CN109823161A - The automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of one kind and its control method - Google Patents
The automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of one kind and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109823161A CN109823161A CN201910229899.7A CN201910229899A CN109823161A CN 109823161 A CN109823161 A CN 109823161A CN 201910229899 A CN201910229899 A CN 201910229899A CN 109823161 A CN109823161 A CN 109823161A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system, engine crankshaft connection and driven generator；Generator connects transmission input shaft by spline；Transmission input shaft connects and drives planetary gear train I and planetary gear train II；Planetary gear train I is separately connected and drives shift motor I and odd number shelves driving gear；Planetary gear train II is separately connected and drives shift motor II and even gear driving gear；The connection of odd number shelves driving gear and drive bit allocation axis I；The connection of even gear driving gear and drive bit allocation axis II；Gear distributing shaft I and gear distributing shaft II can respectively drive final output axis；Generator, shift motor I and shift motor II are respectively and electrically connected to power battery.The present invention has system structure simple, does not need the friction plate clutch of mechanical double-clutch speed changer, and the failure rate, control difficulty and maintenance for reducing system require.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of automobile driving systems, and in particular to a kind of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system
And its control method, belong to automobile driving system technical field.
[background technique]
The existing riding motor vehicle drive system of hybrid power is mainly by following several types and feature:
1, serial mixed power drive system
Main composition: engine+generator (/ starter)+motor (/ generator)+power electronics devices+power battery
And manager；
Transmission system principle: engine driven generators pass through power electronics devices to power battery charging, power battery
Drive motor drives vehicle driving using drive axle；
Main feature: without mechanically contact, only responsible driven generator power generation, by motor drive between engine and wheel
Energy regenerating when vehicle and vehicle braking；Since engine is only responsible for power generation, operating condition is unrelated with speed, can be by making to send out
Motivation carries out power generation and energy feedback when vehicle deceleration under efficient routine to improve the fuel economy of vehicle.
2, parallel connection mixed power driving system
Main composition: engine+motor+mechanical transmission+power electronics devices+power battery and manager；
Transmission system principle: engine, motor are installed on an axis and drive mechanical transmission jointly, drive by drive axle
Dynamic vehicle driving；
Main feature: motor can need to convert between generator and motor according to vehicle realtime power, engine
It may operate in preferable efficient routine, improve the fuel economy of vehicle.
3, hybrid drive system in type of multiple series connection
The structure of series-parallel hybrid electric system is more, and representative structure mainly has: planetary gear power divider
ECVT mixes motivation structure (Toyota), mechanical double-clutch speed changer+single motor+retarder (the BYD Qin, Roewe), three sets of planetary gears
Mechanism+the clutch of bi-motor+four (/ brake) (GM, BMW, Daimler) etc..
Toyota's hybrid dynamic system composition: engine+generator (/ starter)+motor (/ generator)+power dividing mechanism
(planetary gear mechanism)+power electronics devices+power battery and manager；Transmission system principle: machine is shunted by mechanical output
Structure (planetary gear mechanism), motor can also can drive jointly vehicle with engine with independent drive vehicles；Due to motor
Have the characteristics that low-speed big, drive axle can be directly driven, system may not need mechanical transmission.
BYD hybrid dynamic system composition: engine+double-clutch speed changer+motor (/ generator)+deceleration mechanism+power
Battery and manager；Transmission system principle: can be combined or be cut off engine power by double-clutch speed changer, and engine can be with
Motor-driven vehicle alone or in combination can also be generated electricity with driving motor, and motor can also be sent out alone or in combination by deceleration mechanism
Motivation drives vehicle.
Main feature:
(1) Toyota's system: due to not having mechanical transmission, vehicle cannot be operated alone in engine, can only pass through planet tooth
Power section is distributed to generator and drive axle by wheel mechanism, and the driving force (especially vehicle start and speed operation) of vehicle is main
It to be provided by motor, so the dynamic property of vehicle is mainly determined by the performance of motor；Generator is according to power battery and vehicle
Condition changes generation load in real time to meet the power output demand of power battery charging and motor.
(2) BYD system: as with deceleration mechanism, engine and electricity needed for double-clutch speed changer and motor driven
Vehicle can be operated alone in motivation, can also combine driving vehicle or motor as generator according to vehicle working condition and fill to battery
Electricity.
The implementation method and feature that existing main series parallel type system engine directly drives are as follows:
It forms from above-mentioned vehicle mixed connection power drive system as it can be seen that the implementation that engine directly drives vehicle mainly has
Two schemes:
1, using mechanical double clutch speed changer (the BYD Qin and Roewe E550)
Dual clutch transmission structure and conventional vehicles it is essentially identical, can be needed to combine or disconnect engine according to vehicle condition
Power transmitting, engine power can also be passed to by motor by the control to clutch and generated electricity.To realize hair
The mixed connection of motivation and motor power is driven；The double-clutch speed changer gear of BYD (Qin) is more, and engine can be directly realized by
The double-clutch speed changer gear of full working scope vehicle traction, Roewe is less, needs motor power under specific operation (in low speed)
Auxiliary could smoothly realize the driving of vehicle.
