CN109813451A - The all phase measurement of ultrashort pulse and locking means and corresponding device - Google Patents
The all phase measurement of ultrashort pulse and locking means and corresponding device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of all phase measurement method of ultrashort pulse, the spectral region of the ultrashort pulse is greater than an octave, described method includes following steps: step 1: the ultrashort pulse is divided into the first light beam and the second light beam, wherein, first light beam includes wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light, second light beam include 2 λ of wavelength0Light；Step 2: by 2 λ of wavelength0Optical sccond-harmonic generation to wavelength X0, then with the wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light interfere；Step 3: Fourier transformation is carried out to the interference spectrum of the interference；And step 4: the result based on the Fourier transformation obtains wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light and frequency doubled light between opposed envelope be delayed RED and carrier envelope phase CEP.Method of the invention can realize simultaneously all phase measurement of ultrashort pulse using a set of simple device, and measurement accuracy is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of measurement of all phase of laser technology field more particularly to ultrashort pulse and locking devices
With corresponding method.
Background technique
In laser technology field, how to obtain the laser pulse that energy is stronger, pulsewidth is shorter and be important research side always
To.Wherein, it is concerned with to control and synthesize and composite pulse all shorter than each incident pulse in pulsewidth had both may be implemented, can also makes
The energy of incident pulse is greatly enhanced, therefore its application in the generation field of superpower ultrashort pulse is current
In the world with the advanced subject of strategic importance.The key factor of relevant control and synthesis is how to realize ultrashort pulse
All phase measurement and locking.
Relative phase of all phase of ultrafast laser between multiple optics coherence tomography laser pulses comprising multiple relevant conjunctions
At between laser pulse opposed envelope delay (RED) and optics coherence tomography after laser pulse carrier envelope phase (CEP) two
, opposed envelope delay RED is the relative phase difference between two pulses envelope, and carrier envelope phase CEP is single pulse
The phase difference of middle carrier wave and envelope peak.In few-cycle laser pulse field, RED and CEP have very the optics coherence tomography of pulse
Big influence.Currently, locking control can be carried out to RED and CEP respectively in the world, wherein the method for locking control RED has flat
Weigh optics cross-correlation (BOC) and spectral interference scheme etc., and the method for locking control CEP has f-2f scheme etc..Desired pair
RED and CEP is locked simultaneously and control, just must be provided with two sets of different devices, this makes, and measurement process is extremely complex, operation is difficult
Degree is high, measurement accuracy is poor.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to overcome the defect of the above-mentioned prior art, a kind of the complete of ultrashort pulse is provided
The spectral region of Method for Phase Difference Measurement, the ultrashort pulse is greater than an octave, and described method includes following steps:
Step 1: the ultrashort pulse is divided into the first light beam and the second light beam, wherein first light beam includes
Wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light, second light beam include 2 λ of wavelength0Light；
Step 2: by 2 λ of wavelength0Optical sccond-harmonic generation to wavelength X0, then with the wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light interfere；
Step 3: Fourier transformation is carried out to the interference spectrum of the interference；And
Step 4: the result based on the Fourier transformation obtains wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light and frequency doubled light between opposite packet
Network delay RED and carrier envelope phase CEP.
All phase measurement method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the spectral region of the ultrashort pulse is 450nm-
1000nm。
All phase measurement method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the λ0For 480nm.
All phase measurement method according to the present invention, it is preferable that in the step 4, the result of the Fourier transformation
In, the abscissa and ordinate of first peak point respectively indicate the opposed envelope delay RED and total relative phase RTP.
All phase measurement method according to the present invention, it is preferable that calculating the carrier wave according to the following formula includes phase
CEP:
Wherein, it is the frequency of the ultrashort pulse that Ф, which is total relative phase RTP, w, and Δ t is opposed envelope delay
RED,For carrier envelope phase CEP.
All phase measurement method according to the present invention, it is preferable that further include:
Step 5: including the step that phase CEP carries out feedback lock based on opposed envelope delay RED and the carrier wave
Suddenly.
