CN109813969B - Array antenna diagnosis method, equipment and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a diagnostic method of an array antenna, which comprises the following steps: s1, obtaining an array element directional diagram of an array antenna and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram; s2, exciting I by a feed-in port; s3, obtaining positions of M first measuring points and first measuring data E of electric/magnetic fields of the array antenna at the M first measuring points; s4, acquiring aperture field excitation I' according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of a first measuring point and first measuring data E; s5, calculating caliber field excitation I 'and reference caliber field excitation I'RFor a single array element, if the difference is greater than a preset threshold, the array element is determined as a faulty array element, otherwise, the array element is determined as a normal array element. The method can quickly and efficiently diagnose the array antenna by less measurement data and combining with the known prior knowledge of the array antenna, and positions the fault to a single array element, thereby having important significance for research and development and array antenna diagnosis on a production line.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to a method, device, system, and computer-readable storage medium for diagnosing an array antenna.
Background
Antennas are widely used in radio systems such as communications, broadcasting, television, radar, and navigation, and play a role in propagating radio waves, and are indispensable devices for efficiently radiating and receiving radio waves. An array antenna is an antenna in which at least two antenna elements are regularly or randomly arranged and a predetermined radiation characteristic is obtained by proper excitation. In recent years, array antennas have received much attention as an important development direction for civil and military antenna technologies.
The array antenna is composed of a plurality of antenna elements, each antenna element is fed with signals with certain amplitude and phase to form a specific wave beam and realize wave beam scanning, and the signals of the array elements are superposed to form the signals of the array antenna. Generally, the signal amplitude of the array element is adjusted and a required beam is formed by controlling an attenuator connected with the array element, and the phase of the signal of the array element is controlled by changing the phase of a phase shifter connected with the array element so as to realize beam scanning.
Array antenna is in actual manufacturing process, because the structure asymmetry that causes such as machining precision to and the inconsistency of device itself, the fluctuation of antenna itself in addition, mutual coupling between the antenna array element etc. make the amplitude and the phase place of partial antenna array element probably different with expected value, even partial array element loses efficacy, the variation of array antenna bore field can be caused to the amplitude and phase deviation of array element or inefficacy, and then there is the deviation in the output and the ideal condition that cause the array, influence the performance and the use of antenna. Therefore, the array antenna needs to be diagnosed to determine whether the index of the array antenna meets the design expectation.
The traditional antenna test methods mainly comprise far field test and near field test, and mainly perform the overall characteristic test of the array antenna, so that the fault cannot be positioned to a radiation array element. The existing commonly used middle field single channel test is that each radiating array element is sequentially switched on and off by controlling an array antenna, a wide-lobe test antenna is used for testing in a middle field area of a array surface, namely a far field area relative to the radiating array elements, and whether the array elements are in failure or not is judged by the descending amplitude of received power. Although the method can locate the fault, only one array element can be tested at a time.
A more efficient method for diagnosing an array antenna capable of locating a fault to an array element is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, and to provide a method for diagnosing an array antenna, which can quickly and efficiently diagnose the array antenna with fewer measurements.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a method for diagnosing an array antenna, where the array antenna includes N array elements, and the method includes:
s1, obtaining an array element directional diagram of the array antenna and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram;
s2, exciting I by a feed-in port;
s3, obtaining positions of M first measuring points and first measuring data E of electric/magnetic fields of the array antenna at the M first measuring points, wherein the first measuring data E comprises amplitude and phase information, and M is more than or equal to N/3;
s4, acquiring aperture field excitation I' according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of a first measuring point and first measuring data E;
s5, calculating the caliber field excitation I 'and the reference caliber field excitation I'RFor a single array element, if the difference is greater than a preset threshold, the array element is determined as a faulty array element, and if the difference is less than the preset threshold, the array element is determined as a normal array element.
As a further limitation of the present invention, the array element pattern is obtained by modifying an isolated pattern of array elements.
As a further limitation of the present invention, the modified embodiment is: and correcting by calculation based on a preset correction matrix, or correcting by simulation based on physical parameters of the array antenna or/and a mechanical model or/and a simulation model, wherein the physical parameters of the array antenna comprise an antenna form and an array structure.
