CN109802161A - A kind of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell - Google Patents
A kind of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN109802161A CN109802161A CN201811629330.1A CN201811629330A CN109802161A CN 109802161 A CN109802161 A CN 109802161A CN 201811629330 A CN201811629330 A CN 201811629330A CN 109802161 A CN109802161 A CN 109802161A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, the cathode and anode of the fuel cell are the nickel foam that surface is coated with NCAL, and the electrolyte layer of the fuel cell is LNO/SDC composite material.The structure of fuel cell i.e. of the present invention are as follows: nickel foam //NCAL//LNO/SDC//NCAL//nickel foam.Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention, as its electrolyte layer, substantially reduces the electrode polarization loss during electrochemical reaction of fuel battery using the composite material of the nickel acid lanthanum of perovskite structure and the samarium doping cerium oxide of ion conductor；In addition the electrolyte has good output power in low-temperature zone, to make efficient stable to run for a long time using the solid oxide fuel cell of the electrolyte in low-temperature zone (300-600 degree).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells, belong to field of new energy technologies.
Background technique
Chemical energy in fuel (such as hydrogen, methane) can be efficiently converted to electric energy by solid oxide fuel cell.
Transfer efficiency is not limited by Carnot cycle, and efficiency is much higher than thermal power generation unit.Fuel cell is electrolysed qualitative classification by it can
It is divided into Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, solid oxide fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell, phosphorus
Hydrochlorate fuel cell, wherein solid oxide fuel does not need that noble metal catalyst, material selection range be wide, high conversion efficiency
The advantages that, it receives significant attention.But current solid oxide fuel cell mainly uses yttria-stabilized zirconia
(YSZ) it is used as electrolyte, YSZ needs that higher catalytic activity could be obtained in high temperature (900 degree or so).Therefore traditional solid
Oxide fuel cell generally all operates in the condition of high temperature.Hot operation all proposes that harshness is wanted to battery material, connecting material
It asks, in addition, hot operation proposes challenge to solid oxide fuel cell long-time stability.Therefore research low-temperature zone (300-
600 degree) solid oxide fuel cell in recent years, cause extensive concern.
The widely used YSZ of the electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cell based on cathode-electrolyte-anode structure
(zirconium oxide of stabilized with yttrium oxide) completes the electrochemistry of fuel cell in 900 degree or so oxygen ion conduction abilities with higher
Reaction, electromotive power output.But the material (YSZ) only just has good oxygen ion transport ability at high temperature, works as temperature
600 degree are reduced to hereinafter, almost without oxygen ion conduction ability.Therefore, in recent years, about reduction solid oxide fuel cell
Technology it is more and more, be concentrated mainly on two technology paths, first is that develop thin film technique, be thinned electrolyte YSZ thickness, make
Its middle-temperature section also can ion transport capability with higher, but due to technical limitations, thickness can not infinitely subtract
It is thin, and thin film technique yield rate is also not very high；Second is that developing new material, the green wood of ion can be transmitted in low-temperature zone by finding
Material.
Fuel cell is a typical electrochemical device, and the effect of intermediate electrolyte is transmission ion and prevention electronics
Transmission.Electrolyte according to semiconductor material as fuel cell, it is easy to people be allowed to associate the hair of short circuit phenomenon
Raw, just because of this, the material with semiconductor property is so far without using in a fuel cell.The a large amount of experimental study of the present invention
Show the semiconductor material with perovskite structure with ionic material Application of composite in the electrolyte of fuel cell,
There is no any short circuit phenomenons of generation, and electrolyte composite material also has good output power in low-temperature zone.Exist
It is suitably doped with the material of semiconductor property in ionic conductor material, especially there is perovskite structure or perovskite-like knot
Any short circuit phenomenon does not occur, but produces enhancement effect for the semiconductor material of structure, and output power obviously increases.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, in the fuel cell
Electrolyte in low-temperature zone oxygen ion conduction ability with higher, to make the solid oxidation using the electrolyte
Object fuel cell can efficient operation at low-temperature zone (300-600 degree).
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, the cathode and anode of the fuel cell are the foam that surface is coated with NCAL
Nickel, the electrolyte layer of the fuel cell are LNO/SDC composite material.
The structure of fuel cell of the present invention are as follows: nickel foam //NCAL//LNO/SDC//NCAL//nickel foam.
