CN109794568B - Method for determining size of ring rolling blank with special-shaped inner and outer surfaces - Google Patents
Method for determining size of ring rolling blank with special-shaped inner and outer surfaces Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for determining the size of the rolled blank of ring with shaped internal and external surfaces features that the ring is designed and the reverse push is usedThe method comprises the steps of determining the size of the intermediate blank of the ring piece, determining the size of the initial blank of the ring piece, and obtaining the pre-rolling ratio K according to all the parameters of the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece1And a final rolling ratio K2The value is taken within the determined range, so that the parameters of the intermediate blank of the ring piece can be rapidly determined. The method can design a series of different pre-rolling ratios K for rolling the same ring forge piece1Finishing rolling ratio K2The ring piece intermediate blank and the ring piece initial blank improve the design efficiency of ring piece rolling blanks, shorten the production period and reduce the cost. The invention provides an important method and basis for researching the optimal design of the rolling process including the blank, and is beneficial to promoting the further development of the advanced theory and technology of ring rolling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special-shaped ring forming, in particular to a method for determining the size of a ring rolling blank with special-shaped inner and outer surfaces.
Background
During the rolling forming process of the special-shaped ring, the blank size determines the deformation, and further the metal flow rule, the section precision of the ring piece and the temperature distribution uniformity of the ring piece in the rolling process are influenced. Therefore, the blank size is an important geometric parameter, whether the blank size design is reasonable or not determines whether the ring rolling process can be successfully realized, and plays an important role in optimizing the rolling process parameters and the performance of the final ring product. At present, the method for determining the blank rolled by the special-shaped ring still depends on experience and trial and error, so that the size of the ring forging formed by rolling is greatly different from the size of a target ring piece, and the product performance is difficult to ensure. Liancloud provides a design method of blank size of closed radial rolling of an integral double-cone ring piece based on rolling ratio (Liancloud, Lixiao, Liujing, and the like. the design method of blank size of closed radial rolling of the integral double-cone ring piece [ J ] heavy machinery, 2015(6):1-6), a calculation formula of blank size is given by using a volume invariant principle, and a value range of rolling ratio is determined by combining stable forming conditions. The method is only suitable for the conical ring piece with a simpler cross section shape, and the problem of how to manufacture the designed blank is not considered; guoling is a Design method of a TC4 alloy inner T-shaped section special-shaped ring piece blank (Guoling, a Design method of the TC4 alloy inner T-shaped section special-shaped ring piece blank, CN 106984747A [ P ] 2017), the whole ring piece is divided into a plurality of blocks according to equal volume, then the size of each block is calculated independently, and the blocks are combined into a final integral blank. In the method, the values of the rolling ratio and the volume of the boss part of the ring piece are based on experience, and the problem of how to manufacture the designed blank is not considered. In summary, both of the above methods only consider the design of the intermediate blank, and the cross-sectional shape of the designed intermediate blank is highly similar to that of the ring forging and is a special-shaped cross section, however, how to manufacture the designed special-shaped cross-sectional intermediate blank in actual production becomes a big problem, and neither of the above methods considers how to manufacture the intermediate blank. The invention is characterized in that aiming at the inner and outer surface special-shaped ring piece which is designed and proposed, firstly, a two-step forming scheme of pre-rolling and finish rolling is proposed, an initial blank with a rectangular section is manufactured into an intermediate blank with an inner groove through pre-rolling, and then the final inner and outer surface special-shaped ring piece is obtained through finish rolling; secondly, starting from the shape and the size of the special-shaped ring piece on the inner surface and the outer surface, a shape and size determining method of an intermediate blank for a finish rolling process step and a shape and size determining method of an initial blank for a pre-rolling process step are given in sequence; and finally, respectively giving the value ranges of the pre-rolling ratio and the final rolling ratio on the premise of ensuring the smooth proceeding of the pre-rolling process and the final rolling process. The method considers the problem of how to manufacture the intermediate blank, provides a two-step forming scheme of pre-rolling and final rolling, manufactures the intermediate blank through the pre-rolling step, establishes a method for determining the shape and the size of the intermediate blank for final rolling and the initial blank for pre-rolling, provides a scientific means for the design of the blank size for rolling the ring with special shapes on the inner surface and the outer surface, and provides an important method and a foundation for the optimized design of the rolling process including the research of the blank.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that how to manufacture the intermediate blank is not considered in the prior art, the invention provides a method for determining the size of a ring rolling blank with special-shaped inner and outer surfaces.
The specific process of the invention is as follows:
step one, determining the rolling process steps of the ring piece:
the rolling process of the ring piece is divided into a pre-rolling process step and a final rolling process step.
