CN109802466A - A kind of battery pack active equalization circuit device and its control method - Google Patents
A kind of battery pack active equalization circuit device and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109802466A CN109802466A CN201910193086.7A CN201910193086A CN109802466A CN 109802466 A CN109802466 A CN 109802466A CN 201910193086 A CN201910193086 A CN 201910193086A CN 109802466 A CN109802466 A CN 109802466A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of battery pack active equalization circuit device and its control methods.The device includes BMS acquisition control module, constant-current source circuit, battery pack, charge switch group and balance battery core switching switching group.Equalization operation is realized to the rule control of switching group by BMS acquisition control module.In charging, the euqalizing current of constant-current source circuit output, which carries out supplement to low-voltage string battery core, makes its voltage increase acceleration；In electric discharge, euqalizing current, which undertakes partial discharge electricity, to be made low-voltage string battery core discharge less electricity and then the decline of its voltage is made to slow down；Under static conditions, euqalizing current, which is filled with electricity to low-voltage string battery core, rises its voltage.It is controllable that the present invention with a kind of simple and easy mode realizes a kind of balanced opportunity, the device and method of euqalizing current controllable precise, acceleration by controlling minimal pressure battery core, which is filled with and slows down, releases electricity, with multiple control mode on a small quantity effectively contained battery pack respectively go here and there battery core capacity it is unbalance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of power management, more particularly to a kind of battery pack active equalization circuit device and its control
Method processed.
Background technique
Existing equipment, instrument or even automobile are all largely being powered using battery, and are in the form of battery pack in most cases
To system power supply, due between battery core difference or battery pack connection the inconsistent of resistance cause in battery pack application process,
Singly gone here and there in battery pack battery core voltage differences it is increasing, due to the presence of low pressure or high voltage protective, cause battery pack is practical to make
Electricity consumption is less than practical battery power, and with the aging of battery pack, such case can be increasingly severe, causes battery electric quantity sharp
It is seriously low with rate, it is therefore necessary to balance monitoring module and balance module be added in such systems.
Capacity estimation algorithm can be much related in the application environment of battery pack, and the electricity or voltage of each battery core of battery pack are not
Equilibrium will be greatly reduced capacity estimation precision, and then influence the customer experience that system uses, from this angle analysis, balance module
Also it is necessary.
Common equalization methods are divided into active equalization and passive two kinds of equilibrium in the market, and passive equalization methods are by high voltage
The electric quantity consumption of battery core falls, to reach the consistent effect of each string battery core voltage.And the purpose of active equalization method is by high voltage electricity
The electricity of core is transferred in low-voltage battery core by certain approach, realizes same result.Passive Equalization Design is simple, but it is
Weighing apparatus process is exactly the process wasted, this declines battery pack service life, but also also results in the wasting of resources.So main
Dynamic balanced always especially power manufacturer, many manufacturers is dedicated to the problem solved.
The power battery pack active equalization method checked in seen in existing market and according to patent document is generally complex,
The circuit structure of more energy storage component or complexity is needed, more complex scheme is also along with more problem hidden danger, stability
Poor, portfolio effect is also to be improved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of battery pack active equalization circuit device and its control methods, to solve existing skill
The circuit structure of more energy storage component or complexity, and the problem of portfolio effect difference are needed in art when battery pack active equalization.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes:
A kind of battery pack active equalization circuit device, comprising: BMS acquisition control module, battery pack, is filled constant-current source circuit
Electric switch group and balance battery core switch switching group；
The importation of the constant-current source circuit passes through the charge switch group and the first of the BMS acquisition control module
Charging end connection；The output par, c of the constant-current source circuit switches switching group by the balance battery core and the battery pack connects
It connects；
The collection terminal of the BMS acquisition control module, the second charging end are connect with the positive and negative terminal of the battery pack；It is described
First control terminal of BMS acquisition control module is connect with the charge switch group；Second control of the BMS acquisition control module
End is connect with balance battery core switching switching group.
Optionally, the constant-current source circuit includes balance electric source, permanent source circuit and feedback resistance；It is described perseverance source circuit with
The feedback resistance is connected in parallel；The positive terminal of the balance electric source is connect with the input terminal of the permanent source circuit；The Heng Yuan
The output end of circuit is connect with the first input end of the charge switch group；The negative pole end of the balance electric source is opened with the charging
Second input terminal of pass group connects.
Optionally, the feedback resistance is the adjustable resistance of resistance value；The feedback resistance is with switching different stalls
The resistance or built-in program-controlled chip that adjust resistance value adjust the resistance of resistance value.
Optionally, the third control terminal of the BMS acquisition control module is connect with the feedback resistance.
Optionally, the balance electric source presses filling for 2V or more greater than single-unit battery core full charge in the battery pack by one
Single-unit battery core or more piece the battery core composition of electricity.
