CN109813754B - System and method for measuring and optimizing heat absorber truncation efficiency - Google Patents
System and method for measuring and optimizing heat absorber truncation efficiency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for measuring and optimizing the cutoff efficiency of a heat absorber, wherein the system comprises: the device comprises a heliostat field, a heat absorber, an upper protection photovoltaic panel, a lower protection photovoltaic panel, an overflow light spot collection photovoltaic panel, a DNI measuring instrument, a data acquisition server and a computer control end, wherein the data acquisition server is used for acquiring energy data collected on the upper protection photovoltaic panel, the lower protection photovoltaic panel and the overflow light spot collection photovoltaic panel and solar direct radiation energy measured by the DNI measuring instrument; and the computer control end is used for calculating the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber according to the data acquired by the data acquisition server, optimizing the pointing point of the heat absorber and further controlling the sun tracking motion of the heliostat in the heliostat field. The method solves the technical problems that in the prior art, because the energy overflowing the heat absorber has no means of direct measurement, the light spot overflowing condition cannot be accurately known, the optimization of the pointing point of the heat absorber only stays at the theoretical simulation level, and the real optimization effect is not ideal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tower type solar thermal power generation, in particular to a system and a method for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of a heat absorber.
Background
While the economy is continuously developed, the energy is in short supply day by day, the traditional non-renewable energy is exhausted day by day, the economic development is more and more limited by the development and utilization of the energy, the utilization of the renewable energy is generally concerned, and particularly, the solar energy is more concerned by people in the world.
Solar thermal power generation is one of the main ways in which solar energy is currently utilized. The current solar thermal power generation can be divided into (1) tower type solar thermal power generation according to a solar energy collection mode; (2) the trough type solar thermal power generation; (3) disc type solar thermal power generation.
In the field of solar thermal power generation, tower type solar thermal power generation becomes a next novel energy technology capable of commercial operation due to the advantages of high light-heat conversion efficiency, high focusing temperature, simple installation and debugging of a control system, low heat dissipation loss and the like.
In the field of tower-type solar thermal power generation, as shown in fig. 1, a heliostat reflects sunlight to a heat absorber on the top of a heat absorption tower to heat a heat absorption medium, so that light energy is converted into heat energy to drive a steam turbine to generate power.
In-process at the heliostat with the reflection facula to the heat absorber surface, there is some energy inevitable to spill over the heat absorber surface and project on the heat absorber upper and lower guard plate and in the heat absorber peripheral air, causes the factor that the energy spills over many, mainly includes: the area of the heat absorber is not enough to accommodate all light spots, the area of light spots reflected by the heliostat is too large along with the increase of the distance of the mirror tower, the design of a pointing point projected to the surface of the heat absorber by the heliostat is unreasonable, and the like, wherein the size of the area of the heat absorber is determined by the scale of a mirror field and the comprehensive optimization after heat dissipation is considered, and the infinite matching of the size of the light spots cannot be realized; the area of the reflecting light spot of the heliostat is determined by the convergence form of the mirror surface and the distance of the mirror tower, and no more space capable of being optimized exists after the mirror field is determined; the pointing point of the heliostat projected onto the heat absorber can be optimized and configured according to the light spot convergence condition, the light spot overflow condition cannot be accurately known because the energy overflowing the heat absorber has no means of direct measurement, the optimization of the pointing point of the heliostat projected onto the heat absorber only stays in a theoretical simulation level, and the real optimization effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of a heat absorber, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, because the energy overflowing the heat absorber has no means capable of being directly measured, the light spot overflowing condition cannot be accurately known, the optimization of the pointing point of the heat absorber only stays in the theoretical simulation level, and the real optimization effect is not ideal.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a system for measuring and optimizing the cutoff efficiency of a heat absorber, comprising:
a heliostat field for reflecting solar radiant energy to a heat absorber surface;
the heat absorber is used for absorbing solar radiation energy reflected by the heliostat and heating an internal medium of the heliostat;
the upper protective photovoltaic panel is arranged above the heat absorber and used for receiving solar radiant energy overflowing to the heat absorber;
the lower protective photovoltaic panel is arranged below the heat absorber and used for receiving solar radiant energy overflowing to the lower part of the heat absorber;
the overflow light spot collection photovoltaic panel is arranged on the side surface of the heat absorber and used for receiving solar radiation energy overflowing to the air around the heat absorber;
the DNI measuring instrument is arranged in the mirror field and is used for measuring the direct solar radiation amount in the mirror field;
The data acquisition server is respectively electrically connected with the upper protection photovoltaic panel, the lower protection photovoltaic panel, the overflow light spot collection photovoltaic panel and the DNI measuring instrument, and is used for acquiring energy data collected on the upper protection photovoltaic panel, the lower protection photovoltaic panel and the overflow light spot collection photovoltaic panel and acquiring solar direct radiation energy measured by the DNI measuring instrument;
and the computer control end is electrically connected with the data acquisition server and used for calculating the cutoff efficiency of the heat collector according to the data acquired by the data acquisition server, optimizing the pointing point of the heat collector and further controlling the sun tracking motion of the heliostat in the heliostat field.
