CN1098053C - 指套式血液特性测量探针 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种指套式血液特性测量探针,用于通过计算血液成份的浓度来分析病人的血液,其包括:至少包含一个光源和至少一个光检测器的一个传感器;一个有一个开口端和一个闭合端的普通弹性管状护套,该闭合端具有能容纳至少一部分所述指部的形状,该开口端沿着护套的外表面在其自身上卷起,并且适合展开在指部上,所述传感器与该护套配合且使所述传感器靠近该闭合端,该传感器与护套定位覆盖于所述指部上,因此,所述至少一个光源发射的光穿过该指部,并被所述至少一个光检测器接收。本发明的指套式血氧定量计探针通过一个可自由取戴的手指套非粘附地套在人的指部,使用方便,通过计算血液成份的浓度来分析病人的血液,使潜在的干扰噪声人为信号达到最小。
Description
本发明涉及一种血氧定量计的传感器,它通过一个廉价的、可自由取戴的手指套非粘附地套在人的指部(如手指),通过计算血液成份的浓度(例如病人血液中氧的饱合度)来分析病人的血液,使潜在的干扰噪声人为信号达到最小。
电磁能经常在某种介质中被传递或反射,从而确定该介质的特性。在医学领域,光能能由被测量的人体组织透射或反射,以确定有关该组织的信息而不必从病人体内提取物质以进行测试。这种无创伤式的测量能快速、方便地实现,并已被证明对病人更为舒适。
在治疗病人时,身体功能的无创伤式生理监测是经常需要的。如在外科手术中,体内氧的有效供应(即血液充氧)常常要被监测。现在的这种测量通常由无创伤式的技术来实现,它测量入射光通过体内充满血液部分(如手指、耳垂或额头)时的透射率(或反射率)。
光能通过体内时的透射主要受到几个因素的影响,这些因素包括能量所通过组织的厚度、光耦合、光角度以及检测器与能源间的距离(即光路的长度)。
人体的某些部位是柔软且可压缩的,因此,可理想地用于透射光能,例如人的指部(如手指)包括皮肤、肌肉、组织、骨胳、血液等等。尽管骨胳相对而言是不可压缩的,但对手指施加额外压力时,骨胳周围的组织很容易被压缩。所以,这种指部很适于光能的透射或反射,以达到血液监测的目的。
光学探针已在过去的有创伤式及无创伤式应用中使用过。在典型的光学探针中,一个发光二极管(LED)被放到人体组织的一侧而一个光探测器被放在相对的另一侧。这种常规的光学探针主要用在病人处于相对静止时以及用在周围光线较暗的环境中。
作为特例,一个众所周知用在健康检查中的无创伤式的测量仪器的光学探针是脉搏式血氧定量计,它测量脉搏频率及动脉血管中有效氧的百分比。直到八十年代初,门诊医师们根据动脉血液气体分析来评估人体内的气体交换和氧传输。尽管这种动脉血液气体测试提供了有价值的信息,但它只能反映一段时间病人体内含氧情况。另一方面,脉搏血氧测定法允许对病人动脉氧饱合状态进行连续地、无创伤式地测量。
血氧测定法是基于血液中血红蛋白在以氧合血红蛋白方式携氧时与以脱氧血红蛋白方式非携氧时吸收红光和红外光不同的原理。现有的血氧定量计传感器根据血液中的血红蛋白检测光能的吸收率,从而确定动脉血液氧的饱合度,即对于全部血红蛋白的携氧容量来说其血红蛋白携氧的数量。
由于这种原因,现有的血氧定量计传感器通常包括一个光检测器及一对发射红光和红外光的发光二极管。在透射的情况下,该传感器的封装方式是二极管和光检测器分别放在血管床(vascular bed)(通常为手指、耳垂或脚趾)相对的两侧。在反射的情况下,发光二极管和光检测器并排放在血管床(通常为额头)的上面,其中间用一阻挡层隔开以阻止光不首先通过组织样本而直接到达检测器。摆好位置后,发光二极管发射已知波长的红光和红外光以便通过透射和反射方式穿过血管床,并被检测器接收。
光检测器根据通过血管床到检测器后未被吸收的光产生一个信号,该信号通常被转化成数字形式然后再送到计算机或微处理器中计算出红光与红外光吸收比。随后该吸收数据被用来确定动脉血氧饱合值并可将其显示在一个监视器或一个曲线图上。由于直接流向血管床的光至少部分地被周围组织和骨胳物质吸收了,血氧定量计通常利用由动脉的脉动产生的交替亮和暗的信号来进一步阐明脱氧血红蛋白和氧合血红蛋白的存在,正如本发明所述。
现有的脉搏血氧定量计给健康护理者提供确定病人动脉氧饱合度每秒钟变化情况的能力。这就有可能在血氧过低发生之前采取阻止措施。(血氧过低是由血液中氧的缺乏引起的,它能导致大脑损坏甚至死亡。)健康护理者还能确定病人在连续治疗基础上的反应。
