CN109799519A - A kind of double ship lifting dismounting offshore platform optics positioning mechanisms - Google Patents

A kind of double ship lifting dismounting offshore platform optics positioning mechanisms Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109799519A
CN109799519A CN201910147339.7A CN201910147339A CN109799519A CN 109799519 A CN109799519 A CN 109799519A CN 201910147339 A CN201910147339 A CN 201910147339A CN 109799519 A CN109799519 A CN 109799519A
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support column
offshore platform
hull
ship
positioning mechanism
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CN201910147339.7A
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张卫东
刘笑成
李欣
胡智焕
孙浩
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Priority to CN202310362094.6A priority Critical patent/CN116381752A/en
Priority to CN201910147339.7A priority patent/CN109799519A/en
Publication of CN109799519A publication Critical patent/CN109799519A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B85/00Dismantling or scrapping vessels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/87Combinations of systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42Determining position

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种双船吊装拆除海上平台用光学定位机构,所述的船体支撑柱下表面开设椎体凹槽,所述的平台支撑柱上表面为一与椎体凹槽形状配合的凸锥体,该定位机构包括安装在凸锥体内上的激光发射器和光敏传感器以及设置在椎体凹槽底面的反光镜;在进行对准操作时,当船支撑柱与平台支撑柱未对准时,激光发射器向上发出的垂直光线作用在导管架支撑柱底部材料上,反射较弱,此时船体支撑柱未移动到对准位置,当船支撑柱与平台支撑柱对准时,激光发射器向上发出的垂直光线作用在反光镜上,形成反射光,通过光敏传感器接收产生阶跃信号,此时船体支撑柱移动到对准位置。与现有技术相比,本发明具有提高对接精度和可靠性等优点。

The invention relates to an optical positioning mechanism for hoisting and dismantling an offshore platform for two ships. The lower surface of the hull supporting column is provided with a vertebral body groove, and the upper surface of the platform supporting column is a convex cone shaped to match the vertebral body groove. The positioning mechanism includes a laser transmitter and a photosensitive sensor installed on the convex cone and a reflector set on the bottom surface of the cone groove; during the alignment operation, when the ship support column and the platform support column are not aligned, The vertical light emitted upward by the laser transmitter acts on the bottom material of the jacket support column, and the reflection is weak. At this time, the hull support column does not move to the alignment position. When the ship support column is aligned with the platform support column, the laser transmitter emits upward. The vertical light acts on the reflector to form reflected light, which is received by the photosensitive sensor to generate a step signal. At this time, the hull support column moves to the alignment position. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of improving docking precision and reliability.

