CN109802399A - Consider phase modifier coordinative role and the UHVDC converter station dynamic reactive power optimization method that system filter requires - Google Patents
Consider phase modifier coordinative role and the UHVDC converter station dynamic reactive power optimization method that system filter requires Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the UHVDC converter station dynamic reactive power optimization method for considering that phase modifier coordinative role and system filter require, key steps are as follows: 1) establish UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M.2) the hybrid solving algorithm for utilizing Dynamic reactive power optimization, calculates UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M, to optimize to UHVDC converter station.The present invention is according to direct current transmission power planning and system dynamic reactive-load stand-by requirement, converter station stable state reactive voltage is participated in phase modifier residual capacity to adjust, combine phase modifier upper and lower adjusting nargin with higher, to realize the cooperation of phase modifier and direct current system, the performance of phase modifier is given full play to.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to converter stations to optimize field, and specifically consideration phase modifier coordinative role and system filter require extra-high
Press DC converter station dynamic reactive power optimization method.
Background technique
DC converter station, with a large amount of reactive power consumption, is handed over by installing under normal conditions while conveying active power
Stream filter and shunt capacitor meet the needs of Equilibrium, and direct current system relies on the alternating voltage commutation of change of current bus, subtracts
Few change of current busbar voltage is widely varied to be of great significance for preventing direct current system from commutation failure occurs.With extra-high straightening
The a large amount of grid-connected of transmission system is flowed, power grid " tetanic weak friendship " problem highlights, State Grid Corporation of China's planning construction 47 large-scale phase modulation
Machine solves a large amount of grid-connected bring Voltage-stabilizing Problems of DC engineering with emphasis, however the phase modifier currently to have put into operation is predominantly
System provides the dynamic reactive support after failure, and stable state inactive power compensation is withdrawn to secondly, simultaneously, phase modifier and DC transmission system
With respective control mode and control target, two systems are mutually indepedent, not yet realize effective cooperation.Another party
Face, under Power Market, the frequent variation of direct current transmission power can also aggravate converter station static passive compensation device, the change of current
The action frequency of the discrete control equipment such as transformer.
Dynamic reactive power optimization method is realizing generator (phase modifier) reactive power, on-load transformer tap changer gear
Cooperation is switched with capacitive reactance device group, is played a significant role in terms of reducing discrete device action frequency.However existing research is concentrated
In terms of alternating current-direct current combined hybrid system idle work optimization, it is with defeated, power distribution network comprising power plant, AC Substation and DC converter station
Object, optimization, which calculates, needs the source lotus power information of the whole network node, thus realize the whole network generator (phase modifier) reactive power,
The cooperation of on-load transformer tap changer and capacitive reactance device group switch, is but not particularly suited for single converter station and phase modifier
Local optimum demand；Meanwhile the studies above does not account for the filtering requirements of converter station, optimum results may not meet ac filter
The switching requirement of device.Therefore, it is necessary to study a kind of new UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization models, consider phase modulation
The filtering requirements of the cooperation and system of machine and DC transmission system.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address problems of the prior art.
To realize the present invention purpose and the technical solution adopted is that such, consider phase modifier coordinative role and system filter
It is required that UHVDC converter station dynamic reactive power optimization method, mainly comprise the steps that
1) UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M is established.
The key step for establishing UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model is as follows:
1.1) optimization object function min f is set, it may be assumed that
In formula,Respectively indicate period t direct current system converter power transformer tap gear number, investment
Alternating current filter group number and investment high-voltage parallel capacitor group number. Respectively indicate the period t idle power output of phase modifier
With the ideal value of the idle power output of phase modifier.Respectively indicate period t change of current bus voltage amplitude and change of current bus electricity
Pressure amplitude value controls target.a1For the weight coefficient of direct current system converter power transformer tap gear action frequency target.a2For exchange
The weight coefficient of filter group switch motion number target.a3For the weight of high-voltage parallel capacitor group switch motion number target
Coefficient.a4For the weight coefficient of phase modifier idle power output and its ideal value bias target.a5It is managed for change of current bus voltage amplitude with it
Think the weight coefficient of controlling value bias target.N=96.
Wherein, the idle power output ideal value of period t phase modifierIt is as follows:
In formula,WithRespectively indicating period t phase modifier allows the idle power output upper and lower bound of stable state.
1.2) constraint condition is set, mainly includes the constraint of ac and dc systems power flow equation, the constraint of inverter characteristic equation, change
Stream station requires constraint and phase modulation motor-driven with AC system couple state variable bound, converter station control variables constraint, system filter
The constraint of state reactive reserve.
1.2.1) constraint of ac and dc systems power flow equation is as shown in formula 3 and formula 4.
Active power constraint is as follows:
In formula,Respectively indicate the generator being connected with node i and/or phase modifier, load, inverter
In the active power of period t.When inverter is rectifier, sPi=1.When inverter is inverter, sPi=-1.Work as node i
When for pure exchange node, sPi=0.SSLACKIndicate the set of balance nodes.Pi tIt is node i in the active injection power side of period t
Journey.