最初用在手术室的脉搏血氧测定法在医院的其它部门正变得日益普遍,它们包括急诊室、成人和新生儿特护室、手术麻醉处理室。医疗急求专家及私人医生,还期望该脉搏血氧定量计用在普通病房甚至医院以外的地方。正是在这些新地点,前述光学探针已被证明是不合适的,这是由于病人的移动及其被使用的地点是相对有噪声的环境。
一种粘附地套在病人手指上的常规光传感器发表在古德曼等人美国专利4,830,014(公布日期为1989年5月16日)上。在其以前的应用结构中,该传感器具有平面“I”形状并带有一个粘胶层覆盖整个侧面。用来覆盖手指弯曲表面的传感器区是狭窄的以便在指尖部提供较小的稳定度。该探针包括一个复合的分层结构,它由粘附层通过将众多并排层连接在一起而形成的。第一层包括一些孔,通过这些孔使光源和光检测器相互传递信息;另外一层紧紧地连在(即粘附在)病人手指上,传感器必然随着手指而移动。这种传感器的结构还要求光源和检测器必须与相应的孔精确地对准,用以确保光将在光源和检测器之间通过这些孔。
现有的如古德曼所揭示的光传感器有几个缺点,如这种粘附地套在病人皮肤上的传感器易受病人手指不规则移动时不配合的影响,即这种手指偶尔的移动会使手指一侧的皮肤拉紧而另一侧的皮肤紧缩。套在手指相对两侧皮肤上的光源和检测器因此也随着皮肤的拉紧和紧缩而移动,这种移动会导致光源和检测器间的不对中或会改变光源和检测器之间的发射角,并会改变光源和检测器之间的光路长度。因此,不对中或光路长度的增加会产生移动的人为信号,它们是不可预测的因此也是不可补偿的,所以必然会此起对从检测器输出信号的理解困难,并且透射和反射光的数量也不具有代表性。
另一种已知的光传感器发表在卡尔普的美国专利5,125,403(公布日期为1992年6月30日)上。一个在其内部部分折叠的纺织物管在病人指尖周围固定一个侧折叠的光源和检测修改后的说明书器装置,手指与侧折叠装置相接并将其推入纺织物管以使该管子从里面滑出。然而,这个纺织物管是不稳定的,往往引起其从里向外的反向移动。更有甚者,折叠侧装置会滑离手指尖,所以需要将整个装配重新折叠和重新安装到手指上。弯曲手指还能引起分离而且网状结构在手指弯曲后不能充分拉直手指。
本发明涉及一种低噪声血氧定量计的指套式探针。指套式探针是非粘附地套在人的指部(如手指),因此当病人轻轻地移动其手指时,指部将基本上保持不变形,这就有利地避免了与粘附在手指上的常规光传感器有关的缺点,正如上所述,如果病人移动其手指时,这类常规传感器会产生不希望的光源相对于检测器的位移和不配合。由于血氧定量计传感器和指部之间非粘连地接触,光路被保持恒定并且检测器相对于传感器的角位移被减小。
本发明提供的用于分析至少一种指部血液特性的一个传感器探针,包括:至少有一个光源和至少一个光检测器的一个传感器;一个有一个开口端和一个闭合端的普通弹性管状护套,该闭合端具有能容纳至少一部分所述指部的形状,该开口端沿着护套的外表面在其自身上卷起,并且适合展开在指部上,所述传感器与该护套配合且使所述传感器靠近该闭合端,该传感器与护套定位覆盖于所述指部上,因此,所述至少一个光源发射的光能穿过该指部,并被所述至少一个光检测器接收。
根据本发明的一种利用一个光源和一个光检测器分析至少一种指部血液特性的方法,包括以下步骤:将所述光源和所述光检测器附加到一保持护套,所述保持护套具有一开口端和一闭合端,该开口端沿着护套的外表面在其自身上卷起;将所述护套的闭合端置于一部分指部上;将所述光源面对该指部的一侧放置;将所述光检测器面对指部另一侧放置;展开所述护套的开口端覆盖在该指部上且覆盖光源和光检测器,以将该光源和光检测器包围并固定到该指部上;使光透射过该指部;接收该透射出的光;以及产生一个指示该指部血液特性的信号。
本发明另一方面还提供一种利用一个光源和一个光检测器分析至少一种指部血液特性的方法,包括以下步骤:提供一个支持修改后的说明书该源和该检测器的载体;将所述光源面对该指部的一侧放置;将所述光检测器面对指部的另一侧放置;折叠该载体覆盖到指部上,因此,该载体的纵轴方向通常与被分析的一个指部的纵轴方向是一致的;将一护套的闭合端置于部分载体之上,所述护套具有一开口端和一闭合端,该开口端沿着护套的外表面在其自身上卷起;展开所述护套的开口端覆盖在该指部上且覆盖该载体,以将该光源和光检测器包围并固定到该指部上;使光透射过该指部;接收该透射出的光;以及产生一个指示该指部血液特性的信号。
根据本发明的一个方面,它提供的传感器探针用来分析至少一种组织特性。传感器探针包括一个传感器,它包括至少一个电磁能源和至少一个电磁能检测器。一个载体支承着该传感器并有一个具备充分柔性的主体,以便至少部分地包围一部分组织。传感器源和传感器检测器相互对应地放在载体上以便在彼此之间通过组织传递电磁能,而载体放在该组织的一部分上面。探针也包括一个普通有弹性的、可任意取戴的具有一个第一端和一个第二端的护套。护套的第一端与载体相连,护套的第二端呈管状并向上卷起,它适于不被卷起地伸向载体,因此该护套至少包围了载体的一部分而该载体是放在组织的一部分上面。