Optionally, the charge switch group includes switch main body and voltage reduction module；The switch main body is two relays
Or two metal-oxide-semiconductor compositions；The positive and negative of the balance electric source extremely passes through the switch main body and the BMS acquisition control module
The connection of first charging end；The voltage reduction module is connected in parallel on the balance electric source.
Optionally, the battery pack by go here and there more it is more and single-unit battery core form.
Optionally, the balance battery core switching switching group is made of multiple relays or multiple metal-oxide-semiconductors；Each relay
Device or the metal-oxide-semiconductor are connect with a single-unit battery core in the battery pack.
A kind of control method of battery pack active equalization circuit device, comprising:
System status is determined using BMS acquisition control module；The state include charged state, discharge condition and
Static condition；
If system is in charged state, and is to allow in the state equalization operation setting, then balanced minimum voltage is corresponding
Battery core voltage；It specifically includes:
Charge switch group is opened, is charged to balance electric source, and disconnect the charge switch group when balance electric source is full of；
It waits in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core, is detected using the BMS acquisition control module each
The voltage of the single-unit battery core, and calculate the difference of maximum voltage and minimum voltage；
Judge whether the difference is less than given threshold；
If so, jumping out equalization operation program；
If not, it is determined that the euqalizing current and time for balance of constant-current source circuit output open the corresponding single-unit of minimum voltage
Balance battery core corresponding to battery core switches the switch in switching group, and the euqalizing current is incorporated to list corresponding to minimum voltage
Economize on electricity in-core；After time for balance arrival, balance battery core switching corresponding to the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage is disconnected
Switch in switching group returns to waiting for using the BMS acquisition control mould in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core
Block detects the step of each single-unit battery core voltage；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until the difference stops less than given threshold；
If system is in discharge condition, and is to allow in the state equalization operation setting, then the charge switch group is disconnected,
The corresponding battery core voltage of balanced minimum voltage；It specifically includes:
After the discharge current of the battery pack is stablized, each single-unit is detected using the BMS acquisition control module
The voltage of battery core, and calculate the difference of maximum voltage and minimum voltage；
Judge whether the difference is less than given threshold；
If so, jumping out equalization operation program；
If not, it is determined that the euqalizing current and time for balance of constant-current source circuit output open the corresponding single-unit of minimum voltage
Balance battery core corresponding to battery core switches the switch in switching group, and the euqalizing current is incorporated to list corresponding to minimum voltage
Economize on electricity in-core；After time for balance arrival, balance battery core switching corresponding to the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage is disconnected
Switch in switching group returns to waiting for using the BMS acquisition control mould in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core
Block detects the step of each single-unit battery core voltage；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until the difference stops less than given threshold；
If system is in static condition, and is to allow in the state equalization operation setting, then the charge switch group is disconnected,
The corresponding battery core voltage of balanced minimum voltage；It specifically includes:
It waits in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core, is detected using the BMS acquisition control module each
The voltage of the single-unit battery core, and calculate the difference of maximum voltage and minimum voltage；
Judge whether the difference is less than given threshold；
If so, jumping out equalization operation program；
If not, it is determined that the euqalizing current and time for balance of constant-current source circuit output open the corresponding single-unit of minimum voltage
Balance battery core corresponding to battery core switches the switch in switching group, and the euqalizing current is incorporated to list corresponding to minimum voltage
Economize on electricity in-core；After time for balance arrival, balance battery core switching corresponding to the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage is disconnected
Switch in switching group returns to waiting for using the BMS acquisition control mould in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core
Block detects the step of each single-unit battery core voltage；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until the difference stops less than given threshold.
Optionally, when system is in charged state minimum voltage battery core charging current be battery pack charging current and
Weigh the sum of electric current；When system is in discharge condition, the discharge current of minimum voltage battery core is battery power discharge electric current and balanced electricity
The difference of stream；When system is in static condition, the charging current of minimum voltage battery core is euqalizing current.
The specific embodiment provided according to the present invention, the invention discloses following technical effects:
The present invention provides a kind of battery pack active equalization circuit device and its control methods.Battery used in the present invention
Group active equalization circuit device structure is simple, without complicated perception and capacitive component, without complicated circuit organization, only
A constant-current source circuit is needed, is easy to build.
In addition, monarch's constant current size of constant-current source circuit output is controllable, this is easier to equalization operation and its operating time
In control, the present invention carries out disengaging speed control from balanced electricity angle, to the electricity of low pressure battery core, to unbalance source
It is subject to control, the generation or exacerbation for avoiding battery pack unbalance from source.