Reactive power constraint is as follows:
In formula,Respectively indicate the generator being connected with node i and/or phase modifier, static state
Reactive power compensator, load, inverter period t reactive power.The s when node i is connected with converter stationQi=1, otherwise sQi
=0.SPQIndicate the set of PQ node.For node i period t idle injecting power equation.
1.2.2) constraint of inverter characteristic equation is as shown in formula 5 to formula 7.
In formula,Respectively indicate the pole of period t DC voltage, DC current over the ground. Respectively indicate period t
Converter power transformer no-load voltage ratio, inverter Trigger Angle, wherein converting plant is Trigger Angle, and Inverter Station is off angle.XcIndicate commutation electricity
It is anti-.kbIndicate each 6 pulse conversion devices number of pole.kdTNIndicate nominal transformation ratio of the converter transformer valve-side relative to net side.
In formula,Indicate the converter station apparent energy total in period t.kpIndicate that converter station runs number of poles.η indicates meter and changes
The coefficient that the phenomenon that overlaps introduces.T is the period.
In formula,WithConverter station is respectively indicated in the active transimission power of period t and reactive power.
1.2.3) converter station and AC system couple state variable bound are as shown in formula 8 to formula 9.
The constraint of change of current bus voltage amplitude is as follows:
In formula, UH,maxAnd UH,minRespectively indicate change of current bus voltage amplitude upper and lower bound.
System Reactive Power exchange constraint is as follows:
In formula, Qexc,maxAnd Qexc,minRespectively indicate System Reactive Power exchange upper and lower bound.
Wherein, period t System Reactive Power exchangesIt is as follows:
In formula,Indicate period t converter station alternating current filter/shunt capacitor reactive compensation capacity.Subscript f, c difference
Alternating current filter and shunt capacitor are indicated, with () unified representation.UN(·)、QN(·)Respectively indicate alternating current filter or electricity in parallel
Container voltage rating and single group rated capacity.
Period t converter station alternating current filter/shunt capacitor reactive compensation capacityIt is as follows:
In formula, subscript f, c respectively indicates alternating current filter and shunt capacitor, with () unified representation；UN(·)And QN(·)
Respectively indicate converter station alternating voltage alternating current filter and shunt capacitor voltage rating and single group rated capacity.
1.2.4) converter station control variables constraint is as shown in formula 12 to 17.The discrete control variable of converter station includes that the change of current becomes
Depressor tap gear, alternating current filter group switch and shunt capacitor group switch.Converter station continuous control variable includes phase modulation
Machine is idle and converter Control angle.
In formula,WithRespectively indicate the maximum stagnant phase of phase modifier and under-excitation ability.
Above formula indicates the inequality constraints of converter Control angle cosine value, this is because sending, the receiving end change of current when operating normally
Pilot angle of standing is stablized in certain range of operation, and for receiving end converter station, commutation failure, is configured with minimum turn-off in order to prevent
Angle control etc. strategies, therefore be collectively expressed as aboutInequality constraints.
In formula, TapdT,maxAnd TapdT,minRespectively indicate the upper and lower bound of converter power transformer tap gear number.
In formula, NF, maxTo put into the alternating current filter group number upper limit.
Converter power transformer no-load voltage ratioIt is as follows:
In formula, Δ U indicates converter power transformer tap gear step-length voltage regulating.
1.2.5) system filter requires constraint as shown in formula 18 and formula 19.
In formula,Indicate the minimum filters group number of period t investment.Show that period t is thrown because of system filter requirement
The minimum filters group number entered, namely about direct current transmission powerFunction.
The group number that converter station participates in reactive compensation shunt capacitor is as follows:
In formula, Nc,maxTo put into the high-voltage parallel capacitor group number upper limit.
1.2.6) constraint of phase modifier dynamic reactive deposit is as follows:
Wherein, the idle power output upper limit of phase modifier stable stateAnd lower limitIt is as follows respectively:
In formula, systemACtFor period t AC system operating status, above formula indicates that phase modifier allows the idle power output of stable state
The factors such as range and direct current transmission power, AC system operating status are closely related.
1.3) based on the constraint of ac and dc systems power flow equation, the constraint of inverter characteristic equation, converter station and AC system coupling
Conjunction state variable bound, converter station control variables constraint, system filter require constraint/phase modifier dynamic reactive deposit constraint and mesh
Scalar functions minf establishes UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M.
2) the hybrid solving algorithm for utilizing Dynamic reactive power optimization, calculates UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model
M, to be optimized to UHVDC converter station.
The key step for calculating UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M is as follows:
2.1) formula 22 is utilized, to the absolute value in UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M objective function 1
Target carry out equivalence transformation, be converted to the nonlinear mixed-integer programming model M containing equilibrium equation '
In formula, XtUnified representation period t converter power transformer tap gearAlternating current filter group numberOr it is in parallel
Capacitor group number The auxiliary that unified representation converter power transformer/alternating current filter/shunt capacitor introduces becomes
Amount.