2, using planetary gear mechanical output diversion mechanism (Toyota ECVT etc.)
In the mechanism, engine by the planet carrier of planetary gear mechanism link driving motor (bull gear connects drive axle),
Generator (sun gear) realizes the mixed connection work of engine, generator, driving motor.Since planetary gear mechanism has both dynamic rate
Shunting and the big function of speed change two, single variator ratio range for covering planetary gear mechanism is smaller, so using the mixed motor-car of this mechanism
, vehicle cannot be generally operated alone in engine, (such as vehicle start, the works such as acceleration especially under the operating condition for needing large torque
Condition), the driving of vehicle is mainly realized with the power of motor.
However, above two direct driving method has the disadvantage in that
1) double-clutch speed changer
(1) friction plate is used for a long time easy to wear, and power smooth engagement is poor；
(2) existing double-clutch automatic gearbox automotive power disadvantage, and exist since the control of combined hybrid system executes
Device is more, to the demanding disadvantage of the control of system.
(3) motor and engine (Roewe is under steady state operating conditions) can individually directly drive vehicle, so driving motor
Power is big, accordingly higher to power electronic driver part and system performance requirements.
2) planetary gear mechanical output diversion mechanism (ECVT)
(1) ECVT needs driving motor, engine and power generation (starting) machine co-ordination, is just able to achieve speed changing function；Hair
The output torque of motivation is split decrease, and vehicle cannot be operated alone.
(2) driving motor needs that vehicle can be operated alone, and needs the driving motor of high power large torque, drives to power electronic
Device and battery system performance requirement are accordingly higher.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, it is necessory to provide a kind of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers speed change of innovation
Drive system and its control method, to overcome the defect in the prior art.
[summary of the invention]
To solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of structure is simple, transmission efficiency is high, it is easy to control and
Automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system vdiverse in function.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of control methods of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system.
To realize above-mentioned first purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a kind of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers speed change
Drive system comprising engine crankshaft, gearbox body are contained in the intracorporal transmission input shaft of gearbox, generator, shift
Motor I, planetary gear train I, odd number shelves driving gear, sun gear input shaft, shift motor II, planetary gear train II, even gear are actively
Gear, gear distributing shaft I, gear distributing shaft II and final output axis and power battery；Wherein, the engine crankshaft
One end extends into gearbox body, connects simultaneously driven generator；The generator connects transmission input shaft by spline；It is described
Transmission input shaft connects and drives planetary gear train I and planetary gear train II；The planetary gear train I is separately connected and drives shift electricity
Machine I and odd number shelves driving gear；The planetary gear train II is separately connected and drives shift motor II and even gear driving gear；Institute
State the connection of odd number shelves driving gear and drive bit allocation axis I；The even gear driving gear connection and drive bit allocation axis
II；The gear distributing shaft I and gear distributing shaft II can respectively drive final output axis；It the generator, shift motor I and changes
Gear motor II is respectively and electrically connected to power battery.
Automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention is further are as follows: the generator includes starting/hair
Rotor and starting/generator stator winding；The starting/generator rotor is connected with engine crankshaft, can be by starting
Machine crankshaft drives and generates electricity, or drives engine crankshaft rotation and start engine；The starting/generator stator winding installation
In in gearbox body, set is on the outside of starting/power generation rotor.
Automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention is further are as follows: the planetary gear train I and planetary gear
Being includes outer gear ring, planet carrier and sun gear in II；The outer gear ring of the planetary gear train I and planetary gear train II is by speed change
The synchronous driving of case input shaft；The outer gear ring, planet carrier and sun gear are successively driven.
Automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention is further are as follows: the shift motor I is by shift electricity
Machine I stator winding and shift motor I rotor composition, the shift motor I rotor are connected with the sun gear of planetary gear train I, and by
Sun wheel drive.
Automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention is further are as follows: the shift motor II is by shift electricity
Machine II stator winding and shift motor II rotor composition, the shift motor II rotor and sun gear input axis connection, sun gear
The sun gear of axis connection planetary gear train II is inputted, and by sun wheel drive.
Automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention is further are as follows: the planet carrier is separately connected and drives
Dynamic odd number shelves driving gear and even gear driving gear；It is respectively equipped on the odd number shelves driving gear and even gear driving gear
Shift combined cover.
Automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention is further are as follows: installs on the transmission input shaft
One one-way clutch.
Automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention is further are as follows: further pivot in the gearbox body
It is connected to a reverse gear shaft, the gear distributing shaft II, reverse gear shaft and final output axis are successively driven by reverse gear.
Automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention is also are as follows: the one control protection of power battery connection
Circuit and an ECU, the ECU control power battery, generator, shift motor I and shift motor II by control protective loop；
The control protective loop includes several insulated gate bipolar transistors.
To realize above-mentioned second purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a kind of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers speed change
The control method of drive system,
1) upshift shift: when driving with motor-powered vehicle, ECU controls shift motor I with dynamic brake mode operation
Starting；When reaching critical speed, motor II is gradually added with dynamic brake mode operation, and motor I then gradually exits power generation system
Dynamic model formula；When motor II reaches critical speed, motor I is gradually added with positive electric model, and motor II then gradually exits power generation
Braking mode；Subsequent two motors are alternately performed upshift shift driving with the operation of positive electric model, until reaching setting shelves
Position.
2) downshift shift: according to engine speed and vehicle speed data, ECU controls current motor I revolving speed and declines, and II pairs of motor
Gear combined cover is answered to combine, when revolving speed is lower than setting value, ECU controls motor II and driving, motor I gradually is added with electric model
Then gradually exit driving；Continue to decline with speed, motor II revolving speed reaches setting value, and motor I corresponds to low-grade location combined cover
In conjunction with motor I is gradually added driving with electric model, and motor II is then gradually exited；As motor I revolving speed is lower than setting value, electricity
Machine II revolving speed is in counter-rotated condition, and ECU control motor II is gradually added with dynamic brake mode operation, and motor I is then gradually
It is out of service；Motor II revolving speed reaches setting value, and motor I is gradually added with dynamic brake mode, and motor II is then gradually exited, complete
It is controlled at downshift.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the present invention takes two groups of planetary gear trains, couple engine with two low power shift motors, forms two groups
Epicyclic transmission.In every group of mechanism, engine output shaft is linked with outer gear ring, and motor is linked with sun gear, planet carrier
Connect output gear.Every set gear is using corresponding second level gear-driving speed-variable, from final output axis output driving vehicle
Traveling；Every group of gear can generate multiple transmission ratios (simulating corresponding gear) by controlling the revolving speed of motor, such as low speed
Shelves (corresponding to motor from negative revolving speed to close to zero speed), direct high (corresponding to the revolving speeds such as motor and engine), overgear are (right
It should be in the higher rotation speed of motor)；The driving that two groups of gears alternately participate in vehicle can produce at least six simulation gears, often
Transmission ratio between a gear is stepless variation, by control two motors size of current (one improve, one reduction,
Simulate the operation to mechanical diode clutch) it can easily realize gear switch, steadily without impact.
2. the electric energy needs of the invention in order to meet shift motor, increase a low power generator, it is responsible for start
The mechanical energy of machine is converted into electric energy, charges to battery and shift motor is driven to run with electric model.
3. the present invention do not cut off the gear shift power of double-clutch speed changer, rapidly, the high advantage and motor of transmission efficiency
Easy to control, high reliablity advantage combines；It is simple with system structure, do not need the friction disk type of mechanical double-clutch speed changer from
Clutch, the failure rate, control difficulty and maintenance for reducing system require.It can be required simultaneously according to the driving of vehicle, pass through storage
When the electric energy deposited is driven the non-economy operating condition for reducing engine to supplement the power demand to engine to use in motor
Between, improve the fuel efficiency of vehicle.
[Detailed description of the invention]
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view in Fig. 1 along A-A.
Fig. 3 is power transmission line schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of planetary gear train of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of control protective loop of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the sectional view of the second embodiment of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention.
Fig. 7 is the sectional view in Fig. 6 along B-B.
Fig. 8 is the power transmission line schematic diagram of second embodiment of the present invention.
[specific embodiment]
It please refers to shown in Figure of description 1 to attached drawing 5, the present invention relates to a kind of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drives
System, and an engine 100 docking, by engine crankshaft 1, gearbox body 30, the speed change being contained in gearbox body 30
Case input shaft 2, generator 14, shift motor II15, planetary gear train II16, even gear driving gear 9, sun gear input shaft 18,
Shift motor I28, planetary gear train I29, odd number shelves driving gear 25 and 26 gear distributing shaft II21, gear distributing shaft I23 and most
A few part compositions such as whole output shaft 22 and power battery 31.
Wherein, one end of the engine crankshaft 1 connects engine 100, and the other end extends into gearbox body 30, connects
And driven generator 14.Specifically, the generator 14 includes starting/generator rotor 3 and starting/power generation and stator winding
4；The starting/generator rotor 3 and engine crankshaft 1 connect, and can be driven and be generated electricity by engine crankshaft 1, or driving hair
Motivation crankshaft 1 rotates and starts engine 100.The starting/generator stator winding 4 is installed in gearbox body 30, set
In 3 outside of starting/power generation rotor.