As a further limitation of the present invention, in step S4, the array element pattern, the position of the center of the array element pattern, the position of the first measurement point, the first measurement data E, and the aperture field excitation I' satisfy the following relation: and E is YI', wherein E is the electric/magnetic field measured by the M first measuring points and is an M multiplied by 1 matrix, Y is an amplitude-phase transformation matrix from the array element to the first measuring point, and Y is obtained according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram and the position of the first measuring point.
As a further limitation of the invention, a spherical coordinate system is established by taking any reference point as an origin, and the coordinate of the position of the center of the array element directional diagram of the nth array element is (R)n,θn,φn) N is 1,2, …, N, the direction diagram of the array element of the nth array element is shown as fn(θ, φ), the coordinates of the m-th first measurement point position are (R'm,θ′m,φ′m) M is 1,2, …, M, and the amplitude-phase transformation matrix Y from the array element to the measuring point is
As a further limitation of the present invention, the array elements of the array antenna have the same array element pattern, and f1(θ,φ)＝f2(θ,φ)＝…＝fN(theta, phi) is f (theta, phi), and the amplitude-phase transformation matrix Y from the array element to the measuring point is
As a further limitation of the invention, the measurement point is located in the far field of radiation of the array element.
As a further limitation of the invention, when M > N/3, the aperture field excitation I' is calculated by the least squares method.
As a further definition of the invention, the reference aperture field excitation l'RAccording to the method as described in any one of the followingObtaining:
A. pre-selecting an array antenna marker with qualified radiation performance as a golden machine, obtaining an array element directional diagram of the golden machine and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, exciting I by a feed-in port, obtaining the positions of M ' second measurement points and second measurement data E ' of electric/magnetic fields of the golden machine at the M ' second measurement points, wherein the second measurement data E ' contains amplitude and phase information, M ' is more than or equal to N/3, and obtaining reference aperture field excitation I ' according to the array element directional diagram of the golden machine, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of the second measurement point and the second measurement data E 'R(ii) a Or,
B. the method comprises the steps of selecting an array antenna marker with qualified radiation performance and a known directional diagram in advance as a golden machine, obtaining an array element directional diagram of the golden machine and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, and obtaining the position of the gold machine according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram and a golden machine directional diagram F of the golden machineMObtaining the reference caliber field excitation I'R(ii) a Or,
C. according to the design array element directional diagram of the array antenna, the position of the center of the design array element directional diagram and the design directional diagram F of the array antennaDObtaining a reference caliber field excitation I'R。
In the method a, the array element pattern, the position of the center of the array element pattern, the position of the second measurement point, the second measurement data E ' and the reference aperture field excitation I ' of the golden machine are further defined by the present invention 'RSatisfy the relation: e ' ═ Y ' I 'RWherein Y' has a meaning similar to that of said Y and is not described herein again;
in the method B, an array element directional diagram of the golden machine, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram and a golden machine directional diagram FMAnd reference caliber field excitation I'RSatisfy the relation: fM＝(I′R)TXMWherein ()TDenotes transposition, XMIs an array element to golden machine directional diagram FMAmplitude-to-phase transformation matrix of reference plane, XMAccording to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram and the gold machine directional diagram FMObtaining a reference surface;
the above-mentionedIn the method C, an array element directional diagram is designed, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram is designed, and a design directional diagram F of the array antenna is designedDAnd reference caliber field excitation I'RSatisfy the relation: fD＝(I′R)TXDWherein ()TDenotes transposition, XDMeaning of (A) and XMSimilarly, no further description is provided herein.
