CN109799780B - Workpiece size compensation method based on batch machining of numerical control machine tools - Google Patents

Workpiece size compensation method based on batch machining of numerical control machine tools Download PDF

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CN109799780B
CN109799780B CN201811382927.0A CN201811382927A CN109799780B CN 109799780 B CN109799780 B CN 109799780B CN 201811382927 A CN201811382927 A CN 201811382927A CN 109799780 B CN109799780 B CN 109799780B
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machining
matrix
workpiece
machine tool
processing
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CN109799780A (en
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汪华
杨祥
毛勖
徐建春
刘涛
晏洁
尹乐
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Wuhan Huazhong Cnc Ezhou Co ltd
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Wuhan Huazhong Numerical Control Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool machining, and particularly provides a workpiece size compensation method based on batch machining of a numerical control machine tool, which comprises the steps of correspondingly carrying out array division on a control panel of the numerical control machine tool and a machining area of the machine tool, carrying out statistical management on the divided areas, then clamping workpieces to be machined in each divided area, and carrying out local compensation aiming at the machining size errors of the workpieces in different areas, so that batch parts machined in each area of the machine tool can meet the requirement of size tolerance, and the machining accumulated errors caused by the assembly precision and abrasion of the machine tool are overcome; in addition, the workpieces to be processed are clamped in batches at one time, so that the time for loading and unloading the workpieces is greatly shortened, the production period is shortened, and the processing efficiency is improved.

Description

Workpiece size compensation method based on batch machining of numerical control machine tools
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool machining, and particularly relates to a workpiece size compensation method based on batch machining of numerical control machine tools.
Background
Along with the development of science and technology, wearable electronic products such as mobile phones, bluetooth earphones, VR glasses, medical care and the like have more and more powerful functions and higher integration level, and the industrial market has higher and higher requirements on the performance and the yield of high-precision machine tools.
Aiming at the processing of parts with small volume, large quantity and short cutting time, a quick-change tool is generally adopted to clamp dozens of hundreds of parts at a time, so that the time for loading and unloading the workpieces on the machine is shortened. The assembly precision of the machine tool and the abrasion condition after use often cause the change of linear positioning errors and straightness errors of all the shafts, so that the sizes of workpieces in different areas on one tool are different in form, the errors are different in size, the adjustment can be performed only by modifying program sections of parts in corresponding areas in a program, the operation is very troublesome, one machine tool is provided with one program, and the machine adjusting time and the defective rate are increased. If the space compensation is performed regularly by using the instrument, if a set of space error compensation of the three-axis machine tool comprises 21 errors, huge production cost is brought to the product, and the production delivery cycle is delayed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of large batch machining errors, large error and low efficiency of machine tools in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention provides a workpiece size compensation method based on batch processing of a numerical control machine tool, which comprises the following steps of:
the processing method comprises the following steps of carrying out array division on a processing area of a machine tool to form a plurality of matrix processing units, numbering the matrix processing units, and clamping a workpiece to be processed in each matrix processing unit;
acquiring the positioning coordinates of rows, columns and matrix processing units in the processing area;
and respectively carrying out local compensation on the machining dimension errors of the parts to be machined of each matrix machining unit.
Preferably, the size of the matrix processing unit and the distance between two adjacent matrix processing units are divided according to the size of the workpiece to be processed.
Preferably, each of the workpieces to be processed is clamped in the corresponding matrix processing unit through magnetic force adsorption, and a tool retracting allowance is reserved between every two adjacent workpieces to be processed.
Preferably, each matrix processing unit is provided with a corresponding coordinate zero point, and the coordinate of the workpiece in the corresponding matrix processing unit is set by the coordinate zero point.
Preferably, the step of dividing the machining area of the machine tool into a plurality of matrix machining units by an array and numbering specifically includes:
the machining areas of the machine tool are now divided and numbered, and then the machining areas are array-divided and numbered on a machine tool control panel, which corresponds to the actual machining area of the machine tool.