The generator 14 connects transmission input shaft 2 by spline.The transmission input shaft 2 connects and drives planet
Train II16 and planetary gear train I29.Further, an one-way clutch 27 is installed on the transmission input shaft 2, passes through setting
The one-way clutch 27, when individually driving vehicle with motor 15,28, engine 100 does not stress reversion.
The planetary gear train II16 is separately connected and drives shift motor II15 and even gear driving gear 9.The planet
Train I29 is separately connected and drives shift motor I28 and odd number shelves driving gear 25,26.Specifically, the planetary gear train
It include outer gear ring 11, planet carrier 12 and sun gear 13 in II16 and planetary gear train I29.The planetary gear train II16 and planet
The outer gear ring 11 of train I29 is driven by transmission input shaft 2 is synchronous；The outer gear ring 11, planet carrier 12 and sun gear 13 according to
Secondary transmission.
The planetary gear train II16 and planetary gear train I29 are different from the ECVT of the Toyota of background technique:
In Toyota ECVT, engine input torque is shunted, machine by sun gear (generator) and bull gear (mechanism output)
Structure output torque (torque for not considering driving motor) is less than engine input torque, and in the design, mechanism output torque is
The sum of bull gear (engine) input torque and sun gear (shift motor) input torque.The engine mechanical output force of the design
Moment ratio example is greater than the output of Toyota ECVT, when driving vehicle, required motor supplement torque is relatively small, theoretically system
Machine-electric energy conversion rate requirement is relatively small, and required performance of power battery capacity and power electronic devices etc. is relatively low.
In order to compare the difference of two kinds of planetary gear train speed changes and Torque distribution principle when by motor-powered vehicle, herein
Analysis is compared to this, if the ratio between bull gear and sun gear radius areIt sees the above table.
As seen from table, as long as ECVT mechanism controls generator speed from higher rotation speed to compared with the slow-speed of revolution, system can be realized
Transmission ratio consecutive variations, follow-up driving force drive path do not have mechanical changeover mechanism, and control requires simple.But it is as big in do not considered
The torque of power drive motor, mechanism output torque are as follows:
Mdrive=Mengine-Mgenerator
Mechanism output torque is less than engine input torque, and vehicle cannot be operated alone, need and be installed on outer gear ring
The output torque M of high-power driving motormotorSuperposition could drive vehicle driving, and driving motor is stored up by generator and power battery
The electric energy deposited drives jointly, and the output torque and power requirement of driving motor are larger.
This patent use mechanism also may be implemented system transmission ratio variation, but with Toyota ECVT exist two in terms of
It is different:
1) synthesis of mechanism driving moment
But the synthesis of driving moment is different in different phase, especially (needs to export big torsion in the vehicle start stage
Square), the mechanism output torque that this patent uses are as follows:
Mdrive=Mengine+Mmotor
As motor torque is superimposed with the torque that shift motor 15,28 feedback dynamic brakes are run；Motor torque does not have
There is loss, is completely used for exporting, mechanism output torque and engine input torque ratio are greater than 1, have the function of deceleration torque increase, then with
The mechanical changeover of follow-up driving force transfer route cooperates, and the starting of vehicle can be completed without increasing the assistance of high-power driving motor.
There is certain advantage compared with ECVT mechanism, Toyota.
2) transmission ratio has breakpoint
As seen from the above table, there are non-continuous events for transmission ratio between vehicle start and more low-grade operating condition for mechanism.
Starting stage are as follows:
The more low-grade stage are as follows: i=ω2/ωH∈ (1+1/ λ, 1)；
As it can be seen that the transmission ratio in two stages does not include the minizone centered on 1+1/ λ.Main cause: vehicle start rank
Section control shift motor carries out in such a way that feedback power generation is braked, when shift motor revolving speed is reduced to critical speed (this turn
Under speed, the induced electromotive force that stator generates is smaller) when, stator winding current, field weakening, braking moment weaken, and cannot continue
Accelerate driving vehicle.
In the vehicle start stage, shift motor 15,28 should not use reversing braking control mode, and reversing braking will lead to electricity
Machine fever is serious, and cannot be charged the battery by regenerative braking, improves the fuel efficiency of engine.If first feedback is taken to send out
Electric control starting takes reversing braking mode to control shift motor 15,28 and crosses zero speed realization biography when reaching critical speed
The consecutive variations of dynamic ratio, since the instantaneous switching of control mode will lead to the short interruption and fluctuation of current of electric and torque,
It will lead to the reduction of vehicle driveline vibration and comfort.
(2) double-planet train speed Control principle
In order to solve the single planetary bevel gear system transmission ratio continuity problem, this patent structure takes double planetary gears arranged side by side
System, the structure of double shift motor drivings, as shown in the picture.If gear shifting motor I (hereinafter referred to as motor I corresponds to planetary gear train I)
1 transmission ratio of subsequent drive path be i1, resume after gear shifting motor II (hereinafter referred to as motor II, correspond to planetary gear train II)
Dynamic route II transmission ratio is i2, and have i1> i2.Speed-change process is completed, the alternating of two groups of motors is needed to control to realize.Specifically
Implementation method was needed by the following root phase.