Preferably, the mirror field comprises 1 or more DNI measuring instruments, and when a plurality of DNI measuring instruments are provided, the plurality of DNI measuring instruments are respectively arranged at different regions in the mirror field.
Preferably, the number of the overflowing light spot collecting photovoltaic panels is not less than 3, and the overflowing light spot collecting photovoltaic panels are uniformly distributed around the heat absorber.
Preferably, the overflow light spot collecting photovoltaic panel is arranged in the direction of the true south, the true north, the true east and the true west of the heat absorber respectively.
Preferably, the upper protection photovoltaic panel, the lower protection photovoltaic panel and the overflow light spot collection photovoltaic panel are respectively formed by splicing a plurality of small photovoltaic panels.
Preferably, the sizes of the upper protection photovoltaic plate, the lower protection photovoltaic plate and the plurality of small photovoltaic plates overflowing the light spot collection photovoltaic plate are changed from small to large according to the sequence from near to far away from the center of the heat absorber.
Preferably, the temperature resistance of the upper protection photovoltaic plate, the lower protection photovoltaic plate and the plurality of small photovoltaic plates overflowing the light spot collection photovoltaic plate gradually changes from high to low according to the sequence from near to far away from the center of the heat absorber.
The invention also provides a method for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber, which comprises the following steps:
step one, designing a heat absorber pointing point by a computer control end according to a preset simulation result and controlling a heliostat to project a reflection light spot onto the surface of the heat absorber;
step two, an upper protection photovoltaic plate, a lower protection photovoltaic plate and an overflow light spot collection photovoltaic plate of the heat absorber respectively collect solar radiation energy overflowing the surface of the heat absorber, and send collected energy data to a data collection server; the DNI measuring instrument collects the solar direct radiation energy value in the mirror field and sends the solar direct radiation energy value to the data collection server;
step three, the computer control end calculates the total projection energy of the mirror field according to the data collected by the data collection server;
Analyzing and calculating the total energy and the energy distribution condition of the overflowing heat absorber by the computer control end according to the energy data collected by the upper protection photovoltaic panel, the lower protection photovoltaic panel and the overflowing light spot collection photovoltaic panel which are collected by the data collection server;
step five, the computer control end calculates the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber according to the total mirror field projection energy and the total overflowing energy of the heat absorber, the ratio of the energy value projected onto the heat absorber to the total mirror field projection energy is the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber, and the difference between the total mirror field projection energy and the total overflowing energy is the energy value projected onto the heat absorber;
and step six, the computer control end compares the calculation result of the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber with a design value, and if the calculation result is smaller than the design value, the heat absorber point optimization module is started.
Preferably, in step three, the total energy of the mirror field projection is EField，EField＝DNI*Amirror*Nmirror*ηt*ηcos*ηs*ηb*ηc*ηrWherein DNI is solar direct radiation energy in a mirror field, AmirrorFor a single heliostat area, NmirrorrNumber of heliostats put into operation in a field of heliostats, etatIs the atmospheric transmission efficiency of the mirror field, etacosIs the cosine efficiency of the mirror field, ηsFor shadow efficiency of mirror field, ηbFor the shielding efficiency of the mirror field, ηcIs the cleanness of the mirror field, ηrIs the heliostat reflectivity.
Preferably, in step five, the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber is
Wherein, EFieldProjecting the total energy, E, for the mirror fieldOverflowTo spill over the total heat sink energy.