2.2) formula 23 is utilized, the constraint condition 19 in UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M is carried out
Equivalence transformation, be converted to the nonlinear mixed-integer programming model M containing equilibrium equation '.
In formula, λ and μ respectively indicate form factor and translational movement.
2.3) calculate nonlinear mixed-integer programming model M ', to be optimized to UHVDC converter station, mainly
Steps are as follows:
2.2.1) the discrete control variable and equilibrium condition in relaxation model M', and by iteration find out it is non-linear mixing it is whole
The relaxation solution of number plan model M'.
2.2.2 it) maintains converter station continuous control variable constant, is meeting converter station control variables constraint and system filter about
In the case where beam, in discrete control variable relaxation solution neighborhood, the optimal solution of discrete control variable is found out using dynamic programming.
2.2.3 it) maintains discrete control variable constant, each period continuous control variable is found out most with nonlinear interior-point method
Excellent solution, using calculated result as the optimal solution of UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M if meeting the condition of convergence.
Otherwise it maintains continuous control variable constant, the relaxation solution of discrete control variable, and return step is found out with nonlinear interior-point method
2.2.2。
The solution have the advantages that unquestionable.The present invention according to direct current transmission power planning and converter station absolutely most
Small filtering table carries out modeling constraint to the switching of converter station static passive compensation device, optimum results is made to meet engineering demand.Needle
The problem of not accounting for phase modifier coordinative role in insufficient and existing research, the present invention are played to phase modifier efficiency in engineering
According to direct current transmission power planning and system dynamic reactive-load stand-by requirement, it is idle that converter station stable state is participated in phase modifier residual capacity
Voltage is adjusted, and phase modifier upper and lower adjusting nargin with higher is combined, to realize the coordination of phase modifier and direct current system
Cooperation, gives full play to the performance of phase modifier.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is overall flow figure；
Fig. 2 is UHVDC converter station Equivalent Model；
Fig. 3 is f (Nf) image；
Fig. 4 is change of current busbar voltage aberration curve；
Fig. 5 is that System Reactive Power exchanges aberration curve；
Fig. 6 is phase modifier reactive capability curve.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention only
It is limited to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and used
With means, various replacements and change are made, should all include within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, phase modifier coordinative role and the UHVDC converter station dynamic nothing that system filter requires are considered
Function optimization method, mainly comprises the steps that
1) UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M is established.
The key step for establishing UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model is as follows:
1.1) optimization object function minf is set, with direct current system converter power transformer tap gear, static reactive power compensation
Facility switching action frequency is target less, combines that change of current busbar voltage fluctuation is small and phase modifier is with higher idle
Regulating power.Optimization object function min f is as follows:
In formula,Respectively indicate period t direct current system converter power transformer tap gear number, investment
Alternating current filter group number and investment high-voltage parallel capacitor group number. Respectively indicate the period t idle power output of phase modifier
With the ideal value of the idle power output of phase modifier.Respectively indicate period t change of current bus voltage amplitude and change of current bus electricity
Pressure amplitude value controls target.a1For the weight coefficient of direct current system converter power transformer tap gear action frequency target.a2For exchange
The weight coefficient of filter group switch motion number target.a3For the weight of high-voltage parallel capacitor group switch motion number target
Coefficient.a4For the weight coefficient of phase modifier idle power output and its ideal value bias target.a5It is managed for change of current bus voltage amplitude with it
Think the weight coefficient of controlling value bias target.N=96 is optimized according to 15min power transmission plan, when number of segment be 96.
Wherein, in order to make in the excessively high and too low situation of change of current busbar voltage, phase modifier has higher regulating power, takes
Its ideal idle power generating value is the median that period t phase modifier allows the idle power output bound of stable state, thus period t phase modifier without
Function power output ideal valueIt is as follows:
In formula,WithRespectively indicating period t phase modifier allows the idle power output upper and lower bound of stable state.
1.2) constraint condition is set, mainly includes the constraint of ac and dc systems power flow equation, the constraint of inverter characteristic equation, change
Stream station requires constraint and phase modulation motor-driven with AC system couple state variable bound, converter station control variables constraint, system filter
The constraint of state reactive reserve.Constraint condition had both included the operation constraint in conventional ac and dc systems idle work optimization, also included phase modifier
The Special Constraint Conditions such as dynamic reactive deposit and system filter requirement.
1.2.1) constraint of ac and dc systems power flow equation is as shown in formula 3 and formula 4.
Active power constraint is as follows:
In formula,Respectively indicate the generator being connected with node i and/or phase modifier, load, inverter
In the active power of period t；When inverter is rectifier, sPi=1；When inverter is inverter, sPi=-1；Work as node i
When for pure exchange node, sPi=0；SSLACKIndicate the set of balance nodes；Pi tIt is node i in the active injection power side of period t
Journey；
Reactive power constraint is as follows:
In formula,Respectively indicate the generator being connected with node i and/or phase modifier, static state
Reactive power compensator, load, inverter period t reactive power；The s when node i is connected with converter stationQi=1, otherwise sQi
=0；SPQIndicate the set of PQ node；For node i period t idle injecting power equation.
