CN109822466B - High-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond and application thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109822466B CN109822466B CN201910305597.3A CN201910305597A CN109822466B CN 109822466 B CN109822466 B CN 109822466B CN 201910305597 A CN201910305597 A CN 201910305597A CN 109822466 B CN109822466 B CN 109822466B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength and high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond and application thereof, wherein the high-strength and high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond comprises the following steps: mixed dioxygenSilicon oxide, boron trioxide, aluminum oxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, barium oxide and titanium dioxide to obtain a batch; heating the batch to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-9 ℃/min; then heating to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-6 ℃/min; then heating to 1450 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min; then preserving the heat; then adding SG grinding material, and continuously keeping the temperature to obtain a molten liquid; and (3) carrying out wet grinding on the melt after water quenching, and then sieving the melt through a 200-mesh sieve after drying, crushing and dry grinding to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond. The invention uses microcrystal to toughen and Al2O3The preparation method of the ceramic bond is improved by taking the network intermediate reinforced glass network structure as a theoretical basis, and the obtained ceramic bond has the characteristics of high strength and good toughness, and meets the preparation and use requirements of CBN grinding wheels.
Description
The invention relates to a high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond, a preparation method and application thereof, and a divisional application with the application number of 2017103937274 and the application date of 2017, 5 and 27, which is the technical part of a product.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of grinding wheel ceramic binders, and particularly relates to a high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic binder and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The CBN grinding wheel mainly comprises a resin bond CBN grinding wheel, a metal bond CBN grinding wheel and a ceramic bond CBN grinding wheel. Because of the characteristics of the CBN grinding material (high hardness, good toughness, good wear resistance, good thermal stability and non-siderophilic property), the CBN grinding wheel becomes an ideal tool for grinding and processing ferrous materials, hard alloys and powder pieces, and has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision, good roughness, less consumption of grinding tools, long service life and improvement of labor conditions. With the development of modern industry and science and technology, the CBN grinding wheel is increasingly widely applied, and particularly shows better cutting and grinding performances in the processing of metal workpieces (such as pistons, cylinder covers, cylinders, universal joints, bearings, sliding sheets and the like) with high iron content, the production scale of the CBN grinding wheel is gradually enlarged, and the CBN grinding wheel shows good market development prospect.
The bonding agents used for preparing the CBN grinding wheel mainly comprise three types, namely a resin bonding agent, a ceramic bonding agent and a metal bonding agent. At present, resin bond grinding wheels and metal bond grinding wheels are the most common and widely applied in domestic and foreign markets, but the resin bond grinding wheels have poor heat resistance, water resistance and aging resistance, so that the durability of the resin bond grinding wheels is poor, the grinding wheels have low processing efficiency and large abrasion, the dressing and replacement are frequent, the size dispersion degree of processed workpieces is large, the quality of processed cutters is unstable, meanwhile, the metal bond CBN grinding wheels have compact structure, difficult dressing and few air holes in the grinding tools, the grinding wheels have poor self-sharpening performance and poor sharpness in the grinding processing process, are easy to block and generate heat, and are easy to generate physical damages such as impact, burn and the like to the workpieces. At present, the demand of the vitrified bond grinding wheel in domestic market is large, most of the vitrified bond grinding wheels meet the industrial production demand by means of foreign import, and meanwhile, compared with foreign products, the performance index of the domestic vitrified bond grinding wheel still has a space for greatly improving the development technology of the vitrified bond.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond and a preparation method thereof. The ceramic bond CBN grinding wheel prepared by the method has the characteristics of high strength and high toughness, and can be used for preparing CBN grinding wheels.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing silicon dioxide, boron trioxide, aluminum oxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, barium oxide and titanium dioxide to obtain a batch;
(2) heating the batch in the step (1) to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-9 ℃/min; then heating to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-6 ℃/min; then heating to 1450 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min; then preserving the heat; then adding SG grinding material, and continuously keeping the temperature to obtain a molten liquid;
(3) and (3) carrying out water quenching on the molten liquid obtained in the step (2), carrying out wet grinding, drying, crushing, dry grinding, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond.
In the technical scheme, in the step (1), the mass ratio of silicon dioxide, boron trioxide, aluminum oxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, barium oxide and titanium dioxide is (48-75): (5-30): (3-15): (1-8): (2-11): (0.8-4): (0.8-3.5): 0.8-6).
In the technical scheme, in the step (2), the using amount of the SG abrasive is 1% of the mass of the batch mixture; the grain size of the SG abrasive is smaller than 320 meshes, the invention limits the grain size of the SG abrasive, so that the reaction process of the SG abrasive and high-temperature melt is controlled, and the final damage to the structure and the performance uniformity of the bonding agent is avoided.