Step two, determining a calculation formula of the size of the intermediate blank of the ring piece:
layering the part above the axial symmetry plane of the ring piece intermediate blank, including the height H of the first layer21Height H of the second layer22Volume V of the first layer21Volume V of the second layer22Height H of the medium diameter section in the first layer211And the height H of the diameter-changing section in the first layer212。
The size of the middle blank of the ring piece comprises the outer diameter D of the middle blank of the ring piece1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1Intermediate blank volume V of ring piece1Height H of intermediate blank of ring piece1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2。
The step of determining the size of the middle blank of the ring piece comprises the outer diameter D of the middle blank of the ring piece1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1Height H of intermediate blank of ring piece1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2The specific process comprises the following steps:
i, layering the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
and layering the part above the axial symmetry plane of the ring piece intermediate blank, and taking the layering parameter of the part above the axial symmetry plane of the ring piece intermediate blank as the layering parameter of the complete ring piece intermediate blank.
And layering the part above the axial symmetry plane of the ring piece intermediate blank. The layering is to divide the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece into a first layer and a second layer along the axial direction; and the boundary of the first layer and the second layer is positioned at the joint of the inner groove bottom and the inner groove wall of the simple special-shaped ring with the inner groove.
The axial symmetry plane of the middle blank of the ring piece after layering is upperThe divided first layer is divided into two sections along the axial direction, the first section is an equal-diameter section, and the second section is a variable-diameter section. The height of the equal diameter section is H211The height of the variable diameter section is H212。
II, determining the volume of each layer above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
each layer above the axial symmetry plane of the blank in the middle of the ring piece comprises a first layer from the end face of the blank to the joint of the inner groove bottom of the simple special-shaped ring with the inner groove and the inner groove wall, and a second layer from the joint of the inner groove bottom of the simple special-shaped ring with the inner groove and the inner groove wall to the center line of the blank.
Determining the volume V of the first layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring according to the formula (2)21：
Determining the volume V of the second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring member according to the formula (3)22：
In the formula, D1、d1And d2Respectively the outer diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, the inner diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece and the intermediate diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, H211Height H of equal-diameter section in first layer divided for part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece212The height of the variable diameter section in the first layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
III determining the longitudinal section area S of the intermediate blank of the ring1The calculation formula of (2);
the longitudinal section area S of the intermediate blank of the ring piece1The longitudinal cross-sectional area of the completed ring intermediate blank. Determined longitudinal section area S of intermediate blank of ring1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
S1＝2(D1-d1)H211+(2D1-d1-d2)H212+2(D1-d2)H22(4)
in the formula, D1、d1And d2Respectively the outer diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, the inner diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece and the middle diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, H211Height H of equal-diameter section in first layer divided for part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece212Height of the reducing section in the first layer divided above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, H22The height of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
IV determining the intermediate blank volume V of the ring1The calculation formula of (2);
the volume V of the intermediate blank of the ring piece1The volume of the complete ring intermediate blank. Determined ring intermediate blank volume V1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
V1＝2(V21+V22) (5)
in the formula, V21Volume of the first layer, V, divided for the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring22The volume of the second layer is divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
V determining the middle blank height H of the ring1The calculation formula of (2);
the height H of the intermediate blank of the ring piece1The height of the completed ring middle blank. Determined ring intermediate blank height H1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
H1＝2(H21+H22) (6)
in the formula, H21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22The height of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
VI determined for calculating the outer diameter D of the intermediate blank of the ring1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula, K2For the final rolling ratio, S2In order to design the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the proposed ring,
in the calculation formula for determining the size of the intermediate blank of the ring piece, the final rolling ratio K is used2Determining a calculation formula of the size of the intermediate blank of the ring piece; k2＞1。
The final rolling ratio K2Is the longitudinal section area S of the intermediate blank of the ring member1And the design of the longitudinal cross-sectional area S of the ring2The ratio of (A) to (B) is represented by formula (1):
step three, determining the size of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
determining the height H of the intermediate blank of the ring1；
By determining the intermediate web height H of the ring1Determining the height H of the intermediate blank of the ring member by the calculation formula (6)1：
By determining the outer diameter D for calculating the intermediate blank of the ring1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2Determining the outer diameter D of the ring middle blank by the calculation formula (8)1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2。
In the formula, K2For the final rolling ratio, S2The longitudinal cross-sectional area of the ring is proposed for the design.
