CN109821823B - CO2 laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method - Google Patents
CO2 laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
CO (carbon monoxide)2The invention discloses a laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method, relates to the field of material processing engineering, and aims to solve the problem of CO2The laser cleaning easily generates heat influence on a base material and has low nanosecond laser cleaning efficiency, and the invention uses CO2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is to mix CO according to certain space-time relationship and energy ratio2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser are compounded, and the compounded laser is used for cleaning, so that CO is fully exerted2The advantages of laser and nanosecond pulse laser cleaning are that the cleaning efficiency is improved, the heat influence on the base material is reduced as much as possible, the required energy consumption is reduced by utilizing the composite effect generated by compounding the two lasers, and a more uniform cleaning effect is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material processing engineering, in particular to a method for removing CO of a multilayer composite coating2A laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method.
Background
After the airplane is used for a period of time, the surface of the airplane can be damaged by falling off, cracking, aging and the like of the surface coating due to external force, space radiation, various air flow scouring and the like, so that the airplane coating needs to be maintained regularly, and the original coating needs to be removed during maintenance. The cleaning processes currently in use mainly include solvent, mechanical and sand blasting paint removal. Solvent stripping is rapid, but is toxic, polluting, high in consumption and very costly. Meanwhile, damage is easily caused to the composite material part. The mechanical paint removal is performed by utilizing the traditional manual polishing, and the method has low efficiency, long time consumption and low precision and is easy to cause material damage. The sandblasting paint removal easily causes substrate damage and has poor working environment.
In 1969, the Laser Cleaning (Laser Cleaning) concept was first proposed by s.m. beamair and harold p.smith.jr of the space science laboratory and nuclear engineering system of the university of california university, berkeley, usa, and since 1974 j.a.fox performed surface coating removal work on resin, glass, and metal substrates, the Laser paint removal technique had received extensive attention and research from researchers. With the advancement of laser technology and the reduction in laser cost, the technology has been successfully applied to clean coatings on F-16 warplanes. Compared with the traditional surface cleaning method, the laser cleaning method has the following advantages:
(1) the method has no direct contact with the base material, can be accurately controlled, and can avoid damaging the base material by regulating and controlling process parameters;
(2) the laser has good directionality, can irradiate any surface of a workpiece, and can realize all-around cleaning;
(3) the laser cleaning equipment can be combined with an automatic system, so that the automation is easy to realize;
(4) the surface of the base material can be subjected to heat treatment to a certain degree in the rust removing process, so that the appearance and the performance of the surface are improved;
(5) the laser focusing performance is good, and the cleaning part can be accurately controlled;
(6) no extra pollutant is generated in the cleaning process, and the cleaning agent is green and environment-friendly;
(7) only electric energy is consumed, and the cost is lower.
At present, CO2Both laser and fiber laser can be used for laser cleaning. CO22The laser pulse frequency is low, the average power is high, the heat input is high, the cleaning efficiency is high, and due to the advantages, the Japanese space aviation research and development organization leads CO2And the laser is applied to remove the primer and the finish on the surface of the CFRP material. But due to the high heat input, CO2Laser easily generates heat influence on the surface of a base material, so that the base material generates heat stress and heat deformation, and even damages the base material.
The nanosecond pulse laser has high pulse frequency, small heat input, small heat diffusion depth, and almost no change of the temperature of the base material in the cleaning process, so that the base material cannot be damaged. A. uccello et al, milan university, italy, has applied nanosecond pulsed Nd: YAG laser is used for cleaning a carbon-polluted rhodium film layer on the surface of a first batch of mirrors in a Thomak device in the field of nuclear power. But in contrast to CO2Laser, nanosecond pulse laser has low efficiency and discomfortFor removing the thicker film layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is to aim at CO2The laser cleaning is easy to generate heat influence on the base material and the nanosecond laser cleaning efficiency is low, so that a CO is provided2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method has the advantages of fully playing the advantages of the two methods, improving the cleaning efficiency and reducing the damage to the base material.
In order to improve the laser paint removal efficiency and reduce the heat effect generated on the surface of the base material in the laser paint removal process, the two lasers can be used in a combined mode in the cleaning process so as to give full play to respective advantages, and the heat effect generated on the base material in the cleaning process is avoided while the cleaning efficiency is improved.