In the technical scheme, in the step (2), the heat preservation time is 1 hour, so that the molten liquid is fully homogenized at high temperature; the continuous heat preservation time is 1 hour, so as to ensure the fusion bonding of the single grain part of the SG abrasive material and the high-temperature melt; the invention limits the heat preservation time to avoid the SG abrasive material from being completely melted in the high-temperature melt, and the invention has no optimal effect of improving the strength of the bonding agent.
The invention also discloses the grinding wheel ceramic bond prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond. And the application of the ceramic bond of the grinding wheel in the preparation of the grinding wheel; the ceramic bond disclosed by the invention is particularly suitable for preparing a CBN grinding wheel.
The invention further discloses a CBN grinding wheel, which is prepared by grinding materials and the grinding wheel ceramic bond; the abrasive material comprises CBN abrasive material.
In the technical scheme, the sintering temperature is 920-1000 ℃ when the grinding wheel is prepared.
The invention carries out ingredient calculation according to the content of the oxide components, and introduces various oxides by using mineral raw materials and chemical raw materials respectivelyWeighing and mixing to obtain a batch; toughening with microcrystals and Al2O3The ceramic bond is used as a network intermediate for reinforcing a glass network structure and improving the ceramic bond, has the characteristics of high strength and good toughness, and meets the requirements of the preparation and use of the CBN grinding wheel.
The method comprises the steps of melting batch materials in a high-temperature furnace, and heating at the temperature of 6-9 ℃/min before 600 ℃; heating at 600-1200 ℃ at 3-6 ℃/min; heating at 1200-1450 deg.c at 2-3 deg.c/min; after the heat preservation time is 1 hour at 1450 ℃, 320-mesh SG abrasive (the mass ratio of the SG abrasive to the batch is 1: 100) is continuously added into the melt, and the heat preservation is continuously carried out for 1 hour for clarification and homogenization. The process has the characteristics of strong operability and good stability, and is beneficial to producing the ceramic bonding agent with stable and reliable structure and performance; in particular, the invention limits the melting process, which is not only beneficial to the fusion and permeation among the components, but also the prepared ceramic bond has the characteristics of high hardness, good temperature resistance, good self-sharpening property, sharpness and the like, so that the service life and the processing efficiency of the trimming wheel can be greatly improved without frequently replacing the trimming wheel.
The invention is that the melt is put into a ball mill for wet milling after water quenching, and then put into a drying oven for drying, crushing and dry milling, and then is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the required powder, namely the ceramic bond. The wet grinding process adopted by the method is beneficial to manufacturing ceramic bond powder with concentrated particle size distribution and controllable particle size shape and size.
The ceramic bonding agent provided by the invention has the advantages of stable, simple, scientific and controllable production process, effective saving of production cost and stable product quality.
The ceramic bonding agent prepared by the method has uniform and concentrated particle size distribution, the sintering temperature is 920-1000 ℃, the flexural strength of the sintered ceramic bonding agent is more than 100MPa, and the thermal expansion coefficient is 5.5-6.5 multiplied by 10-6High strength, strong holding power, good toughness and the like.
In the ceramic bonding agent prepared by the method, silicon dioxide mainly provides a main framework consisting of silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons for the ceramic bonding agent; titanium oxide and lithium oxide are used as crystal nucleus agents; because zinc oxide and SG abrasive are added into the basic raw material subsequently, the specific surface area, namely the surface activation energy, of the whole powder is increased, thereby reducing the sintering temperature, namely the refractoriness, of the ceramic bond, enhancing the strength of the ceramic bond, and overcoming the problem that the refractoriness of the ceramic bond is improved while the strength of the ceramic bond is increased in the prior art; according to the invention, the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic bond can be reduced through the proportion of silicon dioxide, boron oxide, barium oxide and lithium oxide, so that the thermal expansion coefficients of the sintered ceramic bond and the abrasive are matched; the invention has reasonable proportion of each component, is beneficial to fully and uniformly mixing, can fully participate in the reaction in the sintering process of manufacturing the grinding tool in the future and improves the reaction uniformity of the ceramic bond of each part of the grinding tool.
The ceramic bond prepared by the invention is particularly suitable for preparing a CBN grinding wheel; the ceramic bond CBN grinding wheel prepared by the method has controllable air holes, is beneficial to cooling and chip removal, is not easy to block during grinding, is not easy to burn workpieces, has better self-sharpening property, good shape retentivity of the grinding wheel, is easy to repair and has longer dressing interval.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the contents of the present invention and compare with the existing mature products.
Example one
A method for preparing a high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond comprises the following steps:
1) selecting raw materials: the basic composition ranges of the ceramic binders used in the present invention are shown in table 1:
the components in the table 1 are used for proportioning calculation, various oxides (the purity is more than 99%) are respectively introduced by mineral raw materials and chemical raw materials, and the raw materials are weighed and mixed to obtain the batch. The raw material recipe is shown in table 2.
2) Melting the batch in the step 1) in a high-temperature furnace, and heating at 6 ℃/min before 600 ℃; heating at 600-1200 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min; heating at 1200-1450 deg.c in 3 deg.c/min; after the heat preservation time is 1 hour at 1450 ℃, uniformly adding 320-mesh SG abrasive (the mass ratio of the SG abrasive to the batch in the step 1) into the melt, and continuously preserving the heat for 1 hour for clarification and homogenization.
3) Water quenching the melt obtained in the step 2), putting the melt into a ball mill for wet grinding, putting the ball mill into an oven for drying, crushing and dry grinding, and sieving the powder with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the required powder serving as the ceramic binder.
The ceramic bond has the best sintering temperature of about 980 ℃ and the thermal expansion coefficient of about 6.5 multiplied by 10-6The bending strength is about 126MPa, the bonding agent strength is high, and the holding force performance is better.
Mixing the bonding agent and the CBN abrasive material, sintering at 980 ℃ to prepare the CBN inner circle grinding wheel, wherein the grinding wheel is provided with controllable air holes, so that cooling and chip removal are facilitated, the blockage is not easy to occur during grinding, a workpiece is not easy to burn, the self-sharpening performance is good, the trimming is easy, and the trimming interval is long; when the ceramic bond is applied to a ceramic bond CBN inner circle grinding wheel for processing a compressor air conditioner piston product, the processing quality is stable, and ten thousand products are processed without flaws; the dressing interval is improved by 48 percent, and the processing life is improved by 48 percent.
If no SG abrasive is added, the coefficient of thermal expansion is about 7.5X 10-6The bending strength is about 83MPa, the strength of the prepared grinding wheel is poor, and the grinding wheel is easy to desalt and has abnormal processing quality when the processing linear velocity is high.
Example two
A method for preparing a high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond comprises the following steps:
1) selecting raw materials: the basic composition ranges of the ceramic binders used in the present invention are shown in table 2:
the ingredients in the table 2 were mixed, and the mineral raw materials and the chemical raw materials were used to introduce various oxides, and the mixed materials were weighed and mixed to obtain the batch.
2) Melting the batch in the step 1) in a high-temperature furnace, and heating at 6 ℃/min before 600 ℃; heating at 600-1200 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min; heating at 1200-1450 deg.c in 3 deg.c/min; after the heat preservation time is 1 hour at 1450 ℃, uniformly adding 320-mesh SG abrasive (the mass ratio of the SG abrasive to the batch in the step 1) into the melt, and continuously preserving the heat for 1 hour for clarification and homogenization.
3) Water quenching the melt obtained in the step 2), putting the melt into a ball mill for wet grinding, putting the ball mill into an oven for drying, crushing and dry grinding, and sieving the powder with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the required powder serving as the ceramic binder.
For the performance test of the ceramic bond of the invention, the optimal sintering temperature is about 960 ℃, and the thermal expansion coefficient is about 6.1 multiplied by 10-6The bending strength is about 117MPa, the bonding agent strength is high, and the holding force performance is better. Mixing the bonding agent and the CBN abrasive material, sintering at 960 ℃ to prepare the CBN inner circle grinding wheel, wherein the grinding wheel is provided with controllable air holes, so that cooling and chip removal are facilitated, the blockage is not easy to occur during grinding, a workpiece is not easy to burn, the self-sharpening performance is good, the trimming is easy, and the trimming interval is long; when the ceramic bond is applied to a ceramic bond CBN inner circle grinding wheel for processing compressor air conditioner cylinder products, the processing quality is stable, and ten thousand products are processed without flaws; the trimming interval is improved by 40 percent, and the processing life is improved by 40 percent.
If no SG abrasive is added, the coefficient of thermal expansion is about 7.2X 10-6The bending strength is about 75MPa per DEG C, the strength of the prepared grinding wheel is poor, and the grinding wheel is easy to desalt and has abnormal processing quality when the processing linear velocity is high.
EXAMPLE III
A method for preparing a high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond comprises the following steps:
1) selecting raw materials: the basic composition range of the ceramic binder used in the present invention is shown in table 3:
the ingredients in table 3 were mixed, and the mineral raw materials and the chemical raw materials were used to introduce various oxides, and the mixed materials were weighed and mixed to obtain a batch.
