CN109798149B - Method for predicting inflow intensity of mining field of thick coal seam with hard roof in grading manner - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for predicting the pressure intensity grading of a hard roof thick coal seam stope comprises the following steps: determining the influence degree of the basic class factors, the core class factors and the strengthening class factors on the mine pressure display intensity and corresponding indexes for evaluating the pressure degree grade; and constructing a mine pressure appearance strength prediction evaluation model, and determining the strength index of the mine pressure appearance strength evaluation. In the mining process of the hard roof thick coal seam, the coming pressure intensity of the working face is predicted in advance by a method for predicting the coming pressure intensity of a mining field of the hard roof thick coal seam in a grading manner, and theoretical support is provided for mining pressure control problems such as roof management design before mining of the working face of the hard roof thick coal seam, roadway surrounding rock control design, hydraulic support model selection and the like; corresponding pressure relief technical measures are adopted before mining or in the process of removing the working face according to the pressure intensity characteristics of the coal, and the method plays an important role in safe and efficient production of the working face of the thick coal seam with a hard top plate. The method has wide practicability for the grading prediction of the mining field incoming pressure strength under the condition of the hard roof thick coal seam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mine pressure control of coal mine stopes, in particular to a method for predicting the incoming pressure intensity of a hard roof thick coal seam stope in a grading manner.
Background
The control of the mine pressure of the working face with the hard roof is one of the worldwide problems, if the incoming pressure intensity of the working face can be predicted in advance by a method, corresponding pressure relief technical measures are carried out before the working face is mined according to the incoming pressure intensity characteristic, and the method is very important for ensuring the safe production of the working face, particularly the safe production of the working face with the thick coal seam with the hard roof.
The factors influencing the expression of the mine pressure are numerous, and the factors can be divided into three factors of a basic type, a core type and a strengthening type according to the mechanism of the control action of the factors on the expression of the mine pressure. The basic factors mainly include: mining height, working face length, basic roof occurrence characteristics, coal seam burial depth, original rock stress and the like; the core factors mainly include: the horizon, the structural rigidity, the structural stability and the like of the far-field high-level structure; the strengthening factors refer to mining characteristics of coal seams in the four adjacent and adjacent positions of the working face, and the indexes are mainly decomposed into: section coal pillar width, mining time adjacent to the face, interbedded distance of adjacent layers, goaf overlying strata structural features after mining of adjacent layers, particularly overlying adjacent layers, and the like. When the factors are more prominent or a plurality of more prominent factors exist at the same time, the factors play a main role in the development strength of the mine pressure, and although a part of mine pressure phenomenon is solved to a certain extent, the hard roof has strong integrity, high strength, difficult caving after mining, large broken blocks, strong impact property of caving and large-area overhanging roof, so that a high stress set is formed on a working face, coal bodies around and a roadway, and the strong development phenomenon of the mine pressure is generated. Particularly, when mining is carried out under the condition of a thick coal seam with a hard roof, the mine pressure display intensity of a working face is higher, the influence range of the mine pressure is wide, the mine pressure display field is more complex, and the like. Until now, no systematic grading prediction method aiming at the pressure intensity of the hard roof thick coal seam stope can predict the pressure intensity of the working face before the working face of the hard roof thick coal seam is mined, and the safe and efficient mining of the working face of the hard roof thick coal seam is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for predicting the coming pressure intensity of a hard roof thick coal seam stope in a grading manner, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the influence degree of the basic factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree gradep1
In the formula: a. thep1-the degree of influence of the basic generic factors on the development of the mine pressure and an index of the evaluation of the pressure level;
bi-actual impact strength indices of various basic generic factors;
bmi-maximum intensity index for various basic generic factors.
The intensity indexes of each basic type influence factor and each basic type influence factor are divided into four grades, and the four grades are 0, 1, 2 and 3 from low to high in sequence; wherein 0 represents no influence on the development intensity of the mine pressure, 1 represents weak influence degree on the development intensity of the mine pressure, 2 represents medium influence degree on the development intensity of the mine pressure, and 3 represents strong influence degree on the development intensity of the mine pressure. Table 1 is a basic classification factor and an analysis of the pressure development intensity index of its influence.
