CN109826301A - A kind of prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure - Google Patents
A kind of prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109826301A CN109826301A CN201910193385.0A CN201910193385A CN109826301A CN 109826301 A CN109826301 A CN 109826301A CN 201910193385 A CN201910193385 A CN 201910193385A CN 109826301 A CN109826301 A CN 109826301A
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structures, including water inlet pipe walling crib, several prefabricated vertical shaft standard segments, outlet pipe walling crib；The prefabricated vertical shaft standard segment includes vertical shaft walling crib, middle partition and flap member；Middle partition is set in vertical shaft walling crib along the vertical shaft walling crib longitudinal axis, by vertical shaft walling crib inner cavity it is longitudinally split be two individual cavities；Flap member is disposed therein in an individual cavities；Y direction is provided with middle partition in the water inlet pipe walling crib；Several prefabricated vertical shaft standard segments are sequentially connected composition shaft main body, and middle partition is correspondingly connected in the shaft main body constituted；Water inlet pipe walling crib, shaft main body, outlet pipe walling crib are sequentially connected with, and middle partition is correspondingly connected in water inlet pipe walling crib and shaft main body.The present invention had not only been able to satisfy maximum vent flow but also can reach best effect of energy dissipation, and all components of vertical shaft are all made of prefabrication completion, has the characteristics that optimal structure, reliable in quality, invests minimum, environmental impact minimization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to deep layer tunnel drainage engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining is perpendicular
Well construction.
Background technique
With the continuous expansion of China's urban construction scale, " tropical island effect " highlights, causes the extreme weathers such as heavy rain frequent
Occur, secondly, a large amount of soils are gradually covered by the waterproof region such as building, road surface, watershed system condition changes,
Rainwater infiltration amount, interception is caused to reduce, contributing time shortens, and conflux networks are accelerated, and crest discharge increases, and then increases city
The effectiveness factors risk in city, moreover it is possible to cause the secondary disasters such as traffic paralysis, water body pollution load of overflow.
Currently, deep tunnel drainage system is being built or planned in more ground such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Wuhan, Hong Kong, Chengdu, lead to
The deep tunnel drainage system with sponge urban construction theory is crossed to solve the problems, such as urban waterlogging, eliminate pollution load of overflow, basic improvement
Water quality has become the important directions of modern city sustainable development.
Important component of the vertical shaft as deep tunnel drainage system, for rainwater or sewage to be transported to lower from eminence,
It is usually made of water inlet pipe, shaft main body and outlet pipe, usual shaft main body depth may be up to more than ten meters even tens meters, so
Under high drop, to prevent too fast flow rate of water flow from generating erosion damage to shaft structure, different energy dissipation measures is often taken,
Different Energy Dissipation Modes will affect the discharge capacity of vertical shaft again.Therefore, optimal for the shaft structure of deep tunnel drainage system
Scheme should exactly meet maximum vent flow and meet optimal drop energy dissipation rate again.
Vertical shaft generallys use the construction of support cast-in-place method at present, but this method construction period is long, construction quality is difficult to ensure,
And work progress the problems such as there are the wastings of resources, environmental pollution, the fabricated construction that country greatly develops is not met.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure, the present invention can expire
While foot maximum vent flow can reach best drop effect of energy dissipation again, also have the construction period short, and can guarantee construction quality
The advantages of.
A kind of prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure provided by the invention, comprising:
Water inlet pipe walling crib, several prefabricated vertical shaft standard segments, outlet pipe walling crib；
The prefabricated vertical shaft standard segment includes vertical shaft walling crib, middle partition and flap member；
Middle partition is set in vertical shaft walling crib along the vertical shaft walling crib longitudinal axis, by vertical shaft walling crib inner cavity it is longitudinally split be two independences
Cavity；Flap member is disposed therein in an individual cavities；
The flap member includes several crossbeams and opposite bifoldable plate up and down, bifoldable plate be set on vertical shaft walling crib inner wall and
Folded plate edge tilts down；Several crossbeams are set between middle partition and vertical shaft walling crib inner wall, for supporting bifoldable plate respectively；
When water body flow to upper folded plate, just it is flow on lower flap portion along upper folded plate edge；
Y direction is provided with middle partition in the water inlet pipe walling crib；
Several prefabricated vertical shaft standard segments are sequentially connected composition shaft main body, and middle partition is corresponding in the shaft main body constituted
Connection；Water inlet pipe walling crib, shaft main body, outlet pipe walling crib are sequentially connected with, and middle partition is corresponding in water inlet pipe walling crib and shaft main body
Connection.