Wherein, the nickel foam that surface is coated with NCAL is prepared with the following method: by the desired amount of NCAL
(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05LiO2-δ) powder is gradually added into terpinol, until mixture is starchiness, by starchy mixture
It is uniformly applied in nickel foam, the nickel foam after smearing is put into baking oven drying 2 hours at 200 DEG C, surface can be obtained
It is coated with the nickel foam of NCAL.
Wherein, the LNO/SDC composite material is by by SDC powder and nickel acid lanthanum (LaNiO3) powder mixing after, fill
Divide prepared by grinding.
The preparation method of above-mentioned LNO/SDC composite material, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1, nickel acid lanthanum (LaNiO3, it is abbreviated as LNO) and the preparation of powder:
By La (NO3)3.6H2O and Ni (NO3)2.6H2O 1: 1 mixing in molar ratio, obtains mixed material X；Ethyl alcohol is massaged
You are more soluble in water than 1: 1 to obtain ethanol solution；Mixed material X is slowly added into ethanol solution at 1: 1 in molar ratio, at 80 DEG C
Under constant temperature, gel is put into drying box 200 until mixed reaction solution formation gel using magnetic stirrer
It is 12 hours dry under DEG C constant temperature, then the gel after drying is put into sintering furnace sintering, sintering is divided into two processes: firstly,
With the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 400 DEG C are risen to from drying temperature, under 400 DEG C of constant temperatures, is sintered 2 hours；Then,
Again with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, sintering temperature rises to 800 DEG C from 400 DEG C, and under 800 DEG C of constant temperatures, sintering 4 is small
When；After the completion of sintering, the cooled to room temperature in furnace is fully ground sinter, obtains nickel acid lanthanum (LaNiO3) powder；
Step 2, samarium doping cerium oxide (Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9, it is abbreviated as SDC) and the preparation of powder:
Take 0.2mol Sm (NO3).6H2O dissolves in 1L water, obtains solution A, takes 0.8mol Ce (NO3).6H2O dissolves in 1L
In, solution B is obtained, solution A is mixed with solution B, at 80 DEG C, using magnetic stirrer 2 hours, after mixing well
To solution C；Take 1mol NH4HCO3Solid dissolves in 2L water, obtains solution D, in the case of stirring by solution C, delays thereto
It is slow that solution D is added, solution E is formed, at 80 DEG C, stirs 4 hours, the solution E after reaction is filtered, paste composite material is obtained
Paste composite material E is put into drying box drying 12 hours at 200 DEG C by E, obtains block composite material E, then will be blocky multiple
Condensation material E is put into sintering furnace to be sintered 4 hours at 800 DEG C, is fully ground after sintering, is obtained Sm doped CeO_2 (SDC)
Powder；
Step 3, LNO/SDC composite material is prepared:
LNO powder made from step 1 is mixed with SDC powder in mass ratio 1: 1 made from step 2, after being fully ground i.e.
It can get LNO/SDC composite material.
The preparation of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention:
The nickel foam that surface is coated with NCAL is fabricated to electrode, electrode size is circle, and diameter D=13mm, electrode is being received
It the both sides nano composite material LNO/SDC, will in symmetrical structure, i.e. nickel foam //NCAL//LNO/SDC//NCAL//nickel foam structure
Piece of foam nickel //NCAL is put into compression mold bottom, and surface is coated with the one side of NCAL upward, takes the LNO/SDC of 0.35g compound
Material is put into compression mold, then another nickel foam //NCAL is put into compression mold, is placed on LNO/SDC composite material
Face, surface be coated with NCAL one down, compression mold is put into tablet press machine, is forced into 10Mpa, after pressure maintaining 10 seconds, take out electricity
Pond piece obtains low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell of the invention.
Electrolyte composite material of the invention is nano material, i.e. nanoparticle material and nano semiconductor material, is passed through
The nano combined of ionic material and semiconductor material is formed after grinding, will form heterojunction structure in this two-phase composite material, i.e.,
The interface of nanoelectronic phase with nanoparticle phase, the interface energy of nanoelectronic phase and nanoparticle phase are formd in electrolyte layer
Reinforcement material is reached to the transmittability of oxonium ion, so that the output power of fuel cell dramatically increases.
Compared with the prior art, technical solution of the present invention has the beneficial effect that
Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention is using the nickel acid lanthanum of perovskite structure and the samarium doping of ion conductor
The composite material of cerium oxide can not only prevent the transmission of electronics as its electrolyte layer, electrolyte composite material of the invention,
But also there is high oxygen ion conduction ability, therefore the electrolyte composite material has good output power in low-temperature zone,
Composite material also substantially reduces the electrode polarization loss during electrochemical reaction of fuel battery simultaneously；Therefore make using the electricity
The solid oxide fuel cell for solving composite material efficient stable can be run for a long time in low-temperature zone (300-600 degree).