One kind of CO of the present invention2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, mixing CO2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged on the robot, and CO is removed2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
nanosecond pulse laser parameters: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-5J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, keeping CO2The laser is in front, the nanosecond pulse laser is behind, and the distance between the nanosecond pulse laser and the nanosecond pulse laser is 1-7 mm; turn on CO2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser, and CO is driven by robot2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the nanosecond pulse laser scans back and forth along the y direction at the same time until the coating is removed; wherein the scanning speed v of the nanosecond pulse laser along the y directiony2-10 m/s; nanosecond pulse laser scans distance and CO along y direction2The width of the laser spot is the same.
One kind of CO of the present invention2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is carried out according to the following steps:
first, according to nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head, CO2The order of the laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulsed laser cleaning head was to mount three laser heads on the robot and CO was to be supplied2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
the parameters of the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are as follows: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-1J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, setting up CO2Nanosecond pulse laser in front of laser and distance D between the laser and the nanosecond pulse laser11-2 mm; rear nanosecond pulsed laser and CO2Laser interval D23-5 mm; CO is driven by a robot2The laser and the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser scan back and forth along the y direction at the same time until the coating is removed; wherein, the scanning speed v of two beams of nanosecond pulse laser in the y directionyAll of which are 2 to 10 m/s.
One kind of CO of the present invention2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, mixing CO2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged on the robot, and CO is removed2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed is highDegree VCO2100-1000 mm/s;
nanosecond pulse laser parameters: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-5J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, keeping CO2The laser is in front, the nanosecond pulse laser is behind, and the distance between the nanosecond pulse laser and the nanosecond pulse laser is 1-7 mm; turn on CO2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser, and CO is driven by robot2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the nanosecond pulse laser scans along the Y direction at the same time, wherein the scanning speed vy0.5-10 m/s, and the scanning path length is equal to CO2The width of the rectangular light spot is that after one scanning is finished, the nanosecond pulse laser translates 0.75-1 mm towards the advancing direction until the coating is removed; wherein the average speed v of the nanosecond pulse laser along the X directionxIs equal to vCO2。
One kind of CO of the present invention2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is carried out according to the following steps:
first, according to nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head, CO2The order of the laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulsed laser cleaning head was to mount three laser heads on the robot and CO was to be supplied2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
the parameters of the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are as follows: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-1J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, setting up CO2Nanosecond pulse laser in front of laser and distance D between the laser and the nanosecond pulse laser11-2 mm; rear nanosecond pulsed laser and CO2Laser interval D23-5 mm; driven by a robotCO2The laser and two beams of nanosecond pulse laser advance along X direction at the same speed, and the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser scan along Y direction at the same time, and the scanning speed v isyAll are 0.5-10 m/s, and the scanning path lengths are all equal to CO2The width of the rectangular light spot is that after one scanning is finished, two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are translated by 0.75-1 mm towards the advancing direction until the coating is removed; wherein, the average speed v of the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser along the X directionxAre all equal to vCO2。
CO of the invention2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is to mix CO according to certain space-time relationship and energy ratio2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser are combined, and cleaning is performed by the combined laser, as shown in fig. 1. The invention aims to fully exert CO2The advantages of laser and nanosecond pulse laser cleaning are that the cleaning efficiency is improved, and the heat influence on the base material is reduced as much as possible.
The laser type related to the invention is CO2Laser, solid Nd: YAG laser and fiber laser, CO2The laser may be either continuous or pulsed, nanosecond pulsed lasers consisting of a solid Nd: YAG laser or fiber laser. The method is suitable for removing oxide coatings, nitride coatings, carbide coatings, polymer coatings and composite coatings with the thickness of 0.1-3 mm.
In CO2CO in the process of laser/nanosecond pulsed laser composite paint removal2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser act on the workpiece, and CO is firstly utilized2And thinning the multilayer composite coating to 100-500 mu m by using laser, and removing the coating close to the surface of the base material by using nanosecond pulse laser.
CO2The laser can be continuous CO2Laser or pulsed CO2Laser for the above two COs2The average power of the laser is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed v isCO2100-1000 mm/s; for CO2The pulse laser has the pulse frequency of 1-50 Hz.