Preferably, setting venthole on middle partition；The number of air hole is 2, is respectively arranged on interval board ends, and respectively
It is immediately adjacent to the high order end of the folded plate of the same end.
Further, folded plate inclination angle is 10 degree.
Preferably, folded plate is the fanning strip that central angle is 90 degree, arc side is connect with vertical shaft walling crib inner wall, one side
Partition in connection.
Preferably, there are relationships: B=2h for folded plate size, wherein B is folded plate width, i.e. folded plate side projects to level
Length on face；H is adjacent folded plate spacing, i.e., the distance of adjacent folded plate lowermost end.
Preferably, being additionally provided with cover board at the top of water inlet pipe walling crib, the gas vent that aperture is not less than 1 meter is set on cover board.
Preferably, vertical shaft walling crib, middle partition, folded plate and crossbeam edge be equipped with female hanging ring.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that and the utility model has the advantages that
(1) shaft main body is assembled by several prefabricated vertical shaft standard segments, avoids conventional construction method bring
The problems such as environmental pollution, the wasting of resources, construction period and quality are without ensureing, have structure is optimal, reliable in quality, investment are minimum,
The advantages that environmental impact minimization.
(2) folded plate at 10 ° of inclination angles is set, not only contributes to the Energy dissipation of flood discharging of shaft structure, and be conducive on folded plate
Mud can bring shaft bottom into water flow together, achieve the effect that folded plate voluntarily dredging, reduce later period operation and maintenance difficulty and at
This.
(3) relationship between maximum vent flow and folded plate size has been determined, to seek while meet maximum aerial drainage
The structure of amount and best energy dissipation rate, makes structure size optimal under conditions of meeting aerial drainage, reduces construction investment.
Generally speaking, the present invention had not only been able to satisfy maximum vent flow but also can reach best effect of energy dissipation, and all components of vertical shaft are equal
It is completed using prefabrication, effectively save resource reduces environmental pollution, accelerates construction progress, improving construction quality, has structure
The features such as optimal, reliable in quality, investment be minimum, environmental impact minimization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flap member scale diagrams in embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of shaft structure in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the top view of prefabricated vertical shaft standard segment in embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the maximum vent flow Q of vertical shaftmWith the fit correlation schematic diagram of folded plate size；
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of prefabricated vertical shaft standard segment in embodiment；
Fig. 6 is the sectional view of middle partition in embodiment；
Fig. 7 is the top view of the flap member of prefabricated vertical shaft standard segment in embodiment；
Fig. 8 is the crossbeam top view of prefabricated vertical shaft standard segment in embodiment；
Fig. 9 is the cross-section diagram of the interface of vertical shaft walling crib and vertical shaft walling crib in embodiment, i.e. III-III sectional view in Fig. 3；
Figure 10 is III-in the cross-section diagram that sleeve grouting connects between vertical shaft walling crib and vertical shaft walling crib in embodiment namely Fig. 3
III sectional view；
Figure 11 is the cross-section diagram of sleeve grouting connection between vertical shaft walling crib and middle partition in embodiment；
Figure 12 is the sectional view of embodiment mid concave type hanging ring；
Figure 13 is I-I sectional view of shaft structure；
Figure 14 is II-II sectional view of shaft structure.
In figure, 1- vertical shaft walling crib, partition in 2-, 3- folded plate, 4- crossbeam, the grouting connection of 5- sleeve, 6- is bolted, and 7- is recessed
Formula hanging ring, partition preformed groove in 8-, partition crossbeam preformed hole in 9a-, 9b- shaft wall crossbeam preformed hole, 10- venthole, 11-
Water inlet pipe access port, 12- outlet pipe access port, 13- prefabricated vertical shaft standard segment, 14- water inlet pipe walling crib, 15- outlet pipe walling crib,
16- cover board, 17- pre-embedded bolt, 18- bolt box, 19- elastic packing mat material, 20- filleting slot, 21- sleeve, 22- pre-buried steel
Muscle, 23- grout hole, 24- plasma discharge hole, 25- tongue and groove, 26- prefabricated components.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1~14, the prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure of the present embodiment mainly includes water inlet pipe well
Enclose 14, several prefabricated vertical shaft standard segments 13, outlet pipe walling crib 15；It is perpendicular that several prefabricated vertical shaft standard segments 13 are sequentially connected composition
Well main body, water inlet pipe walling crib 14, shaft main body, outlet pipe walling crib 15, which are sequentially connected with, constitutes shaft structure of the present invention, referring to Figure 13
And Figure 14.It is provided with water inlet pipe access port 11 in water inlet pipe walling crib 14, is connect likewise, being provided with outlet pipe in outlet pipe walling crib 15
Entrance 12.Water inlet pipe walling crib 14 is used to connect the main tunnel structure of deep tunnel drainage system for connecting shallow-layer pipe network, outlet pipe walling crib 15,
Shaft main body is used to the rainwater (sewage) of shallow-layer pipe network being delivered to the main tunnel structure of deep tunnel drainage system, and plays abatement water body machine
The effect of tool energy.
