CN112325815B - Three-dimensional detection method for lengthened and refitted container ship - Google Patents
Three-dimensional detection method for lengthened and refitted container ship Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A three-dimensional detection method for lengthened and modified container ship comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system through a ship bottom base line; measuring and recording a ship bottom center measuring point and a board top measuring point by using a total station to generate three-dimensional coordinate data of each detecting point; and enabling the three-dimensional data of each point to be in a three-dimensional coordinate system established by the ship bottom base line to detect the condition of the main ship body at each stage in the lengthened refitting. The detection method is simple and convenient to operate, can judge the main hull conditions of each stage of the lengthened refitting of the boxed ship in real time, intuitively and comprehensively, and can reflect macroscopic deformation possibly occurring in the refitting processes such as opening deformation, torsion, cabin collapse, transverse inclination and the like; the method can also infer the change conditions of straightness and deflection of the modified ship body through comparison of reports before and after modification, judge the modification precision, better adapt to the requirements of increasingly complicated and large-scale box ship modification, and can be widely applied to major modification of lengthening, shortening and the like of container ships with various scales.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ship repair and construction, relates to a three-dimensional detection method, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional detection method for lengthened modification of a container ship.
Background
At present, the environmental protection in the shipping industry is increasingly emphasized, and meanwhile, the container transport capacity is one of the important indexes of container ship enterprises, and all large container ship enterprises continuously improve the respective transport capacity to compete for the market. If the transportation capacity can be improved under the same fuel consumption rate, the transportation cost of a unit tank is reduced, and the pollutant emission is reduced. There are plenty of opportunities for lengthening container ships, especially for lengthening and refitting Ultra Large Container Ships (ULCS). Compared with the construction of a new ship, the existing container ship is directly lengthened, so that the cost is saved for shipping companies, and the transportation capacity of a fleet can be directly and quickly improved.
For the lengthening and refitting of the container ship, no matter a trolley translation folding method or a floating state folding method is adopted, the precision control is an extremely important part. In the process of the translation or floating closure of the trolley, the closure is finished by methods of measuring an alignment line, a check line or hatch circumference straightness, large cabin distance and the like. At present, the method for checking the precision of the ship in each stage after docking, cutting, folding and welding is only to measure the main dimension of the ship, the base line deflection and the folding port check loop distance to confirm the folding result and give a report.
The above precision checking method is simple, but has the following disadvantages:
1. the exact conditions of the main hull at each stage of the conversion cannot be fully reflected. The simple precision inspection method can only reflect the basic parameter conditions of the ship and cannot reflect the conditions such as opening, twisting, deck side collapse, transverse inclination and the like.
2. The requirements of larger and larger size and larger modification difficulty are not met. In each stage of refitting the large-scale container ship, due to the characteristic of high-altitude ship weight, various complex main ship body deformations are easily generated in the cutting, folding and welding stages, and the complex macroscopic deformations of the main ship body cannot be measured by a simple detection method.
3. It is not intuitive enough. The formed report has too few parameters and is not intuitive for the shipowner.
Therefore, in order to meet increasingly complicated and large-scale container ship lengthening and refitting and better and more professional service for shipowners, a new container lengthening and refitting detection method needs to be developed urgently to meet the requirement of container ship lengthening and refitting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a three-dimensional detection method for the lengthened and modified container ship, which can judge the exact condition of the main ship body of each stage of the lengthened and modified container ship in real time, intuitively and comprehensively.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a three-dimensional detection method of container ship extension repacking, container ship extension repacking include with the case ship cut into two sections in dry dock, through sea water buoyancy or the interior dolly of depressed place with adding the section embedding newly, the triplex closes up and welds, its characterized in that: the three-dimensional detection method comprises the following steps:
1) Establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system through a ship bottom base line;
2) Measuring and recording a ship bottom center measuring point and a board top measuring point by using a total station to generate three-dimensional coordinate data of each detecting point;
3) The three-dimensional data of each point is in a three-dimensional coordinate system established by the ship bottom base line, so that the condition of the main ship body at each stage in the lengthened modification is detected.