The nanosecond pulse laser can be Nd: YA (Yam acrylic acid)G nanosecond pulse laser or nanosecond pulse fiber laser, for the two kinds of nanosecond pulse laser, the pulse frequency should be 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is generally 10-100 ns, and the energy density is generally 0.5-5J/cm2The spot diameter d is 0.02-1 mm, and the scanning speed can be 0.5-10 m/s.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
1. two laser beams simultaneously act on the workpiece, as shown in FIG. 2, the distance D between the two laser beams is 1-7 mm, and CO is2The nanosecond pulse laser is arranged at the front and at the back, the nanosecond pulse laser scans along the Y direction, and the scanning speed vy0.5-10 m/s, and the scanning path length is equal to CO2The width W of the rectangular light spot is that after one scanning is finished, the nanosecond pulse laser translates to the advancing direction by a distance of 0.75-1 d, and the average speed v of the nanosecond pulse laser along the X directionxShould be equal to vCO2To ensure that D remains within the proper range. Selecting proper CO according to the thickness of the coating2And (3) laser power, thinning the coating to 100-500 mu m, and removing the thinned coating by using the subsequent nanosecond pulse laser.
2. Two beams of laser are simultaneously acted on the workpiece, as shown in figure 3, the distance D is 1-7 mm, and CO is2Laser front, nanosecond pulse laser back, nanosecond pulse laser and CO2The laser advances in the X direction at the same speed, and the nanosecond pulse laser scans back and forth in the y direction, and the speed component v in the y directiony2-10 m/s, and selecting proper CO according to the thickness of the coating2And (3) laser power, thinning the coating to 100-500 mu m, and removing the thinned coating by using the subsequent nanosecond pulse laser.
3. Using three lasers simultaneously acting on the workpiece, as shown in FIG. 4, CO2Nanosecond pulsed laser and CO in front of the laser2 Laser interval D 11 to 2mm, and the laser energy density should be 0.5 to 1J/cm2Rear nanosecond pulsed laser with CO2Laser interval D2Is 3-5 mm. The two nanosecond pulse lasers have the same scanning speed and can move in the mode shown in figure 2 or in the mode shown in figure 3. Preheating the paint layer by leading pulse laser to reduce the removal threshold valueSuitable CO2And (3) thinning the paint layer to 100-500 mu m by using laser power, and removing the thinned paint layer by using the subsequent nanosecond pulse laser.
Compared with the existing coating removal mode, the method has the following advantages:
1.CO2when the laser is in front, the temperature of the surface of the residual coating is raised while the coating is thinned, the absorption rate of the surface of the coating to the pulse laser immediately behind the coating is improved, the coating removal threshold is reduced, the laser energy required by the same cleaning effect is greatly reduced, the energy utilization rate is improved, and the cost is saved. CO 2.CO2Laser plays even preheating effect to remaining coating, reduces coating intensity and the cohesion between its and the substrate, makes it get rid of more easily under the impact force and the thermal vibration effect that pulse laser produced to enlarge pulse laser's influence area, made the coating on substrate surface get rid of the effect more even, effectively avoided the coating of pulse laser facula clearance department to remain. CO 32The laser heat input is high, a thicker coating can be quickly removed at a higher scanning speed, and the cleaning efficiency is improved. 4. The nanosecond pulse laser heat input is small, the nanosecond pulse laser heat input is used for removing a coating close to the surface of the base material, and the temperature of the surface of the base material can be kept low in the process of removing surface pollutants. The heat input to the surface of the base material is low, and the heat influence on the surface of the base material is effectively avoided. 5. No new pollutant is generated in the cleaning process, the cleaning process is green and environment-friendly, the cleaning process is easy to control, and the laser parameters are accurate and adjustable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows CO2A laser/nanosecond pulsed laser composite cleaning schematic diagram; wherein, 1-CO2The method comprises the following steps of (1) laser, a 2-reflector, a 3-focusing lens, a 4-scanning galvanometer, 5-nanosecond pulse laser, a 6-field lens, a 7-coating and an 8-substrate;
FIG. 2 shows CO2A first laser/nanosecond pulse laser compound mode; wherein, 1-CO2A laser rectangular spot and a 2-nanosecond pulse laser spot;
FIG. 3 is CO2A laser/nanosecond pulse laser compound mode II; wherein, 1-CO2Laser rectangular spot, 2-nanosecond pulse laser spot；
FIG. 4 shows CO2A laser/nanosecond pulse laser compound mode III; wherein, 1-CO2A laser rectangular spot, a 2-nanosecond pulse laser spot and a 3-preposed nanosecond pulse laser spot;
FIG. 5 shows CO2A surface topography of the 2024Al alloy after laser cleaning;
FIG. 6 is a surface topography of 2024Al alloy after nanosecond pulsed laser cleaning;
FIG. 7 shows CO2The surface topography of the 2024Al alloy is subjected to step cleaning by laser/nanosecond pulse laser;
FIG. 8 shows CO2A 2024Al alloy surface topography map after laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning;
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: CO of the present embodiment2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, mixing CO2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged on the robot, and CO is removed2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