TABLE 1 basic class factor classification and analysis of ore pressure development intensity index affected thereby
Table sigmagTo develop the formation stress values in the zone, σ is the normal stress value adjacent to the zone not affected by the formation.
Step two: determining the influence degree of the core factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree gradep2
In the formula: a. thep2-the degree of influence of core type factors on the development of the mine pressure and an index of the evaluation of the pressure level;
cj-actual impact indices of various core class factors;
cmjmaximum intensity index for various core classes.
The strength indexes of each core type factor and each core type factor are divided into four grades, and the four grades are 0, 1, 2 and 3 from low to high in sequence, wherein 0 represents that the ore pressure display strength is not influenced, 1 represents that the ore pressure display strength is influenced to a weak degree, 2 represents that the ore pressure display strength is influenced to a medium degree, and 3 represents that the ore pressure display strength is influenced to a strong degree. Table 2 shows the core factor influence classification and the analysis of the pressure development intensity index.
TABLE 2 core class factor classification and analysis of ore pressure development intensity index affected thereby
The rigidity K of the curved surface of the high-order structure is as follows:
wherein E is the modulus of elasticity, hHeight ofAnd v is the Poisson's ratio of the composition structural rock mass, which is the thickness of the far-field high-position hard rock stratum.
Criterion of instability of the high-order structure:
wherein R is the dimension radius of the far-field high-order structure, Dmaxη is the maximum span of the high-position structure when the high-position structure is unstable, I is the coefficient of stability of the high-position structure, I is the section inertia moment, q is the load, α is the heterogeneous coefficient of the rock stratum, when the overlying rock on the basic top of the stope does not have the hard rock stratum, the high-position structure can not be formed in the overlying rock of the stope, when the hard rock stratum exists in the overlying rock on the basic top of the stope, and k is the maximum span of the overlying rock on the basic top of theBase ofWhen the number is more than 8, the caving rock stratum in the basic top range can be considered to be filled with the goaf, namely the situation that a high-level structure exists but the caving rock stratum is not unstable is considered; if 6 < kBase ofWhen the total volume is less than or equal to 8, the caving rock stratum in the basic top range is considered to be not full of the goaf, but the underlying free space is small, and at the moment, the stability of the high-position structure needs to be judged by a formula (4); if k isBase ofAnd when the total number of the caving rock layers is less than or equal to 6, the caving rock layer in the basic top range is considered to be not full of the goaf, a high-position structure is overlaid on the stope, and the lower free space of the high-position structure is large, and at the moment, the stability of the high-position structure needs to be judged by a formula (4).
Step three: determining the influence degree of the strengthening factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree gradep3
In the formula: a. thep3-the degree of influence of the reinforcement-like factors on the development strength of the mine pressure and an index for rating the pressure strength;
rn-actual impact indices of various reinforcement-like factors;
rmn-maximum intensity index for various reinforcement-like factors;
similarly, the strength indexes of each strengthening factor and each strengthening factor are divided into four grades, and the four grades are 0, 1, 2 and 3 from low to high, wherein 0 represents no influence on the development strength of the mine pressure, 1 represents weak influence on the development strength of the mine pressure, 2 represents medium influence on the development strength of the mine pressure, and 3 represents strong influence on the development strength of the mine pressure.
Table 3 shows the analysis of the mineral pressure development strength index for the influence classification and the influence thereof of the reinforcement factors.