The present invention simply and effectively solves the problems, such as the active equalization of power battery pack, and improve battery pack uses the longevity
Life, maximizes the service efficiency of battery electric quantity, while also having made advantageous place mat for BMS capacity statistics.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without any creative labor, can also be according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of one battery pack active equalization circuit device of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of the control method of one battery pack active equalization circuit device of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of two battery pack active equalization circuit device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the flow diagram of the control method of two battery pack active equalization circuit device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of one battery pack active equalization circuit device of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the battery
Group active equalization circuit device includes BMS acquisition control module, constant-current source circuit, battery pack, charge switch group and balance electricity
Core switches switching group.The importation of constant-current source circuit passes through the first charging end of charge switch group and BMS acquisition control module
Connection；The output par, c of constant-current source circuit switches switching group by balance battery core and connect with battery pack；BMS acquisition control module
Collection terminal, the second charging end are connect with the positive and negative terminal of battery pack；The first control terminal and charge switch of BMS acquisition control module
Group connection；Second control terminal of BMS acquisition control module is connect with balance battery core switching switching group.
BMS acquisition control module has the function of acquiring to each string battery core end voltage, battery pack current, battery pack temperature,
Also there is the function and BMS other function controlled each switching group (such as various defencive functions, capacity count).
BMS acquisition control module includes processor, acquisition unit, protection circuit and capacity calculating unit.Acquisition unit
Battery core end voltage, battery set charge/discharge electric current and battery pack temperature are respectively gone here and there in battery pack for acquiring.Processor for realizing
Control to switch each in switching group protects circuit and capacity calculating unit for realizing other basic functions of BMS.
Processor (MCU) in BMS acquisition control module, which realizes the rule control of switching group, operates battery pack balancing
Or the charging operations to the balance electric source in constant-current source circuit.
BMS acquisition control module is additionally provided with input terminal, which connects charger or load；Processor is opened each
The control of pass includes: (1) in charger access, and the first control terminal exports enabling signal, the charging being closed in charge switch group
Switch；(2) in charge and discharge or standing, as long as meeting the enabling signal that unbalance condition passes through the output of the second control terminal, closure
Balance corresponding switch in battery core switching switching group.
Constant-current source circuit is made of balance electric source, constant-current circuit and feedback resistance.Wherein, balance electric source is greater than by one
System single-unit battery core full charge presses the chargeable single-unit battery core of 2V or more or battery pack to constitute；Constant-current circuit may be selected linear steady
Pressure chip, amplifier or discrete component are built.Permanent source circuit is connected in parallel with feedback resistance；The positive terminal of balance electric source with
The input terminal of permanent source circuit connects；The output end of permanent source circuit is connect with the first input end of charge switch group；Balance electric source
Negative pole end is connect with the second input terminal of charge switch group.
The real-time control to balanced balanced current is realized by changing the resistance value of feedback resistance, to adapt to different loads application
Required balance requirement.The electric current that processor can control constant-current source circuit output in varied situations is equal to battery core to realize
The efficient control of weighing apparatus.The electric current that feedback resistance exports constant-current source circuit is constant in some fixed value, also may be selected logical
Processor control selections difference resistance value is crossed to realize the output of different current values.
Feedback resistance can be the resistance that resistance value adjusting is realized with switching different stalls, can also be directly for by interior
The resistance that program-controlled chip is changed resistance value is set, has all achieved the purpose that the current value for changing constant-current source circuit output.
The output electric current of constant-current source circuit can be differed according to certain string battery core voltage with single-unit battery core maximum voltage come really
It is fixed, or by current charging and discharging currents size and whether influence current BMS capacity algorithm to the value of battery core voltage and determine.
In system charging, the output electric current of constant-current source circuit is unrestricted；In system discharge, the output electric current of constant-current source circuit is not more than
System discharge electric current；In system at rest, after complete relevant parameter to be collected, the exportable 0.2C of constant-current source circuit electric current below or not
Export electric current.
Switch in balance battery core switching switching group and charge switch group is uniformly controlled by BMS acquisition control module, with
The energy output and output of balance electric source are realized, to realize the equilibrium of the voltage or electricity of the core that respectively economizes on electricity in battery pack.
Certain time for closing the switch maintenance is difference electricity and constant-current source circuit output electricity in balance battery core switching switching group
The quotient of stream, difference electricity are calculated by BMS acquisition control module by the parameter that acquisition unit acquires, while calculating
Also minimum and maximum limitation is set for the charge value, such as 300mAh and 30mAh.
Balance battery core switching switching group is that the output par, c of constant-current source circuit respectively goes here and there the switch that battery core connect with battery pack, can
It selects to use relay or metal-oxide-semiconductor as switch main body.Switched in switching group by closure balance battery core and is switched accordingly to realize
The output current switching of constant-current source circuit arrives the both ends of corresponding battery core, makes it that the battery core be helped to discharge or charge, increased with this or
Reduce the electricity that the battery core is filled with or releases.