As an improvement, the specific process of the step 1) is as follows: determining a ship width direction central point at the stern of the ship as a coordinate system reference point, and selecting a ship width direction central point behind a cutting line as an axial reference point; a right-hand three-dimensional coordinate system is established by taking the reference point as a zero point and taking the axial reference point as the positive direction of the X axis; the positive direction of the X axis of the right-hand coordinate system is the ship bow direction, the positive direction of the Y axis is the ship port direction, and the positive direction of the Z axis is upward.
And improving, the step 2) of using a total station to measure and record the ship bottom center measuring point and the ship top measuring point specifically comprises the following steps:
A. selecting a plurality of measuring points on the center line of the ship bottom as the center measuring points of the ship bottom, and knocking and painting paint as a mark;
B. selecting a plurality of measuring points at the top points of the port and starboard side outer plates as board top measuring points, wherein the board top measuring points are selected at the strong structure of each large-cabin transverse cabin wall as much as possible and are used as ocean paint flushing marks;
C. and selecting a plurality of total station measuring positions, measuring each measuring point by using the total station, and sequentially recording the three-dimensional data of each measuring point.
Preferably, the bottom center measuring point and the top measuring point are uniformly distributed at each main part of the ship from the stern to the bow, and at least the bottom center measuring point and the top measuring point are required to be arranged at the front and back fixed distance of the cutting line.
Preferably, three measurement positions are selected, and the first position is selected at a clean and stable position of the dock bottom; selecting a first station moving point and a second station moving point in a hull stable area and a dock wall, and moving the total station to the second position through rotating targets placed at the first station moving point and the second station moving point; selecting a third station and a fourth station on a dock wall, and moving the total station to the third position through rotating targets placed on the third station and the fourth station;
the measuring points at the first position comprise a reference point, an axial reference point, a bottom center measuring point, a board top measuring point and a stern sealing plate measuring point; the measuring points at the second position comprise a bow foremost endpoint, a bottom center measuring point and a board top measuring point; the measurement points at the third position include the bottom center measurement point and the side top measurement point.
Further, the total station specifically measures as follows: the method comprises the steps of erecting the total station at a measuring position, initializing the total station, placing a reflector plate at a measuring point, emitting laser to be aligned with the measuring point, and sequentially recording three-dimensional data of the measuring point in the working range of the total station.
Further, the step 3) of enabling the three-dimensional data of each point to be in the three-dimensional coordinate system established by the ship bottom base line means that the measured data are processed in the total station palm computer, and all the three-dimensional data are uniformly arranged in a right-hand three-dimensional coordinate system with the reference point as a zero point and the axial reference point as the positive direction of the X axis.
Further, the step 3) of detecting the state of the main hull at each stage in the lengthened refitting means that the three-dimensional data is formed into a measurement report, and the state of the main hull is analyzed and judged through the measurement report, wherein the measurement report comprises a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the main hull and a three-dimensional data frame for displaying the three-dimensional data of each measurement point.
Further, the three-dimensional data frame comprises a measured position code, a theoretical three-dimensional coordinate value, an actually measured three-dimensional coordinate value and an actual and theoretical deviation value marked in the bracket, wherein the position code comprises a ship bottom center line measuring point code of C, a left side board top measuring point code of P and a right side board top measuring point code of S; the theoretical three-dimensional coordinate value is theoretical three-dimensional data of a measuring point and is measured through a drawing or a model; the measured three-dimensional coordinate value is a three-dimensional coordinate value recorded by measurement, and the signs of the values of the theoretical coordinate value and the measured three-dimensional coordinate value only express the direction; the deviation value is the absolute value deviation between the measured value and the theoretical value, and the sign expresses the magnitude of the numerical value.