TABLE 3 enhanced class factor classification and analysis of ore pressure development intensity index for its impact
The width B of the coal pillar in the table is the working surface of a thick and super-thick coal seam, and the way of retaining the coal pillar for protecting the roadway is adopted, and the width of the coal pillar in the section is reserved. The situations that a stoping gate way is protected by a coal pillar-free roadway and the thin and medium coal seams are mined are not included; the large coal pillar reserved in the overlying goaf refers to a coal pillar with the size of more than 40 m; the thick-layer hard rock stratum in the overlying gob overlying strata has the thickness of more than 20m and the compressive strength of more than 60 MPa.
Step four: determining a composite strength index W for a mine pressure development strength assessmentp
In the formula: wp-a composite strength index of the mine pressure development strength assessment;
ωpi-weights of different types of factors on the intensity impact of the pressure development;
ωpi＝{ωp1,ωp2,ωp3}＝{0.3,0.5,0.2}。
working face mine pressure display strength index WpThe value is proportional to the mine pressure display grade of the evaluation area, and the strength index W is evaluated according to the mine pressure display strengthpThe intensity of the mineral pressure is divided into four intensity grades, namely general mineral pressure, strong mineral pressure and strong mineral pressure, and the grading standards are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 mine pressure development Strength grading
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for predicting the coming pressure intensity of a hard roof thick coal seam stope in a grading way, all the data involved in the method can be used before and during the mining design of a working face, the method is realized according to geological data, mining technical data, mine pressure display monitoring data and other modes, can provide a theoretical analysis method for predicting the pressure intensity of the working face of the hard roof thick coal seam, can provide theoretical support for mine pressure control problems of hard roof thick coal seam working face mining front roof management design, roadway surrounding rock control design, hydraulic support model selection and the like, the method provides theoretical and data basis for how to adopt mine pressure prevention and control measures in the working face mining process and theoretical basis for selection of mine pressure disaster prevention and control technology of the working face of the hard roof thick coal seam.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a pressure intensity prediction index system and classification chart using a hard roof thick coal seam working face according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The pressure intensity prediction is an important component of mine pressure disaster prevention and control, in order to deeply research core factors and contributions of different factors to mine pressure manifestation, the factors influencing the mine pressure manifestation are classified into three categories, namely basic category factors, core category factors and strengthening category factors, and a pressure intensity prediction index system of a hard roof thick coal seam working face is established, as shown in figure 1, the core category factors are known to be the key factors for the mine pressure manifestation of a mining field.
A grading prediction method for mining pressure intensity of a hard roof thick coal seam is an analysis method for grading prediction of mining pressure intensity of a mining field under the condition of the hard roof thick coal seam, and provides new technical support for grading and preventing mining pressure of a working face of the hard roof thick coal seam. Taking the working face of 3-5# coal seam 8105 of coal mining in the same mining area in great same mining area as an example, the pressure intensity of the working face is predicted and analyzed, wherein the same mining area in great same mining area has dual-series coal seams of Jurassic series and carboniferous series, and overlying rock strata of the dual-series coal seams have multiple layers of hard roofs, which is the most typical hard roof mining area at home and abroad. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
xin mine 8105 basic conditions of working face: and mining a 3-5# coal seam, wherein the average thickness of the coal seam is 15.3m, and the inclination angle of the coal seam is 1-3 degrees. And after the adjacent 8104 working face is mined, coal pillars 45m are reserved between the sections. The Jurassic coal seam groups (9, 11, 12 and 14# coal seams) on the 8105 working surface are mainly mined from the Yongding village mine, wherein the distance between the Jurassic 14# coal seam and the 3-5# coal seam is 130-160 m. According to the comprehensive columnar and drilling data of north disk area of Xinxin mine, the characteristics of the overlying strata of 8105 working surface (table 5) are determined, 24 strata exist between 3-5# coal seams and Jurassic system 14# coal seams, hard sandstone and conglomerate are taken as main materials, and weak mudstone distribution is very little. The method is characterized in that a plurality of layers of dwarfism goafs are covered on an 8105 working face, a plurality of types of coal pillars are reserved in the dwarfism goafs, K21 giant hard sandstone is stored in the dwarfism coal seam overlying rock, the average thickness is about 50m, according to investigation and research analysis on the structure of the overlying dwarfism multi-coal seam mining overlying the 3-5# coal seam 8105 working face of the carbonism, the bearing structure of the overlying site overlying rock is determined to be formed due to the fact that a thick K21 hard rock stratum exists in the overlying dwarfism goafs, and the conclusion that the irregular dynamic loading phenomenon occurs on the working face when the working face of the 3-5# coal seam 8105 is mined is confirmed. The buried depth of the carboniferous coal seam is about 500 m.