1.2.2) constraint of inverter characteristic equation is as shown in formula 5 to formula 7.
In formula,Respectively indicate the pole of period t DC voltage, DC current over the ground. Respectively indicate the period
The converter power transformer no-load voltage ratio of t, inverter Trigger Angle, wherein converting plant is Trigger Angle, and Inverter Station is off angle.XcIndicate commutation
Reactance.kbIndicate each 6 pulse conversion devices number of pole.kdTNIndicate nominal transformation ratio of the converter transformer valve-side relative to net side.6 arteries and veins
Dynamic inverter is made of 6 converter valves.T is the period；
In formula,Indicate the converter station apparent energy total in period t.kpIndicate that converter station runs number of poles.η indicates meter and changes
The coefficient that the phenomenon that overlaps introduces.Take η=0.995.
In formula,WithConverter station is respectively indicated in the active transimission power of period t and reactive power.
1.2.3) converter station and AC system couple state variable bound are as shown in formula 8 to formula 9.
The constraint of change of current bus voltage amplitude is as follows:
In formula, UH,maxAnd UH,minRespectively indicate change of current bus voltage amplitude upper and lower bound.
System Reactive Power exchange constraint is as follows:
In formula, Qexc,maxAnd Qexc,minRespectively indicate System Reactive Power exchange upper and lower bound.
Wherein, period t System Reactive Power exchangesIt is as follows:
In formula,Indicate period t converter station alternating current filter/shunt capacitor reactive compensation capacity.Subscript f, c difference
Alternating current filter and shunt capacitor are indicated, with () unified representation.UN(·)、QN(·)Respectively indicate alternating current filter or electricity in parallel
Container voltage rating and single group rated capacity.
Period t converter station alternating current filter/shunt capacitor reactive compensation capacityIt is as follows:
In formula, subscript f, c respectively indicates alternating current filter and shunt capacitor, with () unified representation；UN(·)And QN(·)
Respectively indicate converter station alternating voltage alternating current filter and shunt capacitor voltage rating and single group rated capacity.
1.2.4) converter station control variables constraint is as shown in formula 12 to 17.The discrete control variable of converter station includes that the change of current becomes
Depressor tap gear, alternating current filter group switch and shunt capacitor group switch.Converter station continuous control variable includes phase modulation
Machine is idle and converter Control angle.
In formula,WithRespectively indicate the maximum stagnant phase of phase modifier and under-excitation ability.
The constraint of converter Control angle cosine valueIt is as follows:
The inequality constraints of above formula expression converter Control angle cosine value.It when normal operation, send, receiving end converter station pilot angle
Stablize in a certain range, for receiving end converter station, commutation failure in order to prevent, while having the control strategies such as minimum turn-off angle,
Here be uniformly denoted as aboutInequality constraints.
In formula, TapdT,maxAnd TapdT,minRespectively indicate the upper and lower bound of converter power transformer tap gear number.
In formula, NF, maxTo put into the alternating current filter group number upper limit.
Converter power transformer no-load voltage ratioIt is as follows:
In formula, Δ U indicates converter power transformer tap gear step-length voltage regulating.
1.2.5) system filter requires constraint as shown in formula 18 and formula 19.
In practical projects, the switching of alternating current filter group removes the needs for meeting own reactive balance, to be also
The limitation for filtering requirements of uniting, system filter require it is related to many factors such as the direct current system method of operation, direct current transmission power, often
A DC converter station has minimum filters and absolute minimum filters allocation list.Due to alternating current filter lists different in converter station
Pool-size is identical, and direct current system can require absolutely minimum filtering group number simple usually with the operation of bipolar symmetric mode
It is expressed as the function about direct current transmission power.
In formula,Indicate the minimum filters group number of period t investment.Show period t because of system filter requirement
The minimum filters group number of investment, namely about direct current transmission powerFunction.
In addition, shunt capacitor group usually can just come into operation after alternating current filter all puts into operation, converter station participates in nothing
The group number that function compensates shunt capacitor is as follows:
In formula, Nc,maxTo put into the high-voltage parallel capacitor group number upper limit.
1.2.6) the dynamic reactive deposit of phase modifier with give, many factors such as receiving end AC system, direct current transmission power have
It closes, power output that the stable state of phase modifier is idle will meet system dynamic reactive-load deposit demand.The constraint of phase modifier dynamic reactive deposit is as follows
It is shown:
Wherein, the idle power output upper limit of phase modifier stable stateAnd lower limitIt is as follows respectively:
In formula, systemACtFor period t AC system operating status, above formula indicates that phase modifier allows the idle power output of stable state
The factors such as range and direct current transmission power, AC system operating status are closely related.For about direct current
Transimission powerWith the function of period t AC system operating status.For about direct current transmission power
With the function of period t AC system operating status.