在优选实施例中,护套的第一端最好用一个放在载体和护套之间的可卸下的连接器可分离地粘附在载体上。这个可卸下的连接器希望是一个弹簧型连接器、一个钩环固定器、一个按钮、一个销钉、一个夹子或一个诸如此类的连接器,它能快速、易拆卸地把载体固定到弹性套上。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种传感器探针,用来分析至少一种组织特性。传感器探针包括一个传感器,它包括至少一个电磁能源和至少一个电磁能检测器;传感器探针还包括一个具有一个第一端和一个第二端的普通弹性护套。第一端的成形是为了容纳至少一部分被分析的组织;第二端具有一个普通的、被向上卷起的管状结构,并且适用于展开覆盖在组织上。传感器安装在靠近第一端的护套内,因此传感器源和传感器检测器在彼此之间通过组织传递电磁能,护套放在该组织的上面。
根据一个优选的分析至少一个组织特性的方法,提供了一个电磁能源和一个电磁能检测器,该源和检测器是互连接的并且是可分离地粘附到固定护套上。电磁能源面对组织放置,而电磁能检测器同样面对组织放置。护套被展开覆盖在组织及电磁能源和电磁能检测器上,以便包围并固定该源和检测器到组织上。电磁能通过组织被传递并由检测器接收,检测器产生一个指示用来分析组织特性的信号。
本发明的所有特征将根据用来说明但不是限制本发明的优选实施例图进行描述,其中:
图1-3说明一个常规血氧定量计探针;
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的指套式探针的正视图;
图5是如图4中线5-5所示的指套式探针的侧视图;
图6和7粗略说明图4的指套式探针套到病人手指的步骤;
图8是一个显示图7的指套式探针完全套在病人手指上的侧视图;
图9显示一个图8的指套式探针的部分侧面部视图;
图10显示一个根据本发明另一个实施例的指套式探针改进型的部分侧面剖视图;
图11是根据本发明进一步实施例的指套式探针的上部平面图;
图12是一个沿图11的线12-12剖开的带永久性连接器的指套式探针的部分截面剖视图;
图13和14具体地说明图11的指套式探针套到病人手指的步骤;
图15是一个显示图14的指套式探针完全套在病人手指上的侧视图;以及
图16说明图11带有可分离连接器的指套式探针的侧视图。
图1-3说明一个已知的用于监测充满血液的组织(如在病人的指尖部位)的血氧化度的血氧定量计探针1。参考图1,现有的血氧定量计探针包括:一个释放层2;一个可替换的固定绷带4(单独显示在图2中)粘附至释放层2上。正如图2所示,一相对薄的粘胶层面6纵向延伸至固定绷带4的中央;一个弹性网膜8覆盖在夹层面6上,网膜8包括:一对在同一轴线上彼此隔开一定距离穿透而成的开孔9,10;一种清晰的、透明的(如薄塑料)材料最好覆盖在开孔9,10上。
正如图2所示,固定绷带4上置有光源12和光检测器14。光源12通常为一对发光二极管(LEDS)。光源12和光检测器14被粘附在绷带4的层面6上,并且当网膜8固定到层面6上时,它们正好被安放在开孔9,10内。电线连到光源12的每个二极管和光检测器14上。电线外包一层外保护套16,其末端接到一个通用插头18上,插头18连到一个通用控制器(未显示),它能给光源12及光检测器16提供信号或从其上接收信号。
绷带4的表面(例如中间表面)上覆盖一层粘胶以使缚在病人手指或其它指部的绷带能够取下。最好如图3所示,绷带4紧紧地包住病人的手指20,因此光源12和光检测器14在病人手指相对两侧彼此对准。以这种方式,光检测器能够接收光源12中的发光二极管发出的经病人手指透射后的光信号。监测完成后,取下病人手指20上的固定绷带4并扔掉。
由于绷带4紧紧地包住病人手指20,当病人在测试过程中移动其手指时,具有粘性反面的固定绷带4是不可移动的。正如上面的描述,即在监测过程中,当手指受挤压甚至轻微地移动将会导致光源12和检测器14的不配合,从而引起光路长度的变化。这种由探针移动而产生的测量误差被称为移动人为误差。因此,来自血氧定量计探针1中的信号在某些情况下可能会漂移和不可靠。
图4-11说明一个根据本发明优选实施例构成的可自由取戴的,自粘式的指套式探针21。指套式探针21的设计使得在测量信号时,不仅能减小移动人为误差,而且也能减少来自伪光(例如来自除传感器23中光源以外的光)的可能的噪声人为信号。