TABLE 5 Xin coal mine north disc area comprehensive column and its physical and mechanical parameters
The method comprises the following steps: determining the influence degree of the basic factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree gradep1
The actual intensity index of the impact of the basic factors of Xin-Min 8105 working face on the mine pressure appearance is shown in Table 6.
Table 6 mineral pressure development intensity index table of actual influence of basic factors of Xin mineral 8105 working face
Determining the influence degree of the basic factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree grade according to the formula (1)p1：
Step two: determining the influence degree of the core factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree gradep2
The rigidity of the rock mass is a physical quantity reflecting the bearing characteristic of the rock mass, which shows the integral mechanical characteristic of the rock mass, when the bending rigidity K of a curved surface is increased, the curvature radius of the structure is increased, the size of the formed high-position structure is large, and the structural instability is large in released energy.
According to mining practice and mine pressure appearance factor analysis of the hard roof super-thick coal seam in the great same mining area, determining that instability of a high-level structure of a hard roof thick coal seam stope is a root cause of strong mine pressure. The criterion for high-order structure instability is shown in equation (4).
The actual intensity index of the impact of the core factors of the Xin-Min 8105 working face on the mine pressure appearance is shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 mineral pressure development intensity index table with actual influence of core factors of Xin mineral 8105 working face
Determining the influence degree of the core factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree grade according to the formula (2)p2：
Step three: determining the influence degree of the strengthening factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree gradep3
And table 3 shows the influence of the strengthening factors on the partition and the analysis of the ore pressure development strength index influenced by the partitioning, and the strengthening factors are known from the table to remarkably consider the storage characteristics of the overlying strata and the four adjacent goafs of the evaluated working face and mainly consider the coal pillar reservation, the mining time and the structural characteristics of the overlying strata after mining.
The actual intensity index of the impact of the working face strengthening type factors of Xin-Min 8105 on the ore pressure appearance is shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 actual influence mining pressure development intensity index Table
Determining the influence degree of the strengthening factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree grade according to the formula (5)p3：
According to the theory of the masonry beam of the Qianzhi high institute, when a huge thick and hard rock stratum exists in overlying rocks of a coal seam, the mined-out goaf is easy to form the masonry beam, the masonry beam can be regarded as a bearing structure body, and the mine pressure of an underlying coal seam is easy to be influenced to a certain extent when the structure is unstable; according to the field production practice, when large-scale coal pillars are left in the overlying goaf, the method has important influence on the appearance of the mine pressure of the underlying coal bed, particularly the dynamic load mine pressure. Therefore, the overlying strata structure characteristics of the overlying goaf are mainly analyzed according to whether a large coal pillar is left in the goaf or not and whether a thick-layer hard rock stratum exists in the overlying strata or not.
Step four: determination of the Strength index W of the evaluation of the development Strength of the mine pressurep
Working face mine pressure display strength index WpThe higher the value, the higher the pressure development rating of the evaluation area. An intensity index W evaluated from the development intensity of the pressure by an analytical study of statistics, fuzzy mathematics, etcpThe intensity of the mineral pressure is divided into four intensity grades, namely general mineral pressure, strong mineral pressure and extremely strong mineral pressure.
