CN109793856B - Preparation method of dendrobium officinale powder - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of dendrobium officinale powder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) pretreating materials; (2) shearing and stirring; (3) freeze-drying treatment; (4) carrying out enzymolysis treatment; (5) carrying out high-pressure homogenization treatment; (6) fermentation treatment; (7) carrying out vacuum concentration treatment; (8) and (5) spray drying treatment. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the enzymolysis treatment is matched with fermentation treatment to generate a biological and chemical multiplication effect, the enzymolysis treatment not only can preliminarily carry out enzymolysis on the dendrobium fiber, but also can convert cellulose and hemicellulose in the dendrobium into fermentable glycogen to provide nutrients for subsequent acid production by lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria, and further hydrolyze the cellulose under an acidic condition; meanwhile, the fiber is further hydrolyzed by enzymes generated after metabolism of the bacillus, a firm ester bond between lignin and cellulose is destroyed, and the prepared dendrobium officinale powder has high fiber content, good dispersibility and high dendrobium raw material utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant powder processing, in particular to a preparation method of dendrobium officinale powder.
Background
Dendrobium nobile is recorded in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing (Shen nong's herbal Jing), and Dendrobium nobile recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia includes Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium chrysotoxum, Dendrobium fimbriatum and Dendrobium officinale. Herba Dendrobii has effects of benefiting stomach, promoting fluid production, nourishing yin and clearing heat. Can be used for treating fever, body fluid consumption, dry mouth, polydipsia, stomach yin deficiency, anorexia, retching, persistent asthenic fever after illness, hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency, bone steaming, fatigue, dim eyesight, and flaccidity of tendons and bones. Dendrobium nobile is called as "Zhonghuaxiancao" in folk, is the only source of famous and precious Chinese medicine decoction pieces of Chinese sweetgum, and is divided into fresh dendrobium nobile and dry dendrobium nobile according to the difference of water content. The main component of the dendrobium nobile is polysaccharide and also contains a small amount of alkaloid, and the modern pharmacodynamics research shows that the dendrobium nobile has the effects of resisting aging, resisting tumors, reducing blood sugar, improving the immunologic function and the like and also has good curative effect on preventing and treating malignant tumors, gastrointestinal diseases and the like. In addition, the dendrobium contains dendrobium fibers rich in cellulose, so that the peristalsis of intestines and stomach can be increased, and the metabolic wastes can be normally discharged out of the body; various metabolic wastes are adsorbed and normally discharged out of the body.
At present, many products related to dendrobium officinale in the market comprise capsules, oral liquid, dropping pills and the like, and many health-care products are used. Most products directly use the dendrobium officinale medicinal material powder or the decoction extract of the dendrobium officinale medicinal material powder, the extraction rate of the adopted method is low, and the original shortage of dendrobium officinale medicinal material resources is wasted. In order to solve the problems, the invention patent with the patent application number of CN200910193293.9 (publication number of CN101700361A) discloses a preparation method of dendrobium officinale instant powder and various related formulations thereof, which is dendrobium officinale instant granules prepared by combining and processing low-temperature extract of dendrobium officinale obtained by modern vacuum blasting, reverse membrane permeation, freeze drying, spray drying and other modern extraction and separation technologies with raw materials such as maltodextrin, dietary cellulose and the like, and the dendrobium officinale instant granules are processed to prepare formulations such as granules, effervescent tablets, capsules, oral liquid and the like on the basis. The method improves the extraction rate of the dendrobium officinale medicinal material, ensures the bioavailability of the dendrobium officinale to the maximum extent, and simultaneously preserves the original fragrance of the dendrobium officinale, so that the dendrobium officinale is more convenient to take.