nanosecond pulse laser parameters: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-5J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, keeping CO2The laser is in front, the nanosecond pulse laser is behind, and the distance between the nanosecond pulse laser and the nanosecond pulse laser is 1-7 mm; turn on CO2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser, and CO is driven by robot2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the nanosecond pulse laser scans back and forth along the y direction at the same time until the coating is removed; wherein the scanning speed v of the nanosecond pulse laser along the y directiony2-10 m/s;nanosecond pulse laser scans distance and CO along y direction2The width of the laser spot is the same.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: CO22The laser is continuous CO2Laser or CO2Pulsed laser of which CO2The pulse frequency of the pulse laser is 1-50 Hz. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the nanosecond pulsed laser consists of a solid Nd: YAG laser or fiber laser. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: adjusting CO2And thinning the coating to be treated to 100-500 mu m by the laser power of the laser, and removing the thinned coating to be treated by nanosecond pulse laser. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the coating to be treated means: and the thickness of the coating is 0.1-3 mm, and the coating is an oxide coating, a nitride coating, a carbide coating, a polymer coating or a composite coating. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: this embodiment is a CO2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, mixing CO2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged on the robot, and CO is removed2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
nanosecond pulse laser parameters: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is0.5～5J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, keeping CO2The laser is in front, the nanosecond pulse laser is behind, and the distance between the nanosecond pulse laser and the nanosecond pulse laser is 1-7 mm; turn on CO2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser, and CO is driven by robot2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the nanosecond pulse laser scans along the Y direction at the same time, wherein the scanning speed vy0.5-10 m/s, and the scanning path length is equal to CO2The width of the rectangular light spot is that after one scanning is finished, the nanosecond pulse laser translates 0.75-1 mm towards the advancing direction until the coating is removed; wherein the average speed v of the nanosecond pulse laser along the X directionxIs equal to vCO2。
The seventh embodiment: the sixth embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that: CO22The laser is continuous CO2Laser or CO2Pulsed laser of which CO2The pulse frequency of the pulse laser is 1-50 Hz. The rest is the same as the sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the sixth embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that: the nanosecond pulsed laser consists of a solid Nd: YAG laser or fiber laser. The rest is the same as the sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: the sixth embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that: adjusting CO2And thinning the coating to be treated to 100-500 mu m by the laser power of the laser, and removing the thinned coating to be treated by nanosecond pulse laser. The rest is the same as the sixth embodiment.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the sixth embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that: the coating to be treated means: and the thickness of the coating is 0.1-3 mm, and the coating is an oxide coating, a nitride coating, a carbide coating, a polymer coating or a composite coating. The rest is the same as the sixth embodiment.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: CO of the present embodiment2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is carried out according to the following steps:
one-time nanosecond pulse laser cleaningHair washing, CO2The order of the laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulsed laser cleaning head was to mount three laser heads on the robot and CO was to be supplied2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
the parameters of the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are as follows: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-1J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, setting up CO2Nanosecond pulse laser in front of laser and distance D between the laser and the nanosecond pulse laser11-2 mm; rear nanosecond pulsed laser and CO2Laser interval D23-5 mm; CO is driven by a robot2The laser and the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser scan back and forth along the y direction at the same time until the coating is removed; wherein, the scanning velocity component v of two beams of nanosecond pulse laser in the y directionyAll are 2-10 m/s; nanosecond pulse laser scans distance and CO along y direction2The width of the laser spot is the same.
The specific implementation mode twelve: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: CO22The laser is continuous CO2Laser or CO2Pulsed laser of which CO2The pulse frequency of the pulse laser is 1-50 Hz. The rest is the same as the embodiment eleventh.
The specific implementation mode is thirteen: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the nanosecond pulsed laser consists of a solid Nd: YAG laser or fiber laser. The rest is the same as the embodiment eleventh.
The specific implementation mode is fourteen: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: adjusting CO2The laser power of the laser is reduced to 100-50% for thinning the coating to be treatedAnd (5) 0 μm, and removing the thinned coating to be treated by nanosecond pulse laser. Others are in conjunction with the detailed description.