Determining the Strength index W of the evaluation of the development Strength of the mine pressure according to equation (6)p：
Determined by on-site mine pressure observation and analysis combined with expert scoring, omegapi＝{ωp1,ωp2,ωp3}＝{0.3,0.5,0.2}
Based on the classification standard of the mine pressure appearance intensity grade, the mine pressure appearance intensity grade of the Xinjiang mine 8105 working face is predicted to be IV grade by applying the evaluation of the mine pressure appearance intensity index method, namely, the mine pressure appearance is extremely strong.
The hard roof is generally large in thickness, high in strength, poor in joint crack development, strong in integrity and strong in self-bearing capacity, so that a large-area suspended roof is formed in a goaf under the condition of the hard roof after coal seam mining, natural collapse is not prone to occurring in a short period, the mine pressure display strength of a working face is large, and great difficulty is brought to the roof management of the working face. The existing method for predicting the incoming pressure strength of the hard roof only analyzes one or two factors, neglects other factors influencing the appearance of the mine pressure, cannot comprehensively analyze a plurality of factors influencing the mine pressure, cannot provide relatively accurate theoretical and data support for graded prediction of the incoming pressure strength of a stope under the condition of the hard roof thick coal seam, and restricts prevention, control and prediction of mine pressure disasters under the condition of the hard roof thick coal seam. The invention provides a comprehensive method for the graded prediction of the pressure intensity of a hard roof thick coal seam stope, which relates to a plurality of factors influencing the development of mine pressure, including geological factors and mining factors, wherein the related data can be realized according to geological data, laboratory tests and other modes. The method provides theoretical and data basis for how to adopt mine pressure prevention and control measures in the mining process of the working face, and reduces mine pressure disasters of the working face.
Claims (1)
1. The method for predicting the pressure intensity grading of the hard roof thick coal seam stope is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the influence degree of the basic factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree gradep1
In the formula: a. thep1-the degree of influence of the basic generic factors on the development of the mine pressure and an index of the evaluation of the pressure level;
bi-actual impact strength indices of various basic generic factors;
bmi-maximum intensity index for various basic generic factors;
the intensity indexes of each basic type influence factor and each basic type influence factor are divided into four grades, and the four grades are 0, 1, 2 and 3 from low to high in sequence; wherein 0 represents no influence on the development intensity of the mine pressure, 1 represents weak influence degree on the development intensity of the mine pressure, 2 represents medium influence degree on the development intensity of the mine pressure, 3 represents strong influence degree on the development intensity of the mine pressure, and the table 1 is the index analysis of the basic class factor division and the development intensity of the mine pressure influenced by the basic class factor division;
TABLE 1 basic class factor classification and analysis of ore pressure development intensity index affected thereby
Table sigmagThe construction stress value in the mining area is sigma, and the normal stress value of the adjacent area not affected by the construction is sigma;
step two: determining the influence degree of the core factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree gradep2
In the formula: a. thep2-the degree of influence of core type factors on the development of the mine pressure and an index of the evaluation of the pressure level;
cj-actual impact indices of various core class factors;
cmj-maximum intensity index for various core generic factors;
the intensity indexes of each core type factor and each core type factor are divided into four grades, and the four grades are 0, 1, 2 and 3 from low to high in sequence, wherein 0 represents that the ore pressure display intensity is not influenced, 1 represents that the influence degree on the ore pressure display intensity is weak, 2 represents that the influence degree on the ore pressure display intensity is medium, 3 represents that the influence degree on the ore pressure display intensity is strong, and a table 2 is used for analyzing the ore pressure display intensity indexes of the core type factor influence division and the influence thereof;
TABLE 2 core class factor classification and analysis of ore pressure development intensity index affected thereby
The rigidity K of the curved surface of the high-order structure is as follows:
wherein E is the modulus of elasticity, hHeight ofThe thickness of a far-field high-position hard rock stratum is shown, and v is the Poisson's ratio of a composition structure rock body;
criterion of instability of the high-order structure:
wherein R is the dimension radius of the far-field high-order structure, Dmaxη is the maximum span of the high-position structure when the high-position structure is unstable, I is the section inertia moment, q is the load, α is the rock stratum heterogeneous coefficient, when the overlying rock on the basic top of the stope does not have a hard rock stratum, the high-position structure can not be formed in the overlying rock of the stope, when the hard rock stratum exists in the overlying rock on the basic top of the stope, and k is the hard rock stratumBase ofWhen the number is more than 8, the caving rock stratum in the basic top range can be considered to be filled with the goaf, namely the situation that a high-level structure exists but the caving rock stratum is not unstable is considered; if 6 < kBase ofWhen the total volume is less than or equal to 8, the caving rock stratum in the basic top range is considered to be not full of the goaf, but the underlying free space is small, and at the moment, the stability of the high-position structure needs to be judged by a formula (4); if k isBase ofWhen the total number of the caving rock layers is less than or equal to 6, the caving rock layers in the basic top range are considered to be not full of goafs, a high-level structure is covered on a stope, and the free space under the high-level structure is large, at the moment, the stability of the high-level structure needs to be judged by a formula (4);
step three: determining the influence degree of the strengthening factors on the mine pressure display intensity and the index A for evaluating the pressure degree gradep3
In the formula: a. thep3-the degree of influence of the reinforcement-like factors on the development strength of the mine pressure and an index for rating the pressure strength;
rn-actual impact indices of various reinforcement-like factors;
rmn-maximum intensity index for various reinforcement-like factors;
similarly, the strength index of each strengthening factor and each strengthening factor is divided into four grades, and the four grades are 0, 1, 2 and 3 from low to high, wherein 0 represents no influence on the development strength of the mine pressure, 1 represents weak influence degree on the development strength of the mine pressure, 2 represents medium influence degree on the development strength of the mine pressure, and 3 represents strong influence degree on the development strength of the mine pressure;
table 3 shows the analysis of the mineral pressure development strength index for the influence of the classification and influence of the reinforcing factors;
TABLE 3 enhanced class factor classification and analysis of ore pressure development intensity index for its impact
The width B of the coal pillar in the surface is the working surface of the thick and extra-thick coal seam, and a manner of retaining the coal pillar for protecting the roadway is adopted, and the retained width of the coal pillar in the section does not include the situations that the stoping gate is adopted for protecting the roadway without the coal pillar and mining is carried out on the thin and medium-thick coal seams; the large coal pillar reserved in the overlying goaf refers to a coal pillar with the size of more than 40 m; the thick-layer hard rock stratum in overlying gob overlying strata has the thickness of more than 20m and the compressive strength of more than 60 MPa;
step four: determining a composite strength index W for a mine pressure development strength assessmentp
In the formula: wpMine pressureDisplaying the comprehensive strength index of the strength evaluation;
ωpi-weights of different types of factors on the intensity impact of the pressure development;
ωpi＝{ωp1,ωp2,ωp3}＝{0.3,0.5,0.2}；
working face mine pressure display strength index WpThe value is proportional to the mine pressure display grade of the evaluation area, and the strength index W is evaluated according to the mine pressure display strengthpThe strong degree of the mineral pressure is divided into four intensity grades, which are respectively general mineral pressure, strong mineral pressure and strong mineral pressure, the grading standard is shown in table 4,
table 4 mine pressure development intensity ratings.
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| CN111079311B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-10-29 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Safe processing method for coal pillar-free self-entry roof fracture structure |
| CN111598355B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-11-21 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Hierarchical prediction method for ore pressure of multi-layer hard rock stratum |
| CN111537699A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-14 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Method for distinguishing hard rock stratum of coal mine through multiple indexes |
| CN111734492B (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2021-08-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Intelligent working surface roof fall early warning method based on U-shaped area characteristic parameter extraction |
| CN111828095B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2021-11-19 | 郑州普泽能源科技有限公司 | Dynamic prediction method for top plate incoming pressure |
| CN112906143B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-25 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Fully-mechanized coal mining face mine pressure prediction model establishment method considering data distribution domain adaptation |
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