1) motor I feedback braking mode starts to walk
When the vehicle is stopped, motor I p-m rotor revolving speed and engine are on the contrary, control makes motor I feedback generate electricity
Braking moment is generated, stator winding current value is adjusted and controls braking moment, planetary gear train I closes the torque of engine and motor I
At, then vehicle gentle start made by the deceleration of subsequent 1 transmission ratio of drive path.
By cyclic train revolving speed calculation method, there is planetary gear train I drive connection:
ω1+λω2=(1+ λ) ωH
In formula, ωHRevolving speed, ω are exported for planet carrier2For engine input speed, ω1For motor I input speed, λ=R2/
R1, it is the ratio between outer gear ring radius and sun gear radius
As motor I p-m rotor revolving speed reduces, the induced potential that stator winding generates is gradually decreased, when induced potential is big
Small when can only maintain field supply needed for stator, revolving speed tends to steady-state value ω one smaller1< 0.In not super design nominal load
Under torque operating condition, ω1It is relatively stable, change smaller.
System fastest ratio:
System output torque:
2) relay of motor II feedback braking mode is shifted gears
After motor I completes vehicle start, there is the drive connection of planetary gear train II:
In formula,Revolving speed is exported for planet carrier,For the revolving speed of motor II
Due to the subsequent transmission ratio i of drive path II2With drive path I transmission ratio i1It differs, and i1> i2, have:
As it can be seen that reaching steady-state speed ω in motor I1When, the revolving speed of motor IIThe steady-state value of nominal torque is not reached.
It can make its revolving speed and ω by the induced current and magnetic field for controlling stator winding1It is close.
It can realize that motor I is moved back by the coordinated control to motor I and motor II stator winding current device for power switching
The transformation of drive train power transmitting is added in motor II while work out.That is ECU is reducing the conducting of motor I stator winding loops
While pulsewidth, the conducting pulsewidth of expanded motor II stator winding loops, so that motor I is gradually exiting the same of transmitting power
When, motor II is added in time to complete bi-motor relay control.
3) relay of motor I electric model is shifted gears
When control motor II reaches rotational speed omega1When, have to planetary gear train I:
Have to planetary gear train:
ωl+λω2=(1+ λ) ωH
Have:
Due to i1> i2, equation the right is greater than 0, hasBy the transmission ratio for designing suitable route 1 and route 2
i1And i2, can be easily realized and reach rotational speed omega in control motor II1When, the revolving speed of motor IIt completes from negative revolving speed (with ωH
Turn on the contrary, and close to zero speed) to positive revolving speed (with ωHTurn to identical) transformation, for it is subsequent control switch to electric model
Offer condition.
Equally, motor II is realized by the coordinated control to motor I and motor II stator winding current device for power switching
While exiting work, motor I is added power with electric model and transmits, and completes relay control.The electronic energy of motor I is by power
Battery and generator provide.
4) relay of motor II electric model is shifted gears
With improving in motor I revolving speed, the transmission ratio of route 1 is reduced, when being reduced to setting value, the revolving speed of motor II
The transformation from negative revolving speed to positive revolving speed can be completed, is the subsequent positive electric model relay shift raising condition of motor II.With same
Coordinated control mode, can be realized motor II electric model relay shift.
By the control in above 4 stages, motor I, motor II, which are completed, brakes drive mode to forward direction by electrification feedback
Electric Drive Mode transformation realizes the consecutive variations of the upshift control and transmission ratio of power drive system.The downshift control of system
System is with upshift control on the contrary, positive electric drive has can be completed to generating electricity back by similar coordinated control in motor I, motor II
The conversion of drive mode is presented, which is not described herein again.
Illustrate in above-mentioned 4 stages of bi-motor relay gear shift in order to clearer, the revolving speed change of motor I, motor II
Change and be well on the feasibility of conversion according to revolving speed to drive and control of electric machine mode, this section is to a certain transmission for vehicles transmission ratio
Data have carried out the primary Calculation using bi-motor clutch speed-changing conceptual design key data.
(1) former vehicle device tool transmission gear transmission ratio is set
One grade: 3.52；Second gear: 2.43；Three gears: 1.6；Four gears: 1；Five grades: 0.9.
(2) the minimum speed critical value intended under the feedback power generation nominal torque for the shift motor selected is ω1=-110~-
90r/min, calculating take -100r/min, and motor maximum speed is ωmax=8500r/min, the planetary gear train parameter lambda of use=
1.6。
(3) transmission ratio of the double drive paths (except the part of planetary gear train) designed see the table below
| Level-one | Second level | |
| Drive path 1 | 2.2 | 1.1 |
| Drive path 2 | R gear 2.2 | 1.4 |
(4) calculating key data see the table below
As it can be seen that the parameter of design can satisfy the variable speed drives requirement of former vehicle, gear range is broader, and can be real
Existing stepless driving.In entire speed-change process, need to only carrying out one-time mechanical shift, (by shifting gears, combined cover is shifted gears, i.e., will
1.1) transmission ratio of route 1 is changed to by original 2.2.Gearshift can take hydraulic (or other control methods) control to automatically switch,
Shift executive component quantity greatly reduces.