Step four, determining an initial blank size calculation formula of the ring piece;
the initial blank shape of the ring piece is annular. The ruler of the initial blank of the ring pieceInch including ring initial blank outer diameter D0Inner diameter d of initial blank of ring piece0And initial ring stock height H0. The specific process for determining each size calculation formula of the initial blank of the ring piece comprises the following steps:
by a pre-rolling ratio K1Determining a calculation formula of the initial blank size of the ring piece; k1＞1。
The pre-rolling ratio K1Is the longitudinal section area S of the initial blank of the ring piece0Longitudinal section area S of intermediate blank of ring member1The ratio of (A) to (B) is represented by formula (9):
i determining initial blank height H of ring piece0The calculation formula of (2);
the initial blank height H of the ring piece0The height of the initial blank for the completed ring. Determined initial ring blank height H0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
H0＝2(H21+H22) (11)
in the formula, H21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22The height of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
II determining the initial blank inner diameter D of the ring0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
III determining the internal diameter d of the initial ring blank0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
(D0-d0)(H21+H22)＝K1S (17)
in the formula, K1For pre-rolling ratio, S1Is the longitudinal cross-sectional area, H, of the intermediate blank of the ring21A first layer divided above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ringHeight of (H)22Height, V, of the second layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring21Volume of the first layer, V, divided for the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring22The volume of the second layer is divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
IV, determining the longitudinal section area S of the initial blank of the ring piece0The calculation formula of (2);
determined longitudinal section area S of initial blank of ring piece0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
S0＝(D0-d0)H0(15)
step five, determining the initial blank size of the ring piece;
i determining initial blank height H of ring piece0；
By determining the height H of the outer diameter of the initial blank of the ring0Determining the initial blank height H of the ring part by the calculation formula (11)0：
II, determining the outer diameter D of the initial blank of the ring piece0And the inner diameter d of the initial blank of the ring member0；
By determining the initial blank internal diameter D of the ring0And the determined initial ring blank inner diameter d0Determining the outer diameter D of the initial blank of the ring piece by the calculation formula (17)0And the inner diameter d of the initial blank of the ring member0：
Step six, determining a pre-rolling ratio K1And a final rolling ratio K2The value range of (a);
i determining the pre-rolling ratio K1The value range of (a);
determining the pre-rolling ratio K through the formula (21)1The value range of (A):
in the formula (d)pm-MaxMaximum cross-sectional diameter, S, of core-rolls for pre-rolling1Is the longitudinal cross-sectional area, H, of the intermediate blank of the ring21A second part of the ring piece intermediate blank is divided above the axial symmetry planeHeight of one layer, H22Height, V, of the second layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring21Volume of the first layer, V, divided for the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring22The volume of the second layer is divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
II, determining the finish rolling ratio K2The value range of (a);
determining the finish rolling ratio K by the formula (23)2The value range of (A):
in the formula, H211Height H of equal-diameter section in first layer divided for part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece212Height of the reducing section in the first layer divided above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, H22Height, V, of the second layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22Volume of the second layer divided for the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, S1Is the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the intermediate blank of the ring, dfm-MaxMaximum cross-sectional diameter of the core roll for the finishing step, d2The intermediate diameter of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
And determining the size of the ring rolling blank with the special-shaped inner surface and the special-shaped outer surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for determining the size of a ring rolling blank with special-shaped inner and outer surfaces by adopting a reverse design idea and taking the shape and size of the ring with the special-shaped inner and outer surfaces as a starting point. Firstly, a pre-rolling and final-rolling two-step forming scheme is provided, an intermediate blank with an inner groove is obtained by pre-rolling an initial blank with a rectangular cross section, and then the intermediate blank with the inner groove is subjected to final-rolling to obtain an inner-outer surface special-shaped ring piece, so that the problem of how to manufacture the intermediate blank is considered; secondly, by taking the minimum axial flow of the material as a target, adopting a layering thought and based on the equal volume and equal height principle, a method for determining the shape and the size of the intermediate blank for the final rolling step and a method for the pre-rolling step are sequentially providedA method for determining the shape and size of an initial blank; thirdly, respectively giving value ranges of the pre-rolling ratio and the final rolling ratio by considering the constraint conditions of the size of the core roller for the pre-rolling step and the size of the core roller for the final rolling step; finally, only the height H of the first layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece is obtained21The height H of the second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the ring piece intermediate blank22Volume V of first layer divided by part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece21Volume V of the second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece22The height H of the equal-diameter section in the first layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece211Height H of variable diameter section in first layer divided by part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece212Longitudinal section area S of intermediate blank of ring piece1The design provides a longitudinal section area S of the ring piece2Maximum cross-sectional diameter d of core roller used in pre-rolling steppm-MaxAnd the maximum cross-sectional diameter d of the core roll for the finishing stepfm-MaxCan quickly determine the pre-rolling ratio K1And a final rolling ratio K2And the outer diameter D of the intermediate blank of the ring1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring member1Middle diameter d of intermediate blank of ring piece2And a ring intermediate blank height H1And also the outer diameter D of the initial blank of the ring member0Inner diameter d of initial blank of ring piece0And initial ring stock height H0。
The method can design a series of different pre-rolling ratios K for rolling the same ring forge piece1Finishing rolling ratio K2The intermediate blank of the ring piece and the initial blank of the ring piece provide scientific means for the design of the blank size for rolling the ring piece with the special-shaped inner surface and the special-shaped outer surface, and also provide important methods and foundations for the optimized design of the rolling process including the research of the blank. The method for designing the size of the rolled blank is not only suitable for the special-shaped ring piece on the inner surface and the outer surface, but also has certain guiding significance on the design of the size of the rolled blank of other special-shaped ring pieces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a ring design;
FIG. 2a is a longitudinal sectional view of an initial blank of a ring;
FIG. 2b is a longitudinal sectional view of a ring intermediate blank obtained in the pre-rolling step;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of the ring intermediate blank layered above the axial symmetry plane;
FIG. 4a is a longitudinal sectional view of a core roll used in a pre-rolling process step;
FIG. 4b is a longitudinal sectional view of the core roll used in the finishing step;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a ring initial blank; 2. an intermediate ring blank; 3. a first layer; 4. a second layer.
