CN112337641A - Method for selecting niobium concentrate from polymetallic ore containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium and the like - Google Patents
Method for selecting niobium concentrate from polymetallic ore containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium and the like Download PDFInfo
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- CN112337641A CN112337641A CN202010906058.8A CN202010906058A CN112337641A CN 112337641 A CN112337641 A CN 112337641A CN 202010906058 A CN202010906058 A CN 202010906058A CN 112337641 A CN112337641 A CN 112337641A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B1/00—Conditioning for facilitating separation by altering physical properties of the matter to be treated
Abstract
The invention provides a method for selecting niobium concentrate from polymetallic ores containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium and the like, which mainly comprises the following steps: performing strong magnetic separation on raw ore, regrinding magnetic concentrate, preferentially floating rare earth, performing strong magnetic separation on rare earth flotation tailings, performing strong magnetic separation on fine niobium ore, and reselecting coarse niobium ore from niobium flotation tailings to obtain high-grade niobium ore concentrate. The technical scheme of the invention can obtain high-quality concentrate products and reduce the treatment capacity of the metallurgical process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral separation, and particularly relates to a method for selecting niobium concentrate from polymetallic ores containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium and the like.
Background
The zantedg baren zarag ore (also called 801 ore) in inner Mongolia autonomous region in China is a multi-metal ore containing multiple useful elements such as rare earth, niobium, zirconium, beryllium and the like, the storage capacity of an ore deposit is large, the grade of the ore is high, and each element can basically reach or approach the industrial grade, so the value potential of the ore is huge. However, the types of useful elements in the ores are complex, and the useful minerals in the ores are mutually contained, so that the symbiotic relationship is close. The difficulty of obtaining the concentrate of a single element or a single mineral with higher purity through the conventional ore dressing separation is great, so that the ore is not developed and utilized for more than forty years.
Gangue minerals in the ore mainly comprise quartz, potash feldspar, albite and a small amount of natron amphibole, and the proportion of the gangue minerals is about 85 percent; the useful minerals in the ore mainly comprise zircon, Xingan stone, monazite, niobite, easy-decomposing stone, limonite, bastnasite, limonite, pyrochlore and the like.
The main useful elements in the ore are RE, Zr (Hf), Nb (Ta), Be, etc. Among useful minerals, the rare earth minerals mainly comprise Xingan stone, monazite, bastnasite, easy-decomposing stone and limonite, and a small amount of limonite and niobium ore; the niobium mineral is mainly niobite, and a small amount of niobium element is added into the easy-dissolving stone, pyrochlore and limonite niobium mineral; the zirconium mineral is mainly zircon, and a small amount of Y, La and Hf is also contained in the zircon; beryllium is mainly found in xingan stone.
Columbite-heterolite ((Fe, Mn) Nb)2O6) Is one of the most predominant niobium minerals in the ore. Fe-Mn and Nb-Ta in the niobite-niobite can be completely isomorphism substituted, and a small amount of Ce and Y are contained. Columbite is often embedded in the silicate mineral grains such as quartz, feldspar, etc., and in the gaps or wrapped in the silicate mineral grains. The niobite is closely associated with ilmenite, hematite and the like, and sometimes closely associated with easy-to-dissolve stones, pyrochlores and the like.
The 801 deposit is named as niobium ore, but the niobium ore dressing effect is poor, and the grade of niobium concentrate obtained in earlier research is low. The main reason is that the niobium element exists in various complex states in the ore, namely, niobium existing in the mineral and niobium existing in other minerals in the similar form. The main niobium mineral is niobite, which is a radial, cluster, and needle-like aggregate in many crystal forms, and sometimes a plate-like or columnar aggregate, and such an existing form makes it difficult to achieve a high degree of dissociation of the niobium mineral even when the ore is finely ground in the ore grinding process. And the physical properties and floatability of other useful minerals and part of gangue minerals in the ore are close to those of niobium minerals, so that the ore dressing is difficult to obtain high-grade niobium concentrate.
