CN109781682B - Method for determining soluble organic matters in breeding wastewater duckweed treatment system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring dissolved organic matters in a duckweed treatment system of aquaculture wastewater, which comprises the following steps: detecting the concentration of heavy metals in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater to obtain the concentration of the heavy metals in the aquaculture wastewater; and inquiring a preset heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table according to the obtained heavy metal concentration in the aquaculture wastewater to obtain the size and the type of the molecular weight of the soluble organic matter in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater, wherein the heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table comprises the heavy metal concentration, the size of the molecular weight of the soluble organic matter and the mapping relation corresponding to the heavy metal concentration and the size of the molecular weight of the soluble organic matter, and the mapping relation corresponding to the heavy metal concentration and the type of the soluble organic matter. The determination method has the advantages of rapidness, stability, reliability, high efficiency and the like, can identify DOM components in