CN109806968B - Method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for mineralization simulation experiment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of uranium ore dressing, and particularly discloses a method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for an ore-forming simulation test, which comprises the following steps: step S1: collecting rich ore; step S2: crushing and screening the rich ore; step S3: elutriating the screened heavy sand sample by using an elutriation plate, and sorting out a coarse concentrate sample; step S4: carrying out magnetic separation on the rough concentrate sample obtained after elutriation, and separating out nonmagnetic minerals; step S5: separating the separated nonmagnetic heavy minerals by using a bromoform heavy liquid, and separating the heavy minerals; step S6: performing electromagnetic separation on the heavy minerals after heavy liquid separation to separate out non-electromagnetic minerals; step S7: crushing the electromagnetically separated non-electromagnetic heavy minerals, and performing step S8: and (4) selecting the crushed non-electromagnetic heavy minerals, and selecting the uranium asphalt ores. The method can quickly obtain a large amount of high-purity uranium bituminous ores, and provides a large amount of experimental samples for a uranium mineralization simulation experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of uranium ore dressing, and particularly relates to a method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for an ore-forming simulation test.
Background
At present, an ore-forming process is simulated by using an ore-forming simulation experiment to guide ore finding, and the method is widely applied and achieves good effects. A large amount of asphalt uranium ores are needed in a uranium mineralization simulation experiment, and then uranium mineralization is achieved. The sample for the ore-forming simulation experiment requires that the purity of the uranium asphalt ore reaches more than 99 percent. Because the relative quantity of the uranium asphalt ore required by the ore-forming experiment is very high, the work of sorting the uranium asphalt ore is a very important link.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for an ore-forming simulation experiment, which can quickly obtain a large amount of high-purity uranium bituminous ore and provide a large amount of experimental samples for the uranium ore-forming simulation experiment.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for an ore-forming simulation experiment comprises the following steps:
step S1: collecting rich ore;
step S2: crushing and screening the rich ore collected in the step S1;
step S3: elutriating the heavy sand sample sieved in the step S2 by using an elutriation plate, and sorting out a rough concentrate sample;
step S4: performing magnetic separation on the rough concentrate sample obtained after elutriation in the step S3 to sort out nonmagnetic minerals;
step S5: separating the non-magnetic heavy minerals separated in the step S4 by using a heavy bromoform solution to separate the heavy minerals;
step S6: performing electromagnetic separation on the heavy minerals subjected to heavy liquid separation in the step S5 to separate out non-electromagnetic minerals;
step S7: crushing the non-electromagnetic heavy minerals obtained by the electromagnetic separation in the step S6;
step S8: and (4) sorting the nonmagnetic heavy minerals crushed in the step (S7) to sort out uranium asphalt ores.
The crushing and screening of the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps: finely crushing the ore sample to below 1 mm; the ore sample is evenly poured into an upper layer sieve, and then a sieve cover is added to sieve the heavy sand sample.
The specific steps of step S3 are as follows: pouring the heavy sand sample screened in the step S2 into a small elutriation plate, slowly immersing the small elutriation plate into a large elutriation plate containing water, slightly tilting the large elutriation plate to perform rotary motion, wherein the minerals with high specific gravity are still left at the bottom of the plate, and the minerals with low specific gravity gradually move to the lower edge of the plate and are taken out by water washing, so that the heavy minerals are preliminarily sorted out, and the elutriated heavy minerals are coarse concentrate samples.
The specific steps of step S4 are as follows: the rough concentrate sample elutriated in the above step S3 is scattered on a glass plate to form a uniform thin layer, and then a permanent magnet is used to move back and forth on the rough concentrate sample, and magnetic minerals are adsorbed on the magnet, thereby separating nonmagnetic minerals.
The specific steps of step S4 are further as follows: wrapping a layer of plastic cloth on the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet, placing the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet on the rough concentrate sample to attract magnetic minerals, moving to another place after the magnetic pole is fully attracted, extracting the permanent magnet, and automatically dropping the magnetic minerals; repeating the steps for several times until all the used magnetic minerals are precipitated, thereby separating the nonmagnetic minerals.
The specific steps of step S5 are as follows: when heavy liquid is separated, the funnel is placed on the upper layer bracket, the rubber tube is sleeved on the funnel, and the upper end and the lower end of the rubber tube are fixed by the clamp; filter paper is put into the funnel on the lower bracket, and the beaker is arranged at the lowest part; during separation, the heavy liquid is injected into an upper layer funnel, a nonmagnetic heavy mineral sample is added, and a glass rod is used for stirring to ensure that the nonmagnetic heavy mineral is immersed into the heavy liquid; at this time, the minerals with a specific gravity greater than that of the heavy liquid of tribromomethane continue to sink to the bottom of the funnel, while the minerals with a specific gravity less than that of the heavy liquid of tribromomethane float on the top. Standing for a period of time, after layering of the heavy and light minerals, loosening the upper clamp and the lower clamp in sequence to enable the heavy minerals and part of heavy liquid to fall on filter paper of a lower funnel, washing the obtained heavy liquid separation sample for several times by using washing liquid, then drying, and sorting out the heavy minerals.
