CN109821427B - Preparation method of chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane, belonging to the technical field of membrane separation. The polyamide layer is generated by interfacial polymerization between polyamine and aromatic acyl chloride; immersing the membrane in an activation solution, and hydrolyzing unreacted acyl chloride in the polyamide into carboxyl to be activated into active ester; and the polyamine is used as a connecting unit of the active ester and the graphene oxide quantum dots, and the graphene oxide quantum dots are grafted to the surface of the polyamide membrane, so that the preparation of the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane is realized. The method for preparing the chlorine-resistant polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane by using the method of firstly carrying out interfacial polymerization and then carrying out quantum dot modification has the advantages of simple preparation process, convenience in operation and good production repeatability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane, belonging to the technical field of membrane separation.
Background
Nanofiltration is a pressure-driven membrane separation technology with separation performance between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, has the advantages of small occupied area, low overall cost and high relative energy efficiency, and is widely applied to the fields of wastewater treatment, reclaimed water reuse, seawater desalination, drinking water purification and the like. The separation mechanism of the nanofiltration membrane mainly comprises nanometer microporous screening and charge effect, so that the physical and chemical properties and the structure of the membrane material have obvious influence on the separation performance. The nanofiltration membrane sold in the market at present mainly comprises a polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane. The membrane is mainly prepared by polyamine and aromatic acyl chloride through interfacial polymerization, and the membrane structure consists of three parts, namely a polyamide ultrathin separating layer (with the thickness of 50-200nm) with selective permeability, a porous supporting layer (with the thickness of 50-150 mu m generally) and a non-woven fabric reinforcing layer. During the use of the nanofiltration membrane, hypochlorite or chlorine is usually added to the front end of the membrane separation device to sterilize and disinfect the water in order to clean the inlet water and reduce the biological pollution of the membrane. However, the active chlorine having oxidizing property thus introduced reacts with polyamide to irreversibly damage the separation layer structure of the polyamide membrane, thereby deteriorating the membrane separation performance. Therefore, in order to prolong the service life of the polyamide nanofiltration membrane, the development of the polyamide membrane with chlorine resistance is particularly important, and particularly, the service life and the stability of the polyamide nanofiltration membrane can be prolonged in long-term operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a preparation method of the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane.
According to the technical scheme, the preparation method of the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane comprises the steps of generating a polyamide layer through interfacial polymerization between polyamine and aromatic acyl chloride; immersing the membrane in an activation solution, and hydrolyzing unreacted acyl chloride in the polyamide into carboxyl to be activated into active ester; and the polyamine is used as a connecting unit of the active ester and the graphene oxide quantum dots, and the graphene oxide quantum dots are grafted to the surface of the polyamide membrane, so that the preparation of the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane is realized.
Further, the steps are as follows:
(1) preparing a monomer solution: dissolving polyamine in water to prepare a water phase solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-15%, and dissolving aromatic acyl chloride in n-hexane to prepare an organic phase solution with the mass concentration of 0.01-2%;
(2) interfacial polymerization: soaking an ultrafiltration basement membrane in the aqueous phase solution prepared in the step (1) for 3-30 min, taking out, removing redundant aqueous phase solution on the surface of the membrane by using an air knife, then soaking in the organic phase solution prepared in the step (1) for 30-60 s, carrying out interfacial polymerization reaction, and then taking out the prepared membrane and draining; performing heat treatment in an oven at 50-100 ℃ for 3-7 min, then placing the membrane in deionized water for soaking for 24h, and removing unreacted monomers to obtain an aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane;
(3) activating the surface of the film: preparing an activation solution, immersing the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane obtained in the step (2) in the activation solution to perform surface activation for 1-3 hours to generate active ester, and then immersing the active ester in the aqueous phase solution prepared in the step (1) for 1 minute;
(4) quantum dot grafting: immersing the activated aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane obtained in the step (3) in graphene oxide quantum dot suspension with the mass concentration of 0.01-0.1%, performing vibration reaction in a shaking table for 1-3 hours, placing in an oven with the temperature of 50-90 ℃ for heat treatment for 3-7 min, and washing with deionized water to obtain the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane.
Further, the polyamine in the step (1) is one or a combination of more of o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, piperazine, polyethyleneimine and pyromellitic triamine.
Further, the aromatic acyl chloride in the step (1) is one or a combination of more of phthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, biphenyltetracarbonyl and trimesoyl chloride.