Detailed Description
The embodiment is a method for determining the size of a rolled blank of a ring with special-shaped inner and outer surfaces, and the shape and the size of the blank used in the rolling process are designed according to the structural characteristics and the external dimensions of the ring proposed by design. The method is characterized in that a layering processing method is adopted to layer the rolled blank, and the height and the volume of each divided layer are kept unchanged before and after rolling, so that the method for calculating the shape and the size of the blank in the rolling process is provided.
The design proposes that the inner circumferential surface of the ring is provided with an annular groove, the outer circumferential surface of the ring is composed of equal-diameter sections positioned at two ends of the ring and a conical section positioned in the middle of the ring, and the outer diameters of the two ends of the ring are smaller than the outer diameter of the symmetrical plane of the length direction of the ring, so that the outer circumferential surface of the ring is a conical surface, namely the outer surface of the ring shell has the characteristics of thin middle and thick two ends.
The specific process of this embodiment is:
step one, determining the rolling process steps of the ring piece proposed by design:
the rolling process of the ring piece designed and proposed is divided into a pre-rolling process step and a final rolling process step. The pre-rolling step is to roll an annular blank serving as an initial blank into a simple special-shaped ring with an inner groove on the inner circumferential surface; the initial distribution of the volumes of different sections of the ring-shaped blank is realized through the pre-rolling process step, and a middle blank of the ring piece is obtained; the outer diameter of the intermediate blank of the ring piece is in a straight cylinder shape. And the final rolling step is to further roll and form the ring intermediate blank to the ring designed and proposed.
Step two, determining a calculation formula of the size of the intermediate blank of the ring piece:
by a final rolling ratio K2Determining a calculation formula of the size of the intermediate blank of the ring piece; k2＞1。
The final rolling ratio K2Is the longitudinal section area S of the intermediate blank of the ring member1And the design of the longitudinal cross-sectional area S of the ring2The ratio of (A) to (B) is represented by formula (1):
the shape of the ring intermediate blank is a simple profiled ring with an internal groove in the circumferential inner surface, as shown in fig. 2 b. The dimensions of the intermediate blank of the ring are determined by the following parameters, including its outer diameter D1Inner diameter d1Volume V1Height H1And a pitch diameter d formed in the groove depth direction2. The present embodiment will describe in detail the calculation formula of each determined parameter:
i, layering the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
and layering the part above the axial symmetry plane of the ring piece intermediate blank, and taking the layering parameter of the part above the axial symmetry plane of the ring piece intermediate blank as the layering parameter of the complete ring piece intermediate blank.
And layering the part above the axial symmetry plane of the ring piece intermediate blank. The layering is to divide the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece into a first layer 3 and a second layer 4 along the axial direction; the boundary between the first layer and the second layer is located at the junction of the inner groove bottom and the inner groove wall of the simple special-shaped ring with the inner groove, as shown in fig. 3.
The first layer of the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece after layering is divided into two sections along the axial direction, the first section is an equal-diameter section, and the second section is a variable-diameter section. The height of the equal diameter section is H211The height of the variable diameter section is H212。
II, determining a calculation formula of the volume of each layer above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
each layer above the axial symmetry plane of the blank in the middle of the ring piece comprises a first layer 3 from the end face of the blank to the joint of the inner groove bottom of the simple special-shaped ring with the inner groove and the inner groove wall, and a second layer 4 from the joint of the inner groove bottom of the simple special-shaped ring with the inner groove and the inner groove wall to the center line of the blank.
