CN111429295B - Deep sea water course reservoir structure unit level division system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a deep water channel reservoir structure unit level division system, which comprises the following parts: (1) configuration unit order: dividing the scale into 1-11 grades from small to large; (2) type of configuration unit: the 1-level unit is in a micro-scale configuration; the level 2 unit is a vein layer; the 3-level unit is a homogeneous section in a rock stratum; the 4-level unit is a rock stratum; the 5-level unit is a rock stratum group; the 6-level unit is a secondary water channel unit; the 7-level unit is a single water channel; the 8-level unit is a composite water channel; the 9-level unit is a composite water channel series; the 10-level unit is a water channel system; the 11-level unit is a water channel system series; (3) a conformational unit cause; (4) formation of a time span by a configuration unit; (5) configuration unit structure mode; (6) configuration unit interface characteristics and scale; and (7) identifying the data used by the underground structural units. The method can completely, scientifically, practically and uniformly divide the deep sea water channel reservoir stratum configuration level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development geology, in particular to a deep sea water channel reservoir structure unit grading system.
Background
The reservoir configuration is an advanced theory and technology for researching reservoir heterogeneity, which makes the reservoir configuration become a research hotspot and difficulty in the field of oil and gas field development geology at present. Since the distribution of the configuration units of small level is controlled by the configuration units of large level, the 'grading' is a precondition for carrying out reservoir configuration research. However, there may be significant differences in the order of reservoir configurations for different types of sediments, subject to many factors such as hydrokinetic conditions, sediment supply, and climatic conditions.
Throughout the progress of reservoir configuration grading at home and abroad, at present, research is mainly focused on continental facies deposition, particularly deposition of a meandering river, a braided river and a delta, and in recent years, the configuration grading of deposition bodies such as alluvial fans, fan delta and the like is also reported successively, but the reservoir configuration grading of deep sea water channel deposition bodies is only reported, and few researches have the following problems:
(1) Most configuration grading systems are too concentrated in identification and transverse comparison of small-scale deposition configuration unit features, so that the scheme can be applied to specific field outcrop, but is difficult to apply to underground oil and gas reservoirs, and the ground outcrop and the underground oil and gas reservoirs are difficult to realize analogy.
(2) The individual configuration level division system is provided based on seismic facies research and is limited by seismic vertical resolution, so that the scheme is too much concerned about large-scale deposition configuration unit information, and the refinement requirement of underground oil and gas reservoir development cannot be met.
(3) A small amount of modern sedimentary configuration level researches based on high-frequency seismic information cause difficulty in realizing analogy between modern sedimentary and underground oil and gas reservoirs due to the lack of causation power mechanism and time span concept.
(4) The existing configuration level division schemes lack micron-millimeter level microscale research, so that a level system is incomplete, and the practical applicability of the scheme in microscopic residual oil distribution research in the middle and later stages of oil and gas reservoir development is limited.
(5) Under the influence of diversity and complexity of deep sea water channels, configuration level division schemes proposed by different scholars have large difference, so that connotations such as unit level formation cause, time span, scale, configuration interface characteristics, configuration style, internal heterogeneous degree and the like of the same configuration are inconsistent, the development of the deep sea water channel reservoir configuration research subject direction is seriously restricted, and the geological basis for efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs is further limited.
In view of this, the invention of a complete, scientific, practical and unified deep sea water channel reservoir configuration level division system is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a deep-sea water channel reservoir configuration unit level dividing system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a deep-sea water channel reservoir structure unit level dividing system comprises the following parts:
(1) Order of configuration units
Dividing the deep water channel reservoir structure unit level into eleven levels, and sequentially setting the elementlevels from small to large as 1-11 levels, wherein the level 1 unit is a micro-scale structure, and the level 2-11 unit is a macro-scale structure; the 1-9 level unit is the research level of the development stage of the oil and gas reservoir, and the 10-11 level unit is the research level of the exploration stage;
(2) Type of configuration unit
The 1-level unit is in a micro-scale configuration; the level 2 unit is a stripe layer; the 3-level unit is a homogeneous section in a rock stratum; the 4-level unit is a rock stratum; the 5-level unit is a rock stratum group; the 6-stage unit is a secondary water channel unit; the 7-level unit is a single water channel; the 8-level unit is a composite water channel; the 9-level unit is a composite water channel series; the 10-level unit is a water channel system; the 11-level unit is a water channel system series.
(3) Constitutive unit cause
Based on the deep sea water channel deposition dynamics and the sequence stratigraphy principle, the cause of each level configuration unit of the deep sea water channel is determined;
(4) Formation of a time span by a profiled element
Defining the forming time span of each level of configuration units of the deep sea water channel based on the formation cause constraints of the deep sea water channel configuration units;
(5) Structural style and heterogeneity of configuration unit
Determining the structural style and the heterogeneity of the configuration units of each level of the deep sea water channel based on the comprehensive information of the configuration unit level, the configuration unit type, the configuration unit cause and the configuration unit forming time span;
(6) Configuration unit interface characteristics and scale
Based on global published scale data of the deep sea water channel, the thickness and width scale of each level of configuration units of the deep sea water channel are determined;
(7) Data for underground identification of construction units
And determining data used for identifying the deep seawater channel reservoir structure of different levels in the underground oil and gas reservoir range based on the configuration unit scale constraint.