Preferably, the method further comprises a seventh step of analyzing main factors causing the light spot overflow according to the energy distribution and the position distribution of the overflow light spots in the heat absorber pointing point optimization module, and further optimizing the heat absorber pointing point.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
step eight, converting the optimization result of the pointing point of the heat absorber into a control instruction of a heliostat in a heliostat field by the computer control end, and controlling the heliostat to project reflected light onto the surface of the heat absorber in an optimized projection mode;
and step nine, repeatedly executing the step two to the step eight, and continuously measuring the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber and optimizing the pointing point of the heat absorber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a system and a method for measuring and optimizing the cutoff efficiency of a heat absorber, wherein the system for measuring the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber comprises a heliostat mirror field, a heat absorber, an upper protective photovoltaic panel, a lower protective photovoltaic panel, an overflow light spot collecting photovoltaic panel, a DNI (direct solar radiation) measuring instrument, a computer control end and a data acquisition server; the mirror field reflection area can be obtained in real time through the computer control end, the real-time DNI data can be obtained through the data acquisition server, the total projection energy of the mirror field can be calculated, the energy value projected onto the heat absorber can be further calculated through the total projection energy of the mirror field and the total projection energy of the overflowing heat absorber, and the ratio of the energy value projected onto the heat absorber to the total projection energy of the mirror field is the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber. Furthermore, by analyzing the energy distribution and energy value of light spots overflowing to the upper protection photovoltaic plate, the lower protection photovoltaic plate and the overflowing light spot collection photovoltaic plate, the main factor causing light spot overflow can be found, the pointing point of the heat absorber is optimized and adjusted according to the factor, the optimization effect is fed back in real time in subsequent real-time measurement, and the purpose of continuously optimizing the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber is finally achieved through continuous iterative operation optimization of the heat absorber truncation efficiency measurement system. The heat absorber truncation efficiency measuring system and the truncation efficiency optimizing method not only realize real-time measurement of the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber, but also can continuously optimize the truncation efficiency through the feedback system.
The solar energy power generation system and the method not only solve the problem that the current cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber cannot be directly measured, but also effectively absorb and utilize the overflowing energy through the photovoltaic panel in the measurement process, ensure the full utilization of the mirror field reflection energy and improve the power generation efficiency of the whole solar energy power generation system.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional tower-type solar thermal power generation system;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring and optimizing the cutoff efficiency of a heat absorber according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of measuring and optimizing heat absorber cutoff efficiency according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a front view of a heat absorber with photovoltaic panel of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of a heat sink with a photovoltaic panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a heat absorber with a photovoltaic panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The system and method for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of a heat absorber according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2 to 6, and this embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify and decorate the system and method without changing the spirit and content of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2 to 6, a system for measuring and optimizing the cutoff efficiency of a heat absorber includes:
the heliostat field comprises a plurality of heliostats 5 and is used for reflecting solar radiant energy to the surface of the heat absorber 1;
the heat absorber 1 is used for absorbing solar radiation energy reflected by the heliostat 5 and heating the medium in the heat absorber;
the upper protective photovoltaic panel 2 is arranged above the heat absorber 1 and used for receiving solar radiant energy overflowing to the heat absorber 1;
the lower protective photovoltaic panel 3 is arranged below the heat absorber 1 and is used for receiving solar radiant energy overflowing to the lower part of the heat absorber 1;
The overflow light spot collecting photovoltaic panel 4 is arranged on the side surface of the heat absorber 1 and is used for receiving solar radiation energy overflowing into air around the heat absorber 1;
a DNI (solar direct radiation) measuring instrument 6 arranged in the mirror field and used for measuring the direct solar radiation amount in the mirror field;
the data acquisition server 7 is electrically connected with the upper protection photovoltaic panel 2, the lower protection photovoltaic panel 3, the overflow spot collection photovoltaic panel 4 and the DNI measuring instrument 6 respectively, and is used for acquiring energy data collected on the upper protection photovoltaic panel 2, the lower protection photovoltaic panel 3 and the overflow spot collection photovoltaic panel 4 and acquiring solar direct radiation energy measured by the DNI measuring instrument 6;
and the computer control end 8 is electrically connected with the data acquisition server 7 and used for calculating the cutoff efficiency of the heat collector according to the data acquired by the data acquisition server 7, optimizing the pointing point of the heat collector and further controlling the sun tracking motion of the heliostat 5 in the mirror field.