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention；
The fuel cell that Fig. 2 is LNO and SDC mass ratio is 1: 1 I- when test temperature is 530,510,490 degree respectively
V and I-P characteristic curve；Under 530 degree of service condition, peak power output reaches 680mW/cm2；
The fuel cell that Fig. 3 is LNO and SDC mass ratio is 3: 7 I- when test temperature is 530,510,490 degree respectively
V and I-P characteristic curve；Under 530 degree of service condition, peak power output reaches 440mW/cm2；
The fuel cell that Fig. 4 is LNO and SDC mass ratio is 6: 4 I- when test temperature is 530,510,490 degree respectively
V and I-P characteristic curve；Under 530 degree of service condition, peak power output reaches 290mW/cm2；
The fuel cell that Fig. 5 the is pure SDC I-V and I-P characteristic curve when test temperature is 530,510 degree respectively；530
Under the service condition of degree, peak power output is respectively 378mW/cm2、261mW/cm2；
Fig. 6 is the hot curve of AC impedance of the pure LNO under hydrogen-oxygen atmosphere；
Fig. 7 is LNO and SDC mass ratio is the hot curve of 1: 1 AC impedance under hydrogen-oxygen atmosphere.
Specific embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.However, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that real
It applies content described in example and is merely to illustrate the present invention, without sheet described in detail in claims should will not be limited
Invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the nickel foam that surface is coated with NCAL constitutes symmetry electrode, fuel battery negative pole of the present invention and anode are equal
It is coated with the nickel foam of NCAL using surface, core electrolyte layer is LNO and SDC composite material, therefore the structure of the fuel cell
Are as follows: nickel foam //NCAL//LNO/SDC//NCAL//nickel foam；Wherein, NCAL Ni0.8C00.15Al0.05LiO2-δMaterial, SDC
For Ce prepared by the present invention0.8Sm0.2O1.9Material uses SDC made from existing disclosed method；LNO is prepared by the present invention
LaNiO3Material uses LNO made from existing disclosed method, and nickel foam is the nickel material of commercially available foam-like.
The preparation method of fuel cell of the present invention:
First prepare the nickel foam (anode and cathode as fuel cell) that surface is coated with NCAL: by NCAL
(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05LiO2-a) powder is gradually added into terpinol, until mixture is starchiness, by starchy mixture
It is uniformly applied in nickel foam, the nickel foam after smearing is put into baking oven drying 2 hours at 200 DEG C, surface can be obtained
It is coated with the nickel foam of NCAL；
LNO/SDC composite material (electrolyte layer-generating element as fuel cell) is prepared again:
Step 1, nickel acid lanthanum (LaNiO is prepared3) powder:
By La (NO3)3.6H2O and Ni (NO3)2·6H2O 1: 1 mixing in molar ratio, obtains mixed material X；Ethyl alcohol is massaged
You are more soluble in water than 1: 1 to obtain ethanol solution；Mixed material X is slowly added into ethanol solution at 1: 1 in molar ratio, at 80 DEG C
Under constant temperature, gel is put into drying box 200 until mixed reaction solution formation gel using magnetic stirrer
It is 12 hours dry under DEG C constant temperature, then the gel after drying is put into sintering furnace sintering, sintering is divided into two processes: firstly,
With the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 400 DEG C are risen to from drying temperature, under 400 DEG C of constant temperatures, is sintered 2 hours；Then,
Again with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, sintering temperature rises to 800 DEG C from 400 DEG C, and under 800 DEG C of constant temperatures, sintering 4 is small
When；After the completion of sintering, the cooled to room temperature in furnace is fully ground sinter, obtains nickel acid lanthanum (LaNi03) powder；
Step 2, the preparation of samarium doping cerium oxide (SDC) powder:
Take 0.2mol Sm (NO3)·6H2O dissolves in 1L water, obtains solution A, takes 0.8mol Ce (NO3).6H2O dissolves in 1L
In, solution B is obtained, solution A is mixed with solution B, at 80 DEG C, using magnetic stirrer 2 hours, after mixing well
To solution C；Take 1mol NH4HCO3Solid dissolves in 2L water, obtains solution D, in the case of stirring by solution C, delays thereto
It is slow that solution D is added, solution E is formed, at 80 DEG C, stirs 4 hours, the solution E after reaction is filtered, paste composite material is obtained
Paste composite material E is put into drying box drying 12 hours at 200 DEG C by E, obtains block composite material E, then will be blocky multiple