The concrete implementation mode is fifteen: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the coating to be treated means: and the thickness of the coating is 0.1-3 mm, and the coating is an oxide coating, a nitride coating, a carbide coating, a polymer coating or a composite coating. The rest is the same as the embodiment eleventh.
The specific implementation mode is sixteen: CO of the present embodiment2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is carried out according to the following steps:
first, according to nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head, CO2The order of the laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulsed laser cleaning head was to mount three laser heads on the robot and CO was to be supplied2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
the parameters of the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are as follows: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-1J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, setting up CO2Nanosecond pulse laser in front of laser and distance D between the laser and the nanosecond pulse laser11-2 mm; rear nanosecond pulsed laser and CO2Laser interval D23-5 mm; CO is driven by a robot2The laser and two beams of nanosecond pulse laser advance along X direction at the same speed, and the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser scan along Y direction at the same time, and the scanning speed v isyAll are 0.5-10 m/s, and the scanning path lengths are all equal to CO2The width of the rectangular light spot is that after one scanning is finished, two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are translated by 0.75-1 mm towards the advancing direction until the coating is removed; wherein, the average speed v of the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser along the X directionxAre all equal to vCO2。
Seventeenth embodiment: this embodiment is sixteen different from the specific embodiment: CO22The laser is continuous CO2Laser or CO2Pulsed laser of which CO2The pulse frequency of the pulse laser is 1-50 Hz. The rest is the same as the embodiment sixteen.
The specific implementation mode is eighteen: this embodiment is sixteen different from the specific embodiment: the nanosecond pulsed laser consists of a solid Nd: YAG laser or fiber laser. The rest is the same as the embodiment sixteen.
The detailed embodiment is nineteen: this embodiment is sixteen different from the specific embodiment: adjusting CO2And thinning the coating to be treated to 100-500 mu m by the laser power of the laser, and removing the thinned coating to be treated by nanosecond pulse laser. The rest is the same as the embodiment.
The specific implementation mode twenty: this embodiment is sixteen different from the specific embodiment: the coating to be treated means: and the thickness of the coating is 0.1-3 mm, and the coating is an oxide coating, a nitride coating, a carbide coating, a polymer coating or a composite coating. The rest is the same as the embodiment sixteen.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and one or a combination of several embodiments may also achieve the object of the invention.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are demonstrated by the following examples:
examples 1 to 4 all treated the same coating of the 2024 aluminium alloy surface, example 1 treated using the protocol of the present invention and examples 2 to 4 were comparative examples for comparative analysis with the protocol of example 1.
Example 1
Coating 2024 aluminum alloy surface with CO2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method comprises the following specific operations:
firstly, mixing CO2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged on the robot, and CO is removed2Laser cleaning head andthe nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head is arranged above a coating to be treated (the coating mainly comprises epoxy paint and has the thickness of 0.8 mm);
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: by continuous CO2The laser power is 500W, the spot shape is rectangular, the length L is 3mm, the width W is 5mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2Is 500 mm/s;
nanosecond pulse laser parameters: the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the pulse width is 30ns, the laser power is 100W, and the spot diameter d is 960 μm;
thirdly, keeping CO2The laser is in front, the nanosecond pulse laser is behind, and the distance between the nanosecond pulse laser and the nanosecond pulse laser is 3 mm; turn on CO2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser, and CO is driven by robot2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the nanosecond pulse laser scans back and forth along the y direction at the same time until the coating is removed; wherein the velocity component v in the y-directionyIs 3 m/s; nanosecond pulse laser scans distance and CO along y direction2The width of the laser spot is the same.
The microscopic morphology of the surface of the sample after cleaning is shown in FIG. 8. it can be seen from FIG. 8 that the residual area of the coating on the surface of the sample after cleaning accounts for 1.3% and the roughness is 4.8 μm. Due to CO2The preheating effect of the laser reduces the binding force between the coating and the surface of the substrate, the surface coating is removed more thoroughly, the surface of the cleaned sample basically has no residual coating, the coating close to the surface is removed by nanosecond laser, the heat effect is small, the energy is easy to control, the substrate is not damaged, and compared with single laser cleaning and two laser step-by-step cleaning, the surface of the cleaned substrate is cleaner and smoother. Simultaneously, two lasers are compared for step-by-step cleaning, CO2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method effectively improves the utilization rate of energy and obtains better cleaning effect under lower power.