Preferably, it in charge and discharge, by the corresponding switch of the minimum string battery core of sealing voltage, is allowed to the string battery core
The electricity for being filled with or releasing is modified control.Simultaneously when balance electric source voltage is lower than some threshold value, closure balance battery core is cut
Change switch all in switching group.
Charge switch group is the importation of constant-current source circuit and the switch that battery pack is connect, optional relay or
Metal-oxide-semiconductor is as switch main body.Preferably, when accessing charger, by the switch in closure charge switch group to balance electric source
It charges.
The charge switch group further includes voltage reduction module, which is connected in parallel on balance electric source.
Battery pack by go here and there more it is more and battery core form.
In the present embodiment, a small amount of multiple balance policy, balance battery core switching switch are carried out to micro- unbalance battery pack
Group unlocking condition can set lesser voltage difference threshold value (such as 5mV), once minimax voltage difference reaches this threshold value in battery pack
Then start balance battery core switching switching group, controls the inequality extent of battery pack always with this small amount of multiple equalization operation
In lesser degree, the generation of serious unbalanced phenomena is inhibited from source.It can be shorter having serious unbalanced generation
Reach portfolio effect in time.
Apparatus of the present invention and method wherein carry out a small amount of multiple balance policy in the total state and refer to, are charging
In, the euqalizing current of constant-current source circuit output, which carries out supplement filling electricity to low-voltage string battery core, makes its voltage increase acceleration；?
In electric discharge, the euqalizing current of constant-current source circuit output, which undertakes partial discharge electricity, makes the less electricity of low-voltage string battery core release make it
Voltage decline is slowed down.Under static conditions, after complete relevant parameter to be collected, the euqalizing current of constant-current source circuit output is to low-voltage
String battery core, which is filled with electricity, rises its voltage.Supplement electricity number by constant-current source circuit output euqalizing current and the charging time
It codetermines.Small threshold (such as 5mV) is selected when setting unbalance condition (i.e. battery pack respectively go here and there battery core minimax voltage difference), one
Denier just immediately turns on the equilibrium for switching in balance battery core switching switching group, and being calculated accordingly according to voltage difference to this threshold value
Electric current and charging time.Because capacity difference at this time is smaller, equilibrium process can terminate in a short time, after wait for a period of time
(preferably 200s) after waiting battery core stable polarization, switches in switching group it is determined whether to enable balance battery core switch accordingly again,
The equilibrium that multiple balancing run realizes the voltage and capacity of each string battery core is carried out by this method, to guarantee unbalance the one of battery pack
Straight control is in lesser degree.
Based on the device that embodiment one provides, the present embodiment additionally provides a kind of control of battery pack active equalization circuit device
Method processed.
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of the control method of one battery pack active equalization circuit device of the embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 2
Shown, the control method of battery pack active equalization circuit device provided in this embodiment includes following steps.
Step 101: system status is determined using BMS acquisition control module；The state includes charged state, electric discharge
State and static condition.
Step 102: it if system is in charged state, and is to allow in the state equalization operation setting, then it is balanced minimum electric
Press corresponding battery core voltage；It specifically includes:
Charge switch group is opened, is charged to balance electric source, and disconnect the charge switch group when balance electric source is full of；
It waits in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core, is detected using the BMS acquisition control module each
The voltage of the single-unit battery core, and calculate the difference of maximum voltage and minimum voltage；
Judge whether the difference is less than given threshold；
If so, jumping out equalization operation program；
If not, it is determined that the euqalizing current and time for balance of constant-current source circuit output open the corresponding single-unit of minimum voltage
Balance battery core corresponding to battery core switches the switch in switching group, and the euqalizing current is incorporated to list corresponding to minimum voltage
Economize on electricity in-core；After time for balance arrival, balance battery core switching corresponding to the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage is disconnected
Switch in switching group returns to waiting for using the BMS acquisition control mould in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core
Block detects the step of each single-unit battery core voltage；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until the difference stops less than given threshold.
At this point, the charging current of minimum voltage battery core is the sum of battery pack charging current and euqalizing current.
Step 103: if system is in discharge condition, and being to allow in the state equalization operation setting, then filled described in disconnection
Electric switch group, the corresponding battery core voltage of balanced minimum voltage；It specifically includes:
After the discharge current of the battery pack is stablized, each single-unit is detected using the BMS acquisition control module
The voltage of battery core, and calculate the difference of maximum voltage and minimum voltage；
Judge whether the difference is less than given threshold；
If so, jumping out equalization operation program；
If not, it is determined that the euqalizing current and time for balance of constant-current source circuit output open the corresponding single-unit of minimum voltage
Balance battery core corresponding to battery core switches the switch in switching group, and the euqalizing current is incorporated to list corresponding to minimum voltage
Economize on electricity in-core；After time for balance arrival, balance battery core switching corresponding to the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage is disconnected
Switch in switching group returns to waiting for using the BMS acquisition control mould in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core
Block detects the step of each single-unit battery core voltage；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until the difference stops less than given threshold；
At this point, the discharge current of minimum voltage battery core is the difference of battery power discharge electric current and euqalizing current.