Preferably, the level 1 unit is a micron-scale region with similar grain, gap filler, pore space, roar and the like in the stripe layer; the 2-stage unit is a millimeter-stage layer with similar sediment size fraction, components and color; the 3-level unit is a sediment particle size or sediment structure change section corresponding to a certain section of the Boma sequence or a high-density turbidity current section, and the reservoir in the 3-level unit is relatively homogeneous; the 4-level unit consists of a plurality of homogeneous layer sections with similar components, structures and deposition structures, and the granularity of the sediment inside the 4-level unit can be homogeneous or heterogeneous; the 5-stage unit is formed by vertically stacking a plurality of coarse-grained rock formations with similar components, structures and deposition structures, and fine-grained mud rock formations can be clamped between the coarse-grained rock formations and the coarse-grained mud rock formations; the 6-stage unit is composed of a plurality of sets of layer sequences which are vertically overlapped and have connected causes, the flow paths of the 6-stage unit are the same, and the unit is in a water channel shape; the 7-stage unit consists of a plurality of vertically superposed secondary water channel units; the 8-level unit consists of a plurality of single water channels, and the boundary of the composite water channel can develop a large erosion surface; the 9-level unit consists of a plurality of composite water channels; the 10-level unit consists of a plurality of composite water channel series; the 11-level unit consists of a plurality of water channel systems.
Preferably, the configuration unit causes are in particular: the 1-level unit is a product formed by uniformly accumulating sediment particles after the sand-carrying fluid is unloaded under the same hydrodynamic condition; the 2-stage unit is the product of the same hydrodynamic condition flow regime in a single gravity flow fluid type; a 3-stage unit is the product of a single gravity flow fluid type in a certain deposition event; a level 4 cell is the product of a deposition event; a stage 5 unit is the product of a series of deposition events with generally similar fluid energy; stage 6 units are the product of a series of deposition events that are regularly varied in fluid energy; a 7-stage unit is the product of a series of deposition events with progressive changes in fluid energy; the 8-level cell has a spin-back event as the master; the level 9 unit is mainly caused by the different convolution event; level 10 elements are causes of heterogyric events; stage 11 units are regional structures-the cause of formation gyroids.
Preferably, the configuration unit formation time span is in particular: the time span of the 1-level unit is several seconds to several minutes, the time span of the 2-level unit is several minutes to several tens of minutes, the time span of the 3-level unit is several minutes to several hours, the time span of the 4-level unit is several days, the time span of the 5-level unit is several days to 10y, the time span of the 6-level unit is 10 to 100y, the time span of the 7-level unit is 0.1 to 1kyr, the time span of the 8-level unit is 1 to 10kyr, the time span of the 9-level unit is 10 to 100kyr, the time span of the 10-level unit is 0.1 to 1myr, and the time span of the 11-level unit is 1 to 10myr.
Preferably, the unit configuration structure style and the heterogeneity are specifically as follows:
the grade 1 unit is divided into pore heterogeneity, particle heterogeneity and filler heterogeneity;
the 2-level unit is divided into a flat shape, a wavy shape, a curved shape, a lenticular shape and an irregular shape, and the macroscopic heterogeneity inside the 2-level unit is relatively weak, but the microscopic heterogeneity is strong;
the 3-level unit corresponds to a certain section of a Boma sequence, a Low sequence and a Stow sequence according to the change condition of fluid energy, and the macroscopic heterogeneity inside the 3-level unit is weak;
the 4-level unit is divided into a slumped rock phase, a sandy debris flow phase, an ultrahigh-density flow phase, a high-density turbidity flow phase, a Low-density turbidity flow phase and deep-sea semi-ocean sediment, corresponds to a complete or partial sediment sequence of a Boma sequence, a Low sequence and a Stow sequence, and has weak macroscopic heterogeneity of an internal reservoir;
the class 5 units are divided into two categories: (1) a plurality of single rhythm and/or blocky sand bodies are vertically superposed, thin-layer mudstone can be clamped between the single rhythm and/or blocky sand bodies, the thin-layer mudstone mainly develops at the main body part of the water channel, and the blocky sand bodies mainly comprise thick layers and middle layers; (2) a plurality of single rhythm or blocky sand bodies II and mudstone interbeddes frequently grow at the edge of the water channel; the macroscopic heterogeneity of the internal reservoir is relatively weak, and the second block-shaped sand body is mainly a middle layer and a thin layer;
the class 6 units are divided into two categories: (1) the large lens body is formed by superposing a horizontal layered rock stratum series formed by fluid through vertical additive effect, and the sand body is quenched in an overtopping or converging manner from the main body of the water channel to the edge of the water channel; (2) the large wedge body is formed by stacking rock stratum series formed by fluid through lateral or vertical additive action, the lower part of the wedge body is a permeable sand body, and is covered with non-permeable rock stratums such as argillaceous fine particle deposition or marmite and the like, and the non-permeable rock stratums have different thicknesses under different deposition environments and can be completely eroded by subsequent fluid; the lithofacies in the reservoir can be regularly and gradually changed from the axial edge of the water channel shaft to the top from the bottom of the water channel, and the heterogeneity of the reservoir is mainly based on plane difference;
the level 7 units are divided into five categories: (1) a lamellar filling type, (2) a bundle filling type; (3) a side-stacking type, (4) a cutting and stacking type, (5) a block filling type; the internal lithofacies of the reservoir can be regularly and gradually changed from the axial edge of the water channel shaft to the top from the bottom of the water channel, the macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir is strong, and the seepage difference between rock stratums is taken as the main point;
the 8-stage units are divided into three categories: (1) discrete type, (2) splicing type, (3) compact type; the non-equal height vertical cutting and disorder cutting and overlapping two types of composite water channels are provided with multiple growing large erosion surfaces at the boundary so as to ensure that gravity flow fluid flows along the same flow path for a long time; the equal elevation lateral cutting and vertical cutting and overlapping composite water channels respectively correspond to the section expression forms of the same high-curvature composite water channel at the non-limiting and limiting landform positions; seepage barriers or seepage differences can exist at the splicing positions of the single water channels in the units, and the macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir is strong;
the 9-stage units are divided into three categories: (1) discrete type, (2) splicing type, (3) compact type; seepage barriers or seepage differences can exist at the splicing positions of the single composite water channels in the units, and the macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir is strong;
the 10-level units are divided into three types of restrictive, semi-restrictive and non-restrictive, and the heterogeneity of the internal reservoir is strong;
the 11-level units are divided into sand-rich type, mud-rich type and sand-mud mixed type water channel systems, and the water channel systems are separated and blocked by thick-layer mudstones.