Example 2
This example, as a control example, uses continuous CO2The 2024 aluminum alloy surface coating is cleaned by laser (the main component of the coating is epoxy coating, the thickness is 0.8mm), and the laser power is 600W, the shape of the laser spot is rectangular, the length is 3mm, the width is 5mm, and the cleaning speed is 500 mm/s. The residual area percentage of the coating (as shown in FIG. 5) on the surface of the cleaned sample was 6.5%, and the roughness was 15.8. mu.m.
As can be seen in FIG. 5, the paint layer on the surface is substantially removed, but due to CO2Laser easily generates heat influence on the surface of a base material, technological parameters in the cleaning process are difficult to control accurately, the surface of the base material is damaged during cleaning, oxidation occurs, and a plurality of pits and cracks are left on the surface.
Example 3
In this embodiment, as a comparative example, a nanosecond fiber laser is used to clean a 2024 aluminum alloy surface coating (the coating mainly comprises an epoxy coating with a thickness of 0.8mm), the laser power is 100W, the spot diameter is 960 μm, the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the pulse width is 30ns, the scanning speed is 3000mm/s, and the scanning frequency is 5 times. The residual area ratio of the coating (shown in FIG. 6) on the surface of the cleaned sample is 8.7%, the roughness is 20.9 μm, and as can be seen from FIG. 6, a small amount of coating remains on the surface of the cleaned substrate after 5 times of scanning, and although the scanning speed is high, the spot size is far smaller than that of CO2The efficiency of laser cleaning is obviously lower.
Example 4
In this example, as a comparative example, CO was first used for the epoxy coating on the surface of 2024 aluminum alloy2Laser, cleaning with nanosecond pulse laser at interval of 1min, and CO2The laser power is 500W, the cleaning speed is 500mm/s, the shape of a laser spot is rectangular, the length is 3mm, and the width is 5 mm; nanosecond pulse laser power is 200W, the spot diameter is 960 μm, the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the pulse width is 30ns, the scanning speed is 3000mm/s, the surface micro-topography of the cleaned sample is shown in FIG. 7, the residual area of the coating accounts for 3.8%, and the roughness is 11.3 μm.
Example 5
Coating 2024 aluminum alloy surface with CO2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method comprises the following specific operations:
firstly, mixing CO2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged on the robot, and CO is removed2Laser cleanerThe hair washing head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above a coating to be treated (the main component of the coating is epoxy paint, and the thickness of the coating is 0.8 mm);
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: by continuous CO2The laser power is 500W, the spot shape is rectangular, the length L is 3mm, the width W is 5mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2Is 500 mm/s;
nanosecond pulse laser parameters: the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the pulse width is 30ns, the laser power is 100W, and the spot diameter d is 960 μm;
thirdly, keeping CO2The laser is in front, the nanosecond pulse laser is behind, and the distance between the nanosecond pulse laser and the nanosecond pulse laser is 3 mm; turn on CO2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser, and CO is driven by robot2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the nanosecond pulse laser scans along the Y direction at the same time, wherein the scanning speed vy3m/s, scan path length equal to CO2The width W of the rectangular light spot is that after one scanning is finished, the nanosecond pulse laser translates to the advancing direction by 0.75mm, and the average speed v of the nanosecond pulse laser along the X directionxShould be equal to vCO2To ensure that D remains within the proper range.
Compared with single laser cleaning and two kinds of laser step cleaning, the surface of the cleaned base material is cleaner and smoother. Simultaneously, two lasers are compared for step-by-step cleaning, CO2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method effectively improves the utilization rate of energy and obtains better cleaning effect under lower power. This is due to CO2The preheating effect of the laser reduces the binding force between the coating and the surface of the base material, the surface coating is removed more thoroughly, the surface of the cleaned sample basically has no residual coating, the coating close to the surface is removed by the nanosecond laser, the heat effect is small, the energy is easy to control, and no damage cause is caused to the base material.
Example 6
Coating 2024 aluminum alloy surface with CO2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method comprises the following specific operations:
firstly, mixing CO2The laser cleaning head and the two nanosecond pulse laser cleaning heads are arranged on the robot, and CO is removed2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above a coating to be treated (the coating mainly comprises epoxy paint and has the thickness of 0.8 mm);
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: by continuous CO2The laser power is 500W, the spot shape is rectangular, the length L is 3mm, the width W is 5mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2Is 500 mm/s;
nanosecond pulse laser parameters: the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the pulse width is 30ns, the laser power is 100W, and the spot diameter d is 960 μm;
thirdly, keeping CO2Nanosecond pulsed laser and CO in front of the laser2Laser interval D11mm, rear nanosecond pulsed laser and CO2Laser interval D2Is 3mm, and the laser energy density should be 0.5J/cm2(ii) a The distance between the two is 3 mm; turn on CO2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser, and CO is driven by robot2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, the nanosecond pulse laser scans along the Y direction at the same time, the scanning speeds of the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are the same, and the scanning speed v is the sameyAre all 3m/s, the scan path length is equal to CO2The width W of the rectangular light spot is that after one scanning is finished, the nanosecond pulse laser translates to the advancing direction by 0.75mm, and the average speed v of the nanosecond pulse laser along the X directionxShould be equal to vCO2To ensure that D remains within the proper range.