2) Melting the batch in the step 1) in a high-temperature furnace, and heating at 6 ℃/min before 600 ℃; heating at 600-1200 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min; heating at 1200-1450 deg.c in 3 deg.c/min; after the heat preservation time is 1 hour at 1450 ℃, uniformly adding 320-mesh SG abrasive (the mass ratio of the SG abrasive to the batch in the step 1) into the melt, and continuously preserving the heat for 1 hour for clarification and homogenization.
3) Water quenching the melt obtained in the step 2), putting the melt into a ball mill for wet grinding, putting the ball mill into an oven for drying, crushing and dry grinding, and sieving the powder with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the required powder serving as the ceramic binder.
For the performance test of the ceramic bond of the invention, the optimal sintering temperature is about 930 ℃, and the thermal expansion coefficient is about 5.6 multiplied by 10-6The bending strength is about 108MPa, the strength of the bonding agent is high, and the holding force performance is good. Mixing the bonding agent and the CBN abrasive material, sintering at 930 ℃ to prepare the CBN inner circle grinding wheel, wherein the grinding wheel is provided with controllable air holes, so that cooling and chip removal are facilitated, the blockage and burn of a workpiece are avoided during grinding, the self-sharpening performance is good, the trimming is easy, and the trimming interval is long; when the ceramic bond is applied to a ceramic bond CBN inner circle grinding wheel for processing a compressor air conditioner cylinder cover product, the processing quality is stable, and ten thousand products are processed without flaws; the trimming interval is improved by 35 percent, and the processing life is prolonged by 35 percent.
If no SG abrasive is added, the coefficient of thermal expansion is about 7.1X 10-6The bending strength is about 71MPa per DEG C, the strength of the prepared grinding wheel is poor, and the grinding wheel is easy to desalt and has abnormal processing quality when the processing linear velocity is high.
Claims (5)
1. The high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond is characterized in that the preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing silicon dioxide, boron trioxide, aluminum oxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, barium oxide and titanium dioxide to obtain a batch; the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide to the diboron trioxide to the aluminum oxide to the lithium oxide to the sodium oxide to the calcium oxide to the zinc oxide to the barium oxide to the titanium dioxide is (48-75) to (5-30) to (3-15) to (1-8) to (2-11) to (0.8-4) to (0.8-3.5) to (0.8-6);
(2) heating the batch in the step (1) to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-9 ℃/min; then heating to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-6 ℃/min; then heating to 1450 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min; then preserving the heat; then adding SG grinding material, and continuously keeping the temperature to obtain a molten liquid; the using amount of the SG grinding material is 1 percent of the mass of the batch mixture; the grain size of the SG abrasive is smaller than 320 meshes;
(3) and (3) carrying out water quenching on the molten liquid obtained in the step (2), carrying out wet grinding, drying, crushing, dry grinding, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond.
2. The high-strength high-toughness grinding wheel vitrified bond of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the holding time is 1 hour; the incubation time was continued for 1 hour.
3. Use of the grinding wheel vitrified bond of claim 1 in the manufacture of a grinding wheel.
4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that the grinding wheel is a CBN grinding wheel.
5. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that the sintering temperature is 920-1000 ℃ during the preparation of the grinding wheel.
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| CN201910305597.3A CN109822466B (en) | 2017-05-27 | 2017-05-27 | High-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond and application thereof |
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| CN201710393727.4A CN107053022B (en) | 2017-05-27 | 2017-05-27 | A kind of high-intensity and high-tenacity wheel ceramic bonding agent and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN201910305597.3A CN109822466B (en) | 2017-05-27 | 2017-05-27 | High-strength high-toughness grinding wheel ceramic bond and application thereof |
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| CN107971937A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-01 | 沈阳中科超硬磨具磨削研究所 | A kind of vitrified CBN wheel bonding agent for harmonic reducer of robot |
| CN109465757A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-15 | 广东奔朗新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of vitrified bond and preparation method thereof and the application in CBN grinding wheel |
| CN111002235B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-12-14 | 江苏锋芒复合材料科技集团有限公司 | Preparation method of novel polymeric abrasive |
| CN113635226B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2022-11-29 | 江苏赛扬精工科技有限责任公司 | Ceramic internal grinding wheel grinding complex, double-layer grinding wheel and preparation method |
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| JP2004291218A (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-21 | Kurenooton Kk | Metal bond wheel |
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| CN1063437A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-08-12 | 辛辛那提米勒克朗公司 | Make the method and the prepared emery wheel of vitrified bonded grinding wheel |
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| CN107053022B (en) | 2019-05-10 |
| CN107053022A (en) | 2017-08-18 |
| CN109822466A (en) | 2019-05-31 |
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