CN109823180B - Pre-charging circuit of power battery - Google Patents
Pre-charging circuit of power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN109823180B CN109823180B CN201711173862.4A CN201711173862A CN109823180B CN 109823180 B CN109823180 B CN 109823180B CN 201711173862 A CN201711173862 A CN 201711173862A CN 109823180 B CN109823180 B CN 109823180B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-charging circuit of a power battery, which comprises: the system comprises a main positive relay, a main negative relay and a battery management controller, wherein the battery management controller comprises an electronic switch, a chip resistor, a micro control unit, a low-side driver of a pre-charging relay, a high-side driver of the pre-charging relay and a high-low voltage isolation circuit. The pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor are integrated into the battery management controller in an electronic manner, so that the arrangement space of the pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor in the battery pack is saved, the low-voltage wiring harness arrangement of the control signal of the original pre-charging relay is saved, and the structure of the pre-charging circuit is more compact; compared with a mechanical relay, the electronic switch greatly reduces the noise influence during closing and avoids the mechanical fault of the relay.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power batteries of electric automobiles, in particular to a pre-charging circuit of a power battery.
Background
The pre-charging circuit is one of the important technologies in the high-voltage safety field of the electric automobile. The pre-charging circuit is mainly used for charging a large capacitor of a power battery load such as a motor controller (namely an inverter), so that the phenomenon of spark arcing when a main relay of a battery pack is closed is reduced, impact is reduced, and the driving safety of a vehicle is improved.
The existing pre-charging circuit design scheme is that a pre-charging relay and a pre-charging resistor are arranged outside a battery management controller, the pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor have certain volumes, and a signal connection wire harness between the battery management controller and the pre-charging relay has certain length, so that the complexity of arrangement of internal mechanisms of a battery pack is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a pre-charging circuit for a power battery, which is intended to achieve the purpose of saving the arrangement space of a pre-charging relay and a pre-charging resistor inside a battery pack and making the structure of the pre-charging circuit more compact.
In order to achieve the above object, the following solutions are proposed:
a pre-charge circuit for a power cell, comprising: the system comprises a main positive relay, a main negative relay and a battery management controller;
the battery management controller comprises an electronic switch, a chip resistor, a micro control unit, a low-side driver of a pre-charging relay, a high-side driver of the pre-charging relay and a high-low voltage isolation circuit;
the normally open contact of the main positive relay is connected between the positive electrode of the power battery and the first end of the load;
the normally open contact of the main negative relay is connected between the negative electrode of the power battery and the second end of the load;
the junction of the normally open contact of the main positive relay and the positive electrode of the power battery is connected with the first end of the load through the electronic switch and the chip resistor which are connected in series;
the low-voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit is respectively connected with the low-side driver of the pre-charging relay and the high-side driver of the pre-charging relay, and the high-voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit is connected with the electronic switch;
the micro control unit controls whether the coil of the main positive relay and the coil of the main negative relay are electrified or not, and the micro control unit also controls the on-off of the electronic switch through the low-side drive of the pre-charging relay and the high-side drive of the pre-charging relay.
Preferably, the electronic switch is: and a MOS tube.
Preferably, the operating voltage of the MOS transistor is 690V, the operating current is 17.5A, the on-resistance is 0.19 Ω, and the turn-on voltage is 4.5V.
Preferably, the working voltage of the chip resistor is 500V, the rated power is 100W, and the thermal resistance is 1.5 ℃/W.
Preferably, the electronic switch and the chip resistor are fixed on the printed circuit board through an automatic welding process.
Preferably, the electronic switch and the chip resistor are connected with other electronic devices on the printed circuit board through internal routing of the printed circuit board.
Preferably, the electronic switch and the chip resistor are connected with a metal shell of the battery management controller through heat dissipation insulating glue.
Preferably, the low-voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit comprises a light emitting diode, and the high-voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit comprises a photosensitive diode.