Step 104: if system is in static condition, and being to allow in the state equalization operation setting, then filled described in disconnection
Electric switch group, the corresponding battery core voltage of balanced minimum voltage；It specifically includes:
It waits in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core, is detected using the BMS acquisition control module each
The voltage of the single-unit battery core, and calculate the difference of maximum voltage and minimum voltage；
Judge whether the difference is less than given threshold；
If so, jumping out equalization operation program；
If not, it is determined that the euqalizing current and time for balance of constant-current source circuit output open the corresponding single-unit of minimum voltage
Balance battery core corresponding to battery core switches the switch in switching group, and the euqalizing current is incorporated to list corresponding to minimum voltage
Economize on electricity in-core；After time for balance arrival, balance battery core switching corresponding to the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage is disconnected
Switch in switching group returns to waiting for using the BMS acquisition control mould in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core
Block detects the step of each single-unit battery core voltage；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until the difference stops less than given threshold.
At this point, the charging current of minimum voltage battery core is euqalizing current.
Embodiment two
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of two battery pack active equalization circuit device of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 3, the electricity
Pond group active equalization circuit device includes: charger/load 1, BMS acquisition control module 2, battery pack 3, charge switch group 4, puts down
The battery core that weighs switching switching group 5 and constant-current source circuit 6.
BMS acquisition control module 2 has to each string battery core end voltage, battery pack current, battery pack temperature in the present embodiment
The function of acquisition is spent, also there are the function of controlling each switching group and BMS other function (such as various defencive functions, capacity
Statistics etc.).BMS acquisition control module 2 includes processor, acquisition unit, protection circuit and capacity calculating unit.Acquisition unit
Battery core end voltage, battery set charge/discharge electric current and battery pack temperature are respectively gone here and there in battery pack for acquiring.Processor for realizing
Control to switch each in switching group protects circuit and capacity calculating unit for realizing other basic functions of BMS.
In the present embodiment, it selects in 16 strings 5 and 3 access system of battery pack, and single string battery core maximum voltage is 4.2V, is held
Amount is 12500mAh.
In the present embodiment, constant-current source circuit 6 selects and similar connection in constant-current circuit schematic diagram shown in Fig. 3.The perseverance
Current source circuit 6 includes balance electric source, permanent source circuit and feedback resistance Rp (being indicated in Fig. 3 with label 7)；Permanent source circuit and feedback
Resistance Rp is connected in parallel；The anode of balance electric source is connect with the input terminal of permanent source circuit；The output end of permanent source circuit is opened with charging
The first input end of pass group 4 connects；The cathode of balance electric source is connect with the second input terminal of charge switch group 4.
Feedback resistance Rp is the resistance that can change resistance；Feedback resistance Rp is the resistance with switching different stalls
Or the resistance of built-in program-controlled chip.
When feedback resistance Rp is the resistance with switching different stalls, constant-current source circuit 6 is the choosing of 2 kinds of different resistance values
Circuit is selected, feedback resistance Rp can be replaced with 1.5 ohm or 5 ohm by switching selection switch, and the electric current that constant-current source circuit 6 exports is
830mA or 250mA out.When feedback resistance Rp is the 50k Ohmic resistance that built-in CAT5140 may be programmed potentiometer, constant-current source electricity
Road 6 is the circuit of the different resistances selection with up to 256 gears, and the current range that constant-current source circuit 6 exports at this time is
200mA-2A.To simplify the description, the present embodiment selects the former to schematically illustrate.No matter which kind of method is used, all reached
Controllable euqalizing current facilitates the purpose for improving balance efficiency.It is all to reach the method for identical purpose in this hair using similar means
Within bright scope of the claims.
Preferably, balance electric source selects 2 4.2V, capacity 2500mAh battery core series connection access constant-current source circuit 6.Permanent source electricity
Road is the circuit of LM317 composition.Feedback resistance Rp is the 50k Ohmic resistance that built-in CAT5140 may be programmed potentiometer.
In the present embodiment, balance battery core switching switching group 5 is the switching group of multiple double-point double-throw switch relays composition,
One end of each double-point double-throw switch relay is coupled in parallel to every string battery core both ends, each double-point double-throw switch relay
The other end is all coupled in parallel in constant-current source circuit 6.
In the present embodiment, charge switch group 4 includes switch main body and voltage reduction module；The voltage reduction module be in order to it is appropriate when
Time balances used in power source charges.Switch main body is two metal-oxide-semiconductors, and voltage reduction module is DC-DC voltage reduction module；One of MOS
One end of pipe and the anode of balance electric source connect, and the other end of another metal-oxide-semiconductor and the cathode of balance electric source connect；DC-DC drop
Die block is connected in parallel with balance electric source, and charging voltage is down to 9V or so.
The connection relationship of lower BMS acquisition control module 2 and other devices is described in detail below.
BMS is power-supply management system module, and Battery+/- termination battery pack 3 of BMS acquisition control module 2 is positive and negative
Pole, battery pack 3 can be the more battery packs simultaneously of more strings, as long as connecing the voltage most significant end (+) and voltage least significant end (-) of battery pack 3
?；The Pack+ of BMS acquisition control module 2/- end connects charger positive and negative terminal in charging, connects load positive and negative terminal in electric discharge.
Processor (MCU) in BMS acquisition control module 2 is responsible for respectively going here and there battery core voltage, and control in monitoring battery pack 3
Position above 3 (MCU shown in Fig. 3 controls -1, MCU control -2, MCU control -3).
MCU controls -1 end: the control terminal is used to export the metal-oxide-semiconductor switch in low and high level control charge switch group 4, MOS
Pipe game clock shows the balance electric source charging allowed in constant-current source circuit 6, otherwise forbids balancing power source charges.Specifically it is connected as one
The end another termination Battery+ of a metal-oxide-semiconductor, the end another termination Battery- of another metal-oxide-semiconductor, the control terminal of two metal-oxide-semiconductors
It meets MCU in BMS acquisition control module 2 and controls -1 end.
MCU controls -2 ends: the control terminal is divided into N number of sub- end, and every height end control balance battery core switches one in switching group 5
Which string battery core charging a relay, the relay select to give for controlling balance electric source, such as closing relay 3, at this time its
His relay is all in off state, and balanced objects are the 3rd string battery core in battery pack 3 at this time.
MCU controls -3 ends: the control terminal is connect with feedback resistance Rp, and the resistance value for changing feedback resistance Rp can change perseverance
The current value that current source circuit 6 exports, so as to control the equilibrium for balancing object battery core (the 3rd string battery core stated on such as)
Electric current, when the information obtained in conjunction with BMS acquisition control module 2 (voltage, the capacity of such as each string battery core) is calculated one
Interior (such as in 1 minute) should be loaded into great euqalizing current on balanced objects, and provide output control according to the calculated value
The signal of feedback resistance Rp processed.
After the completion of each section circuit connection mentioned above, equalization operation is executed by step as shown in Figure 4.
When system is run, BMS acquisition control module 2 judges system status.
If system is in charged state, opens charge switch group 4 and charge to balance electric source, when charging reaches full charge pressure
8.4V turns off charge switch group 4.Meanwhile BMS acquisition control module 2 detects the voltage of every string battery core, it is steady in charging current
After determining 500s without fluctuation, minimax difference in voltage is found out.If minimax difference in voltage is less than 5mV, (value can be according to difference
Battery core carries out appropriate adjustment and similarly hereinafter repeats no more), it skips subsequent operation and directly returns to execution other operations unrelated with balance
Step；If minimax difference in voltage be more than or equal to 5mV, according to maximum voltage pair battery core string parameter and minimum voltage institute
Pair battery core string parameter minimax capacity difference is calculated by BMS acquisition control module 2, be 75mAh, due to be in charged state
Biggish euqalizing current may be selected, at this time select euqalizing current 830mA be incorporated to minimum voltage pair battery core string both ends, make the electricity
Core string charging current is the sum of battery pack charging current and 830mA, so that the voltage of the battery core string be accelerated to rise.Duration presses
50% difference calculation of capacity, i.e. 50%*75mAh/830mA=about 162s, time for balance to the corresponding relay switch of disconnection, etc.
To 200s, the difference of the every string battery core voltage maximin of monitoring calculation, repeats aforesaid operations again.
Its equilibration time after euqalizing current is selected to be calculated in aforesaid operations according to BMS capacity statistics in BMS acquisition control module 2
Method is calculated, and the accuracy of calculating is also related to the quality of portfolio effect, which can be determined by actual measurement debugging.But in order to as far as possible
Avoid influence of the capacity statistic algorithm to balancing run at this, capacity difference (such as 20% or 30%) meter of optional smaller scale
Equilibration time is calculated, the more equalization operation of less amount is carried out with this.