参考图4,本发明的指套式探针21主要包括:一个小型指套22和一个传感器23。指套22的结构使其能快速方便地套到病人的手指上或其它指部或从其上取下,而不需要象对那些常用的血氧定量计探针采用的粘附或其它不舒服的固定方式。可以理解,本探针21也可用在除了指部外的身体其它充满血液的部位。
以前的应用结构说明在图4-7中,指套22包括:一个向其上部卷起的开口近端24和一个封闭顶端26。指套22的封闭顶端26具有一个容纳病人指尖28的拱形表面结构。
指套22要求由薄弹性套形成,它最好不透射外界光且更不透射在传感器23能检测的波长范围内的伪光。
当病人的手指放入拱形的封闭顶端26中时(如图7的说明),卷起的近端24被往靠身体的方向拉且纵向展开套在病人手指28上,因此形成一个普通的管状套。近端24的套管要求包在手指28的四周,以形成一个相对封闭的配合,而不需要紧紧地将传感器23缚到组织上且不会显著地挤压组织。因此,指套的尺寸(周长的和纵向的)应具有多种规格以适应病人不同年龄,大小和时期的手指及指部的多样化。
参考图8,指套22包括许多穿透指套材料的小孔来增加流到手指8的空气以达到最大的舒适为目的。
当向病人身体方向拉近端28以使其沿病人手指28完全展开时,指套22的未端是一个相对厚的圆形套箍32。套箍32的内径比套管的稍小,以便在不用粘胶和其它固定方式均能提供足够压力以支持指套22到手指28的自附。
参考图9,显示的是附有展开的指套22且套在病人手指28的尖部的传感器23。传感器23包括:一个光源34和一个光检测器36,它们相互间在同光线轴上隔开一定的距离排列在指套22的顶端26上以从相对两侧透射病人手指28。在说明的实施例中,光源34最好是一对发光二极管,图9中只显示了其中之一。
光源34和光检测器36被嵌入在指套22中形成的各自的凹槽38,40中,以避免病人的手指的组织和光源34及光检测器36接触。当病人的组织受指套顶端26轻轻挤压时,它可能挤入凹槽38,40的任何一个中,由于凹槽具有一定的深度,因此该组织不会直接地与光源34和光检测器接触。
最好有一种经选择的折射率与病人的皮肤一致的粘性偶合介质,如油或凝胶充满凹槽38,40以使光源34及光检测器36与病人的组织配合。当病人移动其手指时,光偶合介质始终与该组织接触,然而,这种移动并不移动光源34和传感器36,因此手指的移动本质上不会改变光源34和光检测器之间的光偶合成光路的长度。
正如图9所示,电导线41,42连至构成光源34的发光二极管上,另一根电导线44连至光检测器36上。来自光源34和光检测器36的导线41,42,44纵向延伸穿过指套22的近端24相互排列成直线,并在其伸出指套22外部的导线外围套上一个电绝缘保护套或套管46(看图8)。外套管46将导线41,42,44,引到一个适配控制器和信号处理装置上(未显示),下面是简要的描述。
图10显示一个指套22a,它是图4-9中说明的指套的改进型。为讨论方便起见,带有后缀“a”的相同参考数字用于表示两种不同实施例中相同的组成部分。指套22a的近端24a和顶端26a具有均匀的厚度,而指套22a的顶端26a的厚度比近端24a要厚。已经发现这种厚度的变化能使指套22a更容易被卷紧,图4和5说明了本发明的应用外形结构图。
图11-15显示一个根据本发明的进一步实施例的指套式探针21。探针21包括:一个普通的平面保护垫或载体52,它最好由弹性材料(如塑料)构成。指套22连到靠近保护垫52中点处的保护垫52上。
参考图12,在本发明的应用外形结构图中,指套22包括:一个向上卷起的开口近端24和一个封闭的拱形顶端26。正如图12和13中的剖视图线所表示的,近端24上卷以便手指放入指套52中。
指套22要求由薄的,弹性护套制成,它通常不能透射外界光,且最好不透射在传感器23所检测的波长范围内的伪光。
指套既能拆卸地又能永久地固定到保护垫52上。尽管指套22和保护垫52的两种内连形式同样好,但最好采用指套22能够从保护垫上拆卸的连接方式,因此传感器23和探针21中的保护垫能够重被使用,讨论如下。
图12说明用一个销钉60将指套永久性地连至保护垫52上。销钉60的主体窄,在其主体的一端有一相对宽的头,而主体相对的另一端有一对可弯曲的钉脚或结64。销钉60穿透保护垫52和指套22的顶端26,钉头62与指套22连至保护垫52的一侧上,同时可弯曲的钉脚64从保护垫52的另一侧伸出。钉脚64向保护垫52弯曲且固定(例如溶合)到保护垫52上以可靠地将指套22固定到保护垫52上。在这个位置,钉脚64也可充当一个病人手指伸进指套22中要达到的目标,正如图13所示以及如下的讨论所述。