Determining the volume V of the first layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring according to the formula (2)21：
Determining the volume V of the second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring member according to the formula (3)22：
In the formula, D1、d1And d2Respectively the outer diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, the inner diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece and the intermediate diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, H211Height H of equal-diameter section in first layer divided for part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece212The height of the variable diameter section in the first layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
III determining the longitudinal section area S of the intermediate blank of the ring1The calculation formula of (2);
in fig. 3 a partial longitudinal sectional view is given above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, but in practice the longitudinal sectional area S of the intermediate blank of the ring is calculated1When considering the part below the axial symmetry plane, the longitudinal section area S of the intermediate blank of the ring piece1The longitudinal cross-sectional area of the completed ring intermediate blank. Calculating the longitudinal section area S of the intermediate blank of the ring piece according to the formula (4)1：
S1＝2(D1-d1)H211+(2D1-d1-d2)H212+2(D1-d2)H22(4)
In the formula, D1、d1And d2Respectively the outer diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, the inner diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece and the intermediate diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, H211Height H of equal-diameter section in first layer divided for part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece212Height of the reducing section in the first layer divided above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, H22The height of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
IV determining the intermediate blank volume V of the ring1The calculation formula of (2);
in fig. 3 a partial longitudinal sectional view is given of the intermediate blank of the ring above the axial symmetry plane, but in practice the intermediate blank volume V of the ring is calculated1When considering the part below the axial symmetry plane, the intermediate blank volume V of the ring is1Intermediate blank volume V for complete ring1. Calculating the volume V of the intermediate blank of the ring piece according to the formula (5)1：
V1＝2(V21+V22) (5)
In the formula, V21Height, V, of the first layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22The height of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
V determining the middle blank height H of the ring1The calculation formula of (2);
in fig. 3 a partial longitudinal sectional view is given of the middle blank of the ring above the axial symmetry plane, but in practice the height H of the middle blank of the ring is calculated1When considering the part below the axial symmetry plane, the height H of the middle blank of the ring piece1Intermediate blank height H for complete ring1. Calculating the height H of the intermediate blank of the ring piece according to the formula (6)1：
H1＝2(H21+H22) (6)
In the formula, H21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22The height of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
Step three, determining the size of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
determining the height H of the intermediate blank of the ring1；
Determining the height H of the intermediate blank of the ring piece by the formula (6)1：
H1＝2(H21+H22) (6)
In the formula, H21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22The height of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
Determining the outer diameter D of the intermediate blank of the ring1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2；
Combining formula (1) and formula (4) to give formula (7):
2(D1-d1)H211+(2D1-d1-d2)H212+2(D1-d2)H22＝K2S2(7)
in the formula, S1Is the longitudinal cross-sectional area, K, of the intermediate blank of the ring2For the final rolling ratio, S2Longitudinal cross-sectional area of ring member, H, proposed for design211Height H of equal-diameter section in first layer divided for part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece212Height of the reducing section in the first layer divided above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, H22The height of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
Determining the outer diameter D of the intermediate blank of the ring by the formula (8)1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2。
In the formula, K2For the final rolling ratio, S2Longitudinal cross-sectional area of ring member, H, proposed for design21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22Height of the second layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring211Height H of equal-diameter section in first layer divided for part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece212The height of the variable diameter section in the first layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
Step four, determining an initial blank size calculation formula of the ring piece;
by a pre-rolling ratio K1Determining a calculation formula of the initial blank size of the ring piece; k1＞1。
The pre-rolling ratio K1Is the longitudinal section area S of the initial blank of the ring piece0Longitudinal section area S of intermediate blank of ring member1The ratio of (A) to (B) is represented by formula (9):
the ring initial blank is ring-shaped as shown in figure 2 a. The dimensions of the initial blank of the ring include the outer diameter D0Inner diameter d0And height H0. The calculation formula for determining the sizes of the initial blank of the ring piece is as follows:
i, calculating the initial blank height H of the ring0；
The initial blank height H of the ring0Is the height of the completed blank.
The pre-rolling step is to roll the ring blank into a simple special-shaped ring with an inner groove, the flowing directions of metal materials are mainly radial and circumferential in the rolling process, the axial flowing is ignored, and therefore the initial blank height H of the ring piece0Before and after rolling, and because of the initial ringRolling the initial blank to obtain a ring intermediate blank, so that the initial blank height H of the ring is0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
H0＝H1(10)
in the formula, H1Is the ring middle blank height.
Combining the vertical type (6) and the formula (10) to obtain the initial blank height H of the ring piece0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
H0＝2(H21+H22) (11)
in the formula, H21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22The height of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
II, calculating the initial blank volume V of the ring piece0；
Initial blank volume V of the ring0Is the volume of the complete blank.