In the present embodiment, depending on the size of the scale of the mirror field, 1 or more DNI meters 6 may be arranged in the mirror field. When a plurality of DNI measuring instruments 6 are arranged, the plurality of DNI measuring instruments 6 are respectively arranged in different areas of the mirror field, so that direct measurement data can be provided for the direct solar radiation conditions of the different areas of the mirror field, and the calculation accuracy of the projection energy of the mirror field is improved.
This embodiment does not do specific restriction to last protection photovoltaic board 2, lower protection photovoltaic board 3 and overflow light spot and collect photovoltaic board 4's size, can design according to the simulation result of projecting combination light spot on the heat absorber 1 to need reserve 10% -20% surplus, the quantity that overflows light spot and collect photovoltaic board 4 is 3 and above, and the position of arranging that overflows light spot and collect photovoltaic board 4 is preferably relative heat absorber 1 center pin equipartition around heat absorber 1. In this embodiment, the simulation of the combined light spot projected onto the heat absorber 1 can provide the size and the energy distribution condition of the energy coverage range of the combined light spot, what needs to be used here is the size of the energy distribution range, and the sizes of the upper protective photovoltaic panel 2, the lower protective photovoltaic panel 3 and the overflow light spot collecting photovoltaic panel 4 need to ensure that a 10% -20% margin is reserved on the basis of the size of the energy range of the combined light spot.
In this embodiment, go up protection photovoltaic board 2, lower protection photovoltaic board 3 and overflow light spot and collect photovoltaic board 4 and form by the concatenation of a plurality of fritter photovoltaic boards respectively.
Preferably, the size of the upper protection photovoltaic panel 2, the size of the lower protection photovoltaic panel 3, and the size of the plurality of small photovoltaic panels overflowing the light spot collection photovoltaic panel 4 are sequentially increased from small to large from near to far from the center of the heat absorber 1, that is, the smaller the size of the small photovoltaic panels is, the farther the distance is, the larger the size of the small photovoltaic panels is, so as to ensure that the energy distribution condition with the highest precision can be obtained when the overflow energy of the heat absorber is calculated.
Preferably, the temperature resistance of the upper protection photovoltaic panel 2, the lower protection photovoltaic panel 3 and the plurality of small photovoltaic panels overflowing the light spot collection photovoltaic panel 4 gradually changes from high to low in the sequence from near to far from the center of the heat absorber 1, that is, the smaller the distance from the center of the heat absorber 1, the material of the selected small photovoltaic panel needs to have higher temperature resistance, and the farther the distance from the center of the heat absorber 1, the temperature resistance of the material of the selected small photovoltaic panel can be correspondingly reduced. This embodiment does not do specific restriction to fritter photovoltaic board material, the piece of fritter photovoltaic board material is selected and to be designed according to the simulation result of projecting combination facula on heat absorber 1, the piece of fritter photovoltaic board operating temperature select should leave 20% to 50% safety margin for the temperature that overflows the position in the simulation result, the piece of fritter photovoltaic board material is according to what projects on heat absorber 1 that the different position energy distribution condition of combination facula decides promptly, the high photovoltaic board material of temperature resistant is selected to the high position of energy, the lower photovoltaic board material of temperature resistant is selected to the place of low energy.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, 4-sided overflow spot collecting photovoltaic panels 4 are disposed and uniformly distributed in the directions of the heat absorber 1, which are respectively 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4 d.
Referring to fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the upper protective photovoltaic panel 2 of the heat absorber 1, the lower protective photovoltaic panel 3 of the heat absorber 1, and the overflow spot collecting photovoltaic panel (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) are formed by splicing a plurality of small photovoltaic panels, and the smaller the size of the small photovoltaic panel is, the farther the small photovoltaic panel is from the center of the heat absorber 1, the larger the size of the small photovoltaic panel is, wherein the upper protective photovoltaic panel 2 is formed by splicing small photovoltaic panels (21, 4 a...... so, 2n), the lower protective photovoltaic panel 3 is formed by splicing small photovoltaic panels (31, 31.. so, 3n), the overflow spot collecting photovoltaic panel 4a is formed by splicing small photovoltaic panels (4a1, 4 a.. 2.., 4an), and the spot collecting photovoltaic panel 4b is formed by splicing small photovoltaic panels (4b1, 4b 2.....,. 4 a.. so, 4 a.. 3 b., 4bn), while the overflow spot collection photovoltaic panels (4c, 4d), which are not specifically shown because they are not visible at the angles shown in the figures, are constructed in the same manner as the overflow spot collection photovoltaic panels (4a, 4 b).