The present invention also provides a kind of all phase measuring devices of ultrashort pulse, comprising:
Ultrafast laser source is greater than the ultrashort pulse of an octave for emission spectrum range；
Beam splitting element, for the ultrashort pulse to be divided into the first light beam and the second light beam, wherein first light
Beam includes wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light, second light beam include 2 λ of wavelength0Light；
At least one light path regulating member, for adjusting the light path of first light beam or second light beam；
Beam element is closed, is set to after at least one described light path regulating member, is used for first light beam and second
Light beam closes beam；
Frequency-doubling crystal is used for 2 λ of wavelength0Optical sccond-harmonic generation to λ0；
Polarization adjustment element is used for adjusting wavelength λ0Fundamental frequency light and wavelength X0Frequency doubled light polarization direction so that the two
It interferes；
Spectra collection device, for acquiring the spectral line of the interference；And
Data processing unit, for the spectral line to be carried out Fourier transformation and extracts wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light and times
Opposed envelope delay RED and carrier envelope phase CEP between frequency light.
The all phase measuring device of ultrashort pulse according to the present invention, it is preferable that further include feedback control unit, use
In opposed envelope delay RED is fed back at least one described light path regulating member, and by the carrier envelope phase
CEP feeds back to the ultrafast laser source.
The all phase measuring device of ultrashort pulse according to the present invention, it is preferable that the result of the Fourier transformation
In, the abscissa and ordinate of first peak point respectively indicate the opposed envelope delay RED and total relative phase RTP.
The all phase measuring device of ultrashort pulse according to the present invention, it is preferable that the data processing unit according to
It includes phase CEP that following formula, which calculates the carrier wave:
Wherein, it is the frequency of the ultrashort pulse that Ф, which is total relative phase RTP, w, and Δ t is opposed envelope delay
RED,For carrier envelope phase CEP.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: all phase information of ultrafast laser, device can be obtained simultaneously
Simply, method is easily operated, measurement accuracy is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the present invention is further illustrated referring to the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is the index path according to all phase of the measurement and locking ultrashort pulse of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the interference spectrum curve according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the Fourier transformation pattern of interference spectrum curve shown in Fig. 2；And
Fig. 4 shows RED data, RTP data and interference of the ultrafast laser when all phase locks and do not lock two kinds
Spectral line.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantage are more clearly understood, and are passed through below in conjunction with attached drawing specific real
Applying example, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention,
It is not intended to limit the present invention.
The all phase that the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of ultrashort pulse measures and locking means, shown in Figure 1
Measurement and lock ultrashort pulse all phase index path.Ti sapphire laser and spectrum widening component constitute ultrafast
The super continuous spectrums light that the energy that light source 1 exports is 0.4mJ, wave band is 450-1000nm reaches dichroic mirror 2, is divided into 650-
The long wave beam of 1000nm and the shortwave beam of 450-750nm, long wave beam pass through piezoelectric ceramics translation stage PZT1 and reach through reflecting mirror 3
Dichroic mirror 5, shortwave beam reach dichroic mirror 5, piezoelectric ceramics translation stage PZT1 by piezoelectric ceramics translation stage PZT2 and through reflecting mirror 4
It is used to adjust the light path of two-way light, long wave beam and shortwave beam with PZT2 and closes beam via dichroic mirror 5, then reach wedge to beam splitter
6, for most of light as output light output, sub-fraction light realizes subsequent measurement locking process as measuring and locking light.Tool
Body, locking light are focused on I type-Ⅱphase matching bbo crystal 8 by paraboloidal mirror 7, wherein the wavelength in long wave beam is
The light of 960nm or so is multiplied to 480nm or so by bbo crystal 8, and polarization state has rotated 90 ° compared to fundamental frequency light.Then by
Band pass filter 9 filters out the fundamental frequency light of 480nm or so and frequency doubled light, and the light of other wavelength is filtered.Go out from band pass filter 9
The light of the 480nm penetrated or so enters half-wave plate 10 and Glan prism 11, and the two adjusts the polarization state of light beam jointly, make fundamental frequency light and
The polarized component of frequency doubled light having in same direction, to interfere.Then, the width for being 100nm by a radius of curvature
Interference light is focused on the spectrometer 13 that precision is 0.5nm to acquire interference spectrum, interference spectrum curve with concave surface silver mirror 12
As shown in Figure 2.
In frequency domain, super continuous spectrums intermediate waves fundamental frequency light can be written to respectively with long wave frequency doubled light:
Wherein, If(w) and Ish(w) be respectively fundamental frequency light shortwave part with the intensity after long wavelength part frequency multiplication, w is sharp
Optical pulse frequency,For laser pulse carrier envelope phase (CEP), opposed envelope delay of the Δ t between two pulses
(RED), by Maxwell equation, it is found that the second harmonic electric field of long wavelength part is with fundamental frequency, there are a fixed phase shift pi/2s.Institute
WithWithThe respectively spectrum phase of fundamental frequency light and frequency doubled light.