Preferably, the high voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit and the electronic switch further include:
high-voltage switch protection circuit, high-voltage switch protection circuit includes TVS diode, inductance, resistance and prevents reverse diode, the TVS diode is used for the guarantee electronic switch's the level of opening is in safe voltage range, the inductance with resistance is used for the guarantee electronic switch's driving current is in safe current range, prevent that reverse current from damaging reverse diode electronic switch.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the pre-charging circuit of power battery that above-mentioned technical scheme provided includes: the system comprises a main positive relay, a main negative relay and a battery management controller, wherein the battery management controller comprises an electronic switch, a chip resistor, a micro control unit, a low-side driver of a pre-charging relay, a high-side driver of the pre-charging relay and a high-low voltage isolation circuit. The pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor are integrated into the battery management controller in an electronic manner, so that the arrangement space of the pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor in the battery pack is saved, the low-voltage wiring harness arrangement of the control signal of the original pre-charging relay is saved, and the structure of the pre-charging circuit is more compact; compared with a mechanical relay, the electronic switch greatly reduces the noise influence during closing and avoids the mechanical fault of the relay.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-charging circuit of a power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal precharge control structure of a power management controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the existing design scheme of the pre-charging circuit, a pre-charging relay and a pre-charging resistor are arranged outside a battery management controller, and the action of the pre-charging relay is mechanical action. According to the invention, the battery management controller, the pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor are integrated, so that the arrangement space of the pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor in the battery pack is effectively saved, the low-voltage wiring harness arrangement of the control signal of the original pre-charging relay is further saved, and the structure of the pre-charging circuit is more compact.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present embodiment provides a pre-charging circuit for a power battery, and referring to fig. 1, the circuit includes: a main positive relay 2, a main negative relay 3 and a battery management controller 4;
the battery management controller 4 comprises an electronic switch 41, a chip resistor 42, a micro control unit 43, a pre-charging relay low-side driver 44, a pre-charging relay high-side driver 45 and a high-low voltage isolation circuit 46;
the normally open contact of the main positive relay 2 is connected between the positive electrode of the power battery 1 and the first end of the load 5;
the normally open contact of the main negative relay 3 is connected between the negative electrode of the power battery 1 and the second end of the load 5;
the junction of the normally open contact of the main positive relay 2 and the positive electrode of the power battery 1 is connected with the first end of the load 5 through an electronic switch 41 and a chip resistor 42 which are connected in series;
the low-voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit 46 is respectively connected with the low-side driver 44 of the pre-charging relay and the high-side driver 45 of the pre-charging relay, and the high-voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit 46 is connected with the electronic switch 41;
the micro control unit 43 controls whether the coil of the main positive relay 2 and the coil of the main negative relay 3 are electrified, and the micro control unit 43 also controls the on-off of the electronic switch 41 through the low side driver 44 and the high side driver 45 of the pre-charging relay.
The control principle of the pre-charging circuit of the power battery is as follows: when the micro control unit 43 receives a power-on request, the micro control unit 43 firstly controls the coil of the main negative relay 3 to be electrified, so that the normally open contact of the main negative relay 3 is closed; then the micro control unit 43 controls the electronic switch 41 to be switched on; finally, when the on-time of the electronic switch 41 reaches the time of the pre-charging current (i.e., the pre-charging is completed), the micro-control unit 43 controls the coil of the main positive relay 2 to be electrified, so as to close the normally open contact of the main positive relay 2. When the normally open contact of the main positive relay 2 is completely closed, the micro control unit 43 opens the electronic switch 41, and the power battery 1 can safely supply power to the load 5.
Under the condition of equivalent working performance, the electronic switch 41 has the following advantages over the traditional mechanical relay:
(1) the device has small volume. The electronic switch 41 is made of chemical materials and is packaged in a small-volume shell; the mechanical relay is encapsulated in a cavity by a coil, an iron core, a switch contact, a sealing ring, an insulating material and the like, and has larger volume.
(2) The closing sound is small. The electronic switch 42 is turned on and off by the chemical material characteristics, and almost silent; the mechanical relay is closed under the electromagnetic action through the mechanical contact, and the noise is large.
The electronic switch 41 and the chip resistor 42 are fixed on the printed circuit board by an automated soldering process. Considering the heat dissipation when the electronic switch 41 and the chip resistor 42 operate, the bodies of the electronic switch 41 and the chip resistor 42 are connected to a metal casing (not shown) of the battery management controller 4 through a heat dissipation insulating adhesive, and the heat dissipation is performed through a large area of the metal casing.
The electronic switch 41 and the chip resistor are arranged in the connecting circuit of the printed circuit board and other electronic devices through internal wiring of the printed circuit board, so that the arrangement space is greatly saved. So that the integration degree of the battery management controller 4 is further improved.
The electronic switch 41 and the chip resistor 42 work in a high-voltage part of the power battery system, and a controller of the power battery system works in a low-voltage part, so that voltage isolation of a high-voltage and low-voltage working area is realized through a high-voltage and low-voltage isolation circuit 46. The high and low voltage isolation circuit 46 is also used for signal transmission of the pre-charge relay high side drive 45 and the pre-charge relay low side drive 44.
Referring to fig. 2, the high-low voltage isolation circuit 46 is specifically an optical coupling isolation device, the left side of the dotted line is a high-voltage module, and the right side of the dotted line is a low-voltage module; the low voltage module of the high and low voltage isolation circuit 46 includes a light emitting diode and the high voltage module of the high and low voltage isolation circuit 46 includes a photodiode.
When the micro control unit 43 controls the electronic switch 41 to be turned on, the high-side driver 45 of the pre-charging relay is firstly turned on, and at this time, the external 12V power supply is turned on and input to the anode of the light emitting diode of the high-low voltage isolation circuit 46; closing the low-side driver 46 of the pre-charging relay, grounding the cathode of the light-emitting diode, conducting the light-emitting diode at the moment, and normally working to emit light; the photodiode of the high-low voltage isolation circuit 46 generates a potential difference with a certain driving capability based on the photoelectric effect, and the electronic switch 41 is turned on by the potential difference.