Description

A kind of double ship lifting dismounting offshore platform optics positioning mechanisms
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine engineering equipment fields, and it is fixed with optics to remove offshore platform more particularly, to a kind of double ship liftings Position mechanism.
Background technique
Offshore platform is that the critical equipment of marine resources exploitation has nearly 8000 offshore platforms in the world at present.General sea The projected life of upper mounting plate was at 20 years or so.According to relevant regulations, if without other purposes, the operation service life expire after must carry out It is discarded to remove.This is of great significance to marine environment, navigation and the fish production etc. that ensure operating area.
Different from oil field development, platform, which throws aside itself, to bring direct benefit to platform owner, and this requires not It is disconnected to reduce its expenditure cost.How more efficiently to carry out platform and throw aside operation, is the emphasis side that each Oceanographic Engineering Corporation considers To.
It is exactly to carry out decomposition dismounting to offshore platform that each major oil companies, which take most straightforward approach, i.e., is extractd by crane barge With fractionation upper chunk, resulting metal fragment and chunking are unloaded on a barge, then transported in ashore recycling The heart.This method activity duration is long, is tens of days up to a hundred, is easy to produce environmental pollution, costly.Another method It is overall pulling down method.Overall pulling down is realized using platform removal ship.Currently, Sweden shipowner Allseas possesses the current world Upper maximum platform removal ship " Pioneering Spirit " number.The ship uses catamaran design, and fore is u-shaped, can be each The side of drilling platforms is leaned against, fore is equipped with more scissors lifters, these cranes will entirely be weighed by single operation Tens of thousands of tons of upper chunk is sling and is removed.This method activity duration is short, and couple of days can complete dismounting task, and platform can be again Using or recycling, but expense is still very high.
Industry is proving a variety of schemes that may be decreased cost at present.A kind of more advantageous scheme is to utilize two General semi-submersible type towboat replaces single dismounting ship of overall pulling down method, replaces lever lifting using water tank and supporting mechanism Machine, as shown in Figure 1.This method is referred to as double ship lifting methods, and the course of work is that two same dynamic positioning semi-submersible types are dragged Ship from two sides close to offshore platform, after hull support column is aligned with jacket (supporting the steelframe of offshore platform) support column, Double ships start to float, and keep balancing by ballast water tank water, and platform upper chunking is promoted, moves on third carrying ship and transports (as shown in Figure 2).
The first step using double ship lifting methods, which is two, has the semi-submersible type towboats of dynamic positioning ability from two sides by coastal waters Upper mounting plate promotes upper chunk after being directed at hull support column with jacket (supporting the steelframe of offshore platform) support column. This is the key that double ship lifting methods face.The method that industry uses at present is proximate to process using RTK GPS positioning, approaches It is aided with the non-contact opticals localization method such as laser radar when jacket.In this way it is unilateral to be at least equipped with 2 laser radars could be into Row precise positioning, higher cost.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of double ship liftings to remove Offshore platform optics positioning mechanism.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of double ship lifting dismounting offshore platform optics positioning mechanisms, to realize ship support column in double ship lifting methods With precisely aligning for platform support columns, the hull support column lower surface opens up centrum groove, on the platform support columns Surface is the convex cone of one with the cooperation of centrum groove shapes, which includes the laser emitter being mounted on in convex cone With photosensitive sensor and the reflective mirror of centrum groove floor is set;
When carrying out alignment function, when ship support column and platform support columns misalignment, what laser emitter issued upwards Vertical light acts in jacket support column base material, and reflection is weaker, and hull support column is not moved to alignment position at this time, When ship support column is aligned with platform support columns, the vertical light that laser emitter issues upwards is acted on reflective mirror, is formed Reflected light is received by photosensitive sensor and generates step signal, and hull support column is moved to alignment position at this time.
The radius of the reflective mirror is equal to the alignment precision of setting.
The reflection coefficient of the reflective mirror is higher than the material of jacket support column bottom.
The laser emitter uses laser diode.
The photosensitive sensor uses photo resistance.
The workflow of this optical alignment mechanism the following steps are included:
1) two dynamic positioning semi-submersible type towboats rely on RTK GPS positioning information from two sides close to offshore platform 0.5m range It is interior;
2) connect hull support column at laser emitter and emit laser upwards;
3) control unit starts the information for receiving optical sensor while receiving GPS information;
4) when optical sensor is exported without step signal, show that hull support column has not moved to desired position, when When optical sensor has step signal output, show the relative position of hull support column and jacket support column desired In error range;