In the existing data on the selection of niobium from 801 ore, although the so-called "niobium concentrate" can be selected, the grade of the niobium concentrate is very low. In 2015 years, a research unit adopts the procedures of ore grinding, grading, gravity separation and magnetic separation to obtain Nb in the niobium concentrate2O5The highest grade is 3.25 percent, and the corresponding niobium recovery rate of the product is 8.8 percent; the research unit adopts the processes of ore grinding, grading, medium magnetic separation, strong magnetic separation and gravity separation to obtain Nb in the niobium concentrate in 20032O5The grade is 3.69% at most, and the corresponding niobium recovery rate of the product is 46.2%.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for an improved method for selecting niobium concentrate from multi-metal ores containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for selecting niobium concentrate from polymetallic ores containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium and the like, so as to obtain concentrate products with higher quality and reduce the treatment capacity of a metallurgical process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for selecting niobium concentrate from polymetallic ores containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium and the like comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out strong magnetic separation after ore grinding to obtain strong magnetic rough concentrate:
(2) performing regrinding on the strong magnetic rough concentrate in the step (1) and then performing flotation on rare earth to obtain rare earth concentrate and rare earth tailings:
grinding ore and mixing slurry;
flotation;
(3) performing strong magnetic separation on the rare earth flotation tailings obtained in the step (2) to obtain strong magnetic niobium concentrate;
(4) and (3) further improving the grade of the strong magnetic niobium concentrate obtained in the step (3) by adopting a flotation method to obtain flotation niobium concentrate and flotation niobium tailings:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) size mixing;
flotation;
(5) and (4) performing gravity separation on the flotation niobium tailings obtained in the step (4) to recover niobium.
Wherein, the grinding fineness of-0.074 mm in the step (1) accounts for 20-90%. Before the strong magnetic separation, a weak magnetic separator is used for removing iron, and the magnetic field intensity is 500-3000 Oe; and (3) carrying out strong magnetic separation on the ore pulp subjected to iron removal under the condition of 0.3-3.0T of magnetic field intensity to obtain strong magnetic rough concentrate, wherein weak magnetic minerals such as rare earth, niobium and the like are primarily enriched in the strong magnetic rough concentrate.
In the step (2), the concrete method of ore grinding and size mixing is as follows: and (3) grinding the strong magnetic rough concentrate until the fineness is-0.045 mm and accounts for 20-99%. Adjusting the solid concentration of ore pulp to 10-50% by using the ground strong magnetic rough concentrate, adjusting the temperature of the ore pulp to 5-90 ℃, adding a first flotation reagent, and stirring to ensure that the first flotation reagent fully reacts with minerals.
The first flotation reagent comprises a gangue mineral inhibitor, a rare earth mineral activating agent and a mineral collecting agent.
The gangue mineral inhibitor is water glass and sodium carbonate. The rare earth mineral activating agent is one of sodium fluosilicate, ammonium fluosilicate and magnesium fluosilicate. The mineral collector is oxidized paraffin soap.
The water glass is liquid and can be directly added or prepared into solution with a certain concentration for adding. Sodium carbonate, sodium fluosilicate, ammonium fluosilicate, magnesium fluosilicate and paraffin oxide soap are prepared into solution with certain mass concentration by hot water and added.
The usage amount of the gangue mineral inhibitor sodium carbonate is 200-5000 g per ton of flotation feeding ore. The amount of the water glass is 200-8000 g per ton of flotation feed. The dosage of the rare earth mineral activating agent is 0-3000 g per ton of flotation feeding ore. The dosage of the mineral collecting agent oxidized paraffin soap is 50-3000 g per ton of flotation feeding.
The stirring time of the first flotation reagent is 1-30 min, so that the first flotation reagent fully acts on the surface of the mineral, the flotation performance of the mineral is changed, and the first flotation reagent is easy to adhere to bubbles to obtain flotation concentrate.