However, the extraction of the dendrobium fiber by the above means is very limited, thereby causing waste of dendrobium raw materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of dendrobium officinale powder with high dendrobium fiber content, good dispersibility and high dendrobium raw material utilization rate aiming at the current situation of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a preparation method of dendrobium officinale powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) material pretreatment: drying fresh dendrobium strips to obtain dried dendrobium strips with the moisture content of less than or equal to 6%, grinding the dried dendrobium strips into powder, and screening to select dendrobium powder A with the particle size of less than 200-300 meshes;
(2) shearing and stirring treatment: adding 5-30 parts by mass of the dendrobium powder A obtained in the step (1) into 1000 parts by mass of water, shearing and stirring, and filtering to obtain a primary extract B and wet residues C;
(3) and (3) freeze-drying treatment: carrying out freeze-drying treatment on the wet residue C obtained in the step (2) to obtain dry powder D;
(4) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: adding cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase into the dry powder D obtained in the step (3) for enzymolysis, wherein the adding amounts of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase are 80-450 u/g of the dry powder D, 80-150 u/g of the dry powder D and 40-225 u/g of the dry powder D respectively, the enzymolysis temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 3-4 hours, so that enzymolysis slurry E is obtained;
(5) high-pressure homogenization treatment: carrying out high-pressure homogenization treatment on the enzymolysis slurry E obtained in the step (4) to obtain homogenized slurry F;
(6) fermentation treatment: inoculating 0.1-0.7 g/L of lactobacillus bulgaricus, 0.01-0.07 g/L of wet streptococcus, 0.05-0.15 g/L of lactobacillus acidophilus and 0.1-0.2 g/L of bacillus into the homogeneous slurry F obtained in the step (5) according to the mass-volume ratio, adding 1-8% of lactose, 1-4% of glucose and 1-2% of sucrose according to the mass ratio, and fermenting for 15-20 hours at the temperature of 35.5-37.5 ℃; inoculating 20-100 g/L acetic acid bacteria according to the mass-volume ratio, simultaneously adding edible alcohol accounting for 1-6% of the total amount of the fermentation liquid according to the mass ratio, continuing aerobic fermentation for 30-45 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and stopping fermentation when the pH value is 2-3 at the fermentation end point; adjusting the pH value to 4-6 by adopting sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, obtaining fermentation slurry G, and sterilizing;
(7) vacuum concentration treatment: combining the fermentation slurry G obtained in the step (6) with the primary extract B obtained in the step (2), and carrying out vacuum concentration treatment to obtain a concentrated solution H;
(8) spray drying treatment: and (5) carrying out spray drying on the concentrated solution H obtained in the step (7) to obtain the required dendrobium officinale powder.
Preferably, in the step (1), the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 5-8 hours.
Preferably, the shearing and stirring temperature in the step (2) is 40-60 ℃, and the shearing and stirring time is 1-3 hours.
Preferably, the freeze-drying temperature in the step (3) is-30 to-50 ℃, and the freeze-drying time is 24 to 108 hours.
Preferably, the enzyme activities of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase in the step (4) are respectively 5-15 ten thousand U/g, 5-15 ten thousand U/g and 2.5-7.5 ten thousand U/g.
Preferably, in the step (5), the homogenizing pressure is 20-40 Mpa, the homogenizing pressure is 5-10 Mpa, and the homogenizing temperature is 50-70 ℃.
Preferably, the concentration multiple of the vacuum concentration treatment in the step (7) is 6.6-40 times.
Further, the vacuum degree of the vacuum concentration treatment in the step (7) is 0.1Mpa, and the temperature is 65 ℃.