Preferably, the configuration unit interface features and scales are specifically as follows:
the 1-level unit is in a micro-configuration and belongs to a micron-scale;
the 2-stage units have different thicknesses ranging from millimeters to centimeters and lateral widths ranging from centimeters to meters;
the 3-level units have different thicknesses ranging from several centimeters to tens of centimeters and lateral widths ranging from tens of meters to hundreds of meters;
the top and bottom of the 4-level unit are bound by a small erosion surface or an area, the thickness is different, the thickness can be a thin layer smaller than 10cm or a thick layer larger than 100cm, and the lateral width is between dozens of meters and hundreds of meters;
the top and the bottom of the 5-level unit are bound by a small erosion surface or an area, the thickness is in the order of several meters, and the lateral width is between dozens of meters and hundreds of meters;
the top and bottom of the 6-level unit are bound by an erosion surface or an area, the thickness is several meters to dozens of meters, and the lateral width is between dozens of meters and hundreds of meters;
the bottom of the 7-level unit is usually bound by a large erosion surface, the top of the 7-level unit is subjected to multi-development argillaceous fine particle deposition under the condition of not being eroded, the 7-level unit corresponds to the ultra-short-term rotation of Cross, the thickness of the 7-level unit is several meters to several tens of meters, and the lateral width of the 7-level unit is between several tens of meters and several hundreds of meters;
the bottom of the 8-level unit can develop a large erosion surface, which corresponds to the 5-level sequence of Vail and the short-term convolution of Cross, the thickness is ten meters, and the lateral width is hundreds to thousands of meters;
the bottom of a 9-level unit usually develops a large erosion surface, the top of the 9-level unit is thick-layer deep sea fine grain sediment, which indicates that the activity of a water channel system is temporarily stopped, the 9-level unit can be directly compared with a low-level system region of a sediment sequence, corresponds to a 4-level sequence of Vail and a middle-stage cycle of Cross, and has the thickness of tens of meters to hundreds of meters and the lateral width of hundreds of meters to thousands of meters;
the bottom of the 10-grade unit usually develops a huge erosion surface, the top develops a thick-layer deep-sea fine-grain sediment which is a product of a sea erosion or high-level system domain and corresponds to the 3-grade sequence of Vail and the long-term convolution of Cross; the thickness is tens to hundreds of meters, the lateral width is thousands of meters, and the tracking and comparison can be carried out within the basin range;
the top/bottom of the 11-level unit usually develops a large-area distributed non-integration surface, corresponds to the 2-level sequence of Vail and the ultra-long-term rotation of Cross, has the thickness of hundreds of meters and the lateral width of thousands to tens of thousands of meters, and can be tracked and compared in the basin range.
Preferably, the 7-stage unit has a thickness of 10-50m and a lateral width of 100-500m; the thickness of the 8-stage unit is 20-80m, and the lateral width is 500-1000m; the thickness of the 9-level unit is 40-100m, and the lateral width is 1000-5000m; the thickness of the 10-grade unit is 100-300m.