The specific method for flotation in the step (2) is as follows:
and opening an air inlet valve of the flotation machine to enable air to enter the flotation machine, and generating a large amount of bubbles under the stirring action of the first flotation reagent and the flotation machine. And (3) selectively adhering the rare earth minerals acted by the mineral collecting agent to the bubbles, floating to the surface of the ore pulp, and scraping out the foams through a flotation machine foam scraping device to obtain rare earth concentrates. The gangue mineral inhibitor enables niobium minerals and gangue minerals to be retained in the flotation tank in the flotation process to serve as rare earth flotation tailings. In order to improve the grade and the recovery rate of the foam product, flotation concentrate and flotation tailings are subjected to multiple times of flotation. And (4) concentrating the scraped foam for multiple times to enable the grade of the selected rare earth minerals to be higher. And adding a mineral collecting agent into the ore pulp in the flotation tank after the foam is scraped out for scavenging for multiple times so as to more thoroughly float and recover the rare earth minerals. The products in the fine selection groove and the scavenged foam products are middlings and can be returned to the process in sequence to form a closed process.
The magnetic field intensity of the strong magnetic separation in the step (3) is 0.3-3.0T.
The concrete method for size mixing in the step (4) is as follows:
adjusting the solid concentration of the ore pulp to 10-50% by using the strong magnetic niobium concentrate, adjusting the temperature of the ore pulp to 5-90 ℃, adding a second flotation reagent, and stirring to ensure that the second flotation reagent fully reacts with minerals.
The second flotation reagent comprises a gangue mineral inhibitor, a niobium mineral collector and a foaming agent. The gangue mineral inhibitor is water glass. The niobium mineral collecting agent is a hydroximic acid collecting agent, and comprises, but is not limited to, benzohydroxamic acid, salicylhydroxamic acid, naphthahydroxamic acid and C5-7 hydroximic acid. The niobium mineral collector is added in a solution with a certain concentration prepared by sodium carbonate. The amount of the gangue mineral inhibitor water glass is 0-5000 g per ton of flotation feed. The using amount of the niobium mineral collecting agent is 50-3000 g per ton of flotation feeding ore. The foaming agent is 2# oil or methyl isobutyl carbinol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 1-200 g per ton of flotation feeding ore. And stirring the second flotation reagent for 1-30 min to fully act on the surface of the mineral to change the flotation performance of the mineral, so that high-grade flotation concentrate is obtained.
The specific method for flotation in the step (4) is as follows:
and opening an air inlet valve of the flotation machine to enable air to enter the flotation machine, and generating a large amount of bubbles under the action of stirring and foaming agents of the flotation machine. And the niobium ore acted by the mineral collecting agent is selectively adhered to the bubbles, floats to the surface of the ore pulp, and is scraped out by a flotation machine bubble scraping device to be used as niobium concentrate. Gangue minerals are retained in the flotation tank in the flotation process to be used as flotation tailings. In order to improve the grade and recovery rate of the foam product, multiple concentration and scavenging can be carried out when necessary, so as to obtain niobium concentrate with higher grade and more thoroughly recover niobium minerals. The products in the fine selection tank and the scavenged foam products are middlings and can be returned to the flow in sequence to form a closed-circuit flotation flow.
And (3) the gravity separation equipment in the step (5) is a shaking table or a spiral chute.
The invention selects high-grade niobium concentrate from multi-metal ore containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium and other useful elements through a magnetic-floatation-gravity combined ore dressing process, thereby realizing the sorting of niobium ore. And (4) obtaining a flotation niobium concentrate and a gravity concentration niobium concentrate with higher grade, and combining the flotation niobium concentrate and the gravity concentration niobium concentrate to obtain the final niobium concentrate. Can be selected from (Nb + Ta)2O5The raw ore with the grade of 0.43 percent is subjected to mineral separation to obtain (Nb + Ta)2O5Grade 6.67% of the final niobium concentrate, (Nb + Ta)2O5The recovery rate is 48.06%. The yield of the niobium concentrate is 3.22 percent, the treatment capacity can be greatly reduced when useful elements are extracted in the next step of metallurgy, the production cost is reduced, and the production benefit is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for selecting niobium concentrate from multi-metal ores containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium and the like;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rare earth flotation closed-circuit process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a closed circuit flow of niobium flotation;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reselection closed-loop process.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a method for selecting niobium concentrate from multi-metal ore containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium, etc., comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out strong magnetic separation after ore grinding to obtain strong magnetic rough concentrate:
(2) performing regrinding on the strong magnetic rough concentrate in the step (1) and then performing flotation on rare earth to obtain rare earth concentrate and rare earth tailings:
grinding ore and mixing slurry;
flotation;
(3) performing strong magnetic separation on the rare earth flotation tailings obtained in the step (2) to obtain strong magnetic niobium concentrate;
(4) and (3) further improving the grade of the strong magnetic niobium concentrate obtained in the step (3) by adopting a flotation method to obtain flotation niobium concentrate and flotation niobium tailings:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) size mixing;
flotation;
(5) and (4) performing gravity separation on the flotation niobium tailings obtained in the step (4) to recover niobium.