图16说明利用可拆卸连接器65将指套22可拆卸地连到保护垫52上。在说明实施例中,可拆卸的连接器65要求是常用的弹簧型连接器,然而,可以理解其它类型的连接器,例如,按钮、钩环固定器(例如,尼龙拉带),销钉、夹子以及可拆卸挂钩也同样适用。连接器65包括:一个连至保护垫52上的插孔单元67和一个连至手指套22上的销钉单元69。当然,这些可拆卸式连接器的组成单元67,69也可以交换位置。
指套22和探针保护垫52之间的可折卸式连接允许探针21的传感器部分(例如,保护垫52和光传感器23)可以再用,这样降低了探针21的总成本。一个传感器23可以用几次,每次用后指套被替换。
图4-10中包括的指套式探针的光源34和检测器36作为指套22的整体部分,本实施例的指套式探针21(最好参看图工2)包括一个光源34(例如,一对发光二极管)和一个与指套22分隔开的光检测器36。正如图11和12所示,光源34和光检测器36被固定在保护垫52的相对的两端。光源34和光检测器36被嵌在各自的凹槽70,72中,以避免与病人组织接触。通过这种方式,正如上面所讨论的,在监测时,移动病人的手指或组织被挤压,在光源34和光检测器之间的光偶合及光路的长度可被保护。
参考图12,探针21的保护垫52可由用弹性材料构成的底层55和顶层53形成以便有利于凹槽70和72的形成。光源34和光检测器36置于底层55上,同时在顶层53形成凹槽70,72且光源34和检测器36在同一轴线上。电导线(未显示)在顶层53和底层55之间的交界处延伸穿过指套式探针21,并将光源34和光检测器36连到一个通用控制器和信号处理器上(未显示)。正如图15所示,伸出探针21的导线要求包上一个电绝缘外保护套或套管78。
正如图11所示,传感器源34和检测器36置于保护垫52上以使它们距保护垫52的中点80或中央(例如;指套被连接的点)等距离。在说明的实施例中,光源34或检测器36与中点80间的距离比传感器源34或传感器检测器36与保护垫52纵向端头81的距离要短。光源34和检测器36被暴露在保护垫的中间侧并将其并排面对用来分析的组织而放置正如下述的讨论。
图13-15说明将前面应用卷起的结构的指套式探针21套到病人手指74上的步骤,如图13所示,形成一个开的延伸结构图的步骤,如图15所示。病人的指尖79首先放在保护垫52的中点80上。为此,保护垫52最好包括一个位于中点80上的目标。目标可能是销钉60的延伸钉脚64或者也可能是位于保护垫52的中间侧的标记。在说明的实施例中,病人的指尖79被放到相对手指套22的展开顶端的由销钉60的弯曲的钉脚交叉而形成的目标上。在指套的使用过程中,中点80处(例如,钉脚64)可涂上少量的粘胶以使病人的手指粘在中点80上。然后指套22的展开的近端被拉向手指74且被展开覆盖在指套22的拱形顶端26上。在此过程中,顶端26被翻过来以套住病人的指端79。近端24向后连续移动展开套管覆盖在保护垫52上。套管迫使保护垫52的相对地的中间两侧分别而向手指74的两侧靠近。
正如图15的说明,在被完全展开被使用的状态下,保护垫52弯曲且包在手指74的外围,采用这种方式,光源34和光检测器36相互间在同一光线轴上保持一定距离固定在手指相对的两侧,因此手指能被透射。全部展开的指套22的未端有一相对厚的圆形套箍32,它为指套套住手指提供足够的压力。
用于上述指套式探针21的光检测器36响应于从病人肉组织透射的光吸收。由检测器36提供的输出信号能够被处理且用于使健康护理者通过无创伤式的测量血液成份的饱和度来分析病人血液的目的。按照现有技术,检测器36输出的信号在处理之前也可以被转换。
在说明的实施例中,引自光检测器36的输出信号能用来提供可靠的病人血液中的氧饱和百分比指数(例如,氧合成度)。为此,一种脉搏血氧定量计(未显示)激励光源34使其发射两种波长的信号,一种是典型的红光而另一种是典型的红外光。两种信号交替地穿透病人的手指尖79,信号被光检测器36检测随即产生两个输出信号。脉搏血氧定量计处理来自光检测器36的两个输出信号,以确定人体中有效氧的含量。这种信息被计算以导出血液中所包含的氧合血红蛋白和脱氧血红蛋两种之一的氧合血红蛋申的饱和度。
一种特别适合本指套式探针21使用的脉搏血氧定量计被描述在美国专利申请第07/672,890号上,申请日是1991年3月21日,并转让给本专利受让人。在此,参考并综合了专利申请第672,890号中有关脉搏血氧定量计的内容。然而,可以理解,这种血氧定量计仅作为例子被给出,而其它类型的血氧定量计也同样可用来处理来自光检测器的输出信号。