Further, the ultrafiltration membrane in the step (2) is polyvinylidene fluoride, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, sulfonated polysulfone or polyethersulfone.
Further, the activation solution in the step (3) is specifically prepared by dissolving 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide into 35-45 mmol/L2- (N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution, wherein the ratio of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1:2, and the pH value of the activation solution is 4.5-5.5.
Further, the graphene oxide quantum dots in the step (4) are prepared by a citric acid pyrolysis method.
Further, the specific preparation process of the graphene oxide quantum dots is as follows: weighing 2-5 g of citric acid, putting the citric acid into a beaker, and then putting the beaker on a micro-control digital display constant temperature platform to pyrolyze for 15-20 minutes at 180-200 ℃; and then transferring the graphene oxide quantum dots into a 1000Da dialysis bag for dialysis for 1-2 days, and freeze-drying the dialyzed solution to finally obtain the graphene oxide quantum dots.
According to the preparation method of the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane, on one hand, the graphene oxide quantum dots are small in size, the edges of the graphene oxide quantum dots are provided with more oxygen-containing groups such as carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups, the oxygen-containing groups can be used as preferential sacrificial groups, active chlorine is consumed firstly, and amide bonds of a polyamide layer are protected; on the other hand, the structure of the graphene oxide quantum dots hinders the diffusion of OCL-, OCL-The reduction in diffusion rate results in an increase in chlorine resistance. In addition, the graphene oxide quantum dots not only have the excellent performances of graphene oxide, such as larger surface area, higher electron mobility and higher mechanical strength, but also have better biocompatibility, and also show a plurality of special properties due to quantum confinement effect and boundary effect, and the water permeability and the pollution resistance of the film can be improved after the graphene oxide quantum dots are introduced to the surface of the polyamide film.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the chlorine-resistant polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method for preparing the chlorine-resistant polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane by using the method of firstly carrying out interfacial polymerization and then carrying out quantum dot modification has the advantages of simple preparation process, convenience in operation and good production repeatability.
2. According to the preparation method, the graphene oxide quantum dots are introduced to the surface of the polyamide membrane, and the chlorine resistance of the polyamide separation layer is remarkably improved by utilizing the inorganic characteristics of the graphene quantum dots and the rich oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface.
3. According to the invention, the graphene oxide quantum dots are introduced to the surface of the polyamide membrane through chemical bond linkage, the graphene oxide quantum dots are not easy to run off in the use process, and the separation stability of the chlorine-resistant polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane is good.
4. The graphene oxide quantum dots adopted by the invention have good water dispersibility and strong hydrophilicity, and the water permeability and rejection rate of the prepared chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface electron microscope photograph of a chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane.
Detailed Description
The following are examples of the preparation of chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membranes, but the examples do not limit the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a monomer solution: dissolving m-phenylenediamine in water to prepare a water phase solution with the mass concentration of 1%, and dissolving trimesoyl chloride in n-hexane to prepare an organic phase solution with the mass concentration of 0.01%;
(2) interfacial polymerization: soaking a polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration basement membrane in the aqueous phase solution for 30 minutes, taking out, removing the redundant aqueous phase solution on the surface of the membrane by using an air knife, then soaking in the organic phase solution for 30 seconds to perform interfacial polymerization reaction, then taking out the membrane, draining, performing heat treatment in a 70 ℃ oven for 5 minutes, then placing in deionized water to soak for 24 hours, and removing unreacted monomers to obtain the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane;
(3) activating the surface of the film: preparing an activation solution of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide; immersing the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in an activation solution for surface activation for 1h to generate active ester, and then immersing the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in the polyamine aqueous phase solution for 1 min, wherein the surface is contacted to form a bond;
the activation solution is prepared by dissolving 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide into 40 mmol/L2- (N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution, wherein the ratio of the 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to the N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1:2, and the pH value of the activation solution is 5.
(4) Quantum dot grafting: immersing the activated aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in a graphene oxide quantum dot suspension with the mass concentration of 0.05%, vibrating and reacting for 1 hour in a shaking table, placing the mixture in a 60 ℃ drying oven for heat treatment for 5 minutes, and washing the mixture with deionized water to obtain the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane.