As a further limitation of the invention, said array element to golden machine pattern FMAmplitude-phase transformation matrix X of reference surfaceMIs composed of
XDmeaning of (A) and XMSimilarly, no further description is provided herein.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a diagnostic apparatus for an array antenna, including:
an array element directional diagram obtaining module, configured to obtain an array element directional diagram of the array antenna and a position of a center of the array element directional diagram;
the feed module is used for feeding excitation to the array antenna feed-in port;
the signal transceiving module is connected with the measuring antenna and used for obtaining the positions of M measuring points, transmitting measuring signals to the array antenna at the M measuring points through the measuring antenna and obtaining measuring data of the electric/magnetic field of the array antenna, wherein the measuring data comprises amplitude and phase information, M is more than or equal to N/3, and N is the array element number of the array antenna;
the aperture field excitation acquisition module is used for acquiring aperture field excitation I' according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of the measuring point and the measuring data;
a fault judgment module for obtaining the caliber field excitation I 'and a preset reference caliber field excitation I'RAnd judging the fault, wherein for a single array element, if the difference is greater than a preset threshold value, the array element is judged to be a fault array element, and if the difference is less than the preset threshold value, the array element is judged to be a normal array element.
As a further limitation of the present invention, the array element pattern obtaining module includes a measuring unit, configured to obtain an array element pattern of the array antenna through measurement.
As a further limitation of the present invention, the array element pattern obtaining module includes:
an array element isolated directional diagram obtaining unit, which is used for obtaining an isolated directional diagram of an array element of the array antenna;
and the correction unit is used for calculating the isolated directional diagram of the array element based on a preset correction matrix to obtain the array element directional diagram of the array antenna, or simulating the isolated directional diagram of the array element based on physical parameters or/and a mechanical model or/and a simulation model to obtain the array element directional diagram of the array antenna, wherein the physical parameters comprise an antenna form and an array structure.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a diagnostic apparatus for an array antenna, which is characterized in that the diagnostic apparatus includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and is characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the foregoing method when executing the computer program.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a diagnostic system for an array antenna is provided, which includes an anechoic chamber and a measuring antenna, and is characterized in that the diagnostic device is integrated in the diagnostic system.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the aforementioned method.
According to the invention, aperture field excitation I 'is obtained through inversion by combining less electric/magnetic field measurement data with prior knowledge of the array antenna such as position information of a measurement point, an array element directional diagram of the array antenna, position information of the center of the array element directional diagram and the like, and aperture field excitation I' is obtained according to the aperture field excitation I 'of each array element and reference aperture field excitation I'RThe difference value of (a) is diagnosed for the array antenna. Compared with the existing method, the method has the advantages of less measurement data, high measurement efficiency and easy engineering realization, can efficiently diagnose the array antenna, can position the fault to a single array element, and has important significance for research and development and array antenna diagnosis on a production line.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a diagnostic method for an array antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a diagnostic apparatus of an array antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is intended to be in the nature of an illustration of the invention and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The array antenna is composed of N array elements, and the directional diagram of the array antenna can be considered as the vector superposition of the directional diagrams of all the array elements under the excitation of the aperture field. According to the invention, aperture field excitation is obtained through inversion of measurement data of an electric/magnetic field of the array antenna, position information of a measurement point, an array element directional diagram of the array antenna and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, and then the array antenna is diagnosed according to reference aperture field excitation. Fig. 1 illustrates a flow of a diagnostic method for an array antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention, the method including the steps of:
s1, obtaining an array element directional diagram of the array antenna and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram. Wherein the array element directional diagram is obtained by correcting the isolated directional diagram of the array element. Specifically, the "correction" is implemented by: the correction is carried out through calculation based on a preset correction matrix, or the correction is carried out through simulation based on physical parameters (including antenna form and array structure) of the array antenna or/and a mechanical model or/and a simulation model.
S2, exciting the feed-in port I. The port excitation I is known and is defined as follows:
wherein,
is port excitation fed by the nth array element, InIs the amplitude of the port excitation fed by the nth array element, j is the unit of an imaginary number,
is the phase of the port excitation fed by the nth array element, N being 1,2, …, N.
S3, carrying out radiation measurement on the array antenna through the measuring antenna at the M first measuring points to obtain the positions of the M first measuring points and first measuring data E of the electric/magnetic fields at the M first measuring points, wherein the first measuring data E comprises amplitude and phase information, and M is more than or equal to N/3. Various measurement modes can be adopted, such as common spherical scanning, planar scanning, cylindrical scanning and the like, or other measurement modes; the first measurement point is located in the radiating far field of the array element.