Further, the shift motor II15 is made of shift motor II stator winding 6 and shift motor II rotor 5,
The connection of the sun gear 13 of the shift motor II rotor 5 and planetary gear train II16, and driven by sun gear 13.The shift motor
I28 is made of shift motor I stator winding 17 and shift motor I rotor 19, the shift motor I rotor 19 and sun gear input
Axis 18 connects, and sun gear input shaft 18 connects the sun gear 13 of planetary gear train I29, and is driven by sun gear 13.
The planet carrier 12 is separately connected and drives even gear driving gear 9 and odd number shelves driving gear 25,26.The idol
Shift combined cover 8,24 is respectively equipped in the drive shaft of several grades of driving gears 9 and odd number shelves driving gear 25.The even gear master
The connection of moving gear 9 and drive bit allocation axis II21；The connection of odd number shelves driving gear 25,26 and drive bit allocation axis
I23。
The gear distributing shaft II21 and gear distributing shaft I23 can respectively drive final output axis 22.The gearbox body
A reverse gear shaft 20 is further articulated in 30, the gear distributing shaft II21, reverse gear shaft 20 and final output axis 22 are by reversing gear
Gear 7 is successively driven, and realization is reversed gear.
The shift control logic of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention is as follows: driving with engine
Dynamic vehicle start, traveling operating condition under, the logical order of double shift motors driving upshift speed changes are as follows:
(1) combined cover 8 on planet carrier output shaft, 24 components are engaged with lower forward gear thereon respectively；
(2) shift motor I reaches the critical speed (induced potential of generation with dynamic brake mode operation to rotor speed
Stator winding can be provided and maintain self-field electric current, do not export electric current outward)；
(3) control motor I stator winding current gradually reduces, while expanded motor II is with dynamic brake mode operation, by
Step increases stator winding current, completes relay and drives process；
(4) equally when motor II rotor reaches minimum critical speed, it is forward direction that motor I, which is servo-actuated revolving speed, controls motor II
Stator winding current gradually reduce, while providing electrical energy drive motor I by generator or battery and being run with electric model, it is complete
Process is driven at relay；
(5) reach revolving speed (other revolving speeds such as identical or a certain with the revolving speed of engine, it is ensured that at this time of setting in motor I
Motor II revolving speed is forward direction), reduce the driving current of motor, while the gradually electric drive electric current of expanded motor II at this time, it is complete
Process is driven at relay；
(6) after the completion of motor II relay, the machine of motor I transfer route according to circumstances can be changed by shift combined cover
Tool transmission ratio is prepared for the subsequent upshift that continues.Subsequent upshift operation control process is identical as step 4.
The process of downshift operation is similar, is not repeating.
Further, the generator 14, shift motor II15 and shift motor I28 are respectively and electrically connected to power electric
Pond 31.The generator 14 can charge for power battery 31, or start engine 100 by power battery 31.
The one control protective loop 32 of the connection of power battery 31 and an ECU33, the ECU33 pass through control protective loop
32 control power batteries 31, generator 14, shift motor II15 and shift motor I28.If the control protective loop 32 includes
Dry insulated gate bipolar transistor 34, specific control circuit is as shown in Figure of description 5.
The control method of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system of the invention is as follows:
1) upshift shift: when driving vehicle driving with engine 100, ECU33 controls shift motor I28 with dynamic brake mould
Formula operation starting；When reaching critical speed, motor II15 is gradually added with dynamic brake mode operation, and motor I28 is then gradually
Exit dynamic brake mode；When motor II15 reaches critical speed, motor I28 is gradually added with positive electric model, motor
II15 then gradually exits dynamic brake mode；Subsequent two motors 15,28 are alternately performed upshift with the operation of positive electric model
Shift driving, until reaching setting gear.
2) downshift shift: according to 100 revolving speed of engine and vehicle speed data, ECU33 controls the decline of current motor I28 revolving speed,
Motor II15 respective notch combined cover combines, and when revolving speed is lower than setting value, ECU33 controls motor II15 gradually with electric model
Driving is added, motor I28 then gradually exits driving；Continue to decline with speed, motor II15 revolving speed reaches setting value, motor
I28 corresponds to the combination of low-grade location combined cover, and motor I28 is gradually added driving with electric model, and motor II15 is then gradually exited；With
Motor I28 revolving speed is lower than setting value, and motor II15 revolving speed is in counter-rotated condition, and ECU33 controls motor II15 with the system of generating electricity
Dynamic mode operation is gradually added, and motor I28 is then gradually out of service；Motor II15 revolving speed reaches setting value, and motor I28 is to generate electricity
Braking mode is gradually added, and motor II15 is then gradually exited, and completes downshift control.