If system is in discharge condition, disconnects charge switch group 4 and forbid balance electric source charging operations, meanwhile, when electric discharge electricity
When stream maintains 500s constant or changes less than 30mA, minimax string voltage difference is calculated, if this difference is less than 5mV, is skipped subsequent
Operation directly returns and executes other operating procedures unrelated with balance, if difference is more than or equal to 5mV, according to maximum voltage, institute is right
Battery core string parameter and minimum voltage pair battery core string parameter by BMS acquisition control module 2 calculating provide every string battery core most
Big minimum capacity is poor, is 20mAh, since discharge current is 510mA, selects euqalizing current to be incorporated to minimum voltage for 250mA at this time
Pair battery core string both ends, make the discharge current battery power discharge electric current of the battery core string and the difference of 250mA, to inhibit the electricity
The decline of core string voltage.Duration presses 50% difference calculation of capacity, i.e. 50%*20mAh/250mA=about 72s, time for balance
To corresponding relay switch is disconnected, 200s is waited, again the difference of the every string battery core voltage maximin of monitoring calculation, in repetition
State operation.
If system is in static condition, disconnects charge switch group 4 and forbid balance electric source charging operations, meanwhile, wait each string
(guarantee subsequent operation to BMS acquisition control mould after the completion of battery core voltage stabilization and waiting 2 acquisition parameter of BMS acquisition control module
Other working cells in block 2, the influence of especially capacity statistic unit are reduced to minimum.If standing the electricity of lower battery pack 3 herein
Pressure parameter needs to continue to be used by other modules, may be selected directly to return without following operation at this time), it executes and checks each string electricity
The difference of core voltage maximin.If this difference is less than 5mV, skips subsequent operation and directly returns to other unrelated with balance of execution
Operating procedure, if difference be more than or equal to 5mV, according to maximum voltage pair battery core string parameter and minimum voltage pair battery core
String parameter is calculated the minimax capacity difference for providing every string battery core by BMS acquisition control module 2, is 18mAh, due to battery at this time
Group no current, therefore select smaller euqalizing current for 250mA be incorporated to minimum voltage pair battery core string both ends, keep the battery core string only
It stands on other battery core strings and carries out 250mA charging operations, so that the battery core string voltage be made to increase.Duration presses 50% difference capacity
It calculates, i.e. 50%*18mAh/250mA=about 64s, time for balance waits 1800s, again to corresponding relay switch is disconnected
The difference of the every string battery core voltage maximin of monitoring calculation repeats aforesaid operations.
In order to increase the stability of equalization operation, equalization operation is forbidden in machine BMS selection in due course, such as balance electric source voltage
When abnormal, when repeatedly balanced invalid or when system generates certain protection etc..
The present embodiment and other equalization schemes are compared, the 1st string battery core electric discharge in 16 string battery cores is artificially allowed to electricity
It forces down in other strings battery core voltage 100mV, is separately operable the present invention program later and another equalization scheme completes 10 charge and discharges
Electricity circulation.When being operated in the present embodiment method, battery core difference in voltage of respectively going here and there after 10 charge and discharge cycles is less than 10mV.It is another
When kind scheme operation, battery core difference in voltage of respectively going here and there after 10 charge and discharge cycles still has nearly 40mV.It can be seen that the present invention program effect compared with
It is good.
It is and balanced since the present invention program is can to carry out equalization operation in total state (charge and discharge or static condition) range
It is smaller to open threshold value, so equalization operation number is more in system operation but time for balance is shorter, and equalization operation institute
The electricity needed comes solely from balance electric source, and the electricity of balance electric source comes solely from charger, thus will not be to battery pack
Electricity generates loss, so guarantee will not extra penalties battery pack service life, and battery pack remains higher equilibrium
State, so the present invention contains that battery electric quantity is unbalance on source, to substantially increase the utilization rate of battery electric quantity.Separately
Outside, the present invention program selects small threshold value to open balance, equalization operation is carried out in multiple times on a small quantity, so that battery pack imbalance state is always
It is maintained at compared in small routine, is grasped so the electricity of balance electric source completes equilibrium to battery pack enough in a charge and discharge cycles
Make, is not in the not enough situation of balance electric source electricity.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.
Used herein a specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, and above embodiments are said
It is bright to be merely used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, foundation
Thought of the invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range.In conclusion the content of the present specification is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of battery pack active equalization circuit device characterized by comprising BMS acquisition control module, constant-current source circuit,
Battery pack, charge switch group and balance battery core switch switching group；
The first charging that the importation of the constant-current source circuit passes through the charge switch group and the BMS acquisition control module
End connection；The output par, c of the constant-current source circuit switches switching group by the balance battery core and connect with the battery pack；
The collection terminal of the BMS acquisition control module, the second charging end are connect with the positive and negative terminal of the battery pack；The BMS
First control terminal of acquisition control module is connect with the charge switch group；Second control terminal of the BMS acquisition control module
It is connect with balance battery core switching switching group.
2. battery pack active equalization circuit device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the constant-current source circuit includes
Balance electric source, permanent source circuit and feedback resistance；The perseverance source circuit is connected in parallel with the feedback resistance；The balance electric source
Positive terminal connect with the input terminal of the permanent source circuit；The output end and the first of the charge switch group of the perseverance source circuit
Input terminal connection；The negative pole end of the balance electric source is connect with the second input terminal of the charge switch group.