And S4, acquiring aperture field excitation I' according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of the measuring point and the measuring data E. The aperture field excitation I' is defined as follows:
wherein,
is aperture field excitation of the n-th array element, I'nIs the amplitude of the aperture field excitation of the nth array element,
is the phase of the aperture field excitation of the nth array element;
in the step, an array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of a first measuring point, first measuring data E and aperture field excitation I' satisfy the relational expression: e ═ YI', where E is the electric/magnetic field measured by the M first measurement points, and is an M × 1 matrix, Y is an amplitude-phase transformation matrix from the array element to the first measurement point, and Y is obtained from the array element pattern, the position of the center of the array element pattern, and the position of the first measurement point;
s5, calculating caliber field excitation I 'and reference caliber field excitation I'RFor a single array element, if the difference is greater than a preset threshold, the array element is determined as a faulty array element, and if the difference is less than the preset threshold, the array element is determined as a normal array element.
The execution order of the steps S1 to S5 is not invariable. For example, it can also be carried out in the order of S2 → S3 → S1 → S4 → S5.
The following describes a method for calculating the amplitude-phase transformation matrix Y from the array element to the measurement point in this embodiment.
Establishing a spherical coordinate system by taking any reference point as an origin, wherein the coordinate of the position of the center of the array element directional diagram of the nth array element is (R)n,θn,φn) N is 1,2, …, N, the direction diagram of the array element of the nth array element is shown as fn(θ, φ), the coordinates of the m-th first measurement point position are (R'm,θ′m,φ′m) M is 1,2, …, M, and the amplitude-phase transformation matrix Y from the array element to the first measurement point is:
Then
I' is obtained by the following formula: i ═ Y*Y)-1Y*E, wherein ()*Represents a conjugate transpose;
calculating caliber field excitation I 'and reference caliber field excitation I'RIf the difference is larger than the preset threshold, the array element is judged as a fault array element, otherwise, the array element is a normal array element.
If the array element directional patterns of the array elements of the array antenna are the same, i.e. f1(θ,φ)＝f2(θ,φ)＝…＝ fN(θ, Φ) ═ f (θ, Φ), then the amplitude-phase transformation matrix Y of the array elements to the first measurement point is:
then
I' is obtained by the following formula: i ═ Y*Y)-1Y*E, wherein ()*To representConjugate transpose;
calculating caliber field excitation I 'and reference caliber field excitation I'RIf the difference is larger than the preset threshold, the array element is judged as a fault array element, otherwise, the array element is a normal array element.
Excitation of reference calibre field I'RThe three acquisition modes of (2) are explained:
A. pre-selecting an array antenna marker with qualified radiation performance as a golden machine, obtaining an array element directional diagram of the golden machine and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, exciting I by a feed-in port, obtaining the positions of M ' second measurement points and second measurement data E ' of electric/magnetic fields of the golden machine at the M ' second measurement points, wherein the second measurement data E ' contains amplitude and phase information, M ' is more than or equal to N/3, and obtaining reference aperture field excitation I ' according to the array element directional diagram of the golden machine, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of the second measurement point and the second measurement data E 'R(ii) a Wherein the array element directional diagram of the golden machine, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of the second measurement point, the second measurement data E 'and the reference caliber field excitation I'RSatisfy the relation: e ' ═ Y ' I 'RWherein Y' has a meaning similar to that of Y described above and is not described herein again.