Wherein, the grinding fineness of-0.074 mm in the step (1) accounts for 20-90%. Before the strong magnetic separation, a weak magnetic separator is used for removing iron, and the magnetic field intensity is 500-3000 Oe; and (3) carrying out strong magnetic separation on the ore pulp subjected to iron removal under the condition of 0.3-3.0T of magnetic field intensity to obtain strong magnetic rough concentrate, wherein weak magnetic minerals such as rare earth, niobium and the like are primarily enriched in the strong magnetic rough concentrate.
In the step (2), the concrete method of ore grinding and size mixing is as follows: and (3) grinding the strong magnetic rough concentrate until the fineness is-0.045 mm and accounts for 20-99%. Adjusting the solid concentration of ore pulp to 10-50% by using the ground strong magnetic rough concentrate, adjusting the temperature of the ore pulp to 5-90 ℃, adding a first flotation reagent, and stirring to ensure that the first flotation reagent fully reacts with minerals.
The first flotation reagent comprises a gangue mineral inhibitor, a rare earth mineral activating agent and a mineral collecting agent.
The gangue mineral inhibitor is water glass and sodium carbonate. The rare earth mineral activating agent is one of sodium fluosilicate, ammonium fluosilicate and magnesium fluosilicate. The mineral collector is oxidized paraffin soap.
The water glass is liquid and can be directly added or prepared into solution with a certain concentration for adding. Sodium carbonate, sodium fluosilicate, ammonium fluosilicate, magnesium fluosilicate and paraffin oxide soap are prepared into solution with certain mass concentration by hot water and added.
The usage amount of the gangue mineral inhibitor sodium carbonate is 200-5000 g per ton of flotation feeding ore. The amount of the water glass is 200-8000 g per ton of flotation feed. The dosage of the rare earth mineral activating agent is 0-3000 g per ton of flotation feeding ore. The dosage of the mineral collecting agent oxidized paraffin soap is 50-3000 g per ton of flotation feeding.
The stirring time of the first flotation reagent is 1-30 min, so that the first flotation reagent fully acts on the surface of the mineral, the flotation performance of the mineral is changed, and the first flotation reagent is easy to adhere to bubbles to obtain flotation concentrate.
The specific method for flotation in the step (2) is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the air inlet valve of the flotation machine is opened to allow air to enter the flotation machine, and a large amount of bubbles are generated under the stirring action of the first flotation reagent and the flotation machine. And (3) selectively adhering the rare earth minerals acted by the mineral collecting agent to the bubbles, floating to the surface of the ore pulp, and scraping out the foams through a flotation machine foam scraping device to obtain rare earth concentrates. The gangue mineral inhibitor enables niobium minerals and gangue minerals to be retained in the flotation tank in the flotation process to serve as rare earth flotation tailings. In order to improve the grade and the recovery rate of the foam product, flotation concentrate and flotation tailings are subjected to multiple times of flotation. And (4) concentrating the scraped foam for multiple times to enable the grade of the selected rare earth minerals to be higher. And adding a mineral collecting agent into the ore pulp in the flotation tank after the foam is scraped out for scavenging for multiple times so as to more thoroughly float and recover the rare earth minerals. The products in the fine selection groove and the scavenged foam products are middlings and can be returned to the process in sequence to form a closed process.