Referring to fig. 3, the present invention further provides a method for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of a heat absorber, including the following steps:
firstly, a light-gathering and heat-collecting field starts to operate, a computer control end designs a heat absorber pointing point according to a preset simulation result and controls a heliostat to project a reflection light spot to the surface of the heat absorber;
Step two, an upper protection photovoltaic plate, a lower protection photovoltaic plate and an overflow light spot collection photovoltaic plate of the heat absorber respectively collect solar radiation energy overflowing the surface of the heat absorber, and the collected energy data are sent to a data collection server; the DNI measuring instrument collects the solar direct radiation energy value in the mirror field and sends the solar direct radiation energy value to the data collection server;
step three, the computer control end calculates the total projection energy of the mirror field according to the data collected by the data collection server;
in the third step, the total energy of the mirror field projection is EField，EField＝DNI*Amirror*Nmirror*ηt*ηcos*ηs*ηb*ηc*ηrWherein DNI is solar direct radiation energy in a mirror field, AmirrorFor a single heliostat area, NmirrorrNumber of heliostats put into operation in a field of heliostats, etatIs the atmospheric transmission efficiency of the mirror field, etacosIs the cosine efficiency of the mirror field, ηsFor shadow efficiency of mirror field, ηbFor the shielding efficiency of the mirror field, ηcIs the cleanness of the mirror field, ηrIs the heliostat reflectivity. In this step, if a plurality of DNI measuring instruments are set in the field of view, an optimal value at the same time is selected and substituted into the formula for calculation. When a mirror field is determined, AmirrorFor a single heliostat area, NmirrorrNumber of heliostats put into operation in a field of heliostats, etatIs the atmospheric transmission efficiency of the mirror field, etacosIs the cosine efficiency of the mirror field, η sIs the shadow efficiency of the mirror field, etabFor the shielding efficiency of the mirror field, ηcIs the cleanness of the mirror field, ηrThe heliostat reflectivity is a definite value, and is not described in detail here.
Analyzing and calculating the total energy and the energy distribution condition of the overflowing heat absorber by the computer control end according to the energy data collected by the upper protection photovoltaic panel, the lower protection photovoltaic panel and the overflowing light spot collection photovoltaic panel which are collected by the data collection server;
in the fourth step, the total energy of the overflowing heat absorber is the sum of the energies collected by the upper protection photovoltaic panel, the lower protection photovoltaic panel and the overflowing light spot collection photovoltaic panel, each photovoltaic panel is formed by splicing a plurality of small photovoltaic panels, and the distribution condition of the whole overflowing energy can be determined through the energy value collected on each small photovoltaic panel.
Step five, the computer control end calculates the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber according to the total mirror field projection energy and the total overflowing energy of the heat absorber, the ratio of the energy value projected onto the heat absorber to the total mirror field projection energy is the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber, and the difference between the total mirror field projection energy and the total overflowing energy is the energy value projected onto the heat absorber;
in the fifth step, the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber is eta truc，
Wherein, EFieldTotal energy for the projection of the mirror field, calculated in step three, EOverflowTo spill over the total heat sink energy.
Step six, the computer control end compares the calculation result of the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber with a design value, and if the calculation result is smaller than the design value, the heat absorber enters a heat absorber pointing point optimization module;
in the sixth step, if the calculation result of the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber is greater than the design value, the computer control end can further evaluate whether the heat absorber pointing point has a further optimization space. When comparing the design value of the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber with the calculated result, first comparing only whether the value reaches the design value, for example, the design value is 95%, and actually calculating is 96%, it indicates that the cutoff efficiency value is reached. Because the measurement result of the embodiment also gives the distribution condition of the overflowing light spot, when a design value is made, a simulation result of the distribution condition of the overflowing light spot also exists, if the distribution conditions of the overflowing light spot and the design value are basically consistent, the actual design goal is basically reached, no further optimization is necessary, and if the distribution condition of the overflowing light spot is greatly different from the design condition, the pointing strategy of the pointing point needs to be adjusted according to the distribution condition of the overflowing light spot.