Preferably, the spray drying treatment in step (8) comprises the steps of: and adding 0.2-1.0 part by mass of water-soluble colloid, 1.2-7.5 parts by mass of dextrin and 0.9-4.5 parts by mass of modified starch into the combined fermentation slurry G and primary extraction liquid B, and spraying after dissolving.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the fresh dendrobium strips are dried, ground and screened, so that the subsequent treatment is facilitated;
(2) the shearing and stirring can play a role in fully swelling the fibers;
(3) the freeze-drying treatment can improve the wall-breaking rate of the dendrobium fiber, and remove free water and bound water in the dendrobium fiber to form a loose, porous and multi-site structure, so that the subsequent enzymolysis treatment is more facilitated, and the enzymolysis treatment efficiency is improved;
(4) enzymolysis treatment is adopted to be matched with fermentation treatment, and a biological and chemical multiplication effect is generated: the enzymolysis treatment not only can preliminarily carry out enzymolysis on the dendrobium fiber, but also can convert cellulose and hemicellulose in the dendrobium into fermentable glycogen to provide nutrients for subsequent acid production by lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria metabolism, and further hydrolyze the cellulose under the acidic condition; meanwhile, the fiber is further hydrolyzed by enzymes generated after the metabolism of the bacillus, and a firm ester bond formed between the lignin and the cellulose is damaged;
(5) the high-pressure homogenizing treatment can improve the uniformity and stability of the slurry;
(6) the spray drying treatment can improve the properties of the food, and is more beneficial to the absorption and utilization of the human body.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
(1) material pretreatment: drying fresh dendrobium strips for 5 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain dried dendrobium strips with the moisture content of 5.2%, grinding the dried dendrobium strips into powder, and screening to select dendrobium powder A with the particle size of less than 200 meshes;
(2) shearing and stirring treatment: adding 5g of the dendrobium powder A obtained in the step (1) into 1000g of water, shearing and stirring at 40 ℃ for 1 hour, fully swelling fibers, and filtering to obtain a primary extract B and wet residues C;
(3) and (3) freeze-drying treatment: freeze-drying the wet residue C obtained in the step (2) at-30 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain dry powder D, wherein the freeze-drying treatment can improve the wall breaking rate of the dendrobium fiber and remove free water and bound water in the dendrobium to form a loose and porous structure which is more favorable for subsequent treatment;
(4) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: adding cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase into the dry powder D obtained in the step (3) for enzymolysis, wherein the adding amounts of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase are respectively 80U/g of the dry powder D, 80U/g of the dry powder D and 40U/g of the dry powder D, the enzyme activities of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase are respectively 5 ten thousand U/g, 5 ten thousand U/g and 2.5 ten thousand U/g, the enzymolysis temperature is 40 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 3 hours, so as to obtain enzymolysis slurry E;
(5) high-pressure homogenization treatment: homogenizing the enzymolysis slurry E obtained in the step (4) at high pressure of 20MPa, low pressure of 5MPa and 50 deg.C to obtain homogenized slurry F;
(6) fermentation treatment: inoculating lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptococcus hygropyreus, lactobacillus acidophilus and bacillus into the homogenized slurry F obtained in the step (5), adding lactose, glucose and sucrose, fermenting at the initial pH of 5.23 at the temperature of 35.5 ℃ for 15 hours, and reducing the pH of the feed liquid to 4.57; inoculating acetic acid bacteria, adding edible alcohol to promote acetic acid process, continuing aerobic fermentation at 30 deg.C for 30 hr, and stopping fermentation when pH is 2 at fermentation end point; adjusting pH to 4 with sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate to obtain fermentation slurry G, and sterilizing;
wherein the mass volume ratios of the added lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptococcus hygropyreus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus and acetic acid bacteria to the homogeneous slurry F are respectively 0.1g/L, 0.01g/L, 0.05g/L, 0.1g/L and 20 g/L;
the mass ratios of the added lactose, glucose and sucrose to the homogeneous slurry F are 1%, 1% and 1% respectively;
the mass ratio of the added edible alcohol to the fermentation liquid is 1 percent;
(7) vacuum concentration treatment: mixing the fermentation slurry G obtained in the step (6) with the primary extract B obtained in the step (2), and concentrating under vacuum at a temperature of 65 ℃ and a vacuum degree of 0.1Mpa by 40 times to obtain a concentrated solution H;
(8) spray drying treatment: and (4) adding 0.2g of water-soluble colloid, 1.2g of dextrin and 0.9g of modified starch into the concentrated solution H obtained in the step (7), dissolving, and spraying to obtain the required dendrobium officinale powder.
Preparation of a test sample: and (5) carrying out repeated experiments, and drying filter residues obtained after the fermentation slurry G is subjected to suction filtration to obtain dry residues.