一个监测过程完成后且不再需要时,护士或护理人员取下探针21。护士向手指74的端部79卷起套箍32,然后露出保护垫52。护士要求将指套22卷起,使其完全脱离病人手指74的端部79,以露出指套22和保护垫的内部连接处。指套22和保护垫52是可拆卸的,护士能够取下,换句话说可以将指套22从保护垫52上拆下。然而指套被处理,而传感器可以被消毒后再和新的指套22一起使用。
显然,随着本发明的优选实施例的显示和描述,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以对其进行多种改进和变化。例如,本发明的指套式探针被描述成和病人手指配合的特殊用途,可能清楚地理解本发明的内容也同样可用于人体的任何其它指(趾)部或合适的可触及的组织部位。另外,本发明的光检测器被描述为对人体组织的透射光敏感,同样也可以理解,光检测器被适当放置地反射光敏感。因此,本发明范围仅受下述权利要求的限制。
Claims (25)
1、用于分析至少一种指部血液特性的一个传感器探针,包括:
至少有一个光源(34)和至少一个光检测器(36)的一个传感器;
一个有一个开口端(24)和一个闭合端(26)的普通弹性管状护套(22),该闭合端(26)具有能容纳至少一部分所述指部的形状,该开口端(24)沿着护套(22)的外表面在其自身上卷起,并且适合展开在指部上,所述传感器与该护套(22)配合且使所述传感器靠近该闭合端(26),该传感器与护套(22)定位覆盖于所述指部上,因此,所述至少一个光源(34)发射的光能穿过该指部,并被所述至少一个光检测器(36)接收。
2、权利要求1的传感器探针,进一步包括一个普通的弹性套箍(32),该套箍(32)的直径尺寸比所述护套(22)的开口端(24)的直径要小。
3、权利要求1的传感器探针,其中所述传感器位于所述护套(22)的闭合端(26)。
4、权利要求1的传感器探针进一步包括:一个放置所述传感器的载体(52),该载体(52)具有一个能够充分弯曲以包住一部分指部的主体,所述至少一个光源(34)和至少一个光检测器(36)彼此相对地放置在该载体(52)上,所述载体(52)设置为介于所述护套(22)和所述护套(22)覆盖的指部之间。
5、权利要求4的传感器探针,其中该载体(52)与该弹性护套(22)配合。
6、权利要求5的传感器探针,其中该载体(52)是可分离地连至该护套(22)的闭合端(26)。
7、权利要求6的传感器探针,进一步包括一个置于该载体(52)和该护套(22)的闭合端(26)之间的可拆卸的连接器(65),用于可分离地互连该载体(52)与该护套(22)。
8、权利要求4的传感器,其中所述至少一个光源(34)或至少一个光检测器(36)与该载体(52)中央之间的距离,比所述至少一个光源(34)或至少一个光检测器(36)与该载体(52)纵向端头之间的距离要小。
9、权利要求4的传感器,其中该载体(52)包括一第一凹槽(70)和一第二凹槽(72),它们分别容纳所述至少一个光源(34)或至少一个光检测器(36),以使置于其中的所述至少一个光源(34)或至少一个光检测器(36)与载体(52)覆盖的指部不接触。
10、权利要求9的传感器,进一步包括:置于该载体(52)的中间表面与所述至少一个光源(34)及至少一个光检测器(36)之间的该第一凹槽(70)和第二凹槽(72)中的偶合介质,该偶合介质具有和该指部基本相等的折射率。
11、权利要求1的传感器探针,其中该护套(22)的闭合端(26)包括一个拱形表面结构以容纳一部分所述指部。
12、权利要求1的传感器探针,其中该至少一个光源(34)和至少一个光检测器(36)与其上覆盖有护套的指部隔开一定距离。
13、权利要求12的传感器探针,其中该护套(22)的闭合端(26)包括:一第三凹槽(40)和一第四凹槽(38),它们分别容纳该至少一个光源(34)和该至少一个光检测器(36),以使置于其中的所述至少一个光源(34)或至少一个光检测器(36)与该护套(22)覆盖的指部不接触。
14、权利要求13的传感器探针,进一步包括置于该护套(22)的中间表面与所述至少一个光源(34)及至少一个光检测器(36)之间的该第三凹槽(40)和第四凹槽(38)中的偶合介质,该偶合介质具有和该指部基本相等的折射率。
15、权利要求1的传感器探针,其中该光源(34)包括一对发光二极管,它们发射波长分别在红光和红外光范围内的光信号。