1.3) based on the constraint of ac and dc systems power flow equation, the constraint of inverter characteristic equation, converter station and AC system coupling
Conjunction state variable bound, converter station control variables constraint, system filter require constraint/phase modifier dynamic reactive deposit constraint and mesh
Scalar functions min f establishes UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M.
2) the hybrid solving algorithm for utilizing Dynamic reactive power optimization, calculates UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model
M, to be optimized to UHVDC converter station.
Model M is the nonlinear mixed-integer programming containing the special functions type such as piecewise function, ABS function
Problem.It, can be by enumerating discrete control variable relaxation solution in view of this limited feature of the discrete control variables number of converter station
All possible assembled state in neighborhood, and optimal solution is found out using dynamic programming method.Relative to integrated intelligent algorithm, dynamic
Law of planning has the characteristics that solution efficiency is high, calculated result is stable.
The key step for calculating UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M is as follows:
2.1) formula 22 is utilized, to the absolute value in UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M objective function 1
Target carry out equivalence transformation, be converted to the nonlinear mixed-integer programming model M containing equilibrium equation '
In formula, XtUnified representation period t converter power transformer tap gearAlternating current filter group numberOr it is in parallel
Capacitor group number The auxiliary that unified representation converter power transformer/alternating current filter/shunt capacitor introduces becomes
Amount.
2.2) formula 22 is utilized, the constraint condition 19 in UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M is carried out
Equivalence transformation, be converted to the nonlinear mixed-integer programming model M containing equilibrium equation '.
In formula, λ and μ respectively indicate form factor and translational movement.
2.3) calculate nonlinear mixed-integer programming model M ', to be optimized to UHVDC converter station, mainly
Steps are as follows:
2.3.1) the discrete control variable and equilibrium condition in relaxation model M', and by iteration find out it is non-linear mixing it is whole
The relaxation solution of number plan model M'.
2.3.2) maintain converter station continuous control variable constant, i.e., maintenance idle, converter Control angle of phase modifier etc. is continuous
It is constant to control variable, in the case where meeting converter station control variables constraint and system filter variable bound, that is, meets formula 14
To 19,1 nearest integer solution is respectively taken up and down in the neighborhood of the discrete control variable relaxation solution of converter station, and use Dynamic Programming
Method finds out optimal solution.
2.3.3 it) maintains discrete control variable constant, each period continuous control variable is found out most with nonlinear interior-point method
Excellent solution, using calculated result as the optimal solution of UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M if meeting the condition of convergence.
Otherwise it maintains continuous control variable constant, the relaxation solution of discrete control variable, and return step is found out with nonlinear interior-point method
2.3.2。
Embodiment 2:
A kind of UHVDC converter station dynamic reactive that verifying considers that phase modifier coordinative role and system filter require is excellent
The experiment of change method, mainly comprises the steps that
1) extra-high voltage direct-current sending end converter station is chosen, for certain domestic extra-high voltage direct-current sending end converter station, with its typical day
Dynamic reactive power optimization is carried out based on direct current transmission power planning curve.Extra-high voltage direct-current sending end converter station Equivalent Model such as Fig. 2
It is shown, equivalent modeling is carried out to converter station AC network based on PSASP state adjusting data packet, and choose the typical day direct current of converter station and pass
Defeated power planning curve and its equivalent power supply prediction curve.In Fig. 2, Zeq is equivalent impedance, and Beq is Equivalent admittance.
2) extra-high voltage direct-current for considering that phase modifier coordinative role and system filter are required as shown in formula (1)~(21) is constructed
Converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model, and solved using mentioned-above hybrid algorithm.
3) multiple target weight coefficient selects
Reasonable selection weight coefficient plays a key effect to effective optimum results are obtained, and passes through qualitative analysis formula here
(1) the result feature of each sub-goal and its requirement in actual operation, provide weight coefficient a in1~a5Selection scheme.
Converter power transformer tap gear, alternating current filter/shunt capacitor switch motion number numerical result are a system
Column discrete integer considers influence of the number of equipment action to performances such as its service life, takes a1=1, a2=a3=10, and as base
Plinth analyzes a4And a5Value.
Phase modifier rated capacity is approximately equal to single group static passive compensation device, consider system dynamic reactive-load stand-by requirement and
Phase modifier steady-state adjustment ability, 2 phase modifier most multipotencys substitute one group of alternating current filter compensating reactive power, and mark makes lower whole day 96
The order of magnitude of power output that period phase modifier is idle and ideal value bias target is 0~102, take its weight coefficient a4=10-2。
Relative to preceding 4 targets, allow to reduce its significance level for fluctuating target in variation range in change of current busbar voltage
Much smaller than the former, mark makes the order of magnitude of lower 96 period change of current busbar voltages of whole day and its ideal value bias target 0~10-3, take its weight coefficient a5=102。
2) algorithm effect is analyzed
The discrete control variable optimizing phase, by respectively taking nearest one up and down in the discrete neighborhood for controlling variable relaxation solution
Integer solution calculates optimal solution, and search space is reduced while improving calculating speed, in order to verify the validity of the program,
Compare target function value when integer solution value number is respectively 1~3 and solves the time.
Calculated result is as shown in table 1:
Simulation result when 1 difference value number of table
In upper table, f1~f5Respectively indicate converter power transformer tap action frequency, the switch motion time of alternating current filter group
5 number, shunt capacitor group switch motion number, phase modifier reactive power deviation and change of current busbar voltage deviation sub- target values, f
Indicate optimization target values, i.e., the sum of each sub-goal weighted value.
Time and optimization target values are calculated when comparing different value numbers, calculating time when value number is 2 and 3 takes respectively
It is worth 3.78 times and 9.99 times when number is 1.Optimization target values are approximately equal when value number is 1 and 2, can be ignored, and take
Although optimization target values can be further reduced when value number is 3, this is largely to sacrifice phase modifier regulating power and increase the change of current
Load tap changer action frequency is what cost obtained, this expression, with the increase of search space, between different specific item scale values just
It may mutually convert, although target function value may reduce, be calculated it is possible that crossing ambassador due to a certain sub-goal
As a result unreasonable, meanwhile, this also reflects each sub-goal weight coefficient and can have an impact to optimum results.
Therefore, calculating speed, optimization target values and each specific item scale value are comprehensively considered, on the basis for reasonably selecting weight coefficient
On, it is feasible by the method for respectively taking 1 integer solution to carry out discrete control variable optimization up and down.
3) phase modifier coordinative role effect analysis
Phase modifier coordinative role is mainly reflected in the discrete control number of equipment action of converter station, change of current busbar voltage and is
The fluctuation of system reactive power exchange and phase modifier own reactive regulating power etc., in order to verify the validity of model M of the present invention,
Design following comparative test:
S1: model M of the present invention.
S2: on the basis of model M of the present invention, phase modifier dynamic reactive stand-by requirement is not considered, i.e. constraint condition is not wrapped
Containing formula (21) and (22), while setting weight coefficient a4=0.
S3: it is based on the practical control strategy of system, does not consider phase modifier stable state reactive voltage adjustment effect.
I) discrete control number of equipment action
The discrete control number of equipment action of 3 kinds of schemes is shown in Table 2.Compare S1 and S3, control plan practical compared to system
Slightly, institute's climbing form type converter power transformer tap action frequency of the present invention is reduced by 16 times to 10 times, reduces 37.5%.Exchange filter
Wave device action frequency is reduced by 18 times to 16 times, reduces 11.11%.Simulation result show reasonable arrangement phase modifier stable state without
Function power output, can effectively reduce the discrete control number of equipment action such as converter power transformer and alternating current filter.
The discrete control number of equipment action of table 2
II) change of current busbar voltage and System Reactive Power exchange
Calculate the expectation (E) and standard deviation (σ) of change of current busbar voltage and System Reactive Power exchange and respective ideal value deviation, knot
Fruit difference is as shown in Table 3 and Table 4.
3 change of current busbar voltage calculated result of table
4 System Reactive Power of table exchanges calculated result
Compare S1 and S3, institute's climbing form type change of current busbar voltage of the present invention and System Reactive Power exchange and respective ideal value deviation
It is expected that being respectively less than the practical control strategy of system with standard deviation, simulation result shows that phase modifier participates in stable state reactive voltage and adjusts energy
Change of current busbar voltage and System Reactive Power exchange fluctuation are enough effectively reduced, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
III) phase modifier dynamic reactive deposit
Phase modifier reactive capability curve and its and ideal value deviation calculated result respectively as shown in Fig. 6 and table 5, compare S1 and
S2, when not considering system dynamic reactive-load stand-by requirement and phase modifier regulating power, in order to reduce discrete control to the full extent
Number of equipment action and change of current busbar voltage fluctuation, phase modifier are contributed mostly close to its capacity limit, and system dynamic reactive-load is caused to store up
Standby insufficient, transient voltage security level reduces.
5 phase modifier reactive power of table calculates result
4) system filter requires impact analysis
In order to verify influence of the system filter requirement to optimum results, following comparative test is designed:
S1: model M of the present invention.
S4: on the basis of model M of the present invention, system filter requirement is not considered.
Each specific item scale value calculated result of two kinds of simulating schemes is as shown in table 6, f1~f5Meaning is identical as table 1.Simulation result is aobvious
Show, when not considering system filter requirement, the preferential switching shunt capacitor of S4 is to meet converter station reactive requirement.This is because this
Invention example system shunt capacitor single group capacity is greater than alternating current filter capacity, is meeting system dynamic reactive-load deposit and the change of current
Under the premise of busbar voltage allows variation range, by suitably sacrificing phase modifier steady-state adjustment ability, increasing change of current busbar voltage
Fluctuation, the bigger static passive compensation device of preferential switching single group capacity adapts to the variation of direct current transmission power, further to subtract
Few discrete control number of equipment action, but since simulation result does not meet system filter requirement, engineering practice can not be applied to.