Example 2:
(1) material pretreatment: drying fresh dendrobium strips at 90 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain dried dendrobium strips with the water content of 4.8%, grinding the dried dendrobium strips into powder, and screening to select dendrobium powder A with the particle size of less than 250 meshes;
(2) shearing and stirring treatment: adding 10g of the dendrobium powder A obtained in the step (1) into 1000g of water, shearing and stirring at 50 ℃ for 2 hours, fully swelling fibers, and filtering to obtain a primary extract B and wet residues C;
(3) and (3) freeze-drying treatment: freeze-drying the wet residue C obtained in the step (2) at-40 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain dry powder D, wherein the freeze-drying treatment can improve the wall breaking rate of the dendrobium fiber and remove free water and bound water in the dendrobium to form a loose and porous structure which is more favorable for subsequent treatment;
(4) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: adding cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase into the dry powder D obtained in the step (3) for enzymolysis, wherein the adding amounts of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase are respectively 200U/g of the dry powder D, 200U/g of the dry powder D and 100U/g of the dry powder D, the enzyme activities of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase are respectively 10 ten thousand U/g, 10 ten thousand U/g and 5 ten thousand U/g, the enzymolysis temperature is 45 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 3.5 hours, so as to obtain enzymolysis slurry E;
(5) high-pressure homogenization treatment: homogenizing the enzymolysis slurry E obtained in the step (4) at high pressure of 30MPa, 7.5MPa and 60 ℃ to obtain homogenized slurry F;
(6) fermentation treatment: inoculating lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptococcus hygropyreus, lactobacillus acidophilus and bacillus into the homogenized slurry F obtained in the step (5), adding lactose, glucose and sucrose, fermenting at the initial pH of 5.25 for 17 hours at the temperature of 36.5 ℃, and reducing the pH of the feed liquid to 4.47; inoculating acetic acid bacteria, adding edible alcohol to promote acetic acid process, continuing aerobic fermentation at 32 deg.C for 35 hr, and stopping fermentation when pH is 2.5 at fermentation end point; adjusting pH to 5 with sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate to obtain fermentation slurry G, and sterilizing;
wherein the mass volume ratios of the added lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptococcus hygropyreus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus and acetic acid bacteria to the homogeneous slurry F are respectively 0.4g/L, 0.04g/L, 0.1g/L, 0.15g/L and 50 g/L;
the mass ratios of the added lactose, glucose and sucrose to the homogenized slurry F are 4%, 2% and 1.5% respectively;
the mass ratio of the added edible alcohol to the fermentation liquid is 3 percent;
(7) vacuum concentration treatment: mixing the fermentation slurry G obtained in the step (6) with the primary extract B obtained in the step (2), and performing vacuum concentration for 20 times at the temperature of 65 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 0.1Mpa to obtain a concentrated solution H;
(8) spray drying treatment: and (4) adding 0.4g of water-soluble colloid, 3g of dextrin and 1.5g of modified starch into the concentrated solution H obtained in the step (7), dissolving, and spraying to obtain the required dendrobium officinale powder.
Preparation of a test sample: and (5) carrying out repeated experiments, and drying filter residues obtained after the fermentation slurry G is subjected to suction filtration to obtain dry residues.