16、权利要求1的传感器探针,其中该光源(34)和该光检测器(36)相互间同轴线且隔开一定距离置于该指部相对的两侧,以使光信号透射该指部。
17、权利要求1的传感器探针,其中该护套(22)包括多个位置靠近该闭合端(26)的通风小孔(30)。
18、权利要求7的传感器探针,其中该可拆卸的连接器(65)是从一组包括弹簧型连接器、一个钩环固定器、一个按钮、一个销钉以及一个夹子中选择的。
19、权利要求4的传感器探针,其中该至少一个光源(34)和该至少一个光检测器(36)从接触指部的载体(52)的中间表面嵌入该载体。
20、权利要求4的传感器探针,其中该护套(22)由一种不传导至少一些光波长的材料制成。
21、权利要求20的传感器探针,其中该护套(22)由一种不透射至少红光和红外波长的光的材料制成。
22、一种利用一个光源(34)和一个光检测器(36)分析至少一种指部血液特性的方法,包括以下步骤:
将所述光源(34)和所述光检测器(36)附加到一保持护套(22),所述保持护套(22)具有一开口端(24)和一闭合端(26),该开口端(24)沿着护套(22)的外表面在其自身上卷起;
将所述护套(22)的闭合端(26)置于一部分指部上;
将所述光源(34)面对该指部的一侧放置;
将所述光检测器(36)面对指部另一侧放置;
展开所述护套(22)的开口端(24)覆盖在该指部上且覆盖光源(34)和光检测器(36),以将该光源(34)和光检测器(36)包围并固定到该指部上;
使光透射过该指部;
接收该透射出的光;以及
产生一个指示该指部血液特性的信号。
23、权利要求22的方法,还包括以下步骤:
卷起该护套(22)使其离开指部;并且
将该护套(22)与该光源(34)和该光检测器(36)分离。
24、权利要求22的方法,其中该光的传输包括透射该指部。
25、一种利用一个光源(34)和一个光检测器(36)分析至少一种指部血液特性的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供一个支持该源(34)和该检测器(36)的载体(52);
将所述光源(34)面对该指部的一侧放置;
将所述光检测器(36)面对指部的另一侧放置;
折叠该载体(52)覆盖到指部上,因此,该载体(52)的纵轴方向通常与被分析血液的一个指部的纵轴方向是一致的;
将一护套(22)的闭合端(26)置于部分载体(52)之上,所述护套(22)具有一开口端(24)和一闭合端(26),该开口端(24)沿着护套(22)的外表面在其自身上卷起;
展开所述护套(22)的开口端(24)覆盖在该指部上且覆盖该载体(52),以将该光源(34)和光检测器(36)包围并固定到该指部修改后的权利要求书上;
使光透射过该指部;
接收该透射出的光;以及
产生一个指示该指部血液特性的信号。
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US08/091,873 | 1993-07-14 | ||
US08/091,873 US5337744A (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1993-07-14 | Low noise finger cot probe |
US08/258,100 | 1994-06-02 | ||
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CN1141585A CN1141585A (zh) | 1997-01-29 |
CN1098053C true CN1098053C (zh) | 2003-01-08 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN94194813A Expired - Lifetime CN1098053C (zh) | 1993-07-14 | 1994-07-13 | 指套式血液特性测量探针 |
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US (1) | US5452717A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0723417B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH09506786A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1098053C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU688352B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2166069A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69432421T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1995002358A1 (zh) |