System of the invention can realize following main drive mode:
(1) low speed pure electric vehicle drive mode (power battery electricity abundance operating condition) in
Since shift motor I and II power is relatively small, vehicle high-power driving requirement at full capacity is not achieved, but in urban district
It, can be with pure electric vehicle starting+normally travel in the case that speed operation and power battery SOC allow in.Due to can be with bi-motor
Parallel drive, if single motor driving power is 15KW, then bi-motor almost can satisfy general day up to the driving power of 30KW
It drives and requires under normal applying working condition of riding instead of walk.
Implementation method: engine stop does not work, shift motor I and II forward direction electric operation, by planetary gear+subsequent
After drive path slows down, vehicle driving is driven.
(2) engine+motor parallel drive mode (power battery electricity abundance operating condition)
Engine is run, and after vehicle start, shift motor I and II enter electric Drive Mode, the electricity of shift motor I and II
It can be provided by power battery 31, generator does not generate electricity.Driving general power=engine power+power of motor of vehicle, motor can
It is inputted with needing to increase or reduce according to vehicle, can effectively reduce the variation of engine dynamic load, advantageously reduce oil consumption, improve
Fuel economy.
Implementation method: engine operation, shift motor by above-mentioned double-planet train speed Control principle driving vehicle start,
When motor enters positive electric model, electric energy is provided by power battery, generator does not generate electricity.
(3) engine+power generation+electronic combination drive mode (power battery short of electricity operating condition)
Engine is run, and after vehicle start, shift motor enters electric Drive Mode, and the electric energy of shift motor is by generator
It provides.Driving general power=engine power of vehicle, vehicle has bi-motor clutch stepless speed changing function at this time.Motor can be with
Power is needed to need to adjust transmission ratio in real time according to vehicle, since the power of motor is smaller, power conversion losses are smaller, can also have
Effect reduces the variation of engine dynamic load, improves fuel efficiency.
Implementation method: engine operation, shift motor by above-mentioned double-planet train speed Control principle driving vehicle start,
When motor enters positive electric model, electric energy needed for being provided by electrical power generators.
(4) engine driving+charge mode (power battery short of electricity operating condition)
Engine is run, and after vehicle start, shift motor enters electric Drive Mode, and the electric energy of shift motor is by generator
It provides.Electrical power generators are that battery charges simultaneously, driving general power=engine power-charge power of vehicle, at this time vehicle
With bi-motor clutch stepless speed changing function.
Implementation method: engine operation, shift motor by above-mentioned double-planet train speed Control principle driving vehicle start,
When motor enters positive electric model, electric energy needed for being provided by electrical power generators, while the extra electric energy of generator provides battery
Charging.
(5) the pure power generation mode of engine
Engine operation, vehicle stop.Engine driven generators power generation is that battery charges.It is mainly used for the of short duration of vehicle
Parking and battery short of electricity operating condition.Also it can be used using vehicle as power supply supplier for relevant device.
Implementation method: engine operation, shift combined cover are located at middle position neutral gear.Generator is generated electricity by engine driving.
The gear combined cover 8,24 and mechanical gear number, the difference that can be required according to Car design are increased and decreased, such as
Miniature, small-sized economic vehicle, engine power is smaller, then can not need the mechanical changeover combined cover on power transmission line 1
24, then whole system during operation only reverse gear and two kinds of primary shift combined covers 8 of situations needs operation of stop-start by parking,
Other operating conditions can carry out lifting shelves control without operating to combined cover automatically.As combined cover 8 takes manually directly operation
(starting to walk and reverse gear to manual gear, it is similar to operate), then entire speed change hybrid power transmission system is without hydraulic (or electronic) shift phase
Component is closed, system cost and control difficulty will substantially reduce.
It please refers to shown in Figure of description 6 to attached drawing 8, is automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drives system of the invention
Unite second embodiment, and first embodiment the difference is that: two shift motor is installed side by side, shift control
Method processed is as follows:
(1) upshift shift: when driving with motor-powered vehicle, ECU controls shift motor I with dynamic brake mode operation
Starting；When reaching critical speed, motor II is gradually added with dynamic brake mode operation, and motor I then gradually exits power generation system
Dynamic model formula；When motor II reaches critical speed, motor I is gradually added with positive electric model, and motor II then gradually exits power generation
Braking mode；Subsequent two motors are alternately performed upshift shift driving with the operation of positive electric model, until reaching setting shelves
Position.
