CN109814195B - Multifunctional super-surface structure based on polarization, super-surface element and encryption method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization-based multifunctional super-surface structure, a super-surface element and an encryption method, wherein the multifunctional super-surface structure comprises a transparent substrate and a metal nano-brick array; the metal nano brick array comprises a plurality of nano bricks distributed on the substrate in an array mode, and the surface of each nano brick, which is far away from the substrate, is a working surface; the nano brick divides a substrate into a plurality of square substrate units, the nano brick and the corresponding substrate units form nano brick units, and the geometric parameters of the nano brick units comprise the length, the width and the height of the nano brick and the side length of the substrate units; the geometric parameters of the nano-brick units are configured to: when two beams of first linear polarized light with mutually perpendicular polarization directions are made to be incident perpendicularly to the working surface, the reflectivity of one beam of first linear polarized light is the highest, and the transmissivity of the other beam of first linear polarized light is the highest. The invention can simultaneously and respectively and independently control the phase of the transmitted light and the light intensity of the reflected light.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-nano optics, in particular to a multifunctional super-surface structure based on polarization, a super-surface element and an encryption method.
Background
The super-surface, as an ultra-thin sub-wavelength structure, can be designed as a planar optical device to achieve many functions, and the function of the super-surface can be further improved by embedding more control ways. This ability of the super-surface has significant advantages over conventional diffractive optical elements. For example, it may be designed to produce hyper-surface holograms of different images by changing the incident polarization or wavelength.
Since the metal nano-antenna can generate second harmonic waves, the nonlinear super-surface can generate different images or different orbital angular momentum states. Therefore, the current research direction is mainly to integrate multiple super-surfaces with different functions, so as to superimpose different images or different orbital angular momentum states together.
Although many researchers have used sub-wavelength super-surface structures to control phase or polarization to achieve many functions, simultaneous control of these two responses has not been studied. The main technical difficulties are as follows: although the use of a nanoblock structure with half-wave plate function can realize a geometric phase super surface hologram (Zheng G, mhlenbernd H, Kenney M, Li G, Zentgraf T, & Zhang S. measurement surfaces holes with 80% efficiency [ J ]. Nature Nanotechnology,2015,10(4): 308) and high resolution nanoprinting (Yue F, Zhang C, Zhang X F, Wen D, geriat B D, Zhang S, & Chen x.high-resolution dimension image in a. beam [ J ]. Light: Science & Applications,2018,7(1): 17129), respectively, both of them need to be designed for the turning angle of the nanoblock, and the difference in the turning angle of the nanoblock is only a value when the two are designed, therefore, the requirements of the super-surface holography and the nano printing on the value of the steering angle cannot be met simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a polarization-based multifunctional super-surface structure, a holographic element and an encryption method, which can simultaneously and independently control the phase of transmitted light and the light intensity of reflected light.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a polarization-based multifunctional super-surface structure, comprising:
a transparent substrate;
the metal nano brick array comprises a plurality of nano bricks distributed on the substrate in an array mode, and the surface of each nano brick, which is far away from the substrate, is a working surface; the nano brick divides a substrate into a plurality of square substrate units, the nano brick and the corresponding substrate units form nano brick units, and the geometric parameters of the nano brick units comprise the length, the width and the height of the nano brick and the side length of the substrate units;
the geometric parameters of the nano-brick units are configured to: when two beams of first linear polarized light with mutually perpendicular polarization directions are made to be incident perpendicularly to the working surface, the reflectivity of one beam of first linear polarized light is the highest, and the transmissivity of the other beam of first linear polarized light is the highest.
Further, a straight line which is perpendicular to the working surface of the nano brick and passes through the intersection point of the working surface diagonal lines is taken as the central line of the nano brick;
the center lines of all adjacent nano-bricks are equal in spacing in the row direction and the column direction, and the spacing in the row direction is equal to the spacing in the column direction.
