is characterised in that processing method includes full temperature
Spend the conversion of air scale and measured data:
Step 1, total temperature air scale when simulation calculates certain coil spacing and working frequency, i.e., temperature is in 20 DEG C~150 DEG C models
It encloses, using the electromotive force with receiving antenna under brill electromagnetic resistivity measuring instrument measurement air conditions, in air scale process
The middle every two degrees of temperature change record an electromotive force data；
Step 2 obtains fitted polynomial coefficients, is fitted using the relationship of fitting of a polynomial temperature and air scale electromotive force
To multinomial coefficient be stored in based on bore electromagnetic resistivity measuring instrument calibration file in, pass through the multinomial of the fitting
Obtain the empty quarter electromotive force within the scope of total temperature under the conditions of arbitrary temp；
Step 3 simulates receiving antenna electromotive force under the conditions of 0.1 Ω of Ω m~1000 m of different medium resistivity, with infinity
Electromotive force is compared under resistivity conditions, obtains resistivity and Amplitude Ratio transformational relation curve,
Electromotive force theoretical value under the conditions of resistivity is infinitely great are as follows:
Wherein: i is complex unit, and the π of ω=2 f, f are instrument working frequency, and μ is air dielectric magnetic conductivity, sRFor receiving antenna magnetic
Logical area, NRFor receiving antenna the number of turns, M is receiving antenna magnetic moment, and L is day line-spacing,
Wherein:σ is formation conductivity, and e is natural constant,
By the receiving antenna electromotive force and formula (5) resistivity for being calculated in the case of different resistivity that formula (6) is calculated
Electromotive force value when infinitely great compares resistivity transformation curve when obtaining using a receiving antenna；
Step 4: selection emits electromagnetic wave with electromagnetic resistivity measuring instrument tranmitting frequency 100kHz~4MHz is bored；
Step 5, measurement and record receiving antenna electromotive force signal amplitude and temperature；
Step 6, receiving antenna electromotive force signal obtain Amplitude Ratio compared with air scale electromotive force under the conditions of the temperature；
Step 7 obtains formation resistivity to the resistivity transformation curve interpolation that obtained Amplitude Ratio and step 3 obtain.
3. requiring the electromagnetic resistivity data processing method according to right 2, it is characterised in that specific turn in step 2
Change formula are as follows:
Wherein: AampFor the Amplitude Ratio being calculated；Abs is to take absolute value, and electromotive force amplitude, V are sought in expressionR1、VR1airRespectively
Electromotive force of the measurement electromotive force and receiving antenna of receiving antenna under the conditions of 20 DEG C~150 DEG C of air scales of temperature, i.e., complete
Temperature and the empty relationship for carving electromotive force are measured and be fitted in temperature range to electromotive force under receiving antenna air environment, is used
Fitting of a polynomial, shown in fitting formula such as formula (4):
V (T)=a4T(-2)+a3T(-1)+a2T(1)+a1T(2)+a0T(0) (4)
Wherein: T is measurement point temperature, and V is the empty quarter receiving antenna electromotive force being calculated at a temperature of the measurement point, a0、a1、
a2、a3、a4For the multinomial coefficient being fitted by least square method.
4. requiring the electromagnetic resistivity data processing method according to right 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: transmitting antenna with connect
The coil spacing range for receiving antenna is 8in~40in.
5. requiring the electromagnetic resistivity data processing method according to right 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: calculated in simulation
By transmitting antenna and receiving antenna it is approximately magnetic dipole in journey, and calculates its receiving antenna under the conditions of infinitely great uniformly stratum
Electromotive force.
6. requiring the electromagnetic resistivity data processing method according to right 5, it is characterised in that: formation resistivity to be greater than
1000 Ω m think infinitely great formation resistivity, and by under the conditions of different resistivity the electromotive force analogue value and infinitely great stratum
Resistivity response value is compared, and the corresponding relationship of formation resistivity and Amplitude Ratio response is formed.
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| CN113803060A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2021-12-17 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Correction method and device for electromagnetic wave resistivity conversion curve scale while drilling |
| CN114016911A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Push-type rotary steering system-based while-drilling forward probing method and device |
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| CN109838229B (en) | 2022-10-28 |
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