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- 1994-06-02 US US08/253,100 patent/US5452717A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-13 CN CN94194813A patent/CN1098053C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-13 WO PCT/US1994/007866 patent/WO1995002358A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-07-13 DE DE69432421T patent/DE69432421T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-13 EP EP94922544A patent/EP0723417B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-13 JP JP7504691A patent/JPH09506786A/ja active Pending
- 1994-07-13 AU AU73613/94A patent/AU688352B2/en not_active Expired
- 1994-07-13 CA CA002166069A patent/CA2166069A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN100355390C (zh) * | 2005-03-15 | 2007-12-19 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | 硅胶指套血氧探头封线的方法和模具 |
WO2008064534A1 (fr) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-06-05 | Beijing Choice Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. | Appareil de mesure de saturation du sang en oxygène de type pince digitale |
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CN1141585A (zh) | 1997-01-29 |
EP0723417A4 (en) | 1999-12-01 |
JPH09506786A (ja) | 1997-07-08 |
AU688352B2 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
CA2166069A1 (en) | 1995-01-26 |
WO1995002358A1 (en) | 1995-01-26 |
DE69432421D1 (de) | 2003-05-08 |
US5452717A (en) | 1995-09-26 |
EP0723417B1 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
EP0723417A1 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
DE69432421T2 (de) | 2004-02-12 |
AU7361394A (en) | 1995-02-13 |
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