Preferably, the data used for underground identification of the configuration unit is specifically: stage 1 units were studied under microscope; identifying the 2-3 level units on the rock core; the 4-level unit is identified by a rock core, and can also be identified by logging information when the thickness is more than 0.5 m; the 5-6 level unit is identified by logging data; identifying the 7-level unit through shallow high-frequency seismic data; and the 8-11 level units are characterized by conventional seismic data of a deep oil reservoir range.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention constructs a complete deep-sea water channel configuration unit level, forms a standard and uniform configuration unit type, defines scientific and reasonable configuration unit cause and time span thereof, provides practical configuration unit interface characteristics, structural style, scale and data used for underground identification, and further realizes the analogy between modern sedimentation and ancient sedimentation of deep-sea water channels and between ground outcrops and underground oil and gas reservoirs so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a deep water channel reservoir configuration unit level partitioning system according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a microscale configuration, a level 1 configuration unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a stripe layer-level 2 configuration unit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a level 3 configuration unit of a layer system (homogeneous section in a formation);
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a formation-4-stage configuration unit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a formation group-5 level configuration unit;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a secondary channel unit, a level 6 configuration unit;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a single channel, stage 7 configuration unit;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a composite flume-8 stage configuration unit;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a discrete composite waterway series-9-stage configuration unit;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a spliced composite waterway series-9-level configuration unit;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a compact composite channel series-9-stage configuration unit;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a channel system-10 stage configuration unit;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a channel system series-11-stage configuration unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and the technical features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "including" or "comprising" and the like in this disclosure is intended to mean that the elements or items listed before that word, and equivalents thereof, are included without exclusion of other elements or items. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
The invention provides a deep sea water channel reservoir structure unit level dividing system, which comprises the following parts:
(1) Order of configuration units
According to the characteristics of a deep sea deposition environment, comprehensively utilizing multi-dimensional, multi-time domain and multi-scale information such as field outcrop, shallow high-frequency earthquake, deep oil and gas reservoir well-seismic union, microscopic mirror and the like, dividing the deep sea water channel reservoir structure unit level into eleven levels, and sequentially arranging the elementfrom small to large in scale into 1-11 levels, wherein the 1 level unit is a micro-scale structure, and the 2-11 level unit is a macro-scale structure; the 1-9 level unit is the research level of the development stage of the oil and gas reservoir, and the 10-11 level unit is the research level of the exploration stage. The configuration unit level division can realize the analogy between the ground outcrop and the underground oil and gas reservoir, realize the fusion of a macroscopic configuration and a microscopic configuration and ensure the integrity of the configuration unit level.
(2) Type of configuration unit
Under the influence of the variability of the types of deposition mechanisms, the structure of a deep-sea water channel reservoir stratum is complex and variable, and the lack of systematicness in the current deep-sea water channel reservoir stratum configuration research results in the fact that multiple terms exist in the same configuration unit type, different configuration unit types can be expressed by the same term, and the problem that the configuration connotation cannot be reflected by the word existence of individual terms. The configuration unit types are specifically:
the grade 2 unit is a striated layer, a millimeter-sized layer of similar sediment size fraction, composition and color (fig. 3);
the 3-level unit is a homogeneous section (series of layers) in the rock stratum, a sediment particle size or deposition structure change section, a certain section (such as Ta, tb or Tc shown in figure 4) of a Boma sequence or a high-density turbidity current section (such as S1, S2 or R1) but is often difficult to identify in a massive deposition unit (such as conglomerate and debris flow), and the reservoir inside the homogeneous deposition unit is relatively homogeneous;
the 4-level unit is a rock stratum and consists of a plurality of homogeneous intervals with similar components, structures and deposition structures (figure 5), and the granularity of sediments in the homogeneous intervals can be homogeneous or heterogeneous;
the 5-level unit is a rock stratum group and is formed by vertically stacking a plurality of coarse rock stratums (Bed) with similar components, structures and deposition structures, and fine mud rock stratums can be clamped between the coarse rock stratums (figure 6);
the 6-stage unit is a secondary water channel unit and is composed of a plurality of sets of vertically superposed layer sequences (bed sets) with connected causes, the flow paths of the units are the same, and the units are in a water channel shape (figure 7);
the 7-stage unit is a single channel, consisting of multiple vertically stacked secondary channel units (fig. 8), which is the result of short-term sea level changes or tectonic activities, recording erosion, passage, filling and abandonment (or overflow) deposition processes;
the 8-level unit is a composite water channel and consists of a plurality of single water channels (figure 9), the control of local landforms on the water channel deposition process is mainly recorded, and a large erosion surface can be developed on the boundary of the composite water channel;
the 9-level unit is a composite water channel series which consists of a plurality of composite water channels (figures 10-12) and mainly records the control of small-scale different-cycle actions such as local structure motions (such as fault activity or fold formation caused by bottom cleavage) and the like on the water channel deposition process;
the 10-level unit is a water channel system and consists of a plurality of composite water channel series (figure 13), and the control of large-scale different gyrus effects such as long-term change relative to the sea level, regional structure movement and the like on the water channel deposition process is mainly recorded;
the 11-level unit is a water channel system series and consists of a plurality of water channel systems (figure 14), and the control of large-scale different-rotation effects such as 2-level sea level change, regional structure movement and the like on the water channel deposition process is recorded.
(3) Cause of configurational unit
The reason for clearing the unit of each grade configuration is the key for ensuring the scientificity of grade division. The method is based on the deep sea water channel sedimentary dynamics and the sequence stratigraphy principle, the cause of each level of configuration units is determined, the sedimentary evolution process of each level of configuration units and each level of geological events experienced by the units can be inverted, the analogy between modern sedimentation and ancient sedimentation is realized, and the scientificity of the configuration unit level division is ensured. The causes of each configuration unit are specifically:
the 1-level unit is a product formed by uniformly accumulating sediment particles after the sand-carrying fluid is unloaded under the same hydrodynamic condition; stage 2 units are the product of the same hydrodynamic condition flow regime in a single gravity flow fluid type; a 3-stage unit is the product of a single gravity flow fluid type in a certain deposition event; a level 4 cell is the product of a deposition event; a stage 5 unit is the product of a series of deposition events with generally similar fluid energy; a class 6 unit is the product of a series of deposition events that are regularly changed (enhanced or diminished) by fluid energy; a 7-stage unit is the product of a series of deposition events with progressive changes in fluid energy (typically increasing and then decreasing); the 8-level cell is dominated by the spin-back event; the level 9 unit is mainly caused by the different convolution event; level 10 elements are causes of heterogyric events; stage 11 units are regional structures-the cause of formation gyroids.