5) control unit checks GPS information, if GPS information also indicates that the opposite position of hull support column Yu jacket support column It sets in desired error range, then starts to promote offshore platform.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
Offshore platform optics positioning mechanism is removed in double dynamical station keeping ship lifting proposed by the present invention, in side support stake dress There are laser emitter and photosensitive sensor, the support stake of the other side is equipped with reflective mirror, and the radius of reflective mirror is made to be equal to desired pair Quasi- precision is realized by the way that whether light-sensitive device receives the laser being reflected back to whether hull support stake is moved to desired locations Judgement, blended with GPS information, effectively increase the precision and reliability of docking.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that double ship lifting methods remove offshore platform structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that double double boatman of ship lifting method make process schematic.
Fig. 3 supports stake to dock schematic diagram for hull support stake with jacket, wherein figure (3a) is structure when being aligned completely Schematic diagram, figure (3b) are the structural schematic diagram under the limiting case of alignment, and figure (3c) is the required precision signal being reliably aligned Figure.
Fig. 4 is configuration state figure of the present invention in misalignment.
Fig. 5 is configuration state figure of the present invention in alignment.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 3, hull support column is docked with jacket support column using taper interface, this interface it is significant Advantage is reduction of the requirement to alignment precision, theoretically, as long as vertebra point is fallen in inside support column largest circumference, hull support column It can guarantee to be aligned under pressure with jacket support column.And requirement of the cylinder jack interface to precision is then much higher. In practice, in order to guarantee the reliable of docking, the requirement to alignment precision is less than support column largest circumference radius.
In application GPS, the position of rover station constantly changes, and calculating coordinate is dynamically that there are systematic errors, reduce Measurement accuracy.The large area water surface will generate strong reflection effect to electromagnetic wave signal, so that antenna receives simultaneously to be had directly from satellite The signal of transmitting and electromagnetic wave signal from water-reflected, the observed quantity that both Signal averagings are formed, will produce positioning result Raw Multipath Errors, can cause GPS signal losing lock when serious.In order to guarantee to dock, it is generally desirable to there are two types of or above mode Guarantee the alignment precision of hull support column and jacket support column.Optical alignment mechanism proposed by the present invention is capable of providing a kind of essence Higher means are spent, are used in combination with GPS, the safety of docking is improved.
It is as shown in Figures 4 and 5 that hull support column proposed by the present invention docks optical alignment mechanism with jacket support column, with original For some hull support columns compared with jacket support column docking mechanism, optical alignment mechanism proposed by the present invention includes two portions Point, a part is the laser emitter and photosensitive sensor being installed at hull support column, and a part is to be installed at jacket branch The reflective mirror of dagger bottom.Laser emitter can be used but be not limited to laser diode, which has widely in laser pen Using;Photosensitive sensor but it is not limited to photo resistance, is a kind of light-sensitive device being widely used;Reflective mirror is not wanted strictly It asks, as long as reflection coefficient is apparently higher than the material of jacket support column bottom.The radius of reflective mirror is equal to desired alignment Precision.When misalignment, laser emitter issue vertical light act in jacket support column base material, reflection compared with It is weak, show that hull support column has not moved to desired position.When aligned, the vertical light that laser emitter issues acts on On reflective mirror, the biggish reflection of intensity is formed, is received by light-sensitive device and generates step signal, notifies control unit hull support Column is moved into desired position.Control unit improves docking by the fusion to GPS information and photosensitive sensor information Precision and reliability.
Platform upper chunking promotion is finally moved on third carrying ship and is transported by double ship lifting methods.It is proposed by the present invention Docking optical alignment mechanism is similarly applied to fixation of the platform upper chunking on carrying ship, and specific implementation step is as follows:
1, two dynamic positioning semi-submersible type towboats rely on RTK GPS positioning information from two sides close to offshore platform 0.5m range It is interior;
2, the laser emitter at hull support column is connected, and starts to emit laser;
3, control unit starts the information for receiving optical sensor while receiving GPS information;
4, when optical sensor is exported without step signal, show that hull support column has not moved to desired position;
5, when optical sensor has step signal output, show the relative position of hull support column Yu jacket support column In desired error range;
6, control unit checks GPS information, if GPS information also indicates that the opposite position of hull support column Yu jacket support column It sets in desired error range, starts to promote platform.