The prefabricated vertical shaft standard segment 13 includes vertical shaft walling crib 1, middle partition 2 and flap member；Middle partition 2 is along vertical shaft well
1 longitudinal axis is enclosed to be set in vertical shaft walling crib 1, by 1 inner cavity of vertical shaft walling crib it is longitudinally split be two individual cavities.Several prefabricated vertical shaft marks
When quasi- segment 13 is sequentially connected, therefore, to assure that middle partition 2 is correspondingly connected with.Flap member is disposed therein in an individual cavities, is used
To be buffered to the water body flowed down.The flap member includes several crossbeams 4 and opposite bifoldable plate 3 up and down, and bifoldable plate 3 is set
Between 1 inner wall of vertical shaft walling crib and middle partition 2 and edge tilts down, and the structure tilted down is conducive to the aerial drainage of shaft structure
Energy dissipating, and be conducive to bring the mud on folded plate 3 into shaft bottom together with water flow, achieve the effect that the voluntarily dredging of folded plate 3.As
It is preferred that folded plate 3 is the fanning strip that central angle is 90 degree, arc side is connect with 1 inner wall of vertical shaft walling crib.During several crossbeams 4 are set to
Between 1 inner wall of partition 2 and vertical shaft walling crib, it is used to support bifoldable plate 3 respectively.Specifically, middle partition 2 is fixed in 4 one end of crossbeam
On, the other end is fixed on 1 inner wall of vertical shaft walling crib, and folded plate 3 is fixed on crossbeam 4, to realize support of the crossbeam 4 to folded plate 3.
In the present embodiment, two groups of crossbeams are respectively provided in each vertical shaft walling crib 1, every group of crossbeam includes 2 crossbeams, one group of cross beam support one
Folded plate, 3 inclination angle of folded plate are 10 degree.
It should be noted that being provided with middle partition along y direction in water inlet pipe walling crib 14, but it is not provided with flap member；Out
Both it had been not provided with interval plate in water pipe walling crib 15, has also been not provided with flap member.Several prefabricated vertical shaft standard segments 13 are sequentially connected structure
At shaft main body, middle partition 2 is correspondingly connected in the shaft main body that is constituted；Water inlet pipe walling crib 14, shaft main body, outlet pipe walling crib
15 are sequentially connected with, and middle partition is correspondingly connected in water inlet pipe walling crib 14 and shaft main body.
Shaft main body is divided into " wet area " and " dry area " two parts by middle partition 2 by the present invention, has folded plate in " wet area "
Component is used for Energy dissipation of flood discharging, without flap member in " dry area ", for ventilation and mechanical hoisting.Venthole is opened up on middle partition 2
10, to make " wet area " and " dry area " atmosphere communicate, to accelerate vertical shaft aerial drainage process, convenient for being convenient for during vertical shaft later maintenance
Operator enters and leaves.In the present embodiment, 10 quantity of venthole is 2, for the slot of long 0.8m, width 0.6m, is respectively arranged on
2 both ends of partition, and it is immediately adjacent to the high order end of the folded plate 3 of the same end respectively.