Further, the nano brick is made of gold, silver or aluminum.
Furthermore, the length, the width and the height of the nano brick are all sub-wavelength sizes.
Further, the working wavelength of the first linearly polarized light is 633nm, the length, the width and the height of the nano brick are 160nm, 80nm and 70nm respectively, and the side length of the substrate unit is 300 nm.
Further, quartz is adopted as the substrate.
The present invention also provides a super surface element, comprising:
a multifunctional super-surface structure as described above;
establishing a coordinate system by taking two adjacent edges of the substrate unit as an X axis and a Y axis respectively, wherein an included angle between the long edge of the nano brick and the X axis is a steering angle theta of the nano brick;
the turning angle theta of each nano-brick included in the multifunctional super-surface structure is configured as follows: when the second linear polarization light and the circular polarization light are made to be incident perpendicular to the multifunctional super-surface structure, the reflected light of the second linear polarization light forms a first image, and the transmitted light of the circular polarization light forms a second image; wherein the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light is the same as the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light having the highest reflectivity.
Further, the steering angle θ satisfies the malus law:
I＝I0(cosθ)2
wherein, I0The intensity of the incident second linearly polarized light is shown as I, and the intensity of the reflected light of the second linearly polarized light is shown as I.
Further, a phase change value ψ of the circularly polarized light after transmission satisfies the following formula: ψ is 2 θ.
The invention also provides an encryption method, which comprises the following steps:
providing a multifunctional super-surface structure as described above, wherein the turning angle θ of each nano-brick on the multifunctional super-surface structure is set according to a preset first image and a preset second image, and the turning angle θ of each nano-brick is configured as follows: when the second linear polarization light and the circular polarization light are made to be incident perpendicular to the multifunctional super-surface structure, the reflected light of the second linear polarization light forms a first image, and the transmitted light of the circular polarization light forms a second image; the polarization direction of the second linear polarization light is the same as that of the first linear polarization light with the highest reflectivity, a coordinate system is established by taking two adjacent edges of the substrate unit as an X axis and a Y axis respectively, and the steering angle theta of the nano-brick is an included angle between the long edge of the nano-brick and the X axis;
vertically incident the multifunctional super-surface structure using second linear polarization and circular polarization;
the multifunctional super-surface structure forms a first image and a second image, wherein the first image is one of a target image and an interference image, and the second image is the other of the target image and the interference image.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the multifunctional super-surface structure provided by the invention combines two regulation and control modes of the light intensity of the reflected light and the phase of the transmitted light, the two regulation and control modes can be respectively and independently controlled, a near-field gray image and a far-field holographic image can be simultaneously generated, and the two images cannot mutually influence each other.
(2) The geometric parameters of the nano brick units are all sub-wavelength levels, so that the multifunctional super-surface structure has small volume, light weight and high integration, and is suitable for the development of miniaturization in the future. Because the multifunctional super-surface structure is a two-step plane structure, the multifunctional super-surface structure is simpler in processing, manufacturing, batch production and the like, and the cost is saved.
(3) Because the multifunctional super-surface structure generates the irrelevance of a near-field image and a far-field image, the far-field image cannot be deduced from the near-field image, one of the near-field image and the far-field image is used as a target image to be encrypted, and the other one of the near-field image and the far-field image is used as an interference image to realize encrypted display.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polarization-based multifunctional super-surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a nano-brick unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a transmission/reflection scan of a multi-functional super-surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of Malus' law by the multifunctional super-surface structure provided by the embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an effect of the multifunctional super-surface structure provided by the embodiment of the invention for simultaneously generating a near-field image and a far-field image.