Analyzing main factors causing light spot overflow according to the energy distribution and position distribution conditions of the overflow light spots in a heat absorber pointing point optimization module, and further optimizing the heat absorber pointing point;
in the seventh step, according to the design strategy of the pointing points and the projection precision control of the heliostat light spots, the overflowing light spots can be positioned to which heliostats cause, and on the basis, the pointing points of the heliostats are further optimized, that is, the positions of the corresponding heliostats are adjusted to make the overflowing of the light spots within the design range.
Step eight, converting an optimization result of a pointing point of the heat absorber into a control instruction of a heliostat in a heliostat field by the computer control end, and controlling the heliostat to project reflected light to the surface of the heat absorber according to an optimized projection mode;
and step nine, repeatedly executing the step two to the step eight, continuously and constantly measuring the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber in real time and optimizing the pointing point of the heat absorber.
In this embodiment, when the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber reaches the design value and the optimization space of the heat absorber pointing point is limited, the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber can be monitored only in real time without performing optimization of the heat absorber pointing point, and the calculation amount of the computer control end is reduced until the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber is reduced and the heat absorber pointing point has the optimization space, and the heat absorber pointing point optimization module is restarted.
When the projected energy of the mirror field is greater than the absorption capacity of the heat absorber, the redundant energy can be projected onto the upper protective photovoltaic plate, the lower protective photovoltaic plate and the overflow light spot collecting photovoltaic plate of the heat absorber in a balanced manner by optimizing the pointing point of the heat absorber, so that the overall power generation efficiency of the light-gathering and heat-collecting system is improved.
The disclosure above is only one specific embodiment of the present application, but the present application is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (12)
1. A system for measuring and optimizing heat absorber cutoff efficiency, comprising:
the heliostat field is used for reflecting solar radiant energy to the surface of the heat absorber;
the heat absorber is used for absorbing solar radiation energy reflected by the heliostat and heating an internal medium of the heat absorber;
the upper protection photovoltaic panel is arranged above the heat absorber and used for receiving solar radiation energy overflowing to the upper part of the heat absorber;
the lower protective photovoltaic panel is arranged below the heat absorber and used for receiving solar radiation energy overflowing to the lower part of the heat absorber;
the overflow light spot collection photovoltaic panel is arranged on the side surface of the heat absorber and used for receiving solar radiation energy overflowing to the air around the heat absorber;
The DNI measuring instrument is arranged in the mirror field and is used for measuring the direct solar radiation amount in the mirror field;
the data acquisition server is respectively electrically connected with the upper protection photovoltaic plate, the lower protection photovoltaic plate, the overflow light spot collection photovoltaic plate and the DNI measuring instrument, and is used for acquiring energy data collected on the upper protection photovoltaic plate, the lower protection photovoltaic plate and the overflow light spot collection photovoltaic plate and acquiring solar direct radiation energy measured by the DNI measuring instrument;
the computer control end is electrically connected with the data acquisition server, calculates total mirror field projection energy according to data measured by the DNI measuring instrument acquired by the data acquisition server, analyzes and calculates total overflowing heat absorber energy and energy distribution according to energy data acquired by the upper protective photovoltaic panel, the lower protective photovoltaic panel and the overflowing light spot collecting photovoltaic panel acquired by the data acquisition server, calculates the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber, the ratio of the total mirror field projection energy to the energy projected onto the heat absorber is the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber, and the difference between the total mirror field projection energy and the overflowing heat absorber is the total energy projected onto the heat absorber; and the computer control end compares the calculation result of the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber with a design value, and if the calculation result is smaller than the design value, the pointing point of the heat absorber is optimized, so that the sun tracking motion of the heliostat in the heliostat field is controlled.
2. The system for measuring and optimizing the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber of claim 1 wherein the mirror field comprises 1 or more DNI meters, and wherein when a plurality of DNI meters are provided, the plurality of DNI meters are each disposed at a different location in the mirror field.
3. The system for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber according to claim 1, wherein the number of the overflowing light spot collecting photovoltaic panels is not less than 3, and a plurality of overflowing light spot collecting photovoltaic panels are uniformly distributed around the heat absorber.