Preferably, the machining area of the machine tool is divided into a plurality of matrix machining units by an ink line or a pencil and numbered.
Preferably, the step of respectively and locally compensating for the machining dimension error of the workpiece to be machined of each matrix machining unit specifically includes:
after the processing of the to-be-processed workpiece of the previous matrix processing unit is finished, the cutter is automatically retracted to the coordinate zero point of the to-be-processed workpiece of the next to-be-processed matrix processing unit, and corresponding compensation is carried out on the to-be-processed workpiece of the to-be-processed matrix processing unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the workpiece size compensation method based on the batch processing of the numerical control machine tool provided by the invention has the advantages that the control panel of the numerical control machine tool and the processing area of the machine tool are correspondingly subjected to array division, the divided areas are subjected to statistical management, then workpieces to be processed are clamped in each divided area, and local compensation is carried out aiming at the processing size errors of the workpieces in different areas, so that the batch parts processed in each area of the machine tool can meet the requirement of size tolerance, and the processing accumulated error caused by the assembly precision and abrasion of the machine tool is overcome; in addition, the workpieces to be processed are clamped in batches at one time, so that the time for loading and unloading the workpieces is greatly shortened, the production period is shortened, and the processing efficiency is improved.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a workpiece size compensation method based on numerically controlled machine tool batch processing according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the workpiece size compensation method based on the numerical control machine batch processing of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The embodiment of the invention provides a workpiece size compensation method based on batch processing of a numerical control machine tool, which comprises the following steps of:
the processing method comprises the following steps of carrying out array division on a processing area of a machine tool to form a plurality of matrix processing units, numbering the matrix processing units, and clamping a workpiece to be processed in each matrix processing unit;
acquiring the positioning coordinates of rows, columns and matrix processing units in the processing area;
and respectively carrying out local compensation on the machining dimension errors of the parts to be machined of each matrix machining unit.
It can be known that, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a processing area of a machine tool is divided into a plurality of matrix processing units in an array manner, and numbered, such as a workpiece 00, a workpiece 01, a workpiece 10, and a workpiece 23 … …, each matrix unit corresponds to a coordinate system and a coordinate zero point, and corresponding area division is performed on a control panel of a numerical control machine tool, so that an original numerical control system and an actual processing area of the machine tool are in one-to-one correspondence, coordinates of each matrix processing unit in the processing area of the machine tool are input into the numerical control system, then the workpiece is clamped in each matrix processing unit, a tool is set, a workpiece coordinate system and a processing zero point of the workpiece in each matrix processing unit are determined, tool compensation is performed, a local compensation value of a processing dimension error of each matrix processing unit, that is, a tool compensation value is input into the system, a to-be-processed workpiece in each matrix processing unit, and when the workpieces to be machined in the first matrix machining unit are machined, automatically retracting the cutter to start machining the workpieces to be machined in the second matrix machining unit, automatically updating the cutter compensation values corresponding to the matrix machining units, and repeating the steps until all the workpieces to be machined are machined. The processing sequence of each workpiece to be processed can be preset, and after the processing is finished, the processing method can be stored, so that the next batch processing of workpieces with the same size is facilitated. If the sizes of the next batch machining are different, the region division can be carried out again according to the method, and the corresponding cutter compensation is carried out.
The processing area of the machine tool is divided into arrays on the existing numerical control system, the divided matrix processing units are subjected to statistical management, and local compensation is performed on workpiece processing size errors of different matrix processing units, so that batch parts processed by each matrix processing unit of the machine tool can meet the size tolerance requirement. Specifically, the positioning error adjustment or the size error of a row, a column or a single interval in the whole machining area can be compensated, the area identification and the smooth transition of machining or control commands can be realized, and the running stability and the running accuracy of equipment can be ensured. The compensation function can be suitable for the processing of common machine tools or various multi-region independent position compensation of multiple main shafts and multiple stations or motion control equipment with positioning requirements.