Compared with single laser cleaning and two kinds of laser step cleaning, the surface of the cleaned base material is cleaner and smoother. Simultaneously, two lasers are compared for step-by-step cleaning, CO2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method effectively improves the utilization rate of energy and obtains better cleaning effect under lower power. This is due to CO2The pre-heating effect of the laser reduces the binding force between the coating and the surface of the base material, the surface coating is removed more completely, and the cleaned sample surface basically has no residual coating and is close to the surfaceThe coating is removed by nanosecond laser, the heat effect is small, the energy is easy to control, and no damage to the base material is caused.
Example 7
Coating 2024 aluminum alloy surface with CO2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method comprises the following specific operations:
firstly, mixing CO2The laser cleaning head and the two nanosecond pulse laser cleaning heads are arranged on the robot, and CO is removed2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above a coating to be treated (the coating mainly comprises epoxy paint and has the thickness of 0.8 mm);
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: by continuous CO2The laser power is 500W, the spot shape is rectangular, the length L is 3mm, the width W is 5mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2Is 500 mm/s;
nanosecond pulse laser parameters: the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the pulse width is 30ns, the laser power is 100W, and the spot diameter d is 960 μm;
thirdly, keeping CO2Nanosecond pulsed laser and CO in front of the laser2Laser interval D11mm, rear nanosecond pulsed laser and CO2Laser interval D2Is 3mm, and the laser energy density should be 0.5J/cm2(ii) a The distance between the two is 3mm, and CO is started2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser, and CO is driven by robot2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the nanosecond pulse laser scans back and forth along the y direction at the same time until the coating is removed; wherein, the scanning speeds of the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are the same, and the speed component v in the y directionyAre all 3 m/s; nanosecond pulse laser scans distance and CO along y direction2The width of the laser spot is the same. Compared with single laser cleaning and two kinds of laser step cleaning, the surface of the cleaned base material is cleaner and smoother. Simultaneously, two lasers are compared for step-by-step cleaning, CO2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method effectively improves the utilization rate of energy and obtains better cleaning effect under lower power. This is due to CO2The preheating effect of the laser reduces the binding force between the coating and the surface of the base material, the surface coating is removed more thoroughly, the surface of the cleaned sample basically has no residual coating, the coating close to the surface is removed by the nanosecond laser, the heat effect is small, the energy is easy to control, and no damage cause is caused to the base material.
Claims (9)
1. CO (carbon monoxide)2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, mixing CO2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged on the robot, and CO is removed2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
nanosecond pulse laser parameters: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-5J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, keeping CO2The laser is in front, the nanosecond pulse laser is behind, and the distance between the nanosecond pulse laser and the nanosecond pulse laser is 1-7 mm; turn on CO2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser, and CO is driven by robot2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the nanosecond pulse laser scans back and forth along the y direction at the same time until the coating is removed; wherein the scanning velocity component v of the nanosecond pulse laser along the y directiony2-10 m/s; nanosecond pulse laser scans distance and CO along y direction2The widths of the laser light spots are the same; adjusting CO2And thinning the coating to be treated to 100-500 mu m by the laser power of the laser, and removing the thinned coating to be treated by nanosecond pulse laser.
2.CO according to claim 12Laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleanerThe washing method is characterized in that CO2The laser is continuous CO2Laser or CO2Pulsed laser of which CO2The pulse frequency of the pulse laser is 1-50 Hz.
3.CO according to claim 12The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is characterized in that nanosecond pulse laser is formed by mixing a solid Nd: YAG laser or fiber laser.
4. CO according to claim 12The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is characterized in that a coating to be treated refers to the following steps: and the thickness of the coating is 0.1-3 mm, and the coating is an oxide coating, a nitride coating, a carbide coating, a polymer coating or a composite coating.