Example 3:
(1) material pretreatment: drying fresh dendrobium strips for 8 hours at 100 ℃ to obtain dried dendrobium strips with the water content of 3.7%, grinding the dried dendrobium strips into powder, and screening to select dendrobium powder A with the particle size of less than 300 meshes;
(2) shearing and stirring treatment: adding 30g of the dendrobium powder A obtained in the step (1) into 1000g of water, shearing and stirring for 3 hours at 60 ℃, fully swelling fibers, and filtering to obtain a primary extract B and wet residues C;
(3) and (3) freeze-drying treatment: freeze-drying the wet residue C obtained in the step (2) at-50 ℃ for 108 hours to obtain dry powder D, wherein the freeze-drying treatment can improve the wall breaking rate of the dendrobium fiber and remove free water and bound water in the dendrobium to form a loose and porous structure which is more favorable for subsequent treatment;
(4) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: adding cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase into the dry powder D obtained in the step (3) for enzymolysis, wherein the adding amounts of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase are respectively 450U/g of the dry powder D, 450U/g of the dry powder D and 225U/g of the dry powder D, the enzyme activities of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase are respectively 15 ten thousand U/g, 15 ten thousand U/g and 7.5 ten thousand U/g, the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 4 hours, so as to obtain enzymolysis slurry E;
(5) high-pressure homogenization treatment: homogenizing the enzymolysis slurry E obtained in the step (4) at high pressure of 40MPa, 10MPa and 70 deg.C to obtain homogenized slurry F;
(6) fermentation treatment: inoculating lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptococcus hygropyreus, lactobacillus acidophilus and bacillus into the homogenized slurry F obtained in the step (5), adding lactose, glucose and sucrose, fermenting at the initial pH of 5.24 at 37.5 ℃ for 20 hours, and reducing the pH of the feed liquid to 4.49; inoculating acetic acid bacteria, adding edible alcohol to promote acetic acid process, continuing aerobic fermentation at 35 deg.C for 45 hr, and stopping fermentation when pH is 3 at fermentation end point; adjusting pH to 6 with sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate to obtain fermentation slurry G, and sterilizing;
wherein the mass volume ratios of the added lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptococcus hygropyreus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus and acetic acid bacteria to the homogeneous slurry F are respectively 0.7g/L, 0.07g/L, 0.15g/L, 0.2g/L and 100 g/L;
the mass ratios of the added lactose, glucose and sucrose to the homogenized slurry F are 8%, 4% and 2% respectively;
the mass ratio of the added edible alcohol to the fermentation liquid is 1 percent;
(7) vacuum concentration treatment: mixing the fermentation slurry G obtained in the step (6) with the primary extract B obtained in the step (2), and concentrating under vacuum at a temperature of 65 ℃ and a vacuum degree of 0.1Mpa by 6.6 times to obtain a concentrated solution H;
(8) spray drying treatment: and (4) adding 1.0g of water-soluble colloid, 7.5g of dextrin and 4.5g of modified starch into the concentrated solution H obtained in the step (7), dissolving, and spraying to obtain the required dendrobium officinale powder.
Preparation of a test sample: and (5) carrying out repeated experiments, and drying filter residues obtained after the fermentation slurry G is subjected to suction filtration to obtain dry residues.
Comparative example 1:
(1) material pretreatment: drying fresh dendrobium strips at 90 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain dried dendrobium strips with the water content of 4.8%, grinding and powdering the dried dendrobium strips, and obtaining dendrobium powder A without screening;
(2) shearing and stirring treatment: adding 10g of the dendrobium powder A obtained in the step (1) into 1000g of water, shearing and stirring at 50 ℃ for 2 hours, and fully swelling fibers to obtain dendrobium pulp;
(3) vacuum concentration treatment: concentrating the herba Dendrobii slurry obtained in step (2) under vacuum degree of 0.1Mpa and temperature of 65 deg.C for 20 times to obtain concentrated solution;
(4) spray drying treatment: and (4) adding 0.4g of water-soluble colloid, 3g of dextrin and 1.5g of modified starch into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), dissolving, and spraying to obtain the required dendrobium officinale powder.
Preparation of a test sample: and (5) performing repeated experiments, and drying filter residues obtained after the dendrobium slurry is subjected to suction filtration to obtain dry residues.
Comparative example 2:
(1) material pretreatment: drying fresh dendrobium strips at 90 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain dried dendrobium strips with the water content of 4.8%, grinding the dried dendrobium strips into powder, and screening to select dendrobium powder A with the particle size of less than 250 meshes;
(2) shearing and stirring treatment: adding 10g of the dendrobium powder A obtained in the step (1) into 1000g of water, shearing and stirring at 50 ℃ for 2 hours, and fully swelling fibers to obtain dendrobium pulp;
(3) vacuum concentration treatment: concentrating the herba Dendrobii slurry obtained in step (2) under vacuum degree of 0.1Mpa and temperature of 65 deg.C for 20 times to obtain concentrated solution;
(4) spray drying treatment: and (4) adding 0.4g of water-soluble colloid, 3g of dextrin and 1.5g of modified starch into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), dissolving, and spraying to obtain the required dendrobium officinale powder.