Between the high-voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit 46 and the electronic switch 41, there are further included:
the high-voltage switch protection circuit 47, the high-voltage switch protection circuit 47 includes a TVS diode, an inductor, a resistor, and a reverse prevention diode, the TVS diode is used to ensure that the turn-on level of the electronic switch 41 is within a safe voltage range, the inductor and the resistor are used to ensure that the driving current of the electronic switch 41 is within a safe current range, and the reverse prevention diode prevents the reverse current from damaging the electronic switch 41.
The pre-charging relay is used for charging a power battery load such as a large capacitor of a motor controller, so that the closed spark arcing of a main relay of a battery pack is reduced, and the impact is reduced. Therefore, the electronic switch must be selected to satisfy a high-voltage operating environment, withstand a high operating current for a short time, have a sufficiently low on-resistance, and the like. The preferred electronic switch 41 is a MOS transistor having an operating voltage of 690V, an operating current of 17.5A, an on-resistance of 0.19 Ω, and a turn-on voltage of 4.5V.
The selection of the chip resistor should meet the requirements of bearing short-time thermal shock, bearing the current of the whole pre-charging cycle, external short-circuit thermal shock under abnormal working conditions and thermal shock caused by frequent power-on and power-off. The working voltage of the chip resistor 42 is 500V, the rated power is 100W, and the thermal resistance is 1.5 ℃/W. The working current of the chip resistor 42 has different requirements according to the total voltage of the power battery system, and the on-resistance has different requirements according to the whole vehicle system and the pre-charging current.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A pre-charging circuit for a power battery, comprising: the system comprises a main positive relay, a main negative relay and a battery management controller;
the battery management controller comprises an electronic switch, a chip resistor, a micro control unit, a low-side drive of a pre-charging relay, a high-side drive of the pre-charging relay and a high-low voltage isolation circuit, and is used for realizing the electronic integration of the pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor in the battery management controller;
the normally open contact of the main positive relay is connected between the positive electrode of the power battery and the first end of the load;
the normally open contact of the main negative relay is connected between the negative electrode of the power battery and the second end of the load;
the junction of the normally open contact of the main positive relay and the positive electrode of the power battery is connected with the first end of the load through the electronic switch and the chip resistor which are connected in series;
the low-voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit is respectively connected with the low-side driver of the pre-charging relay and the high-side driver of the pre-charging relay, the high-voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit is connected with the electronic switch, a high-voltage switch protection circuit is arranged between the high-voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit and the electronic switch, the high-voltage switch protection circuit comprises a TVS diode, an inductor, a resistor and an anti-reverse diode, the TVS diode is used for ensuring the opening level of the electronic switch to be within a safe voltage range, the inductor and the resistor are used for ensuring the driving current of the electronic switch to be within a safe current range, and the anti-reverse diode prevents reverse current from damaging the electronic switch;
the micro control unit controls whether the coil of the main positive relay and the coil of the main negative relay are electrified or not, and the micro control unit also controls the on-off of the electronic switch through the low-side drive of the pre-charging relay and the high-side drive of the pre-charging relay.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the electronic switch is: and a MOS tube.
3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the MOS transistor has an operating voltage of 690V, an operating current of 17.5A, an on-resistance of 0.19 Ω, and a turn-on voltage of 4.5V.
4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the chip resistor has an operating voltage of 500V, a power rating of 100W, and a thermal resistance of 1.5 ℃/W.
5. The circuit of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electronic switch and the chip resistor are fixed on the printed circuit board by an automated soldering process.
6. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the electronic switch and the chip resistor are connected to other electronic devices on the printed circuit board by internal traces of the printed circuit board.
7. The circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electronic switch and the chip resistor are connected with a metal shell of the battery management controller through heat dissipation insulating glue.
8. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the low voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit comprises a light emitting diode and the high voltage module of the high-low voltage isolation circuit comprises a photodiode.
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| CN201711173862.4A CN109823180B (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2017-11-22 | Pre-charging circuit of power battery |
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| CN201711173862.4A CN109823180B (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2017-11-22 | Pre-charging circuit of power battery |
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| CN109823180A CN109823180A (en) | 2019-05-31 |
| CN109823180B true CN109823180B (en) | 2022-04-26 |
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| CN110406381B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2023-07-07 | 常州是为电子有限公司 | Power battery precharge switching device based on IGBT module |
| CN112793422B (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2022-07-12 | 中车时代电动汽车股份有限公司 | Protection control circuit |
| CN111049227A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 苏州绿控传动科技股份有限公司 | Pre-charging circuit and charging method for motor controller |
| JP7307156B2 (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2023-07-11 | 東莞新能安科技有限公司 | Electrochemical device, electrical equipment, electric vehicle, and power supply control method |
| CN113484586A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-08 | 上海中科深江电动车辆有限公司 | Device for detecting auxiliary power consumption differential pressure of electric automobile high-voltage relay control |
| CN114995891A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-02 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Non-contact starting method and device |
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