B. The method comprises the steps of selecting an array antenna marker with qualified radiation performance and a known directional diagram in advance as a golden machine, obtaining an array element directional diagram of the golden machine and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, and obtaining the position of the gold machine according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram and a golden machine directional diagram F of the golden machineMObtaining the reference caliber field excitation I'R(ii) a Wherein, the array element directional diagram of the golden machine, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram and the golden machine directional diagram FMAnd reference caliber field excitation I'RSatisfy the relation: fM＝(I′R)TXMWherein ()TDenotes transposition, XMIs an array element to golden machine directional diagram FMAmplitude-to-phase transformation matrix of reference plane, XMAccording to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram and the gold machine directional diagram FMThe reference plane is obtained by taking the reference plane,
C. According to the design array element directional diagram of the array antenna, the position of the center of the design array element directional diagram and the design directional diagram F of the array antennaDObtaining a reference caliber field excitation I'R(ii) a Wherein, the design array element directional diagram center position and the design directional diagram F of the array antennaDAnd reference caliber field excitation I'RSatisfy the relation: fD＝(I′R)TXDWherein ()TDenotes transposition, XDMeaning of (A) and XMSimilarly, no further description is provided herein.
Here, in the present embodiment, there are 3 points to be explained:
(1) the array element directional diagram is obtained by correcting an isolated directional diagram of the array element. Particularly, when the array antenna is a low-coupling array, the mutual coupling effect between the array elements is weak, the influence of the mutual coupling strength of the array elements on the calculation accuracy is considered to be acceptable, and the isolated directional diagram of the array elements can be directly used for calculation.
(2) When M is N/3, when the caliber field excitation I 'is calculated, the equation number is equal to the number of unknown variables to be solved, and the caliber field excitation I' can be obtained by solving a linear equation set; when M is larger than N/3, when the caliber field excitation I 'is calculated, the equation number is larger than the unknown variable number to be solved, and the caliber field excitation I' can be calculated by a least square method. When M 'is equal to N/3 and M' is equal to or greater than N/3, the situation is similar and will not be described again.
(3) The spherical coordinate system used in the present embodiment is only for convenience of description of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that other coordinate systems may be used for description, for example, the spherical coordinate system may be converted into the rectangular coordinate system according to the well-known standard spherical coordinate-rectangular coordinate transformation rule, which does not affect the essence of the present invention and also falls into the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, a second embodiment of the present invention is a calibration apparatus 200 for an array antenna, in this embodiment, the calibration apparatus 200 includes a memory 201 and a processor 202, the memory 201 is connected to the processor 202 so as to store an operating system, an application, computer program codes, data, etc., it is specifically noted that the memory 201 stores a computer program that can be run on the processor 202, the processor 202 implements the steps of the method as described in the foregoing first embodiment when executing the computer program, and the processor 202 is connected to the following modules:
an array element directional diagram obtaining module 203, configured to obtain an array element directional diagram of the array antenna and a position of a center of the array element directional diagram; the module comprises a measuring unit, a receiving unit and a processing unit, wherein the measuring unit is used for measuring and obtaining an array element directional diagram of the array antenna; the module can also comprise an array element isolated directional diagram acquisition unit for acquiring an isolated directional diagram of the array element of the array antenna, and a correction unit for calculating the array element directional diagram of the array antenna based on a preset correction matrix, or acquiring the array element directional diagram of the array antenna by simulating the isolated directional diagram of the array element based on physical parameters (including an antenna form and an array structure) or/and a mechanical model or/and a simulation model.
A feeding module 204, configured to feed excitation to the array antenna feed port;
a signal transceiver module 205 connected to the measuring antenna, configured to obtain positions of M measuring points, transmit measuring signals to the array antenna at the M measuring points through the measuring antenna, and obtain measuring data of the electric/magnetic field of the array antenna, where the measuring data includes amplitude and phase information, M is greater than or equal to N/3, and N is an array element number of the array antenna;
an aperture field excitation obtaining module 206, configured to obtain an aperture field excitation I' according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of the measurement point, and the measurement data;
a fault determination module 207, configured to obtain aperture field excitation I 'and preset reference aperture field excitation I'RAnd judging the fault, wherein for a single array element, if the difference is greater than a preset threshold value, the array element is judged to be a fault array element, and if the difference is less than the preset threshold value, the array element is judged to be a normal array element.
It should be noted that the calibration apparatus 200 is shown for convenience of description, and the calibration apparatus 200 may further include other necessary modules. Furthermore, at least some of the modules in the calibration apparatus 200 may be combined or subdivided.