In the present embodiment, 2~4 meters of the length of every section vertical shaft walling crib, 8~12 meters of internal diameter, 10 ° of folded plate inclination angle.When vertical shaft most
Big vent flow QmThere are relationship Q with folded plate sizemWhen=2.14 (B × h)+11.15, the energy dissipation rate of vertical shaft be it is best, between
Between 85.2%~96.4%.QmUnit be m3The unit of/s, B and h are m.It specifically, is optimal case when B=2h,
In, B is folded plate width, i.e. folded plate side projects to the length on horizontal plane；H is adjacent folded plate spacing, i.e., adjacent folded plate most bottom
The distance at end.Folded plate size is illustrated referring to Fig. 1.Vertical shaft maximum vent flow QmBetween the aerial drainage in the process adjacent folded plate of the top first floor
Maximum stream flow when being just full of by water body.QmIt is simulated and is obtained by great number tested data with the relational expression of folded plate size.It will be every
One folded plate end outgoing water flow is approximately that rectangular section goes out to flow, according to optimal hydraulic cross-section, the definition of maximum vent flow and flow
Relationship between sectional area, it is known that maximum vent flow QmThere is linear correlation with folded plate spacing h, therefore, passes through collecting sample number
According to, under the conditions of fitting 10 ° of folded plate inclination angles, folded plate spacing h and maximum vent flow QmLinear relationship, as shown in Figure 4.
Preferably, being additionally provided with cover board 16 at the top of water inlet pipe walling crib 14.In order to not influence the aerial drainage process of vertical shaft, avoid doing
Area's air pressure, which increases, occurs gas explosion danger, and guarantees that vertical shaft is done area and communicated with atmosphere, and aperture is arranged on cover board 16 and is not less than 1 meter
Gas vent.
The specific connection type of each component is as follows in the present embodiment, it is clear that the connection type of each component is not limited to following:
1 inner wall of vertical shaft walling crib reserves middle partition preformed groove 8, in the middle insertion of partition 2 in partition preformed groove 8, and passes through sleeve
The mode of grouting connection is fixed.Middle partition 2 is equipped with middle partition crossbeam preformed hole 9a corresponding with crossbeam 4, while vertical shaft walling crib 1
Inner wall is equipped with shaft wall crossbeam preformed hole 9b corresponding with middle partition crossbeam preformed hole 9a, and middle partition is fixed in 4 one end of crossbeam
In crossbeam preformed hole 9a, the other end is fixed in shaft wall crossbeam preformed hole 9b.In the present embodiment, middle partition crossbeam preformed hole
9a, shaft wall crossbeam preformed hole 9b are matched with 4 shape of crossbeam, are horizontal trapezoid, and top inclination angle is 10 °, remaining, left and right sides
While being vertical direction, bottom edge is horizontal direction.Several bolt box 18 are respectively equipped on each crossbeam 4, folded plate 3 passes through pre-buried spiral shell
Bolt 17 and bolt box 18 are connected by screw bolts 6 mode and are fixed on crossbeam 4.
It is docked between vertical shaft walling crib 1 by tongue and groove 25, and is fixed by way of sleeve grouting connection 5.Referring to Fig. 9~
10, elastic packing mat material 19 is arranged at the tongue and groove 25 of the two for the two vertical shaft walling cribs 1 docked up and down, is used between vertical shaft walling crib 1
Sealing is formed, prevents water body in vertical shaft from entering soil pollution environment, elastic seal Backing material 19 selects water-swellable in the present embodiment
Property material.Grout hole 23, plasma discharge hole 24 and sleeve 21, grout hole 23, plasma discharge hole 24 are equipped at the tongue and groove 25 of upper end vertical shaft walling crib 1
It is connected to, is injected high-strength grout in sleeve 21 by grout hole 23, so that pre-buried in lower end vertical shaft walling crib 1 in sleeve 21
Reinforcing bar 22 and sleeve 21 are connected as entirety, to achieve the purpose that fixed.
Likewise, middle partition 2 is fixed also by the mode and vertical shaft walling crib 1 of sleeve grouting connection.Referring specifically to Figure 11, erect
Embedded bar 22 is arranged in 1 lower end of well walling crib, in the insertion of embedded bar 22 in sleeve 21 set by 2 lower end of partition, in being set to
Grout hole 23 on partition 2 injects high-strength grout in sleeve 21, to keep middle partition 2 and vertical shaft walling crib 1 fixed.
Preferably, for convenient for the lifting in work progress, in prefabricated structures such as vertical shaft walling crib, middle partition, folded plate and crossbeams
The edge of part is equipped with female hanging ring 7, and female hanging ring 7 uses HPB300 reinforcing bar.Referring to Figure 12, female hanging ring 7 is embedded in pre- in advance
In the shallow slot of component 26 processed.