The magnetic field intensity of the strong magnetic separation in the step (3) is 0.3-3.0T.
The concrete method for size mixing in the step (4) is as follows:
adjusting the solid concentration of the ore pulp to 10-50% by using the strong magnetic niobium concentrate, adjusting the temperature of the ore pulp to 5-90 ℃, adding a second flotation reagent, and stirring to ensure that the second flotation reagent fully reacts with minerals.
The second flotation reagent comprises a gangue mineral inhibitor, a niobium mineral collector and a foaming agent. The gangue mineral inhibitor is water glass. The niobium mineral collecting agent is a hydroximic acid collecting agent, and comprises, but is not limited to, benzohydroxamic acid, salicylhydroxamic acid, naphthahydroxamic acid and C5-7 hydroximic acid. The niobium mineral collector is added in a solution with a certain concentration prepared by sodium carbonate. The amount of the gangue mineral inhibitor water glass is 0-5000 g per ton of flotation feed. The using amount of the niobium mineral collecting agent is 50-3000 g per ton of flotation feeding ore. The foaming agent is 2# oil or methyl isobutyl carbinol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 1-200 g per ton of flotation feeding ore. And stirring the second flotation reagent for 1-30 min to fully act on the surface of the mineral to change the flotation performance of the mineral, so that high-grade flotation concentrate is obtained.
As shown in fig. 3, the specific method of flotation in step (4) is as follows:
and opening an air inlet valve of the flotation machine to enable air to enter the flotation machine, and generating a large amount of bubbles under the action of stirring and foaming agents of the flotation machine. And the niobium ore acted by the mineral collecting agent is selectively adhered to the bubbles, floats to the surface of the ore pulp, and is scraped out by a flotation machine bubble scraping device to be used as niobium concentrate. Gangue minerals are retained in the flotation tank in the flotation process to be used as flotation tailings. In order to improve the grade and recovery rate of the foam product, multiple concentration and scavenging can be carried out when necessary, so as to obtain niobium concentrate with higher grade and more thoroughly recover niobium minerals. The products in the fine selection tank and the scavenged foam products are middlings and can be returned to the flow in sequence to form a closed-circuit flotation flow.
And (3) the gravity separation equipment in the step (5) is a shaking table or a spiral chute.
The invention selects high-grade niobium concentrate from multi-metal ore containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium and other useful elements through a magnetic-floatation-gravity combined ore dressing process, thereby realizing the sorting of niobium ore. And (4) obtaining a flotation niobium concentrate and a gravity concentration niobium concentrate with higher grade, and combining the flotation niobium concentrate and the gravity concentration niobium concentrate to obtain the final niobium concentrate. Can be selected from (Nb + Ta)2O5The raw ore with the grade of 0.43 percent is subjected to mineral separation to obtain (Nb + Ta)2O5Grade 6.67% of the final niobium concentrate, (Nb + Ta)2O5The recovery rate is 48.06%. The yield of the niobium concentrate is 3.22 percent, the treatment capacity can be greatly reduced when useful elements are extracted in the next step of metallurgy, the production cost is reduced, and the production benefit is improved.
Example 1
Strong magnetic separation of raw ore
Ore ore (Nb + Ta)2O5The grade is 0.39%, the ore is ground to the fineness of 40% with 200 meshes, and the strong magnetic separation result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Strong magnetic separation test results of raw ore
The yield of (Nb + Ta) can be obtained by strong magnetic separation of the raw ore2O5Grade 1.94% strong magnetic rough concentrate, (Nb + Ta)2O5The recovery rate was 69.00%.