The compensation principle is to reversely correct the position and proportion errors in each workpiece coordinate system according to the dimension errors of the workpieces in different matrix processing units. The size of each matrix processing unit is determined by the array parameters, the zero point of each workpiece coordinate is established in the block, and the system bottom layer registers the absolute position of each workpiece coordinate system in the machine coordinate system. When the command position enters a certain block, the compensation quantity of the last matrix processing unit is cancelled immediately, and the compensation quantity of the matrix processing unit is added. In a specific use process, after a previous workpiece to be processed is processed, the system needs to set a matrix processing unit transition region to buffer the change of the compensation amount.
Preferably, the size of the matrix processing unit and the distance between two adjacent matrix processing units are divided according to the size of the workpiece to be processed. Therefore, as shown in fig. 2, when a batch of workpieces need to be processed in batch, the number and size of the workpieces to be processed are reasonably calculated, then the processing space of the machine tool is divided into regions, each workpiece is completely located in the corresponding matrix processing unit, when a specific matrix processing unit is processed, the origin of coordinates of the machine tool is redefined, the boundary point of the matrix processing unit is taken as the origin, namely, the matrix processing unit is taken as the processing space of the machine tool, and then corresponding local compensation is performed, so that accumulated errors formed by a plurality of processing regions are eliminated as much as possible; on the other hand, the distance between two adjacent matrix machining units is determined according to the radius of the cutter, the machining tool retracting amount and the like, so that the cutter cannot collide with the next workpiece during machining.
Preferably, each of the workpieces to be processed is clamped in the corresponding matrix processing unit through magnetic force adsorption, and a tool retracting allowance is reserved between two adjacent workpieces to be processed. Therefore, when the cutter processes a workpiece to be machined in a matrix machining unit at each time, a process of feeding and retracting is available, the distance between the position of the cutter and the boundary of the matrix machining unit reaches the maximum value in the process of feeding and retracting, the cutter easily touches the adjacent workpiece to be machined, collision can be avoided due to the retracting allowance, the retracting allowance is determined according to a specific cutter retracting track, and in order to save the space of a machine tool, the distance between two adjacent cutters is only required to be larger than the retracting allowance.
In the preferred scheme, each matrix processing unit is provided with a corresponding coordinate zero point, and the coordinate zero point is used for setting the workpiece coordinate in the corresponding matrix processing unit. Therefore, when the machining areas of the machine tool are divided, the coordinate zero points of the matrix machining units corresponding to each machining area can be input into the machine tool controller and stored, and when a workpiece to be machined in one matrix machining unit is machined, the system automatically switches the coordinate zero points to the preset original points of the matrix machining units. This eliminates the accumulated error of the zero point of the coordinates.
Preferably, the machining area of the machine tool is divided into a plurality of matrix machining units by an ink line or a pencil, and the matrix machining units are numbered. Therefore, the array division of the machining area of the machine tool is a temporary process, the division is convenient through ink lines or pencils, and the next subdivision is easy to clear and convenient. The division can also be performed in other ways. When the region is divided, attention is paid to guarantee the boundary straightness of each processing region, lines are refined as much as possible, space is saved, precision is improved, deepening processing is carried out on the coordinate origin of each processing region, distinguishing is convenient, and the workpiece to be processed is conveniently clamped in batches by marking in each processing region.
Preferably, the step of respectively performing local compensation on the machining dimension errors of the to-be-machined parts of each matrix machining unit specifically includes:
after the processing of the to-be-processed part of the previous matrix processing unit is finished, the cutter is automatically retracted to the coordinate zero point of the to-be-processed part of the next to-be-processed matrix processing unit, and the local compensation value of the processing size error of the to-be-processed part of the to-be-processed matrix processing unit is updated.