4. The system for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber according to claim 3, wherein the overflow spot collecting photovoltaic panel is arranged in the direction of the south, the north, the east and the west of the heat absorber.
5. The system for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of a heat absorber according to claim 1, wherein the upper protective photovoltaic panel, the lower protective photovoltaic panel and the overflow spot collection photovoltaic panel are respectively formed by splicing a plurality of small photovoltaic panels.
6. The system for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber according to claim 5, wherein the sizes of the plurality of small photovoltaic panels of the upper protective photovoltaic panel, the lower protective photovoltaic panel and the overflow spot collection photovoltaic panel are gradually increased from small to large in the order from near to far from the center of the heat absorber.
7. The system for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber according to claim 5, wherein the temperature resistance of the photovoltaic panels of the upper protective photovoltaic panel, the lower protective photovoltaic panel and the overflow spot collection photovoltaic panel gradually changes from high to low in a sequence from near to far from the center of the heat absorber.
8. A method for measuring and optimizing the truncation efficiency of a heat absorber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
designing a heat absorber pointing point by a computer control end according to a preset simulation result and controlling a heliostat to project a reflection light spot to the surface of the heat absorber;
step two, an upper protection photovoltaic plate, a lower protection photovoltaic plate and an overflow light spot collection photovoltaic plate of the heat absorber respectively collect solar radiation energy overflowing the surface of the heat absorber, and the collected energy data are sent to a data collection server; the DNI measuring instrument collects the solar direct radiation energy value in the mirror field and sends the solar direct radiation energy value to the data collection server;
step three, the computer control end calculates the total projection energy of the mirror field according to the data collected by the data collection server;
analyzing and calculating the total energy and the energy distribution condition of the overflowing heat absorber by the computer control end according to the energy data collected by the upper protection photovoltaic panel, the lower protection photovoltaic panel and the overflowing light spot collecting photovoltaic panel which are collected by the data collecting server;
Step five, the computer control end calculates the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber according to the total mirror field projection energy and the total overflowing heat absorber energy, the ratio of the energy value projected onto the heat absorber to the total mirror field projection energy is the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber, and the difference between the total mirror field projection energy and the total overflowing heat absorber energy is the energy value projected onto the heat absorber;
and step six, comparing the calculation result of the truncation efficiency of the heat absorber with a design value by the computer control end, and entering a heat absorber pointing point optimization module if the calculation result is smaller than the design value.
9. The method for measuring and optimizing the cutoff efficiency of a heat absorber of claim 8 wherein in step three, the total mirror field projection energy is EField，EField＝DNI*Amirror*Nmirror*ηt*ηcos*ηs*ηb*ηc*ηrWherein DNI is solar direct radiation energy in a mirror field, AmirrorFor a single heliostat area, NmirrorrNumber of heliostats put into operation in a field of heliostats, etatIs the atmospheric transmission efficiency of the mirror field, etacosIs the cosine efficiency of the mirror field, ηsFor shadow efficiency of mirror field, ηbFor the shielding efficiency of the mirror field, ηcIs the cleanness of the mirror field, ηrIs the heliostat reflectivity.
10. A measuring and optimizing heat sink as described in claim 9A method of cutting off efficiency, characterized in that in step five, the cutting off efficiency of the heat absorber is η truc，
Wherein, EFieldProjecting the total energy, E, for the mirror fieldOverflowTo spill over the total energy of the absorber.
11. The method for measuring and optimizing the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber according to claim 8, further comprising a step seven of analyzing main factors causing the light spot overflow according to the energy distribution and the position distribution of the overflow light spot in the heat absorber pointing point optimization module, and further optimizing the heat absorber pointing point.
12. The method of measuring and optimizing heat sink cutoff efficiency according to claim 11, further comprising:
step eight, converting an optimization result of a pointing point of the heat absorber into a control instruction of a heliostat in a heliostat field by the computer control end, and controlling the heliostat to project reflected light to the surface of the heat absorber according to an optimized projection mode;
and step nine, repeatedly executing the step two to the step eight, and continuously measuring the cutoff efficiency of the heat absorber and optimizing the pointing point of the heat absorber.
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| CN113128056B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-12-13 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司 | Distributed computing device and method for measuring and calculating power of photo-thermal power generation mirror field |
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