(4) Formation of a time span by a profiled element
Due to the influence of the difference of the causes, the forming time span of each level of allosteric type unit also has difference. The method is based on the deep sea water channel configuration unit cause constraint, and the forming time span of each level of configuration unit is determined, so that on one hand, the level of the configuration unit can be estimated according to the actual measurement time of the underground stratum, on the other hand, the forming time span of each level of sediment body can be roughly reversely deduced according to the level of the underground configuration unit, the analogy between modern sediment and ancient sediment is realized, and the scientificity of the configuration unit level division is ensured. The time span formed by each configuration unit is specifically as follows:
the time span of the 1-level unit is several seconds to several minutes, the time span of the 2-level unit is several minutes to several tens of minutes, the time span of the 3-level unit is several minutes to several hours, the time span of the 4-level unit is several days, the time span of the 5-level unit is several days to 10y, the time span of the 6-level unit is 10 to 100y, the time span of the 7-level unit is 0.1 to 1kyr, the time span of the 8-level unit is 1 to 10kyr, the time span of the 9-level unit is 10 to 100kyr, the time span of the 10-level unit is 0.1 to 1myr, and the time span of the 11-level unit is 1 to 10myr.
(5) Determining structural style and heterogeneity of configuration unit
The structural style of the configuration unit determines the seepage barriers and the seepage difference spatial distribution of all levels of sediments, and the configuration unit has important practical significance for the oil-gas reservoir forming conditions, the efficient development of the oil-gas reservoir and the improvement of the recovery ratio. Based on the multi-dimension, multi-time domain and multi-scale comprehensive information, the invention defines the structure style of the deep water channel hierarchical configuration unit, thereby providing a standard (including ground outcrop and underground oil and gas reservoir research) for judging the configuration unit hierarchical attribution on one hand, providing reference and constraint for knowing the heterogeneity of all levels of reservoirs of the deep water channel on the other hand, realizing the analogy between the ground outcrop and the underground oil and gas reservoir, and between modern deposition and ancient deposition, and ensuring the practicability of the configuration unit hierarchical. The structural style and the heterogeneity of each configuration unit are as follows:
pore-scale heterogeneity in class 1 units due to differences in rock structure and mineral characteristics (fig. 2) can be classified as pore heterogeneity, grain heterogeneity, and interstitial heterogeneity.
The 2-stage unit can be divided into a flat shape, a wave shape, a curved shape, a lens shape, an irregular shape and the like (figure 3) according to the morphological characteristics of the texture layer, and the macroscopic heterogeneity inside the unit is relatively weak, but the microscopic heterogeneity is strong.
The 3-stage unit can be corresponding to a certain section of Boma sequence (middle particle turbinate), low sequence (coarse particle turbinate) and Stow sequence (fine particle turbinate) such as Ta, tb or Tc (figure 4) according to the change of the fluid energy, and the macro-heterogeneity inside the unit is weaker.
The 4-level unit can be divided into a collapse lithofacies, a sandy clastic flow phase, an ultrahigh density flow phase, a high density turbidity flow phase, a Low density turbidity flow phase, a deep sea semi-ocean sediment and the like (figure 5) according to the cause type of the sedimentary event, and corresponds to a complete or partial sedimentary sequence of a Boma sequence (medium granular turbinate), a Low sequence (coarse granular turbinate) and a Stow sequence (fine granular turbinate), and the macroscopic heterogeneity of an internal reservoir is weak.
The level 5 units can be classified into two categories as shown in fig. 6 according to the cause type: (1) multiple single rhythm or (and) massive sand bodies (mainly thick layer and middle layer) are vertically stacked, thin layer mudstone is sandwiched between the sand bodies, and the thin layer mudstone mainly develops at the water channel main body; (2) a plurality of single rhythm or block sand bodies (mainly middle layers and thin layers) and mudstone interbedded layers grow on the edge of the water channel frequently; the macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir inside the device is relatively weak.
The level 6 cells can be classified into two types as shown in fig. 7 according to the cause type: (1) the large lens body is formed by superposing horizontal layered rock strata series formed by fluid through vertical additive effect, and sand bodies are extinguished in an overthrow or convergent manner from the main body of the water channel to the edge of the water channel; (2) the large wedge body is formed by stacking rock stratum series formed by fluid through lateral or vertical additive action, the lower part of the wedge body is generally a permeable sand body, and is covered with non-permeable rock stratums such as argillaceous fine particle sediment or mudstone and the like, and the non-permeable rock stratums have different thicknesses under different sediment environments and can be completely eroded by subsequent fluid; the lithofacies in the reservoir can be regularly and gradually changed from the axial edge of the water channel shaft to the top from the bottom of the water channel, and the heterogeneity of the reservoir is mainly based on plane difference.
The 7-stage unit can be classified into five types as shown in fig. 8 according to filling form characteristics: (1) layered filling type (layered), and (2) bundled filling type (converted); (3) a side-stacking type (LAP), (4) a cut-and-stack type (Amaglanate), (5) a bulk-packed type; the internal lithofacies of the reservoir can be regularly and gradually changed from the axial edge of the water channel shaft to the top from the bottom of the water channel, the macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir is strong, and the seepage difference between rock stratums is taken as the main point.
The 8-stage units are classified into three main categories as shown in fig. 9 according to the stacking pattern of the single water channels therein: (1) discrete type, (2) spliced type, (3) compact type; the non-equal height vertical cutting and disorder cutting and overlapping two types of composite water channels are provided with multiple growing large erosion surfaces at the boundary so as to ensure that gravity flow fluid flows along the same flow path for a long time; the equal elevation lateral cutting and vertical cutting and stacking composite water channels can respectively correspond to the section expression forms of the same high-camber composite water channel at the non-limiting and limiting landform positions; seepage barriers or seepage differences can exist at the splicing positions of the single water channels in the units, and the macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir is strong.
The 9-stage units can be classified into three main categories as shown in fig. 10-12 according to the stacking pattern of the composite water channels therein: (1) discrete type, (2) splicing type, (3) compact type; seepage barriers or seepage differences can exist at the splicing positions of the single composite water channels in the units, and the macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir is strong.
The class 10 cells can be subdivided into three categories, limiting, semi-limiting and non-limiting (figure 13), according to the degree of limitation, and their internal reservoir heterogeneity is strong, even in the hundreds of meters range, where porosity and permeability can vary greatly.
The 11-level units can be divided into sand-rich type, mud-rich type and sand-mud mixed type water channel systems (figure 14) according to the construction activity, the material source supply capacity and the like, and the water channel systems are separated and blocked by thick-layer mudstone.
(6) Determining configuration unit interface characteristics and scale
The scale of the configuration unit is an important basis for determining research targets of each stage of underground oil and gas reservoir exploration and development. The method is based on global published deep sea water channel scale data, and the thickness and width scale of each level of configuration units of the deep sea water channel are determined, so that on one hand, another standard (including ground outcrop and underground oil and gas reservoir research) can be provided for judging the level attribution of the configuration units, on the other hand, the method is beneficial to clearing a research target body of each exploration and development stage of the oil and gas reservoir, the analogy between the ground outcrop and the underground oil and gas reservoir and between modern deposition and ancient deposition is realized, and the practicability of the level of the configuration units is ensured. The interface characteristics and scale of each configuration unit are as follows:
the 1-level unit is in a micro configuration and belongs to a micron-scale.
The 2-stage units are of varying thickness, typically between millimeters and centimeters, and typically have lateral widths between centimeters and meters.
The 3-stage units have different thicknesses, generally ranging from several centimeters to tens of centimeters, and lateral widths generally ranging from tens of meters to hundreds of meters.
The top and bottom of the 4-level unit are bound by a small erosion surface or an area, the thickness is different, the thickness can be a thin layer (< 10 cm) or a thick layer (> 100 cm), and the lateral width is between tens of meters and hundreds of meters.
The top and bottom of the 5-level unit are bound by a small erosion surface or an area, the thickness is in the order of several meters, and the lateral width is between tens and hundreds of meters.
The top and bottom of the 6-level unit are usually bounded by the erosion or deposition surface, and have a thickness of several meters to several tens of meters and a lateral width of between several tens of meters and several hundreds of meters.
The 7-stage unit is usually bounded at the bottom by a large erosion surface, and at the top by a more developed argillaceous fines deposit without erosion, corresponding to the ultrashort-term gyre (chronological period) of Cross, with a thickness of several meters to several tens of meters, generally 10-50 meters, and a lateral width of between several tens to several hundreds of meters, generally several hundreds of meters (in particular 100-500 m).
The bottom of the 8-level unit can develop a large erosion surface, corresponds to the 5-level sequence of Vail and the short-term gyrus (eccentricity short period) of Cross, has the thickness of tens of meters, mainly 20-80 meters, and has the lateral width of hundreds-thousands of meters, and generally has the lateral width of hundreds of meters (particularly 500-1000 m).
The bottom of the 9-stage unit usually develops a large erosion surface, the top is thick-layer deep sea fine grain sediment, which indicates that the activity of the water channel system is temporarily stopped, and the stage unit can be directly compared with a low-level system region of a deposition sequence, and corresponds to the 4-stage sequence of Vail and the middle cycle of Cross (eccentricity long period); it has a thickness of tens to hundreds of meters, mainly 40 to 100 meters, and a lateral width of hundreds to thousands of meters, usually many thousands of meters (particularly 1000 to 5000 m).
The bottom of the 10-grade unit usually develops a huge erosion surface (non-integration surface), the top develops a thick-layer deep sea fine grain sediment which is a sea erosion or high-level system domain product and corresponds to the 3-grade sequence of Vail and the long-term convolution of Cross; the thickness of the device is tens to hundreds of meters, the device is mainly 100 to 300m, the lateral width is generally thousands of meters, and tracking and comparison can be carried out in the basin range.
The top/bottom of the 11-level unit usually develops a large-area distributed unconformity surface (cut), corresponds to the 2-level sequence of Vail and the ultra-long-term cycle of Cross, has a thickness of hundreds of meters and a lateral width of thousands to tens of thousands of meters, and can be tracked and compared in a basin range.
(7) Determining data for underground identification of configuration units
Based on the scale constraint of the configuration unit, the method defines the data used for identifying the deep sea water channel reservoir structure of different levels in the underground oil and gas reservoir range, including rock core, well logging, conventional three-dimensional earthquake, three-dimensional earthquake under salt and the like, and ensures the practicability of the configuration unit grading system.
The 1-level unit is in a micro scale and can be researched only under a microscope; the 2-3 level units are limited by small scale and can only be identified on the rock core; the 4-level unit is also limited by small dimension, is difficult to be identified by conventional seismic data, is generally identified by a rock core, and can also be identified by logging data when the thickness is more than 0.5 m; the 5-6 level units are limited by scale, are difficult to identify by conventional seismic data and are generally identified by logging data; the 7-level unit can be generally identified by shallow high-frequency seismic data, but is difficult to carve by conventional seismic data in the deep reservoir range; the 8-level unit can be generally characterized by conventional seismic data of a deep reservoir range, but the seismic data of the reservoir under salt is generally difficult to distinguish the level unit before being processed; the 9-level unit can be generally characterized by using conventional seismic data of a deep reservoir range, and the seismic data of the reservoir under salt can be distinguished; the 10-level unit can be generally characterized by using conventional seismic data of a deep oil reservoir range; the 11-level cell can be clearly characterized by conventional seismic data of deep reservoir range.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A deep-sea water channel reservoir structure unit grading system is characterized by comprising the following parts:
(1) Order of configuration units
According to the characteristics of a deep sea deposition environment, comprehensively utilizing field outcrop, shallow layer high-frequency earthquake, deep layer oil and gas reservoir well earthquake combination, multi-dimension, multi-time domain and multi-scale information under a microscope, dividing the deep sea water channel reservoir structure unit level into eleven levels, and sequentially arranging 1-11 levels from small to large according to the scale, wherein the 1 level unit is a micro-scale structure, and the 2-11 level unit is a macro-scale structure; the 1-9 level unit is the research level of the development stage of the oil and gas reservoir, and the 10-11 level unit is the research level of the exploration stage;
(2) Type of construction unit
The 1-level unit is in a micro-scale configuration; the level 2 unit is a stripe layer; the 3-level unit is a homogeneous section in a rock stratum; the 4-level unit is a rock stratum; the 5-level unit is a rock stratum group; the 6-level unit is a secondary water channel unit; the 7-level unit is a single water channel; the 8-level unit is a composite water channel; the 9-level unit is a composite water channel series; the 10-level unit is a water channel system; the 11-level unit is a water channel system series;
(3) Constitutive unit cause
Based on the deep sea water channel deposition dynamics and the sequence stratigraphy principle, the cause of each level configuration unit of the deep sea water channel is determined;
(4) Formation of a time span by a profiled element
Based on the deep sea water channel configuration unit cause constraint, defining the forming time span of each level configuration unit of the deep sea water channel;
(5) Structural style and heterogeneity of configuration unit
Determining the structural style and the heterogeneity of the configuration units of each level of the deep sea water channel based on the comprehensive information of the configuration unit level, the configuration unit type, the configuration unit cause and the configuration unit forming time span; determining a deep water channel hierarchical configuration unit structure mode based on the multi-dimensional, multi-time domain and multi-scale comprehensive information in the step (1); the structural style and the heterogeneity of the configuration unit are specifically as follows:
the level 1 unit is divided into pore heterogeneity, particle heterogeneity and filler heterogeneity;
the 2-level unit is divided into a flat shape, a wavy shape, a curved shape, a lenticular shape and an irregular shape, and the macroscopic heterogeneity inside the 2-level unit is relatively weak, but the microscopic heterogeneity is strong;
the 3-level unit corresponds to a certain section of a Boma sequence, a Low sequence and a Stow sequence according to the change condition of the fluid energy, and the internal macroscopic heterogeneity of the 3-level unit is weaker;
the 4-level unit is divided into a slumped rock phase, a sandy debris flow phase, an ultrahigh-density flow phase, a high-density turbidity flow phase, a Low-density turbidity flow phase and deep-sea semi-ocean sediment, corresponds to a complete or partial sediment sequence of a Boma sequence, a Low sequence and a Stow sequence, and has weak macroscopic heterogeneity of an internal reservoir;
the class 5 units are divided into two categories: (1) a plurality of single rhythm and/or blocky sand bodies are vertically superposed, thin-layer mudstone can be clamped between the single rhythm and/or blocky sand bodies, the thin-layer mudstone mainly develops at the main body part of the water channel, and the blocky sand bodies mainly comprise thick layers and middle layers; (2) a plurality of single rhythm or blocky sand bodies II and mudstone interbeddes frequently grow at the edge of the water channel; the macroscopic heterogeneity of the internal reservoir is relatively weak, and the second block-shaped sand body is mainly a middle layer and a thin layer;
the class 6 units are divided into two categories: (1) the large lens body is formed by superposing a horizontal layered rock stratum series formed by fluid through vertical additive effect, and the sand body is quenched in an overtopping or converging manner from the main body of the water channel to the edge of the water channel; (2) the large wedge body is formed by stacking rock strata series formed by fluid through lateral or vertical additive action, the lower part of the wedge body is a permeable sand body, and the non-permeable rock strata are covered with argillaceous fine particle deposition or mudstone; the internal lithofacies of the reservoir can be regularly and gradually changed from the axial edge of the water channel shaft to the top from the bottom of the water channel, and the heterogeneity of the reservoir is mainly based on plane difference;