3. battery pack active equalization circuit device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the feedback resistance is resistance value
Adjustable resistance；The feedback resistance is that the resistance that resistance value is adjusted with switching different stalls or built-in program-controlled chip are adjusted
The resistance of resistance value.
4. battery pack active equalization circuit device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the BMS acquisition control mould
The third control terminal of block is connect with the feedback resistance.
5. battery pack active equalization circuit device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the balance electric source is by one
Greater than the chargeable single-unit battery core or more piece battery core composition of single-unit battery core full charge pressure 2V or more in the battery pack.
6. battery pack active equalization circuit device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the charge switch group includes
Switch main body and voltage reduction module；The switch main body is two relays or two metal-oxide-semiconductor compositions；The balance electric source it is positive and negative
Extremely it is connect by the switch main body with the first charging end of the BMS acquisition control module；The voltage reduction module is connected in parallel on
On the balance electric source.
7. battery pack active equalization circuit device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the battery pack more by going here and there more
And single-unit battery core composition.
8. battery pack active equalization circuit device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the balance battery core switching is opened
Pass group is made of multiple relays or multiple metal-oxide-semiconductors；Each relay or the metal-oxide-semiconductor are and in the battery pack
One single-unit battery core connection.
9. a kind of control method of battery pack active equalization circuit device characterized by comprising
System status is determined using BMS acquisition control module；The state includes charged state, discharge condition and standing
State；
If system is in charged state, and is to allow in the state equalization operation setting, then the corresponding battery core of balanced minimum voltage
Voltage；It specifically includes:
Charge switch group is opened, is charged to balance electric source, and disconnect the charge switch group when balance electric source is full of；
It waits in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core, it is each described using BMS acquisition control module detection
The voltage of single-unit battery core, and calculate the difference of maximum voltage and minimum voltage；
Judge whether the difference is less than given threshold；
If so, jumping out equalization operation program；
If not, it is determined that the euqalizing current and time for balance of constant-current source circuit output open the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage
Switch in corresponding balance battery core switching switching group, is incorporated to the electricity of single-unit corresponding to minimum voltage for the euqalizing current
In-core；After time for balance arrival, balance battery core switching switch corresponding to the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage is disconnected
Switch in group returns to waiting for examining after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core using the BMS acquisition control module in battery pack
The step of surveying each single-unit battery core voltage；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until the difference stops less than given threshold；
If system is in discharge condition, and is to allow in the state equalization operation setting, then the charge switch group is disconnected, it is balanced
The corresponding battery core voltage of minimum voltage；It specifically includes:
After the discharge current of the battery pack is stablized, each single-unit battery core is detected using the BMS acquisition control module
Voltage, and calculate the difference of maximum voltage and minimum voltage；
Judge whether the difference is less than given threshold；
If so, jumping out equalization operation program；
If not, it is determined that the euqalizing current and time for balance of constant-current source circuit output open the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage
Switch in corresponding balance battery core switching switching group, is incorporated to the electricity of single-unit corresponding to minimum voltage for the euqalizing current
In-core；After time for balance arrival, balance battery core switching switch corresponding to the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage is disconnected
Switch in group returns to waiting for examining after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core using the BMS acquisition control module in battery pack
The step of surveying each single-unit battery core voltage；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until the difference stops less than given threshold；
If system is in static condition, and is to allow in the state equalization operation setting, then the charge switch group is disconnected, it is balanced
The corresponding battery core voltage of minimum voltage；It specifically includes:
It waits in battery pack after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core, it is each described using BMS acquisition control module detection
The voltage of single-unit battery core, and calculate the difference of maximum voltage and minimum voltage；
Judge whether the difference is less than given threshold；
If so, jumping out equalization operation program；
If not, it is determined that the euqalizing current and time for balance of constant-current source circuit output open the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage
Switch in corresponding balance battery core switching switching group, is incorporated to the electricity of single-unit corresponding to minimum voltage for the euqalizing current
In-core；After time for balance arrival, balance battery core switching switch corresponding to the corresponding single-unit battery core of minimum voltage is disconnected
Switch in group returns to waiting for examining after the voltage stabilization of each single-unit battery core using the BMS acquisition control module in battery pack
The step of surveying each single-unit battery core voltage；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until the difference stops less than given threshold.
10. the control method of battery pack active equalization circuit device according to claim 9, which is characterized in that work as system
The charging current of minimum voltage battery core is the sum of battery pack charging current and euqalizing current when in charged state；When system is in
The discharge current of minimum voltage battery core is the difference of battery power discharge electric current and euqalizing current when discharge condition；It is stood when system is in
The charging current of minimum voltage battery core is euqalizing current when state.
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