In the step S6, the WCF2-72 type multipurpose magnetic separator is used for carrying out electromagnetic separation on the separated heavy minerals.
The specific steps of step S6 are as follows: before the magnetic separator is started, the horizontal inclination angle alpha of the magnetic separator is selected to be 12 degrees, the side inclination angle beta of the magnetic separator is selected to be 5 degrees, the magnetic field intensity is selected to be 4500 oersted, the magnetic separator is started to enable the heavy mineral sample obtained in the step S5 to uniformly fall on an inclined separation tank through an ore feeding funnel, then the heavy mineral sample enters a magnetic field, weakly magnetic minerals fall into one sample receiver under the action of an oscillator, nonmagnetic minerals are separated and fall into the other sample receiver, and therefore the separated nonmagnetic minerals are free of electricity.
In the step S7, the non-electromagnetic heavy minerals are crushed to below 200 meshes.
The specific steps of step S8 are as follows: placing the electromagnetic-free heavy minerals crushed to 200 meshes under binoculars for selection, pouring crushed heavy mineral particles on a glass plate, carding the heavy mineral particles into fine lines by a blade, placing the fine lines on an objective table, then modulating the binocular vision to clearly see the single minerals, and observing the colors of the heavy mineral particles under the binoculars; if the color of the heavy mineral particles is from asphalt black to brown black, the heavy mineral particles are uraninite, and if the color of the heavy mineral particles is colorless opaque mineral, the heavy mineral particles are zircon; and finally, picking out uranium asphalt ore by using a special needle for picking single ore.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: (1) the sample objects are collected, the selection steps are clear, and the operability is strong; (2) the method is designed based on the uranium asphalt ore required by the ore-forming simulation experiment, can effectively judge the characteristics of ore minerals in the area through sorting of the uranium asphalt ore, provides required samples for the uranium ore-forming simulation experiment, provides experiment data for uranium ore-forming action, and provides evidence for the extraction and verification of an ore-forming theory.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for an ore-formation simulation experiment, which is provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, taking the example of the field of the mine in Guidong rock mass of Shaoguan city, Guangdong province.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for ore-formation simulation experiments provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: collecting rich ore
The samples are required to be fresh, and the weight of the samples in one area is more than or equal to 500 g. 500g of rich ore is collected in a banked field under the Guidong rock mass in Shaoguan city, Guangdong province.
Step S2: the rich ore collected in the step S1 is crushed and sieved, and the specific steps are as follows:
crushing and screening the ore-rich sample of the lower Zhuang uranium mining field collected in the step S1, and crushing the ore sample to be less than 1 mm; the ore sample is evenly poured into an upper layer sieve, and then a sieve cover is added to sieve the heavy sand sample.
Through a large number of experiments, 60 meshes are found to be most beneficial to elutriation of uranium asphalt ores.
Step S3: elutriating the heavy sand sample sieved in the step S2 by using an elutriation plate to sort out a rough concentrate sample, wherein the elutriation plate specifically comprises the following steps:
pouring the heavy sand sample screened in the step S2 into a small elutriation plate, slowly immersing the small elutriation plate into a large elutriation plate filled with water, slightly tilting the large elutriation plate to perform rotary motion, wherein the minerals with high specific gravity are still left at the bottom of the plate, and the minerals with low specific gravity gradually move to the lower edge of the plate and are taken out by water washing, so that the heavy minerals are preliminarily sorted; the elutriated heavy minerals are rough concentrate samples.
The small elutriation plate can be a elutriation plate with the diameter of 21 cm and the depth of 2 cm. The specification of the large elutriation plate can select an elutriation plate with the diameter of 29 cm and the depth of 3 cm
Minerals with a difference in specific gravity of 0.5 can be separated by elutriation plates. The minerals obtained after separation comprise uraninite, zircon, magnetite, ilmenite, natural iron, niobite, monazite, quartz and feldspar, and most of calcite can be elutriated. Through a large number of experiments, the final 1-time ethanol elutriation is found, and the elutriation precision and speed are greatly improved.
Step S4: and (4) carrying out magnetic separation on the rough concentrate sample obtained after elutriation in the step S3 to sort out nonmagnetic minerals, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
ferromagnetic minerals are separated from the coarse concentrate sample using permanent magnets.
The rough concentrate sample elutriated in the above step S3 is scattered on a glass plate to form a uniform thin layer, and then a permanent magnet is used to move back and forth on the rough concentrate sample, and magnetic minerals are adsorbed on the magnet, thereby separating nonmagnetic minerals.