the level 7 units are divided into five categories: (1) a lamellar filling type, (2) a bundle filling type; (3) a side-stacking type, (4) a cutting and stacking type, (5) a block filling type; the internal lithofacies of the reservoir can be regularly and gradually changed from the axial edge of the water channel shaft to the top from the bottom of the water channel, the macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir is strong, and the difference of seepage among strata of the rock stratum is taken as the main point;
the 8-level units are divided into three categories: (1) discrete type, (2) splicing type, (3) compact type; the non-equal height vertical cutting and disorder cutting and overlapping two types of composite water channels are provided with multiple growing large erosion surfaces at the boundary so as to ensure that gravity flow fluid flows along the same flow path for a long time; the equal elevation lateral cutting and vertical cutting and folding composite water channels respectively correspond to the section expression forms of the same high-camber composite water channel at the non-limiting and limiting landform positions; seepage barriers or seepage differences can exist at the splicing positions of the single water channels in the units, and the macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir is strong;
the 9-stage units are divided into three categories: (1) discrete type, (2) spliced type, (3) compact type; seepage barriers or seepage differences can exist at the splicing positions of the single composite water channels in the units, and the macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir is strong;
the 10-level unit is divided into three types of restriction, semi-restriction and non-restriction, and the heterogeneity of an internal reservoir is strong;
the 11-level units are divided into water channel systems of sand-rich type, mud-rich type and sand-mud mixed type, and the water channel systems are separated and blocked by thick-layer mudstone;
(6) Configuration unit interface characteristics and scale
Based on global published scale data of the deep sea water channel, the thickness and width scale of each level of configuration units of the deep sea water channel are determined;
(7) Data for underground identification of construction units
Based on the configuration unit scale constraint, determining data used for identifying the deep seawater channel reservoir structure of different levels in the underground oil and gas reservoir range; the data used for underground identification of the configuration units are specifically as follows: stage 1 units were studied under microscope; identifying the 2-3 level units on the rock core; the 4-level unit is identified by a rock core, and can also be identified by logging information when the thickness is more than 0.5 m; the 5-6 level units are identified by logging information; identifying the 7-level unit through shallow high-frequency seismic data; and the 8-11 level units are characterized by conventional seismic data of a deep oil reservoir range.
2. The deepwater waterway reservoir configuration unit grading system of claim 1, wherein the grade 1 units are micron-scale regions with similar grain, interstitials, pores and roars inside streaks; the 2-stage unit is a millimeter-stage layer with similar sediment size fraction, components and color; the 3-level unit is a sediment particle size or sediment structure change section corresponding to a certain section of the Boma sequence or a high-density turbidity current section, and the reservoir in the 3-level unit is relatively homogeneous; the 4-level unit consists of a plurality of homogeneous layer sections with similar components, structures and deposition structures, and the granularity of the sediment inside the 4-level unit can be homogeneous or heterogeneous; the 5-stage unit is formed by vertically stacking a plurality of coarse-grained rock formations with similar components, structures and deposition structures, and fine-grained mud rock formations can be clamped between the coarse-grained rock formations and the coarse-grained mud rock formations; the 6-stage unit consists of a plurality of sets of layer sequences which are vertically superposed and connected in cause, the flow paths of the layer sequences are the same, and the layer sequences are in a water channel shape; the 7-stage unit consists of a plurality of vertically superposed secondary water channel units; the 8-level unit consists of a plurality of single water channels, and the boundary of the composite water channel can develop a large erosion surface; the 9-level unit consists of a plurality of composite water channels; the 10-level unit consists of a plurality of composite water channel series; the 11-level unit consists of a plurality of water channel systems.
3. The deepwater waterway reservoir configuration unit grading system of claim 1, wherein the configuration unit causes are specifically: the 1-level unit is a product formed by uniformly accumulating sediment particles after the sand-carrying fluid is unloaded under the same hydrodynamic condition; the 2-stage unit is the product of the same hydrodynamic condition flow regime in a single gravity flow fluid type; a 3-stage unit is the product of a single gravity flow fluid type in a certain deposition event; a level 4 unit is the product of one deposition event; a stage 5 unit is the product of a series of deposition events with generally similar fluid energy; a stage 6 unit is the product of a sequence of deposition events that are regularly varied in fluid energy; the 7-stage unit is the product of a series of deposition events with progressive changes in fluid energy; the 8-level cell has a spin-back event as the master; the 9-level unit is mainly caused by the different rotation event; level 10 units are the cause of heterogyric events; stage 11 units are regional structures-the cause of formation gyroids.
4. The deep water course reservoir configuration unit level subdivision system of claim 1, wherein the 7-level unit has a thickness of 10-50m and a lateral width of 100-500m; the thickness of the 8-level unit is 20-80m, and the lateral width is 500-1000m; the thickness of the 9-level unit is 40-100m, and the lateral width is 1000-5000m; the thickness of the 10-level unit is 100-300m.
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