6 scheme S1, S4 sub-goal calculated result of table
Claims (10)
1. consider phase modifier coordinative role and the UHVDC converter station dynamic reactive power optimization method that system filter requires, it is special
Sign is, mainly comprises the steps that
1) the UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M is established.
2) the hybrid solving algorithm for utilizing Dynamic reactive power optimization, calculates UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M, from
And UHVDC converter station is optimized.
2. the UHVDC converter station according to claim 1 for considering that phase modifier coordinative role and system filter require is dynamic
State idle work optimization method, which is characterized in that the key step for establishing UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model is as follows:
1) optimization object function min f is set, it may be assumed that
In formula,Respectively indicate period t direct current system converter power transformer tap gear number, investment exchange
Filter group number and investment high-voltage parallel capacitor group number； Respectively indicate the idle power output of period t phase modifier and tune
The ideal value for power output that camera is idle；Respectively indicate period t change of current bus voltage amplitude and change of current busbar voltage width
Value control target；a1For the weight coefficient of direct current system converter power transformer tap gear action frequency target；a2For ac filter
The weight coefficient of device group switch motion number target；a3For the weight system of high-voltage parallel capacitor group switch motion number target
Number；a4For the weight coefficient of the idle power output of phase modifier and the idle power output ideal value bias target of phase modifier；a5For change of current busbar voltage
The weight coefficient of amplitude and change of current bus voltage amplitude ideal controlling value bias target；
Wherein, the idle power output ideal value of period t phase modifierIt is as follows:
In formula,WithRespectively indicating period t phase modifier allows the idle power output upper and lower bound of stable state；
2) be arranged constraint condition, mainly include ac and dc systems power flow equation constraint, inverter characteristic equation constraint, converter station with
AC system couple state variable bound, converter station control variables constraint, system filter require constraint and phase modifier dynamic reactive
Deposit constraint；
3) based on the constraint of ac and dc systems power flow equation, the constraint of inverter characteristic equation, converter station and AC system couple state
Variable bound, converter station control variables constraint, system filter require constraint, the constraint of phase modifier dynamic reactive deposit and objective function
Min f establishes UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M.
3. the extra-high voltage direct-current change of current according to claim 1 or 2 for considering phase modifier coordinative role and system filter and requiring
It stands dynamic reactive power optimization method, which is characterized in that n=96.
4. the UHVDC converter station according to claim 2 for considering that phase modifier coordinative role and system filter require is dynamic
State idle work optimization method, which is characterized in that ac and dc systems power flow equation is constrained as shown in formula 3 and formula 4；
Active power constraint is as follows:
In formula,Respectively indicate the generator being connected with node i and/or phase modifier, load, inverter when
The active power of section t；When inverter is rectifier, sPi=1；When inverter is inverter, sPi=-1；When node i is pure
When exchanging node, sPi=0；SSLACKIndicate the set of balance nodes；Pi tFor node i period t active injection power equation；
Reactive power constraint is as follows:
In formula,Respectively indicate the generator being connected with node i and/or phase modifier, static reactive-power compensation
Repay device, load, inverter period t reactive power；The s when node i is connected with converter stationQi=1, otherwise sQi=0；SPQ
Indicate the set of PQ node；For node i period t idle injecting power equation.
5. the UHVDC converter station according to claim 2 for considering that phase modifier coordinative role and system filter require is dynamic
State idle work optimization method, which is characterized in that inverter characteristic equation is constrained as shown in formula 5 to formula 7；
In formula,Respectively indicate the pole of period t DC voltage, DC current over the ground； Respectively indicate changing for period t
Convertor transformer no-load voltage ratio, inverter Trigger Angle；Wherein, converting plant is Trigger Angle, and Inverter Station is off angle；XcIndicate commutating reactance；kb
Indicate each 6 pulse conversion devices number of pole；kdTNIndicate nominal transformation ratio of the converter transformer valve-side relative to net side；
In formula,Indicate the converter station apparent energy total in period t；kpIndicate that converter station runs number of poles；η indicates meter and commutation weight
The coefficient that folded phenomenon introduces；T is the period；
In formula,WithConverter station is respectively indicated in the active transimission power of period t and reactive power.