The superimposed light intensity is interfered to be
Wherein Section 3 is interference term, contains the information of CEP and RED.
Spectrometer 13 is connected to data processing unit 14, data processing unit 14 to the interference light intensity information of formula (3) into
Row Fourier transformation, extracting imaginary part is total relative phase RTP:
From the above equation, we can see that total relative phase RTP between two-beam includes opposed envelope delay Δ t and carrier envelope phase
PositionThe interference pattern of spectrometer collection is subjected to Fourier transformation, obtains curve shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is shown in Fig. 2
Interference spectrum curve Fourier transformation pattern, wherein horizontal axis indicates the time, and the longitudinal axis indicates intensity, first in curve
The abscissa and ordinate of peak point (single order) are respectively that (i.e. Δ t) and RTP (i.e. Ф) substitute into the value of Δ t and Ф aforementioned RED
Formula (4), it will be able to obtainThat is the information of CEP has then just obtained opposed envelope delay RED and carrier envelope phase
CEP, that is, obtained the master phase information of ultrafast laser.It is anti-by first with continued reference to Fig. 1 in order to realize locking control
RED is fed back to PZT1 to realize the locking of RED by feedback module PID1, is fed back to CEP by the second feedback module PID2 super
Compressor in fast light source 1 finally realizes all phase locking of super continuum light to realize the locking of CEP.
In order to embody effect of the invention, inventor has monitored the RED number in the case of all phase locks and do not lock two kinds
According to, RTP data and interference spectrum pattern, locked in 0s-20s, 20s-40s cancels locking, as a result as shown in Figure 4.Referring to fig. 4
(a), in 0-20s, root mean square (RMS) value of RED is about 25as, in 20-40s, the RMS value of RED about 130as；Referring to fig. 4
It (b), is about 300mrad in the RMS value of RTP in 0-20s, in 20-40s, the RMS value of RTP about 1000rmad；Referring to fig. 4
(c), in 0-20s, interference spectrum is cleaner, and in 20-40s, interference spectrum compares disorder.As can be seen that full phase of the invention
Position locking substantially improves the performance of Supercontinuum source.
In an embodiment of the present invention, bbo crystal 8, band pass filter 9, half-wave plate 10, Glan prism 11, broadband concave surface
Silver mirror 12 and spectrometer 13 constitute f-2f device, for obtaining the interference spectrum information of two-beam.Key of the invention is from dry
Relate to extracted in spectral information two-beam opposed envelope delay and carrier envelope phase, then feed back to respectively piezoelectric ceramics and
Ultrafast light source, to realize all phase locking of ultrafast laser.
In addition, in this embodiment, RED can also be fed back to PZT2 to realize RED by the first feedback module PID1
Locking, in addition, CEP can feed back to other component in light source, such as amplifier, stretcher etc..
According to other embodiments of the invention, using optical fiber laser, ultrafast laser is obtained after outputting it light broadening.
According to other embodiments of the invention, piezoelectric ceramics can be replaced with light path regulating member well known in the art.
Furthermore it is possible to a light path regulating member only be arranged, for adjusting the light path of long wave band light beam or short-wave band light beam then
Adjust the optical path difference of two-beam.
According to other embodiments of the invention, dichroic mirror 2 and dichroic mirror 5 can use other beam splitting/conjunctions well known in the art
Beam element replaces.
According to other embodiments of the invention, data processing unit, the first feedback module and the second feedback module are integrated in
In computer, the Fourier transformation of spectrum, extraction and the feedback lock of opposed envelope delay and carrier envelope phase are realized.
According to other embodiments of the invention, frequency-doubling crystal uses other third-order non-linear media, such as: KDP,
PPLN, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP), potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP), cesium dideuterium arsenate (DCDA), arsenic acid two
Hydrogen caesium (CDA) etc..
In short, in the present invention, the spectral region of the super continuous spectrums of ultrafast laser source output is greater than an octave,
In order to realize that all phase locks, ultrafast laser is divided into two beams, the first light beam includes that wavelength is λ0Light, and the second light beam includes
Wavelength is 2 λ0Light, in this way, wavelength be 2 λ0Optical sccond-harmonic generation after with wavelength be λ0Fundamental frequency light interfere, acquire interference light
It composes and carries out further Fourier's variation, it will be able to extract corresponding opposed envelope delay (RED) and carrier envelope phase
(CEP), all phase locking of ultrashort pulse is further realized.Method of the invention is also applied for the electromagnetic wave of other frequency ranges
The all phase of spectrum measures, such as x-ray, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light or terahertz wave band.
Although the present invention has been described by means of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to described here
Embodiment, without departing from the present invention further include made various changes and variation.
Claims (10)
1. the spectral region of a kind of all phase measurement method of ultrashort pulse, the ultrashort pulse is greater than a frequency multiplication
Journey, described method includes following steps:
Step 1: the ultrashort pulse is divided into the first light beam and the second light beam, wherein first light beam includes wavelength
λ0Fundamental frequency light, second light beam include 2 λ of wavelength0Light；
Step 2: by 2 λ of wavelength0Optical sccond-harmonic generation to wavelength X0, then with the wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light interfere；
Step 3: Fourier transformation is carried out to the interference spectrum of the interference；And
Step 4: the result based on the Fourier transformation obtains wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light and frequency doubled light between opposed envelope prolong
When RED and carrier envelope phase CEP.
2. all phase measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the spectral region of the ultrashort pulse is
450nm-1000nm。
3. all phase measurement method according to claim 2, wherein the λ0For 480nm.
4. all phase measurement method according to any one of claim 1-3, wherein in the step 4, Fu
In leaf transformation result in, the abscissa and ordinate of first peak point respectively indicate the opposed envelope delay RED and total
Relative phase RTP.
5. all phase measurement method according to claim 4, wherein calculating the carrier wave according to the following formula includes phase
CEP:
Wherein, it is the frequency of the ultrashort pulse that Ф, which is total relative phase RTP, w, and Δ t is opposed envelope delay RED,For carrier envelope phase CEP.
6. all phase measurement method according to any one of claim 1-3, further includes:
Step 5: include the steps that phase CEP carries out feedback lock based on opposed envelope delay RED and the carrier wave.
7. a kind of all phase measuring device of ultrashort pulse, comprising:
Ultrafast laser source is greater than the ultrashort pulse of an octave for emission spectrum range；
Beam splitting element, for the ultrashort pulse to be divided into the first light beam and the second light beam, wherein the first light beam packet
Containing wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light, second light beam include 2 λ of wavelength0Light；
At least one light path regulating member, for adjusting the light path of first light beam or second light beam；
Beam element is closed, is set to after at least one described light path regulating member, is used for first light beam and the second light beam
Close beam；
Frequency-doubling crystal is used for 2 λ of wavelength0Optical sccond-harmonic generation to λ0；
Polarization adjustment element is used for adjusting wavelength λ0Fundamental frequency light and wavelength X0Frequency doubled light polarization direction so that the two occur
Interference；
Spectra collection device, for acquiring the spectral line of the interference；And
Data processing unit, for the spectral line to be carried out Fourier transformation and extracts wavelength X0Fundamental frequency light and frequency doubled light
Between opposed envelope be delayed RED and carrier envelope phase CEP.
8. all phase measuring device of ultrashort pulse according to claim 7, further includes feedback control unit, is used for
Opposed envelope delay RED is fed back at least one described light path regulating member, and by the carrier envelope phase CEP
Feed back to the ultrafast laser source.
9. all phase measuring device of ultrashort pulse according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the Fourier transformation
Result in, the abscissa and ordinate of first peak point respectively indicate the opposed envelope delay RED and total opposite phase
Position RTP.
10. all phase measuring device of ultrashort pulse according to claim 9, wherein the data processing unit
Calculating the carrier wave according to the following formula includes phase CEP:
Wherein, it is the frequency of the ultrashort pulse that Ф, which is total relative phase RTP, w, and Δ t is opposed envelope delay RED,For carrier envelope phase CEP.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113077078A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Ultra-short laser pulse phase prediction method and system based on deep learning |
| US11522334B2 (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-12-06 | Institute Of Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Methods and apparatus for measuring and locking ultra-fast laser pulses |
| CN116598877A (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-08-15 | 北京大学 | Vacuum ultraviolet light source generating equipment and application system |
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| CN116598877B (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-10-31 | 北京大学 | Vacuum ultraviolet light source generating equipment and application system |
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