In the figure: 1. a substrate; 10. a base unit; 2. and (4) nano bricks.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a polarization-based multifunctional super-surface structure, which includes a transparent substrate 1 and a metal nano-brick array; the metal nano brick array comprises a plurality of nano bricks 2 distributed on a substrate 1 in an array mode, one side of each nano brick 2 is connected with the substrate 1, the other side of each nano brick, namely the surface far away from the substrate 1, is a working surface, the nano bricks 2 are made of gold, silver or aluminum, silver is adopted in the embodiment, and the silver nano bricks are deposited on the surface of a fused quartz substrate during preparation. Because the multifunctional super-surface structure is a two-step plane structure, the multifunctional super-surface structure is simpler in processing, manufacturing, batch production and the like, and the cost is saved.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the substrate 1 is divided into a plurality of square substrate units 10 by the nano brick 2, the nano brick 2 and the corresponding substrate units 10 form a nano brick unit, the geometric parameters of the nano brick unit include the length L, the width W, the height H of the nano brick 2 and the side length C of the substrate unit 10, and the length, the width, the height and the side length are all sub-wavelength levels, so that the multifunctional super-surface structure has small volume, light weight and high integration, and is suitable for the development of miniaturization and miniaturization in the future; taking a straight line which is perpendicular to the working surface of the nano brick 2 and passes through the intersection point of the working surface diagonal lines as the central line of the nano brick 2; the center lines of all the adjacent nanoballs 2 are equally spaced in the row and column directions, and the spacing in the row direction is equal to the spacing in the column direction.
Referring to fig. 1, in order to make the multifunctional super-surface structure equivalent to a polarizer, the geometric parameters of the nano-tile unit are configured to: when two beams of first linear polarized light with mutually perpendicular polarization directions are made to be incident perpendicularly to the working surface, the reflectivity of one beam of first linear polarized light is the highest, and the transmissivity of the other beam of first linear polarized light is the highest.
Referring to fig. 1, a coordinate system is established for each of two adjacent sides of a substrate unit 10 as X and Y axes, and modeling and simulation are performed by using electromagnetic simulation software, taking an operating wavelength λ as 633nm as an example, two first linear polarizations (referred to as X-polarization and Y-polarization, respectively) with polarization directions along the X axis and the Y axis are incident perpendicularly to a working surface at the same time, geometric parameters of a nano-brick unit are scanned at the operating wavelength, including L, W, H, C, and the scanning results are shown in fig. 3, where the geometric parameters include that the reflectance of the X-polarization is the highest and the transmittance of the Y-polarization is the lowest. When the working wavelength lambda is 633nm, the x-line polarized light reflectivity and the y-line polarized light transmissivity are both more than 90%, and the x-line polarized light transmissivity and the y-line polarized light reflectivity are both less than 10%, and then the geometric parameters of the nano unit are as follows: l is 160nm, W is 80nm, H is 70nm, C is 300 nm. Therefore, when the working wavelength is lambda-633 nm, under the optimized geometric parameters of the nano-brick unit, x-ray polarized light reflection and y-ray polarized light transmission incident on the multifunctional super-surface structure can be realized.
Referring to fig. 4, a coordinate system is established with two adjacent sides of the substrate unit 10 as X and Y axes respectively, the included angle between the long side of the nano-brick 2 and the X axis is the turning angle θ of the nano-brick 2, for the incident second-line polarized light (to ensure that reflection can occur, the second-line polarized light is the same as the polarization direction of the first-line polarized light with the highest reflectivity, that is, the second-line polarized light adopts X-line polarized light) (the rightmost double arrow in the upper small diagram of fig. 4 is the polarization direction of the incident second-line polarized light), after passing through the nano-brick 2 with the turning angle θ, the second-line polarized light is reflected and the polarization direction of the second-line polarized light is modulated to form an included angle θ with the X axis (the middle double arrow in the upper small diagram of fig. 4 is the polarization direction after the second-line polarized light is reflected), and the light intensity is:
I＝I0(cosθ)2
wherein, I0The intensity of the incident second linearly polarized light is I, and the intensity of the reflected light of the second linearly polarized light is I.