6. the UHVDC converter station according to claim 2 for considering that phase modifier coordinative role and system filter require is dynamic
State idle work optimization method, which is characterized in that converter station and AC system couple state variable bound are as shown in formula 8 to formula 9；
The constraint of change of current bus voltage amplitude is as follows:
In formula, UH,maxAnd UH,minRespectively indicate change of current bus voltage amplitude upper and lower bound；
System Reactive Power exchange constraint is as follows:
In formula, Qexc,maxAnd Qexc,minRespectively indicate System Reactive Power exchange upper and lower bound；
Wherein, period t System Reactive Power exchangesIt is as follows:
In formula,Indicate period t converter station alternating current filter/shunt capacitor reactive compensation capacity；Subscript f, c respectively indicates
Alternating current filter and shunt capacitor, with () unified representation；UN(·)、QN(·)Respectively indicate alternating current filter or shunt capacitor
Voltage rating and single group rated capacity；
Period t converter station alternating current filter/shunt capacitor reactive compensation capacityIt is as follows:
In formula, subscript f, c respectively indicates alternating current filter and shunt capacitor, with () unified representation；UN(·)And QN(·)Respectively
Indicate converter station alternating voltage alternating current filter and shunt capacitor voltage rating and single group rated capacity.
7. the UHVDC converter station according to claim 2 for considering that phase modifier coordinative role and system filter require is dynamic
State idle work optimization method, which is characterized in that converter station control variables constraint is as shown in formula 12 to 17；The discrete control of converter station becomes
Amount includes converter power transformer tap gear, alternating current filter group switch and shunt capacitor group switch；Converter station continuous control
Variable includes that phase modifier is idle and converter Control angle；
In formula,WithRespectively indicate the maximum stagnant phase of phase modifier and under-excitation ability；
Above formula indicates the inequality constraints of converter Control angle cosine value, this is because sending, receiving end converter station control when operating normally
Angle processed is stablized in certain range of operation, and for receiving end converter station, commutation failure, is configured with minimum turn-off angle control in order to prevent
System etc. strategies, therefore be collectively expressed as aboutInequality constraints；
In formula, TapdT,maxAnd TapdT,minRespectively indicate the upper and lower bound of converter power transformer tap gear number；
In formula, NF, maxTo put into the alternating current filter group number upper limit；
Converter power transformer no-load voltage ratioIt is as follows:
In formula, Δ U indicates converter power transformer tap gear step-length voltage regulating.
8. the UHVDC converter station according to claim 2 for considering that phase modifier coordinative role and system filter require is dynamic
State idle work optimization method, which is characterized in that system filter requires constraint as shown in formula 18 and formula 19；
In formula,Indicate the minimum filters group number of period t investment；Show what period t was put by system filter requirement
Minimum filters group number, namely about direct current transmission powerFunction；
The group number that converter station participates in reactive compensation shunt capacitor is as follows:
In formula, Nc,maxTo put into the high-voltage parallel capacitor group number upper limit.
9. the UHVDC converter station according to claim 2 for considering that phase modifier coordinative role and system filter require is dynamic
State idle work optimization method, which is characterized in that the constraint of phase modifier dynamic reactive deposit is as follows:
Wherein, the idle power output upper limit of phase modifier stable stateAnd lower limitIt is as follows respectively:
In formula, systemACtFor AC system operating status；Above formula indicates that phase modifier allows the idle power output range of stable state and direct current
The factors such as transimission power, AC system operating status are closely related.
10. the UHVDC converter station according to claim 1 for considering phase modifier coordinative role and system filter and requiring
Dynamic reactive power optimization method, which is characterized in that calculate the key step of UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M such as
Under:
1) utilize formula 22, to the absolute value target in UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M objective function 1 into
Row equivalence transformation, be converted to the nonlinear mixed-integer programming model M containing equilibrium equation '；
In formula, XtUnified representation period t converter power transformer tap gearAlternating current filter group numberOr shunt capacitance
Device group numberThe auxiliary variable that unified representation converter power transformer, alternating current filter or shunt capacitor introduce；
2) formula 23 is utilized, change of equal value is carried out to the constraint condition 19 in UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M
Change, be converted to the nonlinear mixed-integer programming model M containing equilibrium equation '
In formula, λ and μ respectively indicate form factor and translational movement；
3) calculate nonlinear mixed-integer programming model M ', to optimize to UHVDC converter station, key step is such as
Under:
3.1) the discrete control variable and equilibrium condition in relaxation model M', and nonlinear mixed-integer programming is found out by iteration
Model M '；The discrete control variable of converter station includes converter power transformer tap gear, alternating current filter group switch and shunt capacitance
Device group switch；Converter station continuous control variable includes that phase modifier is idle and converter Control angle；
3.2) maintain converter station continuous control variable constant, in the feelings for meeting converter station control variables constraint and system filter constraint
Under condition, in discrete control variable relaxation solution neighborhood, the optimal solution of discrete control variable is found out using dynamic programming；
3.3) it maintains discrete control variable constant, the optimal solution of each period continuous control variable is found out with nonlinear interior-point method,
Using calculated result as the optimal solution of UHVDC converter station Dynamic reactive power optimization model M if meeting the condition of convergence；Otherwise
It maintains continuous control variable constant, the relaxation solution of discrete control variable, and return step 3.2 is found out with nonlinear interior-point method.
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