Condensation material E is put into sintering furnace to be sintered 4 hours at 800 DEG C, is fully ground after sintering, is obtained Sm doped CeO_2 (SDC)
Powder；
Step 3, LNO/SDC composite material is prepared:
LNO powder made from step 1 is mixed with SDC powder in mass ratio 1: 1 made from step 2, after being fully ground
To LNO/SDC composite material；
Finally, combining electrode material obtained with electrolyte, low-temperature solid oxide fuel of the invention is obtained
Battery:
The nickel foam that surface is coated with NCAL is fabricated to electrode, electrode size is circle, and diameter D=i3mm, electrode is being received
The both sides nano composite material LNO/SDC are in symmetrical structure, i.e. nickel foam //NCAL//LNO/SDC//NCAL//nickel foam structure, first
Piece of foam nickel //NCAL is put into compression mold bottom, surface is coated with the one side of NCAL upward, then takes the LNO/SDC of 0.35g
Composite material is put into compression mold, and another nickel foam //NCAL is finally put into compression mold, it is compound to be placed on LNO/SDC
Above material, surface be coated with NCAL one down, compression mold is put into tablet press machine, is forced into 10Mpa, after pressure maintaining 10 seconds,
Cell piece is taken out, low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell of the invention is obtained.
It can be seen that from Fig. 2~5, pure SDC can be used as the electrolyte of fuel cell, and under conditions of 530 degree, maximum defeated
Power is 378mW/cm out2, by LNO material by different quality ratio and SDC carry out it is compound after, when LNO and SDC mass ratio are 1: 1
When, chemical property reaches 680mW/cm2, change the mass ratio of LNO and SDC, there is apparent variation in battery performance, LNO with
When SDC mass ratio is 3: 7, the maximum output power of fuel cell is 440mW/cm2, defeated when with LNO and SDC mass ratio being 1: 1
Power is compared out, is declined slightly, if further increasing the quality accounting of SDC in composite material, the performance of composite material will be by
Walk the output performance close to pure SDC.When LNO and SDC mass ratio are 6: 4, the output power of fuel cell is only 290mW/
cm2, output power when lower than pure SDC is thus it can be extrapolated that multiple if further increasing the quality accounting of LNO in composite material
The performance of condensation material is by gradually close to the output performance of LNO, when electrolyte of the pure LNO as oxide fuel cell, at 550 degree
Under conditions of, output power 0mW/cm2, it is not have oxygen ion conduction ability.To sum up result of study it is found that it is pure from
Doped LN O in sub- conductor material SDC material, substantially increases the oxygen ion conduction ability of electrolyte composite material, passes through experiment
Studies have shown that it is 1: 1 that the two optimum proportioning, which is mass ratio,.
In Fig. 6, the ac impedance characteristic curve of pure LNO and first intersection point of the imaginary axis represent ohmic loss, and value is about
0.33Ω·cm2, second intersection point of ac impedance characteristic curve and the imaginary axis represent crystal boundary loss, and value is of about for 0.85 Ω
cm2.In Fig. 7, first of ac impedance characteristic curve and the imaginary axis doped with the SDC (mass ratio of LNO and SDC are 1: 1) of LNO
A intersection point represents ohmic loss, and value is about 0.21 Ω cm2, second intersection point generation of ac impedance characteristic curve and the imaginary axis
The loss of table crystal boundary, value is of about for 0.45 Ω cm2.Through comparison diagram 6, Fig. 7 it is found that compared with the impedance operator of pure LNO,
LNO and SDC compound ohmic loss and crystal boundary loss all substantially reduce, to prove that the performance of the composite material after doping has
Greatly promoted.
Pure nanoparticle material SDC is weaker in the oxygen ion transport ability of low-temperature zone (300-600 °), will be provided with calcium titanium
The nano semiconductor material LNO of mine type is doped into nanoparticle material SDC, is the equal of the doping electronics phase in ion phase,
Two-phase Material cladding will form the heterojunction structure of semiconductor material and ionic material, i.e. semiconductor-ion heterojunction structure.I.e.
The electrolyte layer of traditional ion conductor, which becomes one, has semiconductor-ion heterojunction structure electrolyte layer.With semiconductor-
The electrolyte of ion heterojunction structure can reinforce the transmittability to oxonium ion, therefore electrolyte composite material is in low-temperature zone
(300-600 °) also has good output power.