Therefore, the linear polarized light with a constant polarization direction is incident on the multifunctional super-surface structure, and the light intensity of the reflected light can be adjusted by changing the steering angle theta of each nano-brick 2, so that gray scale modulation is realized. Each nano-brick unit on the multifunctional super-surface structure is used as a pixel point, and the gray scale of each pixel point, namely the steering angle theta of the nano-brick 2 on each nano-brick unit, can be adjusted and a reflected high-resolution gray scale image is displayed in a near field. Furthermore, since the effective working range of the turning angle θ of the nano-brick 2 is 0 ° to 180 °, as can be seen from fig. 4, the turning angle θ of the nano-brick 2 has two selectable values, i.e., θ and 180 ° - θ, when the incident light intensity and the reflected light intensity are simultaneously kept constant.
Since the multifunctional super-surface structure is functionally equivalent to a polarizer, taking a nano-brick unit as an example, as shown in fig. 1, two adjacent edges of the substrate unit 10 are respectively taken as X and Y axes to establish a coordinate system, and then the jones matrix of the nano-brick equivalent to a polarizer can be expressed as:
when circularly polarized light is incident (left-handed circularly polarized light or right-handed circularly polarized light has Jones vector of
) The light vector after transmission through the nano-brick 2 can be expressed as:
from the above equation, the transmission light of the circular polarization is a circular polarization of the opposite polarization state with the 2 θ phase change amount and a circular polarization of the same polarization state with the unmodulated phase. From this, it is understood that the turning angle θ of the nanoblock 2 and the phase change value ψ after transmission of the circularly polarized light satisfy ψ of 2 θ. Therefore, the phase change value ψ after transmission of circular polarized light can be adjusted and controlled by changing the steering angle θ of the nanobelt 2. The multifunctional super-surface structure can be designed into a holographic plate by utilizing the phase modulation of the multifunctional super-surface structure and combining with a simulated annealing algorithm, and a hologram is presented in a far field through incident circular polarized light.
In order to realize simultaneous regulation and control of light intensity and phase without mutual influence, the incident light comprises a beam of linearly polarized light and a beam of circularly polarized light, after the regulation and control of the multifunctional super-surface structure, the polarization direction and the light intensity of the linearly polarized light are modulated, and the phase of the circularly polarized light is modulated.
In summary, the multifunctional super-surface structure of the present invention has two independent control modes, i.e. phase modulation for circular polarized light, polarization for linear polarized light and light intensity modulation. Because the turning angles of the nano bricks are selected from two angles of theta and 180-theta during the display of the same gray scale during the polarization regulation, the turning angles of the two nano bricks can provide two phase regulation amounts, namely 2 theta and 360-2 theta, during the phase regulation, and only one of the two nano bricks is selected according to the actual requirement, so that the turning angle theta can be determined, for example, through calculation, the values to be selected which meet the phase change value of the phase regulation are 90 degrees and 270 degrees, if the value to be selected of the phase change value is 90 degrees, theta is 45 degrees, namely the turning angle which meets the light intensity modulation can be selected from 45 degrees and 135 degrees. Therefore, the invention provides two design freedom degrees for holographic design, which can be equivalent to a binary optical computing holographic element with a two-step structure, and the two design freedom degrees ensure that the invention can simultaneously meet the requirements of phase control and polarization and light intensity control.
Based on the principle and design, the multifunctional super-surface structure can generate two responses which are not influenced mutually through two modes of modulation, namely, a reflected high-resolution gray scale image is generated in a near field through polarization modulation and a holographic image is generated in a far field through phase modulation. The multifunctional super-surface design is carried out by taking the 'Lina' human-shaped image as a near-field gray image and the letter 'SOS' as a far-field holographic image, and the effect is shown in figure 5. Because the two responses are not influenced by each other, the generated near-field image and far-field image have no correlation, so that the far-field image cannot be deduced from the near-field image, one of the near-field image and the far-field image is used as a target image needing encryption, and the other one of the near-field image and the far-field image is used as an interference image, so that encrypted display can be realized. If the far-field holographic image is used as a target image to be encrypted, the information of the holographic image cannot be estimated from the near-field gray scale image, and vice versa, so that an encryption technology with high security performance can be realized and applied to steganography, anti-counterfeiting detection, ghost imaging and the like.
Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a super surface element, which includes a multifunctional super surface structure; establishing a coordinate system by taking two adjacent edges of the substrate unit 10 as an X axis and a Y axis respectively, wherein an included angle between the long edge of the nano brick 2 and the X axis is a steering angle theta of the nano brick 2; the turning angle θ of each nano-brick 2 included in the multifunctional super-surface structure is configured to: when the second linear polarization light and the circular polarization light are made to be incident perpendicular to the multifunctional super-surface structure, the reflected light of the second linear polarization light forms a first image, and the transmitted light of the circular polarization light forms a second image, wherein the polarization direction of the second linear polarization light is the same as the polarization direction of the first linear polarization light with the highest reflectivity.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an encryption method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: providing a multifunctional super-surface structure, wherein the steering angle theta of each nano-brick 2 on the multifunctional super-surface structure is set according to a preset first image and a preset second image, and the steering angle theta of each nano-brick 2 is configured as follows: when the second linear polarization light and the circular polarization light are made to be incident perpendicular to the multifunctional super-surface structure, the reflected light of the second linear polarization light forms a first image, and the transmitted light of the circular polarization light forms a second image; the polarization direction of the second linear polarization light is the same as that of the first linear polarization light with the highest reflectivity, a coordinate system is established by taking two adjacent edges of the substrate unit 10 as an X axis and a Y axis respectively, and the steering angle theta of the nano-brick 2 is an included angle between the long edge of the nano-brick 2 and the X axis;
s2: vertically incident into the multifunctional super-surface structure by using second linear polarization and circular polarization; the multifunctional super-surface structure forms a first image and a second image, wherein the first image is one of the target image and the interference image, and the second image is the other of the target image and the interference image.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (7)
1. A super surface element, characterized in that it comprises:
a polarization-based multifunctional super-surface structure, comprising:
-a transparent substrate (1);
-an array of metallic nanoblocks comprising a plurality of nanoblocks (2) distributed in an array on said substrate (1), the surface of said nanoblocks (2) remote from the substrate (1) being the working surface; the nano brick (2) divides the substrate (1) into a plurality of square substrate units (10), the nano brick (2) and the corresponding substrate units (10) form nano brick units, and the geometric parameters of the nano brick units comprise the length, width and height of the nano brick (2) and the side length of the substrate units (10);
-the geometrical parameters of the nano-brick units are configured to: when two beams of first linear polarized light with mutually vertical polarization directions are made to be incident in a way of being vertical to the working surface, the reflectivity of one beam of first linear polarized light is the highest, and the transmissivity of the other beam of first linear polarized light is the highest;
establishing a coordinate system by taking two adjacent edges of the substrate unit (10) as an X axis and a Y axis respectively, wherein an included angle between the long edge of the nano brick (2) and the X axis is a steering angle theta of the nano brick (2);
the turning angle theta of each nano-brick (2) included in the multifunctional super-surface structure is configured as follows: when the second linear polarization light and the circular polarization light are made to be incident perpendicular to the multifunctional super-surface structure, the reflected light of the second linear polarization light forms a first image, and the transmitted light of the circular polarization light forms a second image; wherein the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light is the same as the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light with the highest reflectivity; and the number of the first and second groups,
the phase modulation is carried out on the circular polarized light, the polarization and the light intensity modulation are carried out on the linear polarized light, and the steering angle theta meets the Malus law:
I＝I0(cosθ)2
wherein, I0The intensity of the incident second linearly polarized light, I, and the intensity of the reflected light of the second linearly polarized light satisfy the phase change value ψ of the circularly polarized light after transmission 2 θ.