(2) downshift shift: if current gear motor is motor I, according to engine speed and vehicle speed data, ECU control is worked as
The decline of front motor I revolving speed, motor II respective notch combined cover combine, and when revolving speed is lower than setting value, ECU controls motor II gradually
It is added and is driven with electric model, motor I then gradually exits driving；Continue to decline with speed, motor II revolving speed reaches setting
Value, motor I correspond to the combination of low-grade location combined cover, and motor I is gradually added driving with electric model, and motor II is then gradually exited；With
Motor I revolving speed be lower than setting value, motor II revolving speed be in counter-rotated condition, and motor II is with dynamic brake mode for ECU control
Operation is gradually added, and motor I is then gradually out of service.Motor II revolving speed reaches setting value, motor I with dynamic brake mode gradually
It is added, motor II is then gradually exited, and completes downshift control.
Above specific embodiment is only the preferred embodiment of this creation, all in this wound not to limit this creation
Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done within the spirit and principle of work, should be included in this creation protection scope it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system, it is characterised in that: including engine crankshaft, gearbox body,
It is contained in the intracorporal transmission input shaft of gearbox, generator, shift motor I, planetary gear train I, odd number shelves driving gear, the sun
Take turns input shaft, shift motor II, planetary gear train II, even gear driving gear, gear distributing shaft I, gear distributing shaft II and final
Output shaft and power battery；Wherein, one end of the engine crankshaft extends into gearbox body, connects and drives power generation
Machine；The generator connects transmission input shaft by spline；The transmission input shaft connects and drives planetary gear train I and row
Star wheel series II；The planetary gear train I is separately connected and drives shift motor I and odd number shelves driving gear；The planetary gear train II
It is separately connected and drives shift motor II and even gear driving gear；The odd number shelves driving gear connection and drive bit allocation
Axis I；The even gear driving gear connection and drive bit allocation axis II；The gear distributing shaft I and gear distributing shaft II energy
Respectively drive final output axis；The generator, shift motor I and shift motor II are respectively and electrically connected to power battery.
2. automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the generator packet
Include starting/generator rotor and starting/generator stator winding；The starting/generator rotor is connected with engine crankshaft,
It can be driven and be generated electricity by engine crankshaft, or driven engine crankshaft rotation and start engine；The starting/generator stator
Winding is installed in gearbox body, and set is on the outside of starting/power generation rotor.
3. automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the planetary gear train
It include outer gear ring, planet carrier and sun gear in I and planetary gear train II；The external tooth of the planetary gear train I and planetary gear train II
Circle is driven by transmission input shaft is synchronous；The outer gear ring, planet carrier and sun gear are successively driven.
4. automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the shift motor
I is made of shift motor I stator winding and shift motor I rotor, the sun gear of the shift motor I rotor and planetary gear train I
Connection, and by sun wheel drive.
5. automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the shift motor
II is made of shift motor II stator winding and shift motor II rotor, and the shift motor II rotor and sun gear input shaft connect
It connects, sun gear inputs the sun gear of axis connection planetary gear train II, and by sun wheel drive.
6. automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the planet carrier point
It does not connect and drives odd number shelves driving gear and even gear driving gear；The odd number shelves driving gear and even gear driving gear
Shift combined cover is respectively equipped on axis.
7. automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the gearbox is defeated
Enter and an one-way clutch is installed on axis.
8. automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the gearbox body
It is inside further articulated with a reverse gear shaft, the gear distributing shaft II, reverse gear shaft and final output axis are successively passed by reverse gear
It is dynamic.
9. automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the power battery
One control protective loop of connection and an ECU, the ECU pass through control protective loop control power battery, generator, shift motor
I and shift motor II；The control protective loop includes several insulated gate bipolar transistors.
10. a kind of automobile-used three electric machine mixed powers variable speed drive system using as described in claim 1 to 9 any one
Control method, it is characterised in that:
1) upshift shift: when driving with motor-powered vehicle, ECU controls shift motor I with the starting of dynamic brake mode operation；
When reaching critical speed, motor II is gradually added with dynamic brake mode operation, and motor I then gradually exits dynamic brake mould
Formula；When motor II reaches critical speed, motor I is gradually added with positive electric model, and motor II then gradually exits dynamic brake
Mode；Subsequent two motors are alternately performed upshift shift driving with the operation of positive electric model, until reaching setting gear.
2) downshift shift: according to engine speed and vehicle speed data, ECU controls the decline of current motor I revolving speed, and motor II corresponds to shelves
Position combined cover combine, when revolving speed be lower than setting value when, ECU control motor II gradually with electric model be added drive, motor I then by
Step exits driving；Continuing to decline with speed, motor II revolving speed reaches setting value, and motor I corresponds to the combination of low-grade location combined cover,
Motor I is gradually added driving with electric model, and motor II is then gradually exited；As motor I revolving speed is lower than setting value, motor II turns
Speed is in counter-rotated condition, and ECU control motor II is gradually added with dynamic brake mode operation, and motor I then gradually exits fortune
Row；Motor II revolving speed reaches setting value, and motor I is gradually added with dynamic brake mode, and motor II is then gradually exited, and completes downshift
Control.
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