5. CO (carbon monoxide)2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, mixing CO2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged on the robot, and CO is removed2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
nanosecond pulse laser parameters: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-5J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, keeping CO2The laser is in front, the nanosecond pulse laser is behind, and the distance between the nanosecond pulse laser and the nanosecond pulse laser is 1-7 mm; turn on CO2Laser and nanosecond pulse laser, and CO is driven by robot2The laser and the nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the nanosecond pulse laser scans along the Y direction at the same time, wherein the scanning speed vyIs 0.5 to 10m/s, scan path length equal to CO2The width of the rectangular light spot is that after one scanning is finished, the nanosecond pulse laser translates 0.75-1 mm towards the advancing direction until the coating is removed; wherein the average speed v of the nanosecond pulse laser along the X directionxIs equal to vCO2。
6. CO (carbon monoxide)2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
first, according to nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head, CO2The order of the laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulsed laser cleaning head was to mount three laser heads on the robot and CO was to be supplied2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
the parameters of the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are as follows: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-1J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, setting up CO2Nanosecond pulse laser in front of laser and distance D between the laser and the nanosecond pulse laser11-2 mm; rear nanosecond pulsed laser and CO2Laser interval D23-5 mm; CO is driven by a robot2The laser and the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser advance along the X direction at the same speed, and the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser scan back and forth along the y direction at the same time until the coating is removed; wherein, the scanning velocity component v of two beams of nanosecond pulse laser in the y directionyAll are 2-10 m/s; nanosecond pulse laser scans distance and CO along y direction2The width of the laser spot is the same.
7. CO according to claim 62The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is characterized in that CO is adjusted2Laser of laserAnd (3) power, thinning the coating to be treated to 100-500 mu m, and removing the thinned coating to be treated by nanosecond pulse laser.
8. CO according to claim 62The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is characterized in that a coating to be treated refers to the following steps: and the thickness of the coating is 0.1-3 mm, and the coating is an oxide coating, a nitride coating, a carbide coating, a polymer coating or a composite coating.
9. CO (carbon monoxide)2The laser/nanosecond pulse laser composite cleaning method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
first, according to nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head, CO2The order of the laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulsed laser cleaning head was to mount three laser heads on the robot and CO was to be supplied2The laser cleaning head and the nanosecond pulse laser cleaning head are arranged above the coating to be treated;
secondly, setting laser parameters:
CO2laser parameters: the laser power is 0.1-2 Kw, the shape of the light spot is rectangular, the length L is 1-10 mm, the width W is 5-50 mm, and the scanning speed V isCO2100-1000 mm/s;
the parameters of the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are as follows: the laser power is 50-1000W, the pulse frequency is 10-1000 kHz, the pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the energy density is 0.5-1J/cm2The diameter d of the light spot is 0.02-1 mm;
thirdly, setting up CO2Nanosecond pulse laser in front of laser and distance D between the laser and the nanosecond pulse laser11-2 mm; rear nanosecond pulsed laser and CO2Laser interval D23-5 mm; CO is driven by a robot2The laser and two beams of nanosecond pulse laser advance along X direction at the same speed, and the two beams of nanosecond pulse laser scan along Y direction at the same time, and the scanning speed v isyAll 0.5-10 m/s, and the scanning path length is equal to CO2The width of the rectangular light spot is that after one scanning is finished, two beams of nanosecond pulse laser are translated by 0.75-1 mm towards the advancing direction until the coating is removed; wherein, two beams of nanosecond pulse laser edgesAverage velocity v in X directionxAre all equal to vCO2。
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| CN110508563B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-04-13 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Method for protecting surface anodic oxide film of aluminum alloy matrix in process of laser cleaning of coating layer of matrix |
| CN113097836A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 深圳市联赢激光股份有限公司 | Method for removing insulating paint on metal surface |
| CN111203414A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-05-29 | 深圳市汇泽激光科技有限公司 | Laser cleaning method suitable for oxide layer |
| CN111346879A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-06-30 | 深圳市汇泽激光科技有限公司 | Laser composite cleaning system and method |
| CN111687143B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-09-24 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Real-time monitoring control method and system for laser layered paint removal of aircraft skin |
| CN113441480A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-09-28 | 江苏大学 | Compound laser belt cleaning device of marine industrial equipment pipeline inner wall |
| CN114798597B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-08-11 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司武汉分院 | Laser cleaning method for improving adhesive force of conductor surface |
| CN114653686A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-24 | 江苏大学 | Paint laser cleaning method |
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