Claims (6)

1.一种双船吊装拆除海上平台用光学定位机构,用以在双船起重法中实现船支撑柱与平台支撑柱的精确对准,所述的船体支撑柱下表面开设椎体凹槽,所述的平台支撑柱上表面为一与椎体凹槽形状配合的凸锥体,其特征在于,该定位机构包括安装在凸锥体内上的激光发射器和光敏传感器以及设置在椎体凹槽底面的反光镜;1. An optical positioning mechanism for hoisting and dismantling an offshore platform by a double ship is used to realize the precise alignment of the ship support column and the platform support column in the double ship lifting method, and the lower surface of the ship hull support column is provided with a vertebral body groove , the upper surface of the platform support column is a convex cone that matches the shape of the vertebral body groove. Reflector on the bottom of the groove; 在进行对准操作时,当船支撑柱与平台支撑柱未对准时,激光发射器向上发出的垂直光线作用在导管架支撑柱底部材料上,反射较弱,此时船体支撑柱未移动到对准位置,当船支撑柱与平台支撑柱对准时,激光发射器向上发出的垂直光线作用在反光镜上,形成反射光,通过光敏传感器接收产生阶跃信号,此时船体支撑柱移动到对准位置。During the alignment operation, when the ship support column and the platform support column are not aligned, the vertical light emitted by the laser transmitter acts on the bottom material of the jacket support column, and the reflection is weak. At this time, the hull support column does not move to the correct position When the ship support column is aligned with the platform support column, the vertical light emitted by the laser transmitter acts on the reflector to form reflected light, and the photosensitive sensor receives and generates a step signal. At this time, the hull support column moves to the alignment position. Location. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种双船吊装拆除海上平台用光学定位机构,其特征在于,所述的反光镜的半径等于设定的对准精度。2 . The optical positioning mechanism for hoisting and dismantling an offshore platform according to claim 1 , wherein the radius of the reflector is equal to the set alignment accuracy. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种双船吊装拆除海上平台用光学定位机构,其特征在于,所述的反光镜的反光系数高于导管架支撑柱底部的材料。3 . The optical positioning mechanism for hoisting and dismantling an offshore platform according to claim 1 , wherein the reflection coefficient of the reflector is higher than that of the material at the bottom of the jacket support column. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种双船吊装拆除海上平台用光学定位机构,其特征在于,所述的激光发射器采用激光二极管。4 . The optical positioning mechanism for hoisting and dismantling an offshore platform according to claim 1 , wherein the laser transmitter is a laser diode. 5 . 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种双船吊装拆除海上平台用光学定位机构,其特征在于,所述的光敏传感器采用光敏电阻。5 . The optical positioning mechanism for hoisting and dismantling an offshore platform according to claim 1 , wherein the photosensitive sensor adopts a photoresistor. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种双船吊装拆除海上平台用光学定位机构,其特征在于,本光学定位机构的工作流程包括以下步骤:6. The optical positioning mechanism for lifting and dismantling an offshore platform according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the workflow of this optical positioning mechanism comprises the following steps: 1)两艘动力定位半潜式拖船依靠RTK GPS定位信息从两侧靠近海上平台0.5m范围内;1) Two dynamic positioning semi-submersible tugs rely on RTK GPS positioning information to approach the offshore platform within 0.5m from both sides; 2)接通船体支撑柱处的激光发射器并向上发射激光;2) Turn on the laser transmitter at the hull support column and emit the laser upward; 3)控制单元在接收GPS信息的同时,开始接收光学传感器的信息;3) The control unit starts to receive the information of the optical sensor while receiving the GPS information; 4)当光学传感器无阶跃信号输出时,表明船体支撑柱尚未移动到期望的位置,当光学传感器有阶跃信号输出时,表明船体支撑柱与导管架支撑柱的相对位置已经在期望的误差范围内;4) When there is no step signal output from the optical sensor, it indicates that the hull support column has not moved to the desired position. When the optical sensor has a step signal output, it indicates that the relative position of the hull support column and the jacket support column has been within the expected error. within the range; 5)控制单元核对GPS信息,若GPS信息也表明船体支撑柱与导管架支撑柱的相对位置已经在期望的误差范围内,则开始提升海上平台。5) The control unit checks the GPS information, and if the GPS information also indicates that the relative position of the hull support column and the jacket support column is within the expected error range, the offshore platform starts to be lifted.
CN201910147339.7A 2019-02-27 2019-02-27 A kind of double ship lifting dismounting offshore platform optics positioning mechanisms Pending CN109799519A (en)

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WO2021135903A1 (en) * 2019-12-30 2021-07-08 山东海洋能源有限公司 Integrated disassembly system and disassembly method for large offshore structure
CN112389595A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-02-23 上海船舶研究设计院(中国船舶工业集团公司第六0四研究院) Method for centering push-push combined barge and push wheel
CN115806029A (en) * 2022-12-20 2023-03-17 中电建海上风电工程有限公司 Guiding system and guiding method for floating body and base bearing platform

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