Finally, the conditions of the main ship body in the step 3) comprise the ship length of the original ship before modification, the ship width of the original ship, the model depth of the original ship, the transverse inclination condition of the modified forward dock, the middle arch condition before modification, the macroscopic deformation condition of each area of the original ship and the straightness of the original ship; the transverse inclination of the ship in the refitting process is changed, the camber of the ship is changed, the distance of a cutting closure opening is changed, the torsion condition of the closure opening is changed, and the overall straightness of the ship in the refitting process is changed; and (3) the modified ship is deformed by welding, and has the final ship length, the final ship width, the final molding depth, the final macroscopic deformation condition of each area, the baseline deflection and the final ship straightness.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: and establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system through the ship bottom base line, measuring and recording the measuring points by using a total station, generating three-dimensional coordinate data of each detecting point, and uniformly enabling the three-dimensional data of each point to be in the three-dimensional coordinate system established by the ship bottom base line to detect the condition of the main ship body at each stage in the lengthened refitting. The detection method is simple and convenient to operate, can judge the main hull conditions of each stage of the lengthened and modified box ship in real time, intuitively and comprehensively, and can reflect macroscopic deformation possibly occurring in the modification processes such as opening deformation, torsion, cabin collapse, transverse inclination and the like; the method can also infer the change conditions of straightness and deflection of the modified ship body through comparison of reports before and after modification, judge the modification precision, better adapt to the requirements of increasingly complicated and large-scale box ship modification, and can be widely applied to major modification of lengthening, shortening and the like of container ships with various scales.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional inspection process of the present invention prior to ship conversion;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional inspection process after ship extension modification;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a measurement report in an embodiment;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the three-dimensional data frame in fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
As shown in fig. 1-5, a three-dimensional detection method for the lengthened and modified container ship comprises the steps of cutting the container ship into two sections in a dry dock, embedding a newly added section by seawater buoyancy or a trolley in the dock, closing the three sections and welding; the three-dimensional detection method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system through a ship bottom base line: determining a central point in the width direction of the ship at the stern part 1 of the ship as a coordinate system reference point 9, measuring central points of four K traveling plates at a flat bottom part without a block at the rear part of a stern section 1, connecting the four points into a line, checking whether the line is positioned at the longitudinal center in the bottom of the ship, taking a point positioned at a strong rib position on the line, wherein the point is the coordinate system reference point 9, and punching ocean on the reference point 9 and painting for temporary marking. And selecting a center point in the ship width direction behind the cutting line 3 as an axial reference point 10, and painting oil paint for temporary marking. A right-hand three-dimensional coordinate system 24 established by taking the reference point 9 as a zero point and taking the axial reference point 10 as the positive direction of the X axis; the positive X-axis of the right-hand three-dimensional coordinate system 24 is in the bow 2 direction, the positive Y-axis is in the port direction, and the positive Z-axis is in the upward direction.
2) Using a total station to measure and record the ship bottom center measuring point and the ship top measuring point, and generating three-dimensional coordinate data of each detecting point:
A. in areas with small obstruction of docking blocks, from a stern part 1 to a bow part 2, drawing a plurality of measuring points as ship bottom center measuring points 14 by measuring the centers of K lines of plates, and knocking and coating paint on a dock as a mark;
B. a plurality of measuring points selected at the top points of the port and starboard side outer plates are used as board top measuring points 13, and the board top measuring points 13 are selected at the strong structures of the cross cabin walls of each large cabin as much as possible and are used as ocean paint flushing marks;
the bottom center measuring point 14 and the top measuring point 13 should be uniformly distributed at each main part of the ship from the stern part 1 to the bow part 2, and at least the bottom center measuring point 14 and the top measuring point 13 need to be arranged at the front and back fixed distance of the cutting line 3.
C. And selecting a plurality of measuring positions of the total station 6, measuring each measuring point by using the total station 6, and sequentially recording the three-dimensional data of each measuring point.
Three measuring positions are selected, the first position is selected to be a clean and stable position at the dock bottom 23, the total station 6 is erected at the first position, after initial setting is finished, the reflector plate is placed at the measuring point, the emitted laser 7 is aligned with the measuring point, and three-dimensional data of the measuring point in the working range of the total station 6 are recorded in sequence; the measuring points comprise a reference point 9, an axial reference point 10, a bottom center measuring point 14, a top measuring point 13 and a stern transom measuring point 11.
Selecting a first moving station 81 and a second moving station 82 in a hull stable area and a dock wall 5, moving a total station 6 to a second position through rotating targets placed at the first moving station 81 and the second moving station 82, after the total station 6 is erected and horizontally adjusted, placing a reflector plate at a measuring point, and emitting laser 7 to be aligned with the measuring point to sequentially record three-dimensional data of the measuring point in a working range of the total station; the measurement points include a bow forward-most end point 12, a bottom center measurement point 14, and a top measurement point 13.