Second, the strong magnetic separation rough concentrate regrinding flotation rare earth
The rough concentrate after the strong magnetic separation is reground to the fineness of 70 percent which is 400 meshes, the dosage of sodium fluosilicate as an activator of the rare earth ore is 600g/t, the dosage of sodium silicate as an inhibitor is 1.6kg/t, the dosage of oxidized paraffin soap as a collector is 320g/t, scavenging is 260g/t, the first rough and the third fine sweep are performed in the rare earth flotation process, and middlings are returned sequentially. The technical indexes of the flotation rare earth are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 technical index of the flotation of rare earth from strong magnetic rough concentrate
In rare earth flotation tailings (Nb + Ta)2O5The grade is 1.94 percent, and the recovery rate is 60.98 percent.
③ rare earth flotation tailings high intensity magnetic niobium
The rare earth flotation tailings are subjected to strong magnetic separation on niobium by using a strong magnetic separator under the condition that the background magnetic field intensity is 1.4T, and the test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Strong niobium flotation results for rare earth flotation tailings
Separating niobium from the rare earth flotation tailings by using a strong magnetic separator to obtain (Nb + Ta) in strong magnetic separation niobium concentrate2O5Grade 2.45% and recovery 50.54%.
High-intensity magnetic separation niobium concentrate flotation niobium
The process of performing the strong magnetic separation on the niobium concentrate for flotation adopts the flow of one coarse step and two fine steps and the sequential return of middlings. The concentration of the ore pulp is 30 percent. The collecting agent benzohydroxamic acid roughing dosage is 1000g/t, scavenging dosage is 200g/t, the foaming agent dosage is 10g/t, and scavenging is 2g/t, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 test results of the flotation of niobium from the ferromagnetic niobium concentrate
Performing strong magnetic separation on the niobium concentrate for flotation to obtain (Nb + Ta) in the flotation niobium concentrate2O5Grade 6.08%, recovery 21.24%.
Fifthly, reselecting niobium flotation tailings
And (4) reselecting the niobium minerals by using a shaking table for the niobium flotation tailings. The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 flotation niobium tailings gravity niobium test results
Can be selected from flotation tailings by gravity separation (Nb + Ta)2O5The grade of the niobium concentrate is 7.69 percent, and the recovery rate is 15.01 percent.
The flotation niobium concentrate and the gravity niobium concentrate are combined to obtain the final niobium concentrate, the yield is 1.99 percent, (Nb + Ta)2O5The grade is 6.65 percent, and the recovery rate is 36.25 percent.
(2) Example 2
Strong magnetic separation of raw ore
Ore ore (Nb + Ta)2O5The grade is 0.43 percent, the ore is ground to the fineness of-200 meshes which accounts for 63 percent, and the strong magnetic separation result is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 Strong magnetic separation test results of raw ore
The yield of the (Nb + Ta) can be obtained by strong magnetic separation of the raw ore of 24.14 percent2O5Grade 1.44% strong magnetic rough concentrate, (Nb + Ta)2O5The recovery rate is 80.59%.
Second, the strong magnetic separation rough concentrate regrinding flotation rare earth
The rough concentrate after the strong magnetic separation is ground again until the fineness is 75 percent of-400 meshes, the concentration of the flotation pulp is 30 percent, the dosage of sodium fluosilicate as an activator of the rare earth ore is 600g/t, the dosage of water glass as an inhibitor is 1.7kg/t, the dosage of oxidized paraffin soap as a collector is 360g/t, scavenging is 200g/t, the first rough and the third fine sweep are carried out in the rare earth flotation process, and the middlings are returned sequentially. The technical indexes of the flotation rare earth are shown in a table 7.
TABLE 7 technical index of the flotation of rare earth from strong magnetic rough concentrate
In rare earth flotation tailings (Nb + Ta)2O5Grade 1.49%, recovery 76.16%.
③ rare earth flotation tailings high intensity magnetic niobium
The rare earth flotation tailings are subjected to strong magnetic separation on niobium by using a strong magnetic separator under the condition that the background magnetic field intensity is 1.4T, and the test results are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 Strong niobium flotation results for rare earth flotation tailings
Separating niobium from the rare earth flotation tailings by using a strong magnetic separator to obtain (Nb + Ta) in strong magnetic separation niobium concentrate2O5Grade 2.28%, recovery 64.12%.