The surface electron micrograph of the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane is shown in figure 1.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a monomer solution: dissolving o-phenylenediamine in water to prepare a water phase solution with the mass concentration of 15%, and dissolving biphenyl tetrachloryl chloride in n-hexane to prepare an organic phase solution with the mass concentration of 2%;
(2) interfacial polymerization: soaking a polysulfone ultrafiltration basement membrane in the aqueous phase solution for 30 minutes, taking out the polysulfone ultrafiltration basement membrane, removing the redundant aqueous phase solution on the surface of the membrane by using an air knife, then soaking the polysulfone ultrafiltration basement membrane in the organic phase solution for 30 seconds to perform interfacial polymerization reaction, then taking out the membrane, draining the membrane, performing heat treatment in a 100 ℃ oven for 3 minutes, then soaking the membrane in deionized water for 24 hours, and removing unreacted monomers to obtain the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane;
(3) activating the surface of the film: preparing an activation solution of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide; immersing the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in an activation solution for surface activation for 2h to generate active ester, and then immersing the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in the polyamine aqueous phase solution for 1 min, wherein the surface is contacted to form a bond;
the activation solution is prepared by dissolving 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide into 35 mmol/L2- (N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution, wherein the ratio of the 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to the N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1:2, and the pH value of the activation solution is 5.5.
(4) Quantum dot grafting: immersing the activated aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in a graphene oxide quantum dot suspension with the mass concentration of 0.01%, vibrating and reacting for 3 hours in a shaking table, placing the mixture in a 60 ℃ drying oven for heat treatment for 5 minutes, and washing the mixture with deionized water to obtain the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane.
Example 3
(1) Preparing a monomer solution: dissolving pyromellitic triamine in water to prepare an aqueous phase solution with the mass concentration of 0.1 percent, and dissolving terephthaloyl chloride in n-hexane to prepare an organic phase solution with the mass concentration of 1 percent;
(2) interfacial polymerization: soaking a polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration basement membrane in the aqueous phase solution for 30 minutes, taking out and removing redundant aqueous phase solution on the surface of the membrane by using an air knife, then soaking the membrane in the organic phase solution for 30 seconds to perform interfacial polymerization reaction, then taking out the membrane, draining, performing heat treatment in a 50 ℃ oven for 7 minutes, then soaking the membrane in deionized water for 24 hours, and removing unreacted monomers to obtain the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane;
(3) activating the surface of the film: preparing an activation solution of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide; immersing the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in an activation solution for surface activation for 3h to generate active ester, and then immersing the active ester in the polyamine aqueous phase solution for 1 min, wherein the surface is contacted to form a bond;
the activation solution is prepared by dissolving 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide into 45 mmol/L2- (N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution, wherein the ratio of the 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to the N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1:2, and the pH value of the activation solution is 4.5.
(4) Quantum dot grafting: immersing the activated aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in a graphene oxide quantum dot suspension with the mass concentration of 0.1%, vibrating and reacting for 2 hours in a shaking table, placing the mixture in a 60 ℃ drying oven for heat treatment for 5 minutes, and washing the mixture with deionized water to obtain the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane.
Example 4
(1) Preparing a monomer solution: dissolving piperazine in water to prepare an aqueous phase solution with the mass concentration of 0.1%, and dissolving phthaloyl chloride in n-hexane to prepare an organic phase solution with the mass concentration of 1%;
(2) interfacial polymerization: soaking a polyether sulfone ultrafiltration basement membrane in the aqueous phase solution for 30 minutes, taking out the membrane, removing the redundant aqueous phase solution on the surface of the membrane by using an air knife, then soaking the membrane in the organic phase solution for 30 seconds to perform interfacial polymerization reaction, then taking out the membrane, draining the membrane, performing heat treatment in a 50 ℃ oven for 7 minutes, then soaking the membrane in deionized water for 24 hours, and removing unreacted monomers to obtain the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane;
(3) activating the surface of the film: preparing an activation solution of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide; immersing the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in an activation solution for surface activation for 2h to generate active ester, and then immersing the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in the polyamine aqueous phase solution for 1 min, wherein the surface is contacted to form a bond;
the activation solution is prepared by dissolving 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide into 40 mmol/L2- (N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution, wherein the ratio of the 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to the N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1:2, and the pH value of the activation solution is 5.