A third embodiment of the present invention is a calibration system for an array antenna, comprising an anechoic chamber and a measurement antenna, in which the calibration apparatus as described in the second embodiment is integrated.
A fourth embodiment of the present invention is a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to the first embodiment described above.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these substitutions and modifications should be considered to fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (16)
1. A method for diagnosing an array antenna, wherein the array antenna includes N array elements, the method comprising:
s1, obtaining an array element directional diagram of the array antenna and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram;
s2, exciting I by a feed-in port;
s3, obtaining positions of M first measuring points and first measuring data E of electric/magnetic fields of the array antenna at the M first measuring points, wherein the first measuring data E comprises amplitude and phase information, and M is more than or equal to N/3;
s4, acquiring aperture field excitation I' according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of a first measuring point and first measuring data E;
in the step S4, the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of the first measurement point, the first measurement data E, and the aperture field excitation I' satisfy the relation: e ═ YI', where E is the electric/magnetic field measured by the M first measurement points, and is an M × 1 matrix, Y is an amplitude-phase transformation matrix from the array element to the first measurement point, and Y is obtained from the array element pattern, the position of the center of the array element pattern, and the position of the first measurement point;
s5, calculating the caliber field excitation I 'and the reference caliber field excitation I'RFor a single array element, if the difference is greater than a preset threshold, the array element is determined as a faulty array element, and if the difference is less than the preset threshold, the array element is determined as a normal array element.
2. The method for diagnosing an array antenna of claim 1, wherein the array element pattern is obtained by correcting an isolated pattern of an array element.
3. The diagnostic method for the array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the modified embodiment is: and correcting by calculation based on a preset correction matrix, or correcting by simulation based on physical parameters of the array antenna or/and a mechanical model or/and a simulation model, wherein the physical parameters of the array antenna comprise an antenna form and an array structure.
4. The diagnostic method for an array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a spherical coordinate system is established with an arbitrary reference point as an origin, and the coordinates of the position of the center of the array element pattern of the nth array element are (R)n，θn，φn) N is 1,2, the array element direction diagram of the N-th array element is shown as fn(θ, φ), the coordinates of the m-th first measurement point position are (R'm，θ′m，φ′m) M is 1,2, a, M, and the amplitude-phase transformation matrix Y from the array element to the measuring point is
5. The method for diagnosing an array antenna of claim 4, wherein the array elements of the array antenna have the same element pattern, and f1(θ，φ)＝f2(θ，φ)＝…＝fNAnd (theta, phi) is f (theta, phi), and the amplitude-phase transformation matrix Y from the array element to the measuring point is as follows:
6. the method for diagnosing an array antenna of any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, wherein the measuring point is located in a radiation far field of the array element.
7. The method for diagnosing an array antenna of any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, wherein the aperture field excitation I' is calculated by a least square method when M > N/3.
8. Method for diagnosing an array antenna according to claims 1-3,5, characterized in that the reference aperture field excitation I'RObtained according to the method described in any one of the following:
A. pre-selecting an array antenna marker with qualified radiation performance as a golden machine, obtaining an array element directional diagram of the golden machine and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, feeding in an port excitation I, obtaining the positions of M ' second measuring points and second measuring data E ' of an electric/magnetic field of the golden machine at the M ' second measuring points, wherein the second measuring data E ' comprises amplitude and phase information, and M ' is more than or equal toN/3, obtaining reference caliber field excitation I 'according to the array element directional diagram of the golden machine, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of the second measuring point and the second measuring data E'R(ii) a Or,
B. the method comprises the steps of selecting an array antenna marker with qualified radiation performance and a known directional diagram in advance as a golden machine, obtaining an array element directional diagram of the golden machine and the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, and obtaining the position of the gold machine according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram and a golden machine directional diagram F of the golden machineMObtaining the reference caliber field excitation I'R(ii) a Or,
C. according to the design array element directional diagram of the array antenna, the position of the center of the design array element directional diagram and the design directional diagram F of the array antennaDObtaining a reference caliber field excitation I'R。