High-intensity magnetic separation niobium concentrate flotation niobium
The process of performing the strong magnetic separation on the niobium concentrate for flotation adopts the flow of one coarse step and two fine steps and the sequential return of middlings. The concentration of the ore pulp is 30 percent. The collecting agent benzohydroxamic acid roughing dosage is 1000g/t, scavenging dosage is 200g/t, the foaming agent dosage is 10g/t, and scavenging is 2g/t, and the results are shown in table 9.
TABLE 9 test results of flotation of niobium from strong magnetic niobium concentrate
Performing strong magnetic separation on the niobium concentrate for flotation to obtain (Nb + Ta) in the flotation niobium concentrate2O5The grade is 6.52 percent, and the recovery rate is 32.58 percent.
Fifthly, selecting niobium from niobium flotation tailings
And (4) reselecting the niobium minerals by using a shaking table for the niobium flotation tailings. The results are shown in Table 10.
TABLE 10 results of niobium gravity separation from flotation of niobium tailings
Can be selected from flotation tailings by gravity separation (Nb + Ta)2O5The grade of the niobium concentrate is 7.02 percent, and the recovery rate is 15.48 percent.
The final niobium concentrate yield after the flotation niobium concentrate and the gravity niobium concentrate are combined is 3.22 percent, (Nb + Ta)2O5The grade is 6.67 percent, and the recovery rate is 48.06 percent.
Claims (10)
1. A method for selecting niobium concentrate from polymetallic ores containing rare earth, niobium, zirconium and the like is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out strong magnetic separation after ore grinding to obtain strong magnetic rough concentrate:
(2) performing regrinding and rare earth flotation on the strong magnetic rough concentrate in the step (1) to obtain rare earth concentrate and rare earth tailings, wherein the steps of the regrinding and rare earth tailings flotation comprise: grinding ore and mixing slurry; flotation;
(3) performing strong magnetic separation on the rare earth flotation tailings obtained in the step (2) to obtain strong magnetic niobium concentrate; the magnetic field intensity of the strong magnetic separation is 0.3-3.0T;
(4) and (3) further improving the grade of the strong magnetic niobium concentrate obtained in the step (3) by adopting a flotation method to obtain flotation niobium concentrate and flotation niobium tailings, wherein the flotation method comprises the following steps: firstly, size mixing; flotation;
(5) and (4) performing gravity separation on the flotation niobium tailings obtained in the step (4) to recover niobium.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the niobium concentrate is selected from the group consisting of rare earth, niobium, zirconium and other polymetallic ores, and wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (1), the grinding fineness of-0.074 mm accounts for 20-90%; before the strong magnetic separation, a weak magnetic separator is used for removing iron, and the magnetic field intensity is 500-3000 Oe; and carrying out strong magnetic separation on the ore pulp subjected to iron removal under the condition that the magnetic field intensity is 0.3-3.0T to obtain strong magnetic rough concentrate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the niobium concentrate is selected from the group consisting of rare earth, niobium, zirconium and other polymetallic ores, and wherein: the specific method for grinding and mixing the ore in the step (2) is as follows: grinding the strong magnetic rough concentrate until the fineness is-0.045 mm and accounts for 20-99%; adjusting the solid concentration of ore pulp of the ground strong magnetic rough concentrate to 10-50% and the temperature of the ore pulp to 5-90 ℃; adding the first flotation reagent and stirring to ensure that the first flotation reagent and the minerals fully react.