Calculating the initial blank volume V of the ring according to the formula (12)0：
Based on the principle of unchanged plastic forming volume, the initial blank volume V of the ring piece0Before and after rolling, the volume V of the initial blank of the ring is calculated because the intermediate blank of the ring is obtained after the initial blank of the ring is rolled0The formula of (1) is:
V0＝V1(13)
in the formula, V1Is the intermediate blank volume of the ring.
Combining the vertical type (5) and the formula (13) to obtain the initial blank volume V of the ring piece0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
V0＝2(V21+V22) (14)
in the formula, V21Height, V, of the first layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22Axially symmetrical to the intermediate blank of the ringThe height of the second layer divided by the upper portion.
III calculating the longitudinal section area S of the initial blank of the ring piece0；
Determined longitudinal section area S of initial blank of ring piece0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
S0＝(D0-d0)H0(15)
IV, calculating the outer diameter D of the initial blank of the ring piece0And the inner diameter d of the initial blank of the ring member0；
United type (11), formula (12) and formula (14) to obtain formula (16):
united (9), formula (11) and formula (15) to obtain formula (17):
2(D0-d0)(H21+H22)＝K1S1(17)
in the formula, K1For pre-rolling ratio, S1Is the longitudinal cross-sectional area, H, of the intermediate blank of the ring21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22Height, V, of the second layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring21Volume of the first layer, V, divided for the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring22The volume of the second layer is divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
The outer diameter D of the initial blank of the ring can be calculated according to the formula (16) and the formula (17)0And the inner diameter d of the initial blank of the ring member0。
Step five, determining the initial blank size of the ring piece;
determining the initial blank height H of the ring0；
Determining the initial blank height H of the ring part by the formula (11)0：
H0＝2(H21+H22) (11)
In the formula, H21In the axial direction of the intermediate blank of the ringHeight of the first layer divided above the plane of symmetry, H22The height of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
A combined vertical type (16) and a formula (17) are used for determining the outer diameter D of the initial blank of the ring piece0And the inner diameter d of the initial blank of the ring member0。
In the formula, K1For pre-rolling ratio, S1Is the longitudinal cross-sectional area, H, of the intermediate blank of the ring21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22Height, V, of the second layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring21Volume of the first layer, V, divided for the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring22The volume of the second layer is divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
Step six, determining a pre-rolling ratio K1And a final rolling ratio K2The value range of (a);
i determining the pre-rolling ratio K1The value range of (a);
in order to ensure the smooth proceeding of the pre-rolling process, two conditions need to be satisfied: firstly, the constraint of the size of a core roller used in the step is considered when designing the initial blank of the ring piece, namely the inner diameter of the designed initial blank of the ring piece is larger than the maximum section diameter of the core roller used in the step; second, the pre-rolling ratio K1Is greater than 1. Only if the two conditions are met simultaneously, the smooth operation of the rolling process of the step can be ensured. FIG. 4a is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a core roll used in the pre-rolling step. In the figure, dpm-MaxThe maximum cross-sectional diameter of the core roll used in the pre-rolling step.
Initial ring blank inner diameter d0Larger than the maximum cross-sectional diameter d of the core roller used in the process steppm-Max：
d0＞dpm-Max(20)
Due to the inner diameter d of the initial blank of the ring0Determined by the formula (19), the pre-rolling ratio K is carried in by combining the vertical type (19) and the formula (20)1More than 1, obtaining a pre-rolling ratio K1The value range of (A):
in the formula (d)pm-MaxMaximum cross-sectional diameter, S, of core-rolls for pre-rolling1Is the longitudinal cross-sectional area, H, of the intermediate blank of the ring21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22Height, V, of the second layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring21Volume of the first layer, V, divided for the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring22The volume of the second layer is divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
II, determining the finish rolling ratio K2The value range of (a);
in the final rolling process, two conditions need to be satisfied: firstly, when designing the intermediate blank of the ring piece, the constraint of the size of a core roller used in the process step needs to be considered, namely the inner diameter of the designed intermediate blank of the ring piece is larger than the maximum section diameter of the core roller used in the process step; second, finish rolling ratio K2Is greater than 1. FIG. 4b is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the core roll used in the finishing step. In the figure, dfm-MaxThe maximum cross-sectional diameter of the core roll used in the finishing step.
Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1Larger than the maximum section diameter of the core roller used in the process step:
d1＞dfm-Max(22)
the combined vertical type (8) and the formula (22) are used for obtaining the final rolling ratio K2The value range of (A) is represented by formula (23):
in the formula, H211As intermediate blanks for ringsHeight of constant diameter section in first layer divided above axial symmetry plane, H212Height of the reducing section in the first layer divided above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, H22Height, V, of the second layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22Volume of the second layer divided for the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, S1Is the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the intermediate blank of the ring, dfm-MaxMaximum cross-sectional diameter of the core roll for the finishing step, d2The intermediate diameter of the intermediate blank of the ring piece.
In summary, the ring middle blank height H1The outer diameter D of the intermediate blank of the ring is determined by the formula (6)1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring2Determined by formula (8); initial ring blank height H0The outer diameter D of the initial blank of the ring is determined by the formula (11)0The initial ring blank inner diameter d is determined by the formula (18)0Determined by formula (19); pre-rolling ratio K1Is determined by the formula (21), and the final rolling ratio K2Is determined by equation (23).
The design of this embodiment proposes a longitudinal cross-sectional area S of a ring2Is 6366.3mm2Height H of first layer divided above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring member2144.2mm, the height H of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring member22Volume V of the first layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring member and being 49.8mm21Is 3.5 × 106mm3Volume V of the second layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring member22Is 3.8 × 106mm3The height H of the equal-diameter section in the first layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the middle blank of the ring piece21134.1mm, the height H of the variable diameter section in the first layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the middle blank of the ring piece21210.1mm, the maximum cross-sectional diameter d of the core roll used in the finishing stepfm-Max220mm, the maximum cross-sectional diameter d of the core roll used in the pre-rolling steppm-MaxAt 210mm, all the parameters mentioned above are substituted into formula (8) and formula (21) in sequence) And (23) obtaining a pre-rolling ratio K1Has a value range of K1∈ (1,2.51), finishing rolling ratio K2Has a value range of K2∈ (1, 2.83). table 1 shows all the parameter values required to be input and obtained in this example.
At a pre-rolling ratio of K1And a final rolling ratio K2Within the value range of (A), 3 groups of different pre-rolling ratios K are respectively selected1And a final rolling ratio K2And combining all the parameter values required to be input and acquired from the table 1, sequentially substituting the parameter values into a formula (1), a formula (6), a formula (8), a formula (11), a formula (18) and a formula (19), and solving to obtain the intermediate blank size of the ring piece and the initial blank size of the ring piece, which are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 1 all parameter values to be entered
TABLE 2 different K1And K2Dimensions of the lower ring initial blank and the ring intermediate blank
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining the size of a ring rolling blank with special-shaped inner and outer surfaces is characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific process is as follows:
step one, determining the rolling process steps of the ring piece:
the rolling process of the ring piece is divided into a pre-rolling process step and a finish-rolling process step;
step two, determining a calculation formula of the size of the intermediate blank of the ring piece:
the size of the middle blank of the ring piece comprises the outer diameter D of the middle blank of the ring piece1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1Intermediate blank volume V of ring piece1Ring piece intermediate blank height H1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2；
I, layering the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
layering the part above the axial symmetry plane of the ring piece intermediate blank, and taking the layering parameters of the part above the axial symmetry plane of the ring piece intermediate blank as the layering parameters of the complete ring piece intermediate blank;
the layering is to divide the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece into a first layer and a second layer along the axial direction; the boundary of the first layer and the second layer is positioned at the joint of the bottom of the inner groove and the inner groove wall of the simple special-shaped ring with the inner groove;
the first layer of the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece after layering is divided into two sections along the axial direction, the first section is an equal-diameter section, and the second section is a variable-diameter section;
II, determining a calculation formula of the volume of each layer above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
determining the volume V of the first layer divided by the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring according to the formula (2)21The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
determining the volume V of the second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring member according to the formula (3)22The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula, D1、d1And d2Respectively the outer diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, the inner diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece and the intermediate diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, H211Height H of equal-diameter section in first layer divided for part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece212Height of the reducing section in the first layer divided above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, H22The height of a second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
III determining the longitudinal section area S of the intermediate blank of the ring1The calculation formula of (2);
the longitudinal section area S of the intermediate blank of the ring piece1The longitudinal section area of the middle blank of the complete ring piece; determined longitudinal section area S of intermediate blank of ring1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
S1＝2(D1-d1)H211+(2D1-d1-d2)H212+2(D1-d2)H22(4)