Preparation of a test sample: and (5) performing repeated experiments, and drying filter residues obtained after the dendrobium slurry is subjected to suction filtration to obtain dry residues.
Comparative example 3:
(1) material pretreatment: drying fresh dendrobium strips at 90 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain dried dendrobium strips with the water content of 4.8%, grinding the dried dendrobium strips into powder, and screening to select dendrobium powder A with the particle size of less than 250 meshes;
(2) shearing and stirring treatment: adding 10g of the dendrobium powder A obtained in the step (1) into 1000g of water, shearing and stirring at 50 ℃ for 2 hours, fully swelling fibers, and filtering to obtain a primary extract B and wet residues C;
(3) and (3) freeze-drying treatment: freeze-drying the wet residue C obtained in the step (2) at-40 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain dry powder D, wherein the freeze-drying treatment can improve the wall breaking rate of the dendrobium fiber and remove free water and bound water in the dendrobium to form a loose and porous structure which is more favorable for subsequent treatment;
(4) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: adding cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase into the dry powder D obtained in the step (3) for enzymolysis, wherein the adding amounts of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase are respectively 200U/g of the dry powder D, 200U/g of the dry powder D and 100U/g of the dry powder D, the enzyme activities of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase are respectively 10 ten thousand U/g, 10 ten thousand U/g and 5 ten thousand U/g, the enzymolysis temperature is 45 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 3.5 hours, so as to obtain enzymolysis slurry E;
(5) vacuum concentration treatment: mixing the enzymolysis slurry E obtained in the step (4) with the primary extract B obtained in the step (2), and concentrating under vacuum at a temperature of 65 ℃ and a vacuum degree of 0.1Mpa by 20 times to obtain a concentrated solution;
(6) spray drying treatment: and (4) adding 0.4g of water-soluble colloid, 3g of dextrin and 1.5g of modified starch into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (5), dissolving, and spraying to obtain the required dendrobium officinale powder.
And (4) carrying out repeated experiments, and drying filter residues obtained after the enzymolysis slurry E is subjected to suction filtration to obtain dry residues.
The performance test procedure is as follows: the dry slag obtained in each example and comparative example is weighed, the numerical value is denoted as a, the dendrobium powder A added in each example and comparative example is denoted as b, and the dissolution rate of the prepared dendrobium officinale powder is 100% (b-a)/b.
The results of the performance tests of all the above examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from table 1:
(1) in comparative example 1, the whole dendrobium powder (not screened) is adopted for shearing dissolution, water-soluble components in the dendrobium are extracted for spray drying, but cellulose in the dendrobium is not treated, so that the dissolution rate of the dendrobium is low and the waste rate is high finally;
(2) in comparative example 2, sieved dendrobium powder (250 meshes) is adopted for shearing and dissolving, and the cellulose in the dendrobium is damaged to a certain extent through simple mechanical crushing, but the effect is not obvious;
(3) comparative example 3 the sieved dendrobium powder (250 meshes) is used for shearing and dissolving, and the cellulose is destroyed by mechanical external force. Filtering to obtain residues, freeze-drying insoluble dendrobe residues to form a loose and porous structure, and performing further enzymolysis on the insoluble dendrobe residues again, wherein the dissolution rate is improved to a certain extent;
(4) in the embodiments 1-3, 200-300 meshes of dendrobium powder is adopted for shearing and dissolving, filtrate and filter residue are separated, and freeze drying and enzymolysis are carried out on the filter residue; through screening of the crushed meshes, the dendrobium powder with smaller crushed meshes is selected, the specific surface area is gradually increased, the accessibility of enzymolysis is higher, and the acid hydrolysis result is more remarkable; a loose and porous structure formed by the freeze-dried dendrobium residue is convenient for the action of enzyme, and plays a role of rusting a cellulose chain; the homogenization treatment further makes up the deficiency of dry crushing; in the final fermentation stage, cellulose is hydrolyzed under acidic condition by regulating and controlling the pH value of the system through microorganisms; the strong ester bond formed between the lignin and the cellulose is broken, and the rusty chain is cut completely.