9. The method for diagnosing an array antenna of claim 8, wherein in the method a, the array element pattern of the golden machine, the position of the center of the array element pattern, the position of the second measurement point, the second measurement data E ', and the reference aperture field excitation I'RSatisfy the relation: e ' ═ Y ' I 'RWherein Y' has a similar meaning to said Y;
in the method B, an array element directional diagram of the golden machine, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram and a golden machine directional diagram FMAnd reference caliber field excitation I'RSatisfy the relation: fM＝(I′R)TXMWherein ()TDenotes transposition, XMIs an array element to golden machine directional diagram FMAmplitude-to-phase transformation matrix of reference plane, XMAccording to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram and the gold machine directional diagram FMObtaining a reference surface;
in the method C, an array element directional diagram is designed, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram is designed, and a design directional diagram F of the array antenna is designedDAnd reference caliber field excitation I'RSatisfy the relation: fD＝(I′R)TXDWherein ()TDenotes transposition, XDMeaning of (A) and XMSimilarly.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the array element-to-golden machine pattern F is a pattern of the array element-to-golden machine patternMAmplitude-phase transformation matrix X of reference surfaceMIs composed of
11. A diagnostic device for an array antenna, the diagnostic device comprising:
an array element directional diagram obtaining module, configured to obtain an array element directional diagram of the array antenna and a position of a center of the array element directional diagram;
the feed module is used for feeding excitation to the array antenna feed-in port;
the signal transceiving module is connected with the measuring antenna and used for obtaining the positions of M measuring points, transmitting measuring signals to the array antenna at the M measuring points through the measuring antenna and obtaining measuring data of the electric/magnetic field of the array antenna, wherein the measuring data comprises amplitude and phase information, M is more than or equal to N/3, and N is the array element number of the array antenna;
an aperture field excitation obtaining module, configured to obtain an aperture field excitation I 'according to the array element directional diagram, the position of the center of the array element directional diagram, the position of the measurement point, and the measurement data, where the aperture field excitation I' is obtained from the array antenna diagnosis method according to claims 1-9;
a fault judgment module for obtaining the caliber field excitation I 'and a preset reference caliber field excitation I'RAnd judging the fault, wherein for a single array element, if the difference is greater than a preset threshold value, the array element is judged to be a fault array element, and if the difference is less than the preset threshold value, the array element is judged to be a normal array element.
12. The array antenna diagnostic device of claim 11, wherein the array element pattern obtaining module comprises a measuring unit for measuring and obtaining an array element pattern of the array antenna.
13. The array antenna diagnostic device according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the array element pattern acquisition module comprises:
an array element isolated directional diagram obtaining unit, which is used for obtaining an isolated directional diagram of an array element of the array antenna;
and the correction unit is used for calculating the isolated directional diagram of the array element based on a preset correction matrix to obtain the array element directional diagram of the array antenna, or simulating the isolated directional diagram of the array element based on physical parameters or/and a mechanical model or/and a simulation model to obtain the array element directional diagram of the array antenna, wherein the physical parameters comprise an antenna form and an array structure.
14. A diagnostic device for an array antenna, characterized in that the diagnostic device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1-6,9 when executing the computer program.
15. A diagnostic system for an array antenna comprising an anechoic chamber and a measuring antenna, characterized in that a diagnostic device according to any one of claims 11,12,14 is integrated in the diagnostic system.
16. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-6, 9.
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| CN113343486B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-09-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Array antenna failure unit rapid diagnosis method based on mode characteristics |
| CN113671270B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2024-06-11 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Antenna test system and method based on digital switch |
| CN114239259B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2024-06-28 | 厦门大学 | Ring array diagnosis method based on phase-mode space parameter estimation |
| CN114325227B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2024-01-23 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | Fault positioning method and system for radio frequency array feed system |
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Application publication date: 20190528 Assignee: SHENZHEN VICREATE MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Assignor: GENERAL TEST SYSTEMS Inc. Contract record no.: X2022980026062 Denomination of invention: A diagnostic method, equipment and system of array antenna Granted publication date: 20210803 License type: Common License Record date: 20221212 |