in the formula, D1、d1And d2Respectively the outer diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, the inner diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece and the intermediate diameter of the middle blank of the ring piece, H211Height H of equal-diameter section in first layer divided for part above axial symmetry plane of intermediate blank of ring piece212Height of the reducing section in the first layer divided above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, H22The height of a second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
IV determining the intermediate blank volume V of the ring1The calculation formula of (2);
the volume V of the intermediate blank of the ring piece1Volume of the completed ring intermediate blank; determined ring intermediate blank volume V1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
V1＝2(V21+V22) (5)
in the formula, V21Volume of the first layer, V, divided for the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring22The volume of the second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
v determining the middle blank height H of the ring1The calculation formula of (2);
the height H of the intermediate blank of the ring piece1The height of the completed ring intermediate blank; determined ring intermediate blank height H1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
H1＝2(H21+H22) (6)
in the formula, H21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22The height of a second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
VI determined for calculating the outer diameter D of the intermediate blank of the ring1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula, K2For final rolling ratio, K2＞1；S2In order to design the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the proposed ring,
the final rolling ratio K2Is the longitudinal section area S of the intermediate blank of the ring member1And the design of the longitudinal cross-sectional area S of the ring2The ratio of (A) to (B) is represented by formula (1):
step three, determining the size of the intermediate blank of the ring piece:
by determining the height H of the intermediate blank for calculating the ring1Determining the height H of the intermediate blank of the ring piece by the calculation formula (6)1：
By determining the outer diameter D for calculating the intermediate blank of the ring1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2The outer diameter D of the intermediate blank of the ring piece is obtained by the calculation formula (8)1Inner diameter d of intermediate blank of ring1And the intermediate diameter d of the intermediate blank of the ring member2；
Step four, determining an initial blank size calculation formula of the ring piece;
the initial blank of the ring piece is annular; the size of the initial blank of the ring piece comprises the outer diameter D of the initial blank of the ring piece0Inner diameter d of initial blank of ring piece0And initial ring stock height H0(ii) a By passingPre-rolling ratio K1Determining a calculation formula of the initial blank size of the ring piece; k1＞1；
The pre-rolling ratio K1Is the longitudinal section area S of the initial blank of the ring piece0Longitudinal section area S of intermediate blank of ring member1The ratio of (A) to (B) is represented by formula (9):
determined initial ring blank outer diameter D0Inner diameter d of initial blank of ring piece0The calculation formulas of (A) and (B) are respectively as follows:
in the formula, K1For pre-rolling ratio, S1Is the longitudinal cross-sectional area, H, of the intermediate blank of the ring21The height of a first layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece; h22The height of a second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece; v21The volume of a first layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece; v22The volume of the second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
determined initial ring blank height H0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
H0＝2(H21+H22) (11)
in the formula, H21The height of a first layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece; h22The height of a second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
step five, determining the initial blank size of the ring piece;
i determining initial blank height of ring pieceH0；
By determining the initial blank height H of the ring0Determining the initial blank height H of the ring part by the calculation formula (11)0：
II, determining the outer diameter D of the initial blank of the ring piece0And the inner diameter d of the initial blank of the ring member0；
By determining the initial blank outer diameter D of the ring0Inner diameter d of initial blank of ring piece0Determine the initial ring blank outer diameter D by the calculation formulas (18) and (19)0And the inner diameter d of the initial blank of the ring member0；
Step six, determining a pre-rolling ratio K1And a final rolling ratio K2The value range of (a);
i determining the pre-rolling ratio K1The value range of (a);
determining the pre-rolling ratio K through the formula (21)1The value range of (A):
in the formula (d)pm-MaxMaximum cross-sectional diameter, S, of core-rolls for pre-rolling1Is the longitudinal cross-sectional area, H, of the intermediate blank of the ring21Height of the first layer, H, divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22Height, V, of the second layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring21Volume of the first layer, V, divided for the upper part of the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring22The volume of the second layer divided by the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
II, determining the finish rolling ratio K2The value range of (a);
determining the finish rolling ratio K by the formula (23)2The value range of (A):
in the formula, H211Of intermediate diameter sections of the first layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ringHeight, H212Height, H, of the diameter-reducing section in the first layer divided above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring22Height, V, of the second layer divided above the axial plane of symmetry of the intermediate blank of the ring22Volume of the second layer divided for the part above the axial symmetry plane of the intermediate blank of the ring, S2Longitudinal cross-sectional area of ring elements, d, proposed for designfm-MaxMaximum cross-sectional diameter of the core roll for the finishing step, d2The intermediate diameter of the intermediate blank of the ring piece;
and determining the size of the ring rolling blank with the special-shaped inner surface and the special-shaped outer surface.
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| CN112453293B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-06-07 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Rolling method of special-shaped ring with L-shaped section |
| CN113680932A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Near-net composite rolling forming method for large-sized outer contour abrupt cross-section ring piece |
| CN113941675A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-18 | 武汉理工大学 | Near-net rolling forming method for large-sized abrupt-change cross-section ring piece |
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