Selecting a third position, namely selecting a third transfer station 83 and a fourth transfer station 84 on the dock wall 5, and transferring the total station 6 to the third position through rotating targets placed on the third transfer station 83 and the fourth transfer station 84; the total station 6 is erected at a third position, after horizontal adjustment is completed, the reflector plate is placed at a measuring point, the emitted laser 7 is aligned to the measuring point, three-dimensional data of the measuring point in the working range of the total station 6 are recorded in sequence, and the measuring point comprises a ship bottom center measuring point 14 and a side board top measuring point 13 which are inconvenient to record at the first position and the second position.
And finishing the measurement recording of the whole ship measuring point. If the individual measuring point is influenced by the docking block or other objects to measure, the proper position carrying station can be independently selected and the individual measurement can be carried out. However, the number of station moving times is not too large, so that the influence on the measurement precision is prevented.
3) And enabling the three-dimensional data of each point to be in a three-dimensional coordinate system established by the ship bottom base line to detect the condition of the main ship body at each stage in the lengthened refitting.
Processing the measured data in a palm computer of the total station 6, wherein all three-dimensional data are uniformly arranged in a right-hand three-dimensional coordinate system taking the datum point 9 as a zero point and the axial datum point 10 as the positive direction of the X axis; the other measuring point data are correspondingly changed into the three-dimensional coordinate value of the reference of the right-hand three-dimensional coordinate system. And drawing and filling a measurement report by using the measurement point data.
The condition of the main hull is analyzed and judged through a measurement report, and the measurement report comprises a three-dimensional schematic diagram 15 of the main hull and a three-dimensional data frame 16 for displaying three-dimensional data of each measurement point. The three-dimensional schematic diagram 15 of the main hull can adopt a model derived by software modeling or a hand-drawn schematic diagram, the centerline 21 of the bottom of the ship is also used as an X axis of coordinate axes, and the three-dimensional data frame 16 displays three-dimensional data of each measuring point.
The three-dimensional data frame includes measured position codes 17, theoretical three-dimensional coordinate values 18, measured three-dimensional coordinate values 19, and actual and theoretical deviation values 20 indicated in brackets. The position code 17 includes a ship bottom center line measuring point code C, a left side board top measuring point code P, and a right side board top measuring point code S. The theoretical three-dimensional coordinate value 18 is theoretical three-dimensional data of a measuring point, measured through a drawing or a model, and does not generally express an X value due to uncertainty of captain data of the measuring point. The measured three-dimensional coordinate value 19 is a three-dimensional coordinate value of the measurement record. The signs of the values of the theoretical coordinate values 18 and the measured three-dimensional coordinate values 19 only express the direction. The deviation value 20 is the absolute value deviation between the measured value and the theoretical value, and the sign expresses the magnitude of the value.
Through measurement reports before, during and after the modification, it can be judged and analyzed that: the method comprises the steps of modifying the length, width and type depth of an original ship, modifying the transverse inclination condition of a forward dock, modifying the front mid-arch condition, the macroscopic deformation condition and the straightness condition of each area of the original ship; the transverse inclination of the ship in the refitting process is changed, the camber of the ship is changed, the distance of a cutting closure opening is changed, the torsion condition of the closure opening is changed, and the overall straightness of the ship in the refitting process is changed; and the modified welding deformation, the final ship length, the final ship width, the final molding depth, the final macroscopic deformation condition of each area, the baseline deflection, the final ship straightness condition and the like.