For synthesis, in the present embodiment, top surface is uniformly distributed 3 female hanging rings 7 and 7 of setting in each vertical shaft walling crib 1
A embedded bar 22, wherein 5 embedded bars 22 are used to carry out sleeve grouting connection, 2 pre-buried steels in the vertical shaft walling crib 1 of upper end
Muscle 22 is used to carry out sleeve grouting with middle partition 2 to connect.Female hanging ring 7 is respectively set in 4 both ends of crossbeam.Three ends of fan-shaped folded plate 3
Female hanging ring 7 is respectively set.
The construction procedure of the prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure of the present invention is as follows:
S1, construction site leveling determine shaft structure center according to design unwrapping wire；
S2, construction site assemble water pipe walling crib and sink down into designed elevation；
S3, install vertical shaft walling crib, to filleting slot 20 carry out jointing after sink, until vertical shaft subsidence of shaft crib to design mark
It is high；Jointing is sewage leakage in vertical shaft in order to prevent, to pollute environment；
S4, all vertical shaft walling cribs sink down into designed elevation one by one, carry out back cover construction；
One end of the beam is passed through the middle partition crossbeam preformed hole of middle partition by S5, is lifted together with middle partition to setting in vertical shaft
It counts at absolute altitude, and by the shaft wall crossbeam preformed hole of crossbeam other end insertion vertical shaft walling crib inner wall, is in the milk and is connected using sleeve
Partition and vertical shaft walling crib during method is fixed；
S6 lifts folded plate to vertical shaft, and is fixed by bolt and crossbeam；
S7 repeats step S5 to S6, until top layer's folded plate is installed to designed elevation；
S8, at sinking water inlet pipe walling crib to corresponding designed elevation, partition in installation is solid using sleeve grouting connection type
Partition and water inlet pipe walling crib in fixed, install cover board, and it is assembled to complete all precast constructions.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, anyone can obtain other various forms under the inspiration of the present invention
Product, it is all that there is technical side identical or similar to the present application however, make any variation in its shape or structure
Case is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure, characterized in that include:
Water inlet pipe walling crib, several prefabricated vertical shaft standard segments, outlet pipe walling crib；
The prefabricated vertical shaft standard segment includes vertical shaft walling crib, middle partition and flap member；
Middle partition is set in vertical shaft walling crib along the vertical shaft walling crib longitudinal axis, by vertical shaft walling crib inner cavity it is longitudinally split be two independent empty
Chamber；Flap member is disposed therein in an individual cavities；
The flap member includes several crossbeams and opposite bifoldable plate up and down, and bifoldable plate is set on vertical shaft walling crib inner wall and folded plate
Edge tilts down；Several crossbeams are set between middle partition and vertical shaft walling crib inner wall, for supporting bifoldable plate respectively；
When water body flow to upper folded plate, just it is flow on lower flap portion along upper folded plate edge；
Y direction is provided with middle partition in the water inlet pipe walling crib；
Several prefabricated vertical shaft standard segments are sequentially connected composition shaft main body, and middle partition is corresponding in the shaft main body constituted connects
It connects；Water inlet pipe walling crib, shaft main body, outlet pipe walling crib are sequentially connected with, and middle partition is corresponding in water inlet pipe walling crib and shaft main body connects
It connects.
2. prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Venthole is set on the middle partition；The number of air hole is 2, is respectively arranged on interval board ends, and be immediately adjacent to respectively
The high order end of the folded plate of the same end.
3. prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The folded plate inclination angle is 10 degree.
4. prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The folded plate is the fanning strip that central angle is 90 degree, and arc side is connect with vertical shaft walling crib inner wall, and one side connects interval
Plate.
5. prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
There are relationships: B=2h for the folded plate size, wherein B is folded plate width, i.e. folded plate side projects to the length on horizontal plane
Degree；H is adjacent folded plate spacing, i.e., the distance of adjacent folded plate lowermost end.
6. prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
It is additionally provided with cover board at the top of the water inlet pipe walling crib, the gas vent that aperture is not less than 1 meter is set on cover board.
7. prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Vertical shaft walling crib, middle partition, folded plate and crossbeam edge be equipped with female hanging ring.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910193385.0A CN109826301A (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2019-03-14 | A kind of prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure |
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| CN201910193385.0A CN109826301A (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2019-03-14 | A kind of prefabricated assembled folded plate moldeed depth tunnel draining shaft structure |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112377717A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-02-19 | 中交第二航务工程勘察设计院有限公司 | Grouting reinforcement and leakage repair construction method for cracking and damage of underground concrete pipeline |
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