Therefore, after the machining area is divided, the corresponding to-be-machined parts are clamped, tool setting is carried out on each to-be-machined part, tool compensation values are set simultaneously, the workpiece coordinates and the tool compensation values of the to-be-machined parts in each machining area are input into the numerical control system, machining paths are planned, machining is started, after the to-be-machined parts of one matrix machining unit on the front are machined, the tools are automatically withdrawn to the coordinate zero point of the to-be-machined parts of the next to-be-machined matrix machining unit, and the local compensation values of the machining size errors of the to-be-machined parts of the to-be-machined matrix machining unit are updated. After the previous workpiece to be machined is machined, the cutter is lifted to a safe area and then moved to the zero point of the coordinate of the next workpiece to be machined, and then the compensation value of the cutter is updated for machining.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the workpiece size compensation method based on the batch processing of the numerical control machine tool provided by the invention has the advantages that the control panel of the numerical control machine tool and the processing area of the machine tool are correspondingly subjected to array division, the divided areas are subjected to statistical management, then workpieces to be processed are clamped in each divided area, and local compensation is carried out aiming at the processing size errors of the workpieces in different areas, so that the batch parts processed in each area of the machine tool can meet the requirement of size tolerance, and the processing accumulated error caused by the assembly precision and abrasion of the machine tool is overcome; in addition, the workpieces to be processed are clamped in batches at one time, so that the time for loading and unloading the workpieces is greatly shortened, the production period is shortened, and the processing efficiency is improved.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A workpiece size compensation method based on batch processing of a numerical control machine tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the processing method comprises the following steps of carrying out array division on a processing area of a machine tool to form a plurality of matrix processing units, numbering the matrix processing units, and clamping a workpiece to be processed in each matrix processing unit;
acquiring the positioning coordinates of rows, columns and matrix processing units in the processing area;
then clamping a workpiece in each matrix machining unit, setting the tool, and determining a workpiece coordinate system and a machining zero point of the workpiece in each matrix machining unit;
and respectively carrying out local compensation on the machining dimension errors of the workpieces to be machined of each matrix machining unit, and specifically, reversely correcting the position and proportion errors in each workpiece coordinate system according to the dimension errors of the workpieces to be machined in different matrix machining units.
2. The workpiece size compensation method based on numerical control machine batch processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: and dividing the size of the matrix processing unit and the distance between two adjacent matrix processing units according to the size of the workpiece to be processed.
3. The workpiece size compensation method based on numerical control machine batch processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: and each to-be-machined part is clamped in the corresponding matrix machining unit through magnetic force adsorption, and a tool withdrawal allowance is reserved between every two adjacent to-be-machined parts.
4. The workpiece size compensation method based on numerical control machine batch processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: and each matrix processing unit is respectively provided with a corresponding coordinate zero point, and the coordinate zero point is used for setting the workpiece coordinate in the corresponding matrix processing unit.
5. The workpiece size compensation method based on numerical control machine batch processing according to claim 1, wherein the step of dividing the processing area of the machine tool into a plurality of matrix processing units by array and numbering specifically comprises:
the machining areas of the machine tool are now divided and numbered, and then the machining areas are array-divided and numbered on a machine tool control panel, which corresponds to the actual machining area of the machine tool.
6. The workpiece size compensation method based on numerical control machine batch processing according to claim 5, characterized in that: and dividing the machining area of the machine tool into a plurality of matrix machining units by using ink lines or pencils and numbering the matrix machining units.
7. The workpiece size compensation method based on numerical control machine batch processing according to claim 1, wherein the step of respectively and locally compensating the processing size error of the workpiece to be processed of each matrix processing unit specifically comprises:
after the processing of the to-be-processed part of the previous matrix processing unit is finished, the cutter is automatically retracted to the coordinate zero point of the to-be-processed part of the next to-be-processed matrix processing unit, and the local compensation value of the processing size error of the to-be-processed part of the to-be-processed matrix processing unit is updated.
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