TABLE 1 results of the Performance test of all examples and comparative examples
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of dendrobium officinale powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) material pretreatment: drying fresh dendrobium strips to obtain dried dendrobium strips with the moisture content of less than or equal to 6%, grinding the dried dendrobium strips into powder, and screening to select dendrobium powder A with the particle size of less than 200-300 meshes;
(2) shearing and stirring treatment: adding 5-30 parts by mass of the dendrobium powder A obtained in the step (1) into 1000 parts by mass of water, shearing and stirring, and filtering to obtain a primary extract B and wet residues C;
(3) and (3) freeze-drying treatment: carrying out freeze-drying treatment on the wet residue C obtained in the step (2) to obtain dry powder D;
(4) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: adding cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase into the dry powder D obtained in the step (3) for enzymolysis, wherein the adding amounts of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase are 80-450 u/g of the dry powder D, 80-150 u/g of the dry powder D and 40-225 u/g of the dry powder D respectively, the enzymolysis temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 3-4 hours, so that enzymolysis slurry E is obtained;
(5) high-pressure homogenization treatment: carrying out high-pressure homogenization treatment on the enzymolysis slurry E obtained in the step (4) to obtain homogenized slurry F;
(6) fermentation treatment: inoculating 0.1-0.7 g/L of lactobacillus bulgaricus, 0.01-0.07 g/L of wet streptococcus, 0.05-0.15 g/L of lactobacillus acidophilus and 0.1-0.2 g/L of bacillus into the homogeneous slurry F obtained in the step (5) according to the mass-volume ratio, adding 1-8% of lactose, 1-4% of glucose and 1-2% of sucrose according to the mass ratio, and fermenting for 15-20 hours at the temperature of 35.5-37.5 ℃; inoculating 20-100 g/L acetic acid bacteria according to the mass-volume ratio, simultaneously adding edible alcohol accounting for 1-6% of the total amount of the fermentation liquid according to the mass ratio, continuing aerobic fermentation for 30-45 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and stopping fermentation when the pH value is 2-3 at the fermentation end point; adjusting the pH value to 4-6 by adopting sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, obtaining fermentation slurry G, and sterilizing;
(7) vacuum concentration treatment: combining the fermentation slurry G obtained in the step (6) with the primary extract B obtained in the step (2), and carrying out vacuum concentration treatment to obtain a concentrated solution H;
(8) spray drying treatment: and (5) carrying out spray drying on the concentrated solution H obtained in the step (7) to obtain the required dendrobium officinale powder.
2. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 5-8 hours.
3. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the shearing and stirring temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the shearing and stirring time is 1-3 hours.
4. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the freeze-drying temperature is-30 to-50 ℃, and the freeze-drying time is 24 to 108 hours.
5. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the enzyme activities of the cellulase, the hemicellulase and the pectinase in the step (4) are respectively 5-15 ten thousand U/g, 5-15 ten thousand U/g and 2.5-7.5 ten thousand U/g.
6. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (5), the high pressure of the homogenizing pressure is 20-40 Mpa, the low pressure of the homogenizing pressure is 5-10 Mpa, and the homogenizing temperature is 50-70 ℃.
7. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) in the step (7), the concentration multiple of the vacuum concentration treatment is 6.6-40 times.
8. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the vacuum degree of the vacuum concentration treatment in the step (7) is 0.1Mpa, and the temperature is 65 ℃.
9. The method for preparing dendrobium officinale powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the spray drying treatment in the step (8) comprises the following steps: and adding 0.2-1.0 part by mass of water-soluble colloid, 1.2-7.5 parts by mass of dextrin and 0.9-4.5 parts by mass of modified starch into the combined fermentation slurry G and primary extraction liquid B, and spraying after dissolving.
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