During specific operation, a layer of plastic cloth is wrapped on the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet, and then the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet is placed on the rough concentrate sample to attract magnetic minerals. After the magnetic mineral is fully absorbed, the magnetic mineral is moved to another position, the permanent magnet is drawn out, and the magnetic mineral automatically falls down, so that the sorting speed and quality can be accelerated. This is repeated several times until all the magnetic minerals are precipitated. The main purpose of the magnetic separation of the sample at this time is to separate out the iron filings and possibly other minerals in the rough concentrate sample, thereby separating out the nonmagnetic minerals.
Ferromagnetic minerals include magnetite, titanomagnetite, and natural iron. The nonmagnetic minerals include uraninite, zircon, columbite, monazite, quartz, feldspar and other nonmagnetic minerals.
Step S5: separating the non-magnetic heavy minerals separated in the step S4 by using a heavy bromoform solution to separate the heavy minerals, and specifically comprising the following steps:
when heavy liquid separation is carried out, the funnel is placed on the upper layer bracket, a rubber tube with the length of 10 cm is sleeved on the funnel, and the upper end and the lower end of the rubber tube are fixed by clamps. A piece of filter paper is put into the funnel on the lower bracket, and a beaker is arranged at the lowest part. During separation, 10ml of heavy liquid is poured into an upper layer funnel, 3ml of nonmagnetic heavy mineral sample is added, and the nonmagnetic heavy mineral is immersed into the heavy liquid by stirring with a glass rod. At this time, the minerals with a specific gravity greater than that of the heavy liquid of tribromomethane continue to sink to the bottom of the funnel, while the minerals with a specific gravity less than that of the heavy liquid of tribromomethane float on the top. Standing for 10 minutes, after layering of the heavy and light minerals is finished, sequentially loosening the upper clamp and the lower clamp to enable the heavy minerals and part of heavy liquid to fall on filter paper of a lower funnel, washing an obtained heavy liquid separation sample for several times by using washing liquid, and then drying. The process can separate out quartz, feldspar and other minerals from heavy minerals, and the minerals obtained in the process comprise uraninite, zircon, columbite and monazite.
Step S6: performing electromagnetic separation on the heavy minerals subjected to heavy liquid separation in the step S5 to separate out non-electromagnetic minerals, and specifically comprising the following steps:
and (3) carrying out electromagnetic separation on the separated heavy minerals by using a WCF2-72 type multipurpose magnetic separator. Before the magnetic separator is started, the horizontal inclination angle (alpha) of the magnetic separator is selected to be 12 degrees, the side inclination angle (beta) of the magnetic separator is selected to be 5 degrees, the magnetic field intensity is selected to be 4500 oersted, the magnetic separator is started to enable the heavy mineral samples obtained in the step S5 to uniformly fall on an inclined separation tank through an ore feeding funnel, then the heavy mineral samples enter a magnetic field, the columbite and monazite weakly magnetic minerals fall into one sample receiving device under the action of an oscillator, and the non-magnetic minerals such as the uranite and the zircon are separated and fall into the other sample receiving device. In this way, non-electromagnetic minerals such as uraninite and zircon can be obtained by electromagnetic separation.
Step S7: the method comprises the following specific steps of crushing the non-electromagnetic heavy minerals obtained by electromagnetic separation in the step S6:
the non-electromagnetic heavy minerals are crushed to below 200 meshes by adopting a universal bowl mill. According to a large number of experiments such as observation and statistics under binocular crystals, the content of impurity minerals in the nonmagnetic heavy minerals with the particle size of below 140 meshes is high, and the aim of the experiment cannot be achieved if calcite bicrystal is contained.
Step S8: and (4) selecting the nonmagnetic heavy minerals crushed in the step S7 to select uranium asphalt ores, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
placing the electromagnetic-free heavy minerals crushed to 200 meshes under binoculars for selection, pouring the crushed electromagnetic-free heavy mineral particles on a glass plate, carding the particles into a fine strip by a blade, placing the fine strip on an objective table, then modulating the binocular vision to clearly see the single minerals, and observing the colors of the electromagnetic-free heavy mineral particles under the binoculars; if the color of the non-electromagnetic heavy mineral particles is from asphalt black to brownish black, the non-electromagnetic heavy mineral particles are uraninite; if the color of the non-electromagnetic heavy mineral particles is colorless opaque minerals, the non-electromagnetic heavy mineral particles are zircon; and finally, picking out the uranium asphalt ore by using a special needle for picking the single ore and filling the uranium asphalt ore into a sample bag.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The prior art can be adopted in the content which is not described in detail in the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for an ore-forming simulation experiment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: collecting rich ore;
step S2: crushing and screening the rich ore collected in the step S1;
step S3: elutriating the heavy sand sample sieved in the step S2 by using an elutriation plate, and sorting out a rough concentrate sample; the specific steps of step S3 are as follows: pouring the heavy sand sample screened in the step S2 into a small elutriation plate, immersing the small elutriation plate into a large elutriation plate containing water, slightly tilting the large elutriation plate to perform rotary motion, wherein the minerals with high specific gravity are still left at the bottom of the plate, and the minerals with low specific gravity gradually move to the lower edge of the plate and are taken out by water washing, so that the heavy minerals are preliminarily sorted out, and the elutriated heavy minerals are coarse concentrate samples;
step S4: performing magnetic separation on the rough concentrate sample obtained after elutriation in the step S3 to sort out nonmagnetic minerals; the specific steps of step S4 are as follows: scattering the rough concentrate sample obtained after elutriation in the step S3 on a glass plate to form a uniform thin layer, and then moving the rough concentrate sample back and forth by using a permanent magnet, so that the magnetic minerals are adsorbed on the magnet, and then separating the nonmagnetic minerals; the specific steps of step S4 are further as follows: wrapping a layer of plastic cloth on the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet, placing the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet on the rough concentrate sample to attract magnetic minerals, moving to another place after the magnetic pole is fully attracted, extracting the permanent magnet, and automatically dropping the magnetic minerals; repeating the steps for several times until all the used magnetic minerals are separated out, thereby separating out the nonmagnetic minerals;
step S5: separating the non-magnetic heavy minerals separated in the step S4 by using a heavy bromoform solution to separate the heavy minerals; the specific steps of step S5 are as follows: when heavy liquid is separated, the funnel is placed on the upper layer bracket, the rubber tube is sleeved on the funnel, and the upper end and the lower end of the rubber tube are fixed by the clamp; filter paper is put into the funnel on the lower bracket, and the beaker is arranged at the lowest part; during separation, the heavy liquid is injected into an upper layer funnel, a nonmagnetic heavy mineral sample is added, and a glass rod is used for stirring to ensure that the nonmagnetic heavy mineral is immersed into the heavy liquid; at the moment, the minerals with the specific gravity larger than that of the heavy liquid of the tribromomethane continuously sink to the bottom of the funnel, and the minerals with the specific gravity smaller than that of the heavy liquid of the tribromomethane float on the upper part; standing for a period of time, after layering of the heavy and light minerals is finished, loosening the upper clamp and the lower clamp in sequence to enable the heavy minerals and part of heavy liquid to fall on filter paper of a lower funnel, washing an obtained heavy liquid separation sample for a plurality of times by using washing liquid, then drying, and sorting out the heavy minerals;
step S6: performing electromagnetic separation on the heavy minerals subjected to heavy liquid separation in the step S5 to separate out non-electromagnetic minerals; the specific steps of step S6 are as follows: before the magnetic separator is started, selecting a horizontal inclination angle alpha of the magnetic separator as 12 degrees, selecting a side inclination angle beta of the magnetic separator as 5 degrees, selecting 4500 oersted magnetic field intensity, starting the magnetic separator to uniformly drop the heavy mineral sample obtained in the step S5 on an inclined separation tank through an ore feeding funnel, then entering a magnetic field, dropping the weakly magnetic mineral into one sample receiver under the action of an oscillator, and sorting the non-magnetic mineral into the other sample receiver, so that the non-magnetic mineral is sorted;
step S7: crushing the non-electromagnetic heavy minerals obtained by the electromagnetic separation in the step S6;
step S8: selecting the nonmagnetic heavy minerals crushed in the step S7 to select uranium asphalt ores; the specific steps of step S8 are as follows: placing the electromagnetic-free heavy minerals crushed to 200 meshes under binoculars for selection, pouring crushed heavy mineral particles on a glass plate, carding the heavy mineral particles into fine lines by a blade, placing the fine lines on an objective table, then modulating the binocular vision to clearly see the single minerals, and observing the colors of the heavy mineral particles under the binoculars; if the color of the heavy mineral particles is from asphalt black to brown black, the heavy mineral particles are uraninite, and if the color of the heavy mineral particles is colorless opaque mineral, the heavy mineral particles are zircon; and finally, picking out uranium asphalt ore by using a special needle for picking single ore.
2. The method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for mineralization simulation experiments according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the crushing and screening of the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps: finely crushing the ore sample to below 1 mm; the ore sample is evenly poured into an upper layer sieve, and then a sieve cover is added to sieve the heavy sand sample.
3. The method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for mineralization simulation experiments according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S6, the WCF2-72 type multipurpose magnetic separator is used for carrying out electromagnetic separation on the separated heavy minerals.
4. The method for selecting uranium bituminous ore for mineralization simulation experiments according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S7, the non-electromagnetic heavy minerals are crushed to below 200 meshes.
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