CN109800451B - High-exploration-degree area exploration layer unit dividing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for dividing exploration layer units in a high exploration degree area, which comprises the following steps: determining a target layer system partitioning scheme suitable for the exploration requirement of the basin or the pit; drawing a target layer structure diagram, and dividing a target layer secondary structure lithofacies zone according to a secondary zone control fault and main sedimentary lithofacies distribution; dividing three-stage construction units controlled by construction; drawing a sedimentary facies plan and a reservoir thickness contour map, and dividing sedimentary unit boundaries controlled by lithofacies according to sedimentary facies and reservoir thickness distribution; compiling and dividing a storage quantity and fluid pressure superposed plane distribution diagram found by the type of the oil reservoir, analyzing an oil gas source, analyzing an oil gas transportation and conduction system, and dividing oil gas transportation and gathering units of oil source and transportation and conduction control; and the superposition construction unit, the deposition unit and the fortune gathering unit are combined with the differences of different unit exploration fields and deployment thinking technical methods to comprehensively determine the unit boundary of the exploration layer. The method has strong operability, and the diversity and enrichment rule of exploration layer unit accumulation in the exploration area are determined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil-gas exploration theoretical methods, in particular to a method for dividing exploration layer units in a high-exploration-degree area.
Background
The exploration unit is an exploration basic working unit which is matched with an oil and gas exploration stage and can be used for exploration research, evaluation and deployment. At present, many exploration areas in China enter a mature exploration stage. In the oil-gas-containing basin (or oil zone) in the exploration maturity period, most of forward-structured trapped oil and gas reservoirs are discovered and proved, while non-structured trapped oil and gas reservoirs (namely, concealed oil and gas reservoirs) become main objects of oil and gas exploration, and the evaluation of an exploration unit preferably develops towards refinement.
The oil and gas exploration history of China is observed throughout, and the theoretical basis and the scale of exploration unit division are different in different exploration history periods. In the 40 s of the 19 th century, under the guidance of the terrestrial oil production theory, the basin containing oil and gas is taken as a main exploration unit, has large scale and is suitable for the initial exploration. In the 60 s of the 19 th century, under the guidance of a source control theory, an oil-gas-containing system is divided, the maximum range which can be reached by oil gas generated by an effective hydrocarbon source rock mass is taken as a boundary, the formation relation between a source and a reservoir is emphasized, hydrocarbon evolution and accumulation are systematically researched, the method is suitable for the early-stage reservoir formation research of an oil-gas-containing basin which forms hydrocarbon once in a single-cycle manner, and the method has no practical significance for the fine division of a mature exploration area. In the 80 s of the 19 th century, under the guidance of a compound oil gas gathering zone theory, a compound oil gas gathering zone is divided, the compound oil gas gathering zone refers to the same two-stage structural zone, causes are connected and gathering conditions are similar, and an oil gas reservoir group with a certain type of oil gas reservoir as a main part and other types of oil gas reservoirs as auxiliary parts is divided; the similarity of oil and gas causes is emphasized, and the reservoir forming elements are comprehensively analyzed and described from a macroscopic view; the method is suitable for early and medium-term analogy prediction of basin exploration, and is not an oil-gas unit classified in cause in the true sense. In the 20 th century, oil and gas exploration enters a hidden oil and gas reservoir exploration stage, wherein three representative exploration units are divided in the period: the method is characterized in that a tectonic facies zone emphasizes the division of a secondary tectonic zone and the control effect of the secondary tectonic zone on a sedimentary system, requires the integrity of the tectonic system and the sedimentary system in the division, and is suitable for zonal oil-gas exploration evaluation research; the oil gathering unit takes the hydrocarbon discharge grooves, the structural ridges and the like as boundary lines of adjacent units, the uplift area takes the ablation lines as boundaries, and the transportation and conduction system and the related generation, storage and cover relations are emphasized, namely the integrity and the inseparability of the oil reservoir are found, but the oil reservoir type in one oil gathering unit has large difference, is not suitable for being evaluated by unified exploration theory and technology and is only suitable for resource evaluation; and the accumulation assembly is a three-dimensional exploration assembly, which takes a main transportation and guide line as a backbone, and takes a fluid separation groove, a structural saddle part and a structural vertex as boundaries, so that the integrity of a transport and aggregation system is ensured, the cause relation and the space combination among a source, a transportation ring and a ring are emphasized, the dynamic and static combination is realized, and the three-dimensional exploration assembly is suitable for the three-dimensional exploration in the middle and later periods of exploration on the premise of clear knowledge on the oil source, the transportation ring and the accumulation ring of the basin.
The research results show that the division of the exploration units is changed along with the changes of exploration development, geological understanding and deployment thinking, is adaptive to the exploration stage and exploration capacity, and therefore, the division of the exploration units is dynamic. As the extent of exploration increases, the partitioning of the exploration units should be finer. east-Ying depression such as depression of Jiyang, cutting to the bottom of 2017 years, with a three-dimensional seismic coverage of 100% and exploratory well density of 0.41 hole/km2The sum of oil gas exploration and geological reserve control accounts for 64.3 percent of the total resource amount, and the high-extra-high exploration degree stage is achieved. But the exploration among different tectonic facies zones and different layer series has obvious imbalance, the exploration degree of the sub-sections and the upper layer series of the four sections of sand is high, the exploration recognition is relatively clear, the exploration enters a stage of fine exploration by using a reserve blank area or recognization of an explored area, an exploration object is smaller, scattered and hidden, and the tectonic facies zones are not suitable for the exploration requirement; the exploration degree of the sub-section of the sand four section and the lower strata of the sub-section and the corresponding region is lower. Therefore, it is necessary to subdivide the layers, the fineDividing zones, dividing exploration layer units, highlighting exploration difference, finding out exploration key problems restricting each exploration layer unit, and providing directions for exploration and customs research and efficient deployment. Therefore, the invention discloses a method for dividing exploration layer units in a high exploration degree area so as to adapt to the current exploration stage and exploration situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for dividing a high-exploration-degree area exploration layer unit, which has strong operability and the dividing result is directly applied to the current exploration area fine exploration.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the method for dividing the exploration layer units of the high exploration degree area comprises the following steps: step 1, determining a target layer system partitioning scheme suitable for basin or pit exploration requirements according to regional geological data and an exploration current situation evaluation result; step 2, compiling a target layer structure diagram, and dividing a target layer secondary structure lithofacies zone according to a secondary zone control fault and main sedimentary lithofacies distribution; step 3, dividing a three-level construction unit controlled by construction according to the distribution of three-level fracture, construction ridge and construction valley in a target layer two-level construction lithofacies zone; step 4, compiling a sedimentary facies plan and a reservoir thickness contour map, and dividing sedimentary unit boundaries controlled by lithofacies according to sedimentary facies and reservoir thickness distribution; step 5, compiling and drawing a superposed plane distribution diagram of oil and gas reserves (proven reserves, controlled reserves and predicted reserves) and fluid pressure coefficients according to the types of the oil reservoirs (structural types, lithological types, stratum types and buried mountains), analyzing oil and gas sources, analyzing an oil and gas transportation and conduction system, and dividing oil and gas transportation and gathering units controlled by the oil sources and transportation and conduction conditions; and 6, superposing the construction unit, the deposition unit and the clustering unit partition map, mainly using the construction unit, and finally comprehensively determining the boundary of the exploration layer unit by combining the exploration fields of different units and the difference of the deployment idea technical method.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
in the step 1, determining a target layer geological layering division scheme suitable for the current exploration requirement by combining the combing evaluation of different layer series exploration situations according to well drilling, well logging and seismic data in a high exploration degree area; the geological stratification is to divide a plurality of structural layers according to the characteristics of deposition discontinuity, deformation deterioration and magma invasion, and to divide the target layer system according to the exploration deployment requirement, which is at most equal to a three-level sequence.
In step 2, a target layer structure diagram is compiled, and the boundaries of the sedimentary units are divided according to the secondary zone control faults and the distribution of main sedimentary facies; the tectonic facies zone is divided into zones by taking the secondary tectonic zone as a main line and considering the integrity of the sedimentary facies zone, and emphasizes the characteristics of the tectonic sedimentary control, sedimentary oil reservoir distribution and enrichment of the fractured basin.
In step 3, dividing a three-level structure unit controlled by the structure according to the distribution of three-level fracture, structure ridge and structure valley in a target layer two-level structure lithofacies zone; structural ridges refer to the ridge lines of the positive structure formed due to the change in formation attitude; the formation valley refers to a valley ground where the formation runs in line with the formation line.
In step 4, a sedimentary facies plan and a reservoir thickness contour map are drawn, and sedimentary unit boundaries controlled by lithofacies are divided according to sedimentary facies boundaries and reservoir thickness distribution differences.
In step 5, the found reserves and fluid pressure superposition plane distribution diagram of the oil reservoir types is compiled, the oil and gas sources are analyzed, the oil and gas transmission and conduction system is analyzed, and oil and gas transportation and collection units controlled by the oil source and transmission and conduction conditions are divided.
In step 6, the partition maps of the construction unit, the deposition unit and the fortune gathering unit are superposed, the construction unit boundary is taken as the main point, and the exploration layer unit boundary is finally and comprehensively determined by combining the differences of different unit exploration fields and deployment idea technical methods.
According to the method for dividing the exploration layer units of the high-exploration-degree area, a geological layering division scheme of a target layer system suitable for the requirement of basin or depression exploration is determined according to geological data of areas such as drilling wells, logging wells, earthquakes and the like and by combing and evaluating the exploration degree and the cognition degree; drawing a target layer structure diagram, dividing a depressed zone, a steep slope zone, a slow slope zone and other structural rock phase zones according to secondary zone control faults and main sedimentary rock phase distribution, wherein an outer envelope line is a stratum pinch-out line or a boundary line of adjacent regions; dividing main three-level structural units controlled by the structure according to the distribution of three-level fracture, structural ridge and structural valley in a target layer two-level structural lithofacies zone; drawing a sedimentary facies plan, and dividing sedimentary unit boundaries controlled by lithofacies according to sedimentary facies distribution; compiling and dividing a storage quantity and fluid pressure superposed plane distribution diagram found by the type of the oil reservoir, analyzing an oil gas source, analyzing an oil gas transportation and conduction system, and dividing oil gas transportation and gathering units controlled by oil source and transportation and conduction conditions; and the superposition construction unit, the deposition unit and the fortune gathering unit are combined with the differences of different unit exploration fields and deployment thinking technical methods to comprehensively determine the unit boundary of the exploration layer. The method is suitable for the current exploration degree and deployment situation, the whole method is strong in operability, the division result is directly applied to the fine exploration of the current exploration area, the petroleum geological rule of the exploration area is deeply understood, the difference and enrichment rule of unit accumulation of exploration layers of the exploration area are determined, and the method plays an important guiding role in determining the near-term storage increase, the breakthrough direction and the key attack and customs direction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for partitioning exploration layer units in a high exploration degree area according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating target layer level partitioning according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the result of the structural facies band partitioning according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the result of dividing the target layer three-level structuring unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the result of dividing a target layer deposition unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the partitioning results of a destination layer gather unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of survey interval unit results taken into account in the construction, deposition, and interval series partitioning in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for partitioning exploration stratum units in a high exploration degree area according to the invention.
In step 101, a target layer system partitioning scheme suitable for the exploration requirement of a basin or a pit is determined according to regional geological data and the evaluation result of the exploration current situation. For a high-exploration-degree area, the division of a geological stratification scheme is relatively mature, and a target stratification scheme suitable for the current exploration requirement is determined according to the analysis results of drilling, logging, earthquake and other data, exploration degree and cognition degree; the geological stratification is that a plurality of structural layers are divided according to the characteristics of deposition discontinuity, deformation deterioration, magma invasion and the like, and the structural layers are divided according to the exploration deployment requirement, and the structural layers are at most equal to three-level sequence in principle. According to the figure 2, the east-camp sunk stratum mainly comprises a hole shop group, a sand river street group, an east-camp group and a brada pottery group from bottom to top, wherein the sand river street group is divided into four subsections, namely a sand four subsection (comprising a sand four subsection upper subsection and a sand four subsection lower subsection), a sand three subsection (comprising a sand three subsection upper subsection, a sand three subsection middle subsection and a sand three subsection lower subsection), a sand two subsection and a sand one subsection. Different intervals have obvious differences on lithology and logging curves, and have certain differences in exploration degree and cognition degree. The flow proceeds to step 102.
And dividing a target layer exploration layer unit into examples, and selecting the sand-top-four subsections at this time. In step 102, a target stratum structure diagram is compiled, and structural lithofacies zones are divided according to the secondary zone control faults of target stratum development and the distribution of main sedimentary lithofacies; the tectonic facies zone is divided into zones by taking the secondary tectonic zone as a main line and considering the integrity of the sedimentary facies zone, and emphasizes the characteristics of the tectonic sedimentary control, sedimentary oil reservoir distribution and enrichment of the fractured basin. According to the second-order fault of the layer structure diagram, the Dongying cave is divided into structural rock facies zones such as a steep slope zone, a hollow zone, a gentle slope zone and the like, and the outer envelope line is the stratum pinch-out line or the boundary line of the adjacent region (figure 3). The flow proceeds to step 103.
In step 103, dividing a main three-level structural unit under structural control according to the distribution of three-level fractures, structural ridges and structural valleys in the structural lithofacies zone; structural ridges refer to the ridge lines of the positive structure formed due to the change in formation attitude; the formation valley refers to a valley land that runs in line with the formation line. According to the illustration in fig. 4, on the basis of the structural lithofacies zone division, three-level structural units are divided according to the structural ridges and the structural valleys (fig. 4). The flow proceeds to step 104.
In step 104, based on the drawn destination layer deposition phase diagram, the cell boundaries, i.e. the deposition cell boundaries, are divided according to the deposition system distribution (fig. 5). The flow proceeds to step 105.
In step 105, a planar distribution diagram of superposition of oil and gas reserves (proven reserves, controlled reserves and predicted reserves) and fluid pressure coefficients is compiled and drawn according to the types of oil reservoirs (structural types, lithological types, stratum types and buried mountains), oil and gas sources are analyzed, an oil and gas transportation and conduction system is analyzed, and oil and gas transportation and collection units controlled by the oil sources and transportation and conduction conditions are divided. The oil and gas gathering unit is an oil and gas gathering geological unit which has relatively definite oil and gas sources and transportation conditions and is mainly based on a certain type of oil reservoir (figure 6). The flow proceeds to step 106.
In step 106, the boundaries of the exploration layer units are determined comprehensively by superposing the partitions of the construction units, the deposition units and the fortune gathering units and combining the differences of the exploration fields and the deployment concept technical methods of different units. The exploration layer unit is a potential geological unit which is divided into a relatively uniform structural system, a deposition system and an oil and gas transportation and gathering system on the basis of two-level and three-level structural belts and comprehensively considering exploration degree and cognition degree in the same structural layer or structural sub-layer. On the basis of division of the Dongying cave construction unit, the deposition unit and the aggregation unit, the boundaries of the exploration layer units are comprehensively determined by considering the relative integrality of the construction and deposition system and the relative independence of the accumulation system (figure 7).
The method for dividing exploration layer units in the high exploration degree area is applied to divide and name exploration units of different target layers of basins or pits, and resource potential analysis, exploration field classification, exploration theory technology adaptability analysis, exploration result evaluation, exploration research and deployment evaluation are carried out according to the exploration layer units, so that the distribution of residual resources and the types of oil reservoirs on a plane are clearer, different layer formation factors and main control factors on a section are clearer, and the gas difference enrichment and key technology application and attack in space are more targeted. By dividing the exploration layer units and developing exploration research by taking the exploration layer units as basic units, the fine exploration and scientific management of a basin or a sunken mature exploration stage can be realized. The method for dividing the exploration layer units tightly combines exploration theory research and exploration practice, the exploration layer units divided by the method are beneficial to deepening and recognizing key elements of reserves in different strata of the exploration area and different areas, the differences and enrichment rules of reserves in different strata of the exploration area and different areas are clear, the operability is high, a new research and unit evaluation thought method is provided for old area exploration, and the method has important theoretical and practical significance for the whole mature exploration area in China and even the development of petroleum geological theory.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but other equivalents may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for dividing the exploration layer units in the high exploration degree area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining a target layer system partitioning scheme suitable for basin or pit exploration requirements according to regional geological data and an exploration current situation evaluation result;
step 2, compiling a target layer structure diagram, and dividing a target layer secondary structure lithofacies zone according to a secondary zone control fault and main sedimentary lithofacies distribution;
step 3, dividing a three-level construction unit controlled by construction according to the distribution of three-level fracture, construction ridge and construction valley in a target layer two-level construction lithofacies zone;
step 4, compiling a sedimentary facies plan and a reservoir thickness contour map, and dividing sedimentary unit boundaries controlled by lithofacies according to sedimentary facies and reservoir thickness distribution;
step 5, compiling a superposed plane distribution diagram of the oil-gas reserves and the fluid pressure coefficients found by the oil reservoir types, analyzing oil-gas sources, analyzing an oil-gas transportation and conduction system, and dividing oil-gas transportation and gathering units controlled by oil sources and transportation and conduction conditions;
step 6, superposing the construction unit, the deposition unit and the clustering unit partition map, mainly using the construction unit, and finally comprehensively determining the unit boundary of the exploration layer by combining the exploration fields of different units and the difference of the deployment idea technical method;
in the step 2, the tectonic facies zone is divided into zones by taking the secondary tectonic zone as a main line and considering the integrity of the sedimentary facies zone, and emphasizes the characteristics of the structure sedimentation control, the sedimentary reservoir control distribution and the enrichment of the fractured basin.
2. The method for partitioning exploration layer units in the high exploration degree area according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, a geological stratification partitioning scheme of a target layer suitable for current exploration requirements is determined for the high exploration degree area according to well drilling, well logging and seismic data and by combining combing evaluation of exploration current situations of different layer series; the geological stratification is to divide a plurality of structural layers according to the characteristics of deposition discontinuity, deformation deterioration and magma invasion, and to divide a target layer system according to the exploration deployment requirement, wherein the three-level sequence is at most.
3. The method for dividing exploration layer units in the high exploration degree area according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, a three-level structure unit controlled by a structure is divided according to the distribution of three-level fractures, structure ridges and structure valleys in a two-level structure lithofacies zone of a target layer; structural ridges refer to the ridge lines of the positive structure formed due to the change in formation attitude; the formation valley refers to a valley ground where the formation runs in line with the formation line.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, a sedimentary facies plan and a contour map of reservoir thickness are drawn, and boundaries of sedimentary units controlled by lithofacies are divided according to sedimentary facies boundaries and reservoir thickness distribution differences.
5. The method for partitioning exploration layer units in high exploration degree area according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, the oil reservoirs are classified into structural type, lithology type, stratum type and buried hill type, and the oil and gas reserves are found as exploration reserves, control reserves and prediction reserves; the oil and gas transportation and gathering unit is an oil and gas transportation and gathering geological unit which has definite oil and gas sources and transportation and conduction conditions and mainly takes a certain type of oil reservoir as a main part.
6. The method for partitioning exploration layer units in high exploration degree areas according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the exploration layer units are potential geological units which are partitioned to have relatively uniform structural systems, deposition systems and oil and gas migration and accumulation systems on the basis of two-level and three-level structural zones and comprehensively consider exploration degrees and cognition degrees in the same structural layer or structural sub-layer; on the basis of the division of the construction unit, the deposition unit and the gathering unit, the boundary of the exploration layer unit is comprehensively determined by considering the integrity of the construction and deposition system and the independence of the accumulation system.
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