2. The super surface element of claim 1, wherein: taking a straight line which is perpendicular to the working surface of the nano brick (2) and passes through the intersection point of the working surface diagonal lines as the central line of the nano brick (2);
the center lines of all the adjacent nano bricks (2) are equal in spacing in the row direction and the column direction, and the spacing in the row direction is equal to the spacing in the column direction.
3. The super surface element of claim 1, wherein: the nano brick (2) is made of gold, silver or aluminum.
4. The super surface element of claim 1, wherein: the length, the width and the height of the nano brick (2) are all sub-wavelength sizes.
5. The super surface element of claim 1, wherein: the working wavelength of the first linear polarization light is 633nm, the length, the width and the height of the nano brick (2) are 160nm, 80nm and 70nm respectively, and the side length of the substrate unit (10) is 300 nm.
6. The super surface element of claim 1, wherein: the substrate (1) is made of quartz.
7. An encryption method, comprising the steps of:
providing a polarization-based multifunctional super-surface structure comprising:
-a transparent substrate (1);
-an array of metallic nanoblocks comprising a plurality of nanoblocks (2) distributed in an array on said substrate (1), the surface of said nanoblocks (2) remote from the substrate (1) being the working surface; the nano brick (2) divides the substrate (1) into a plurality of square substrate units (10), the nano brick (2) and the corresponding substrate units (10) form nano brick units, and the geometric parameters of the nano brick units comprise the length, width and height of the nano brick (2) and the side length of the substrate units (10);
-the geometrical parameters of the nano-brick units are configured to: when two beams of first line polarization light with mutually perpendicular polarization directions are made to be incident perpendicularly to the working surface, wherein the reflectivity of one beam of first line polarization light is the highest, the transmissivity of the other beam of first line polarization light is the highest, the steering angle theta of each nano brick (2) on the multifunctional super-surface structure is set according to a preset first image and a preset second image, and the steering angle theta of each nano brick (2) is configured as follows: when the second linear polarization light and the circular polarization light are made to be incident perpendicular to the multifunctional super-surface structure, the reflected light of the second linear polarization light forms a first image, and the transmitted light of the circular polarization light forms a second image; the polarization direction of the second linear polarization light is the same as that of the first linear polarization light with the highest reflectivity, a coordinate system is established by taking two adjacent edges of the substrate unit (10) as an X axis and a Y axis respectively, and the steering angle theta of the nano brick (2) is an included angle between the long edge of the nano brick (2) and the X axis; the phase modulation is carried out on the circular polarized light, the polarization and the light intensity modulation are carried out on the linear polarized light, and the steering angle theta meets the Malus law:
I＝I0(cosθ)2
wherein, I0The light intensity of the second linearly polarized light when incident, I is the light intensity of the reflected light of the second linearly polarized light, and the phase of the circularly polarized light after transmissionThe bit variation value psi satisfies psi ═ 2 theta;
vertically incident the multifunctional super-surface structure using second linear polarization and circular polarization;
the multifunctional super-surface structure forms a first image and a second image, wherein the first image is one of a target image and an interference image, and the second image is the other of the target image and the interference image.
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| CN111413754B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉大学 | Super-surface-based wide-angle scattering and directional scattering element structure and design method |
| CN112564814B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-10-22 | 武汉大学 | Near-field double-key encryption method based on super surface |
| CN112882139B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-01-04 | 武汉大学 | Super surface for realizing near-field structural color display and holographic multiplexing and design method thereof |
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| CN113094927B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2023-02-03 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for realizing multi-channel information coding by using novel optical film |
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| CN113703239B (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉大学 | Electrically-controllable dual-channel display method based on liquid crystal |
| CN114966905B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-04-25 | 武汉大学 | Double-layer super surface capable of realizing nano printing encryption |
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