The three-dimensional detection method is mainly applied to lengthened refitting items in container ship docks, can also be applied to shortened refitting of ships, and is a method for detecting the refitting precision of the main ship body in any stage of the pre-refitting stage, the refitting stage and the post-refitting stage.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional detection method of container ship extension repacking, container ship extension repacking include with the case ship cut into two sections in dry dock, through sea water buoyancy or the interior dolly of depressed place with adding the section embedding newly, the triplex closes up and welds, its characterized in that: the three-dimensional detection method comprises the following steps:
1) Establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system through a ship bottom base line; the specific process of the step 1) is as follows: determining a ship width direction central point at the stern of the ship as a coordinate system reference point, and selecting a ship width direction central point behind a cutting line as an axial reference point; a right-hand three-dimensional coordinate system is established by taking the reference point as a zero point and taking the axial reference point as the positive direction of the X axis; the positive direction of the X axis of the right-hand coordinate system is the ship bow direction, the positive direction of the Y axis is the ship port direction, and the positive direction of the Z axis is upward;
2) Measuring and recording a ship bottom center measuring point and a board top measuring point by using a total station to generate three-dimensional coordinate data of each detecting point; the step 2) of using the total station to measure and record the ship bottom center measuring point and the ship side top measuring point specifically comprises the following steps:
A. selecting a plurality of measuring points on the center line of the ship bottom as the center measuring points of the ship bottom, and knocking the ocean punch paint as a mark;
B. selecting a plurality of measuring points at the top points of the port and starboard side outer plates as board top measuring points, selecting the board top measuring points at the strong structure of each large-cabin transverse bulkhead as much as possible, and knocking and applying paint as marks;
C. selecting a plurality of total station measuring positions, measuring each measuring point by using the total station, and sequentially recording three-dimensional data of each measuring point;
three of the measurement positions are selected,
selecting a clean and stable position at the bottom of the dock from the first position; selecting a first station moving point and a second station moving point in a hull stable area and a dock wall, and moving the total station to the second position through rotating targets placed at the first station moving point and the second station moving point; selecting a third station and a fourth station on a dock wall, and moving the total station to the third position through rotating targets placed on the third station and the fourth station;
the measuring points at the first position comprise a reference point, an axial reference point, a bottom center measuring point, a board top measuring point and a stern sealing plate measuring point; the measuring points at the second position comprise a foremost endpoint of the bow, a bottom center measuring point and a board top measuring point; the measuring points at the third position comprise a ship bottom center measuring point and a board top measuring point;
3) And enabling the three-dimensional data of each point to be in a three-dimensional coordinate system established by the ship bottom base line to detect the condition of the main ship body at each stage in the lengthened refitting.
2. The three-dimensional inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom center measuring point and the top measuring point are uniformly distributed at each main part of the ship from the stern to the bow, and at least the bottom center measuring point and the top measuring point are required to be arranged at the front and back fixed distance of the cutting line.
3. The three-dimensional inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the total station specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of erecting the total station at a measuring position, initializing the total station, placing a reflector plate at a measuring point, emitting laser to be aligned with the measuring point, and sequentially recording three-dimensional data of the measuring point in the working range of the total station.
4. The three-dimensional inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3) enabling the three-dimensional data of each point to be in a three-dimensional coordinate system established by the ship bottom base line means that the measured data is processed in the total station palm computer, and all the three-dimensional data are uniformly arranged in a right-hand three-dimensional coordinate system taking the reference point as a zero point and the axial reference point as the positive direction of the X axis.
5. The three-dimensional inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3) detecting the condition of the main hull at each stage in the lengthened refitting, namely forming the three-dimensional data into a measurement report, and analyzing and judging the condition of the main hull through the measurement report, wherein the measurement report comprises a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the main hull and a three-dimensional data frame for displaying the three-dimensional data of each measurement point.
6. The three-dimensional inspection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the three-dimensional data frame comprises a measured position code, a theoretical three-dimensional coordinate value, an actually measured three-dimensional coordinate value and an actual and theoretical deviation value marked in brackets, wherein the position code comprises a ship bottom center line measuring point code of C, a left side board top measuring point code of P and a right side board top measuring point code of S; the theoretical three-dimensional coordinate value is theoretical three-dimensional data of a measuring point and is measured through a drawing or a model; the actually measured three-dimensional coordinate value is a three-dimensional coordinate value recorded by measurement, and the signs of the values of the theoretical coordinate value and the actually measured three-dimensional coordinate value only express directions; the deviation value is the absolute value deviation of the measured value and the theoretical value, and the sign expresses the magnitude of the numerical value.
7. The three-dimensional inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the conditions of the main hull in the step 3) comprise the length of the original ship before modification, the width of the original ship, the depth of the original ship, the transverse inclination condition of the modified forward dock, the middle arch condition before modification, the macroscopic deformation condition of each area of the original ship and the straightness of the original ship; the ship transverse inclination changes, the ship mid-arch changes, the cutting closure opening distance changes, the closure opening torsion condition changes, and the ship overall straightness changes in the refitting process; and (3) welding deformation, final ship length, final ship width, final molding depth, final macroscopic deformation conditions of all regions, baseline deflection and final ship straightness after modification.
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| KR101408349B1 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-06-17 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Ship resetting method and coordinate measuring system for resetting ship |
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