(4) Quantum dot grafting: immersing the activated aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane in a graphene oxide quantum dot suspension with the mass concentration of 0.1%, vibrating and reacting for 2 hours in a shaking table, placing the mixture in a 60 ℃ drying oven for heat treatment for 5 minutes, and washing the mixture with deionized water to obtain the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane without graphene oxide quantum dots comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a monomer solution: dissolving m-phenylenediamine in water to prepare a water phase solution with the mass concentration of 1%, and dissolving trimesoyl chloride in n-hexane to prepare an organic phase solution with the mass concentration of 0.1%;
(2) interfacial polymerization: soaking a sulfonated polyether sulfone ultrafiltration basement membrane in an aqueous phase solution for 30 minutes, taking out and removing redundant aqueous phase solution on the surface of the membrane by using an air knife, then soaking in an organic phase solution for 30 seconds to perform interfacial polymerization reaction, then taking out the membrane, draining, performing heat treatment in a 70 ℃ oven for 5 minutes, then placing in deionized water to soak for 24 hours, and removing unreacted monomers to obtain the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane;
the following are comparisons of separation performance of polyamide composite nanofiltration membranes prepared in different examples:
note: the aqueous solution of 4000ppm NaClO was soaked for 1 hour.
The above description of embodiments should be taken as illustrative, and it will be readily understood that many variations and combinations of the features set forth above may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the claims, and that such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such variations are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps: generating a polyamide layer through interfacial polymerization between polyamine and aromatic acyl chloride; immersing the membrane in an activation solution, and hydrolyzing unreacted acyl chloride in the polyamide into carboxyl to be activated into active ester; the polyamine is used as a connecting unit of the active ester and the graphene oxide quantum dots, and the graphene oxide quantum dots are grafted to the surface of the polyamide membrane, so that the preparation of the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane is realized; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a monomer solution: dissolving polyamine in water to prepare a water phase solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-15%, and dissolving aromatic acyl chloride in n-hexane to prepare an organic phase solution with the mass concentration of 0.01-2%;
(2) interfacial polymerization: soaking an ultrafiltration basement membrane in the aqueous phase solution prepared in the step (1) for 3-30 min, taking out, removing redundant aqueous phase solution on the surface of the membrane by using an air knife, then soaking in the organic phase solution prepared in the step (1) for 30-60 s, carrying out interfacial polymerization reaction, and then taking out the prepared membrane and draining; performing heat treatment in an oven at 50-100 ℃ for 3-7 min, then placing the membrane in deionized water for soaking for 24h, and removing unreacted monomers to obtain an aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane;
(3) activating the surface of the film: preparing an activation solution, immersing the aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane obtained in the step (2) in the activation solution to perform surface activation for 1-3 hours to generate active ester, and then immersing the active ester in the aqueous phase solution prepared in the step (1) for 1 minute;
(4) quantum dot grafting: immersing the activated aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane obtained in the step (3) in graphene oxide quantum dot suspension with the mass concentration of 0.01-0.1%, performing vibration reaction in a shaking table for 1-3 hours, placing in an oven with the temperature of 50-90 ℃ for heat treatment for 3-7 min, and washing with deionized water to obtain the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane.
2. The method for preparing the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the polyamine in the step (1) is specifically one or a combination of more of o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, piperazine, polyethyleneimine and benzenetriamine.
3. The method for preparing the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aromatic acyl chloride in the step (1) is one or a combination of more of phthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, biphenyl tetracarbonyl and trimesoyl chloride.
4. The method for preparing the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ultrafiltration basement membrane in the step (2) is polyvinylidene fluoride, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, sulfonated polysulfone or polyether sulfone ultrafiltration basement membrane.
5. The method for preparing the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the activation solution in the step (3) is prepared by dissolving 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide into 35-45 mmol/L2- (N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution, wherein the ratio of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1:2, and the pH value of the activation solution is 4.5-5.5.
6. The method for preparing the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) preparing the graphene oxide quantum dots by a citric acid pyrolysis method.
7. The method for preparing the chlorine-resistant aromatic polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane as claimed in claim 6, wherein the graphene oxide quantum dots are prepared by the following specific steps: weighing 2-5 g of citric acid, putting the citric acid into a beaker, and then putting the beaker on a micro-control digital display constant temperature platform to pyrolyze for 15-20 minutes at 180-200 ℃; and then transferring the graphene oxide quantum dots into a 1000Da dialysis bag for dialysis for 1-2 days, and freeze-drying the dialyzed solution to finally obtain the graphene oxide quantum dots.
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