The structure of fuel cell of the present invention, nickel foam are respectively used to anode and cathode to promote the redox reaction at the two poles of the earth
Process and play the role of electronics collection.Pure SDC is doped with calcium titanium as ionic conductor material, the present invention in pure SDC
The semiconductor LNO material of mine structure, in low-temperature zone operation, composite material has high oxygen ion transport ability, thus effectively
Improve the output power that fuel cell is run in low-temperature zone.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, it is characterised in that: the electrolyte layer of the fuel cell is multiple for LNO/SDC
Condensation material.
2. low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cathode of the fuel cell
It is the nickel foam that surface is coated with NCAL with anode.
3. low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: surface is coated with the foam of NCAL
Nickel is prepared with the following method: the desired amount of NCAL powder is added in terpinol, starchy mixture is obtained, it will
Starchy mixture is uniformly applied in nickel foam, and the nickel foam that surface is coated with NCAL can be obtained after drying.
4. low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the LNO/SDC composite wood
Material be by the way that SDC powder is mixed with LNO powder after, be fully ground and be made.
5. low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the LNO/SDC composite wood
The preparation method of material, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1, LNO powder is prepared:
By La (NO3)3.6H2O and Ni (NO3)2.6H2O 1: 1 mixing in molar ratio, obtains mixed material X；By ethyl alcohol in molar ratio 1
: 1 soluble in water obtains ethanol solution；Mixed material X is added in ethanol solution at 1: 1 in molar ratio, obtains mixed reaction solution,
Mixed reaction solution forms gel after reacting a period of time in a heated condition, will be sintered, has been sintered after gel drying
Cheng Hou is fully ground sinter, obtains LNO powder；
Step 2, SDC powder is prepared:
A certain amount of cerous nitrate solution and samarium nitrate solution are mixed, mixed solution is obtained, mixed solution is added to bicarbonate
In ammonium salt solution, sufficiently after reaction, reaction solution is filtered, paste composite material E is obtained, paste composite material E is dried to obtain block
Shape composite material E, then block composite material E is sintered, it is fully ground after sintering, obtains SDC powder；
Step 3, LNO/SDC composite material is prepared:
LNO powder made from step 1 is mixed with SDC powder in mass ratio 1: 1 made from step 2, can be obtained after being fully ground
Obtain LNO/SDC composite material.
6. low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: in step 1, sintering is divided into two
A process: firstly, with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, rising to 400 DEG C from drying temperature, under 400 DEG C of constant temperatures, sintering
2 hours；Then, then with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, sintering temperature rises to 800 DEG C from 400 DEG C, in 800 DEG C of constant temperatures
Under, it is sintered 4 hours.
7. low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: in step 2, the sintering temperature
Degree is 800 DEG C, and the sintering time is 4h.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811629330.1A CN109802161A (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | A kind of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811629330.1A CN109802161A (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | A kind of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111244515A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-05 | 湖北大学 | Perovskite type LaNiO containing calcium3Composite electrolyte, fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN113571750A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-29 | 湖北大学 | Wide bandgap semiconductor electrolyte and preparation method thereof, wide bandgap semiconductor electrolyte fuel cell and assembly method thereof |
| CN113782794A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-10 | 湖北大学 | Fuel cell based on metal ion battery material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114420985A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-29 | 东南大学 | Rare earth oxide (M)2O3) Application in preparing low-temperature proton ceramic fuel cell |
| CN117410534A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-01-16 | 广东海洋大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell with symmetrical electrodes and preparation method thereof |
-
2018
- 2018-12-28 CN CN201811629330.1A patent/CN109802161A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111244515A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-05 | 湖北大学 | Perovskite type LaNiO containing calcium3Composite electrolyte, fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN111244515B (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2021-10-01 | 湖北大学 | Perovskite type LaNiO containing calcium3Composite electrolyte, fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN113571750A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-29 | 湖北大学 | Wide bandgap semiconductor electrolyte and preparation method thereof, wide bandgap semiconductor electrolyte fuel cell and assembly method thereof |
| CN113782794A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-10 | 湖北大学 | Fuel cell based on metal ion battery material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113782794B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2024-03-08 | 湖北大学 | Fuel cell based on metal ion battery material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114420985A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-29 | 东南大学 | Rare earth oxide (M)2O3) Application in preparing low-temperature proton ceramic fuel cell |
| CN117410534A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-01-16 | 广东海洋大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell with symmetrical electrodes and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20190524 |
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| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |