CN109812335B - Zero-carbon-emission integrated coal gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process - Google Patents
Zero-carbon-emission integrated coal gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109812335B CN109812335B CN201910034264.1A CN201910034264A CN109812335B CN 109812335 B CN109812335 B CN 109812335B CN 201910034264 A CN201910034264 A CN 201910034264A CN 109812335 B CN109812335 B CN 109812335B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Abstract
The invention provides a zero-carbon-emission integrated coal gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process, wherein pressurized air enters an air separation device, liquid oxygen is used for combustion power generation, and liquid nitrogen is used for expansion vaporization power generation; the pulverized coal and high-pressure oxygen conveyed under pressure enter a gasification furnace to be gasified to generate high-temperature fuel gas, and the high-temperature fuel gas is sent to a power generation system after heat exchange and purification; after heat exchange, high-pressure gas, oxygen and circulating water steam enter a gas turbine together to be combusted to push a gas compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed, the gas compressor compresses air to 0.5-0.8MPa, and the generator generates electric power; the high-temperature combustion flue gas is used for power generation by a steam turbine, and the coolant is pressurized liquid oxygen; the medium temperature flue gas exchanges heat with high pressure water to generate circulating water vapor, and the cooled flue gas is dehydrated and distilled to separate CO2Part of water is pressurized and returned to generate high-pressure steam for circulating and being used for combustion temperature control of gas turbine, and CO2The product is sold for the outside.
Description
1. Field of the invention
The invention provides an integrated coal gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process with zero carbon emission, belonging to the field of coal chemical industry.
2. Background of the invention
Coal is cheap but polluting and CO2The emission of energy is very high, and the development of a high-efficiency clean low-carbon utilization technology of coal is always the target of the joint efforts of governments and industries in all countries in the world.
An IGCC (integrated Gasification Combined cycle), namely an integrated Gasification Combined cycle power generation system, combines a clean coal Gasification technology with a high-efficiency gas-steam Combined cycle power generation system, firstly gasifies coal, then pushes a combustion engine to do work, and is provided with a turbine to generate power by waste heat, namely a gas power plant taking coal as raw material. Under the current technical level, the net efficiency of IGCC power generation can reach 43% -45%, and higher net efficiency can be expected in future; and pollutantsThe discharge amount is only 1/10 of the conventional coal-fired power plant, the desulfurization efficiency can reach 99 percent, and the sulfur dioxide discharge is 25mg/Nm3About 200mg/Nm far below the emission standard3The emission of nitrogen oxides is only 15% -20% of that of a conventional power station, and the water consumption is only 1/2-1/3% of that of the conventional power station. Therefore, compared with the traditional coal-electricity technology, the IGCC integrates the coal gasification and gas-steam combined cycle power generation technology, has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, low pollutant discharge, low carbon dioxide capture cost and the like, and is a clean and efficient coal-electricity technology which is internationally verified, can be industrialized and has the greatest development prospect at present.
The conventional IGCC consists of two parts, namely a coal gasification and purification part and a gas-steam combined cycle power generation part. The main equipment of the first part comprises a gasification furnace, an air separation device and a coal gas purification device (comprising a sulfur recovery device); the main equipment of the second part is a gas turbine power generation system, a waste heat boiler and a steam turbine power generation system. The general IGCC process is as follows: the coal is gasified into medium and low calorific value coal gas, pollutants such as sulfide, chloride, dust, heavy metal and the like in the coal gas are removed through purification, the coal gas is changed into clean gas fuel, then the clean gas fuel is sent into a combustion chamber of a gas turbine for combustion, the gas turbine is driven to compress gas and generate electricity, the exhaust gas of the gas turbine enters a waste heat boiler to heat feed water, superheated steam is generated to drive a steam turbine to do work, and finally the smoke gas is discharged in an ultralow manner. At present, in the global scope, except for 5 IGCC power stations established in the countries of the United states, the Netherlands, Spain, Japan and the like, the China Sinergen IGCC demonstration power station is the 6 th IGCC power station in the world, the U.S. Edwards port power station in Indonesia is the 7 th IGCC power station in the world, and the U.S. Kemper power station in Missippiy is the eighth IGCC power station in the world. There are also nearly 20 IGCC plants for polygeneration. However, CO exists in the prior IGCC technology2High trapping and utilizing cost, high water consumption, low power generation efficiency, high exhaust gas temperature, difficult NOx reduction and the like.
3. Summary of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the traditional IGCC technology and provide an integrated gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process with zero carbon emission, thereby not only solving the problems of high water consumption and high steam consumption of the existing IGCC technologyThe problem of low power generation efficiency; but also can greatly reduce the load of the gas compressor and realize low-cost CO2Trapping and utilization, no NOx emission and normal-temperature smoke exhaust, and greatly improving the power generation efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention aims to use liquid oxygen separated by air for coal gasification and gas power generation, use liquid nitrogen for expansion power generation and refrigeration, use high-temperature coal gas and high-temperature flue gas waste heat for steam turbine power generation, use water vapor to return to the feed of a gas turbine for circulating temperature control, use liquid oxygen for a coolant of the steam turbine power generation, and use the liquid oxygen for graded cooling dehydration of the coolant of the flue gas and liquid CO2The series of technologies of distillation, recovery, purification and the like are coupled to improve the generating efficiency and the peak regulation capacity of the IGCC, and clean and efficient power generation with no NOx pollution, low water consumption and zero carbon emission of coal is realized. The method is characterized in that 0.5-0.8MPa of pressurized air enters an air separation device for air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, pumped pressurized liquid oxygen is subjected to heat exchange vaporization for coal gasification and combustion power generation, and pumped pressurized liquid nitrogen is subjected to heat exchange vaporization for power generation; coal powder conveyed under pressure, high-pressure oxygen and steam enter a coal gasifier to carry out gasification reaction, the generated high-pressure high-temperature fuel gas is subjected to waste heat recovery by using a steam waste heat boiler, fine dust removal, desulfurization, dechlorination and heavy metal removal purification is carried out, and the high-temperature steam is sent to a power generation system to generate power by using a steam turbine; the high-pressure purified gas, the high-pressure oxygen and the circulating water steam enter a gas turbine together to be combusted and expanded to push a gas compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed, the gas compressor compresses air to 0.5-0.8MPa, and the generator generates electric power; the high-temperature combustion flue gas is subjected to heat exchange by a steam waste heat boiler to carry out steam turbine power generation, the coolant is primary pressurized liquid oxygen or/and liquid nitrogen, and condensed water is circulated by a high-pressure water pump after being cooled; the medium temperature flue gas exchanges heat with high pressure water to generate circulating water vapor, then exchanges heat with secondary pressurized liquid oxygen or/and liquid nitrogen, and the liquid flue gas after the dehydration of the cooled flue gas is separated by a distillation tower to recover CO2And (3) as a product for sale, pressurizing part of the dehydrated water by a high-pressure water pump to obtain high-pressure water, discharging the rest water, and vaporizing the pressurized liquid oxygen to be sent to a combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
The air separation is one of the cascade air separation combining the cryogenic air separation, the pressure swing adsorption separation and the cryogenic separation and the cascade air separation combining the membrane separation and the cryogenic separation.
The gasification furnace used for coal gasification is one of an entrained flow bed gasification furnace, a circulating fluidized bed and a graded pyrolysis gasification composite gasification furnace.
The mass ratio of the oxygen to the circulating water vapor is 1: 2-12.
The coal gasification pressure is 1.0-10 Mpa.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
4. Description of the drawings
Attached figure 1 is a schematic process diagram of the present invention.
The drawings of the drawings are set forth below:
1. the system comprises an air separation device 2, a coal bunker 3, a gasification furnace 4, a waste heat boiler 5, a generator 6, a cooler 7, a high-pressure water pump 8, a purifier 9, a gas turbine 10, an expansion vaporization heat exchanger 11, a nitrogen turbine generator 12, a flue gas distillation tower 13, a gas compressor 14, a primary liquid oxygen heat exchanger 15, a high-pressure water regenerator 16, a high-pressure water heat exchanger 17, a water pump 18, a liquid oxygen pump 19, a liquid nitrogen pump
The process features of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
5. Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
In the embodiment, 0.5-0.8MPa pressurized air enters an air separation device (1) for air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, the pressurized liquid oxygen pumped by a liquid oxygen pump (18) is subjected to heat exchange and vaporization for coal gasification and combustion power generation, and the pressurized liquid nitrogen pumped by a liquid nitrogen pump (19) is subjected to expansion and vaporization to generate power and is used as a coolant to perform heat exchange and refrigeration with the pressurized air; coal powder, high-pressure oxygen and steam which are conveyed in a coal bunker (2) under pressure enter a coal gasifier (3) to carry out gasification reaction, generated high-pressure high-temperature fuel gas is subjected to waste heat recovery by using a waste heat boiler (4), fine dust removal, desulfurization, dechlorination and heavy metal removal purification is carried out in a purifier (8) and is sent to a power generation subsystem, the high-temperature high-pressure steam drives a generator (5) to generate power by using a turbine, and the high-temperature high-pressure steam is compressed by a compressor (7) after being cooled by a cooler (6) to carry out heat exchange circulation; the high-pressure purified gas, the high-pressure oxygen and the circulating water vapor jointly enter a gas turbine (9) to combust and expand to push a compressor (13) and a generator (5)The high-speed rotation, the compressor (13) compresses air to 0.5-0.8MPa, and the generator (5) generates electricity; the high-temperature combustion flue gas is subjected to heat exchange through a steam waste heat boiler (4) to carry out steam turbine power generation, a coolant in a cooler (6) is primary pressurized liquid oxygen, and after cooling, condensed water is pressurized through a high-pressure pump (7) and forms closed cycle through a high-pressure water heat regenerator (15) and a high-pressure water heat exchanger (4); the medium temperature flue gas and high pressure water exchange heat through a high pressure water heat exchanger (16) to prepare circulating water vapor, then exchange heat with second-stage pressurized liquid oxygen through a cooler (6), and the liquid flue gas after the cooled flue gas is dehydrated is separated through a distillation tower (12) to recover CO2And as a product for sale, part of the dehydrated water is pressurized by a water pump (17) to obtain high-pressure water, the rest water is discharged outside, and pressurized liquid oxygen is vaporized to obtain high-pressure oxygen which is sent to a combustion chamber of a gas turbine (9).
The air separation is one of the cascade air separation combining the cryogenic air separation, the pressure swing adsorption separation and the cryogenic separation and the cascade air separation combining the membrane separation and the cryogenic separation.
The gasification furnace (3) used for coal gasification is one of an entrained flow bed gasification furnace, a circulating fluidized bed and a graded pyrolysis gasification composite gasification furnace.
Oxygen and recycled CO2The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 2-12.
The coal gasification pressure is 1.0-10 MPa.
The heat exchange sequence of the liquid oxygen and the liquid nitrogen can be changed.
According to the zero-carbon-emission integrated coal gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process, according to an Aspen simulation result, the compression of the conventional gas compressor is reduced from about 2.8MPa to about 0.4-0.8MPa through low-energy-consumption pumping pressurization of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen of an air separation device, so that the energy consumption of the gas turbine for the gas compressor is reduced from 30% -40% to about 10%; the gasified high-temperature and high-pressure gas firstly utilizes the steam turbine to generate power, and then is purified to generate power with the gas turbine, so that the sensible heat and the chemical energy of the gas are reasonably utilized in a gradient manner, the water-steam circulation ratio and the gas purification difficulty are reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the gas is improved; the flue gas forms an IGCC system by utilizing steam turbine power generation and liquid oxygen vaporization heat exchange, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced from about 140 ℃ to about 30 ℃, the energy recovery rate is greatly improved, and the flue gas is easy to realize at low costDehydration separation to obtain CO2，CO2The trapping energy consumption is greatly reduced; the water consumption of coal is greatly reduced by the steam circulation temperature control and the low-temperature dehydration of the flue gas of the gas turbine, and the water saving rate of the coal gasification dry-method slag discharge is up to more than 95 percent, so that the method is particularly suitable for water-deficient areas in the northwest; the method has the advantages that the gas is subjected to advanced fine dust removal, desulfurization, dechlorination, heavy metal removal and purification, the oxygen combustion supporting of the gas turbine and the water vapor circulation temperature control, the NOx emission of the flue gas of the existing coal-fired power plant is avoided, the emission of smoke dust and SOx is greatly reduced, the comprehensive power generation efficiency is more than 60 percent, and the clean and efficient power generation of coal is realized.
Claims (5)
1. The integrated coal gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process with zero carbon emission is technically characterized in that 0.5-0.8Mpa of pressurized air enters an air separation device to be subjected to air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, pumped pressurized liquid oxygen is subjected to heat exchange vaporization to be used for coal gasification and combustion power generation, and pumped pressurized liquid nitrogen is subjected to heat exchange vaporization to generate power; the pressurized liquid oxygen is divided into a first pressurized liquid oxygen part and a second pressurized liquid oxygen part; the coal powder conveyed under pressure, first high-pressure oxygen and first circulating steam enter a coal gasifier to carry out gasification reaction, the generated high-pressure high-temperature fuel gas is subjected to waste heat recovery by using a first steam waste heat boiler, fine dust removal, desulfurization, dechlorination and heavy metal removal purification is carried out to obtain high-pressure purified fuel gas, and the high-pressure purified fuel gas is sent to a gas turbine power generation system, and the high-temperature high-pressure steam generated in the first steam waste heat boiler is used for power generation by using a first steam turbine; the coolant of the dead steam generated by the first turbine is first pressurized liquid oxygen, and the first pressurized liquid oxygen absorbs heat to form first high-pressure oxygen; the high-pressure purified fuel gas, second high-pressure oxygen and second circulating water steam enter a gas turbine together to be combusted and expanded to push a compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed, the compressor compresses air until the 0.5-0.8MPa pressurized air is obtained, and the generator generates electric power; the high-temperature combustion flue gas is subjected to heat exchange through a second steam waste heat boiler to perform power generation through a second steam turbine, the coolant of the exhaust steam generated by the second steam turbine is first-stage second pressurized liquid oxygen or first-stage second pressurized liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, and condensed water is circulated through a first high-pressure water pump after cooling; the medium temperature flue gas exchanges heat with high pressure water to generate circulating waterThe steam exchanges heat with the second-stage second pressurized liquid oxygen or the second-stage second pressurized liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen; the circulating water vapor is divided into a first circulating water vapor part and a second circulating water vapor part; separating and recovering CO from the liquid flue gas after the dehydration of the cooled flue gas by a distillation tower2And (3) as a product for sale, pressurizing part of dehydrated water by a second high-pressure water pump to obtain high-pressure water and discharge the rest water, and vaporizing second pressurized liquid oxygen to obtain second high-pressure oxygen and sending the second high-pressure oxygen to a combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
2. The zero-carbon-emission integrated coal gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process according to claim 1, wherein the air separation is one of a cryogenic air separation, a cascade air separation combining pressure swing adsorption separation and cryogenic separation, and a cascade air separation combining membrane separation and cryogenic separation.
3. The zero-carbon-emission integrated coal gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process according to claim 1, wherein the gasification furnace (3) for coal gasification is one of an entrained flow gasification furnace, a circulating fluidized bed and a staged pyrolysis gasification combined gasification furnace.
4. The zero carbon emission integrated coal gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of the second high pressure oxygen to the second recycled steam is 1: 2-12.
5. The zero carbon emission integrated coal gasification-steam combined cycle power generation process according to claim 1, characterized by a coal gasification pressure of 1.0-10 MPa.
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| US4946477A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1990-08-07 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | IGCC process with combined methanol synthesis/water gas shift for methanol and electrical power production |
| US5081845A (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1992-01-21 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Integrated air separation plant - integrated gasification combined cycle power generator |
| CN100504053C (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2009-06-24 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Inside and outside burning coal integrative combined cycle generation system and method |
| WO2007017387A2 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for increasing the efficiency of a combined gas/steam power station with integrated gasification combined cycle |
| CN101915163A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2010-12-15 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Method and equipment for carrying out oxygen fuel combustion by using hydrogen fuel and gas turbine |
| CN102784544B (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-09-03 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) based pre-combustion CO2 capture system |
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