4. A method of selecting niobium concentrate from ores containing rare earths, niobium, zirconium and other polymetallic minerals according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first flotation reagent comprises a gangue mineral inhibitor, a rare earth mineral activator and a mineral collector; the gangue mineral inhibitor is water glass and sodium carbonate; the rare earth mineral activating agent is one of sodium fluosilicate, ammonium fluosilicate and magnesium fluosilicate; the mineral collecting agent is oxidized paraffin soap; preparing water glass into solution with a certain concentration and adding; preparing sodium carbonate, sodium fluosilicate, ammonium fluosilicate, magnesium fluosilicate and paraffin oxide soap into solution with certain mass concentration by using hot water; the using amount of the gangue mineral inhibitor sodium carbonate is 200-5000 g per ton of flotation feeding ore; the using amount of the water glass is 200-8000 g per ton of flotation feed ore; the dosage of the rare earth mineral activating agent is 0-3000 g per ton of flotation feeding ore; the dosage of the mineral collecting agent oxidized paraffin soap is 50-3000 g per ton of flotation feeding ore; the stirring time of the first flotation reagent is 1-30 min.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the niobium concentrate is selected from the group consisting of rare earth, niobium, zirconium and other polymetallic ores, and wherein: the specific method for flotation in the step (2) is as follows:
opening an air inlet valve of the flotation machine to enable air to enter the flotation machine, and generating a large amount of bubbles under the stirring action of the first flotation reagent and the flotation machine; the rare earth minerals acted by the mineral collecting agent are selectively adhered to the bubbles, float to the surface of the ore pulp, and are scraped out through a flotation machine bubble scraping device to serve as rare earth concentrates; the gangue mineral inhibitor enables niobium minerals and gangue minerals to be retained in the flotation tank in the flotation process to serve as rare earth flotation tailings; performing flotation on the flotation concentrate and the flotation tailings for multiple times; finely selecting the scraped foam for many times; adding a mineral collecting agent into the ore pulp in the flotation tank after the foam is scraped out to perform scavenging for multiple times; and (4) selecting products in the trough and scavenged foam products as middlings, and returning the middlings to the flow in sequence to form a closed flow.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the niobium concentrate is selected from the group consisting of rare earth, niobium, zirconium and other polymetallic ores, and wherein: the concrete method for size mixing in the step (4) is as follows:
adjusting the solid concentration of the ore pulp to 10-50% by using the strong magnetic niobium concentrate, adjusting the temperature of the ore pulp to 5-90 ℃, adding a second flotation reagent, and stirring to ensure that the second flotation reagent fully reacts with minerals.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the niobium concentrate is selected from the group consisting of rare earth, niobium, zirconium and other polymetallic ores, and wherein: the second flotation reagent comprises a gangue mineral inhibitor, a niobium mineral collector and a foaming agent; the gangue mineral inhibitor is water glass; the niobium mineral collector is a hydroximic acid collector; preparing a niobium mineral collecting agent into a solution with a certain concentration by using sodium carbonate, and adding the solution; the amount of the gangue mineral inhibitor water glass is 0-5000 g per ton of flotation feed ore; the using amount of the niobium mineral collecting agent is 50-3000 g per ton of flotation feeding ore; the foaming agent is 2# oil or methyl isobutyl carbinol, and the dosage of the foaming agent is 1-200 g per ton of flotation feeding ore; and the stirring time of the second flotation reagent is 1-30 min.
8. The method of selecting niobium concentrate from ores containing rare earths, niobium, zirconium and other polymetallic minerals according to claim 7, wherein: the niobium mineral collecting agent is one of benzohydroxamic acid, salicylhydroxamic acid, naphthalimic acid and C5-7 hydroximic acid.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the niobium concentrate is selected from the group consisting of rare earth, niobium, zirconium and other polymetallic ores, and wherein: the specific method for flotation in the step (4) is as follows:
opening an air inlet valve of the flotation machine to enable air to enter the flotation machine, and generating a large amount of bubbles under the action of stirring and foaming agents of the flotation machine; the niobium ore acted by the mineral collecting agent is selectively adhered to bubbles, floats to the surface of ore pulp, and is scraped out by a foam scraping device of a flotation machine to be used as niobium concentrate; the gangue minerals are retained in the flotation tank in the flotation process to be used as flotation tailings; in order to improve the grade and the recovery rate of the foam product, multiple times of concentration and multiple times of scavenging are carried out; and products in the fine selection tank and scavenged foam products are middlings and return to the flow in sequence to form a closed-circuit flotation flow.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the niobium concentrate is selected from the group consisting of rare earth, niobium, zirconium and other polymetallic ores, and wherein the method comprises the steps of: and (3) the gravity separation equipment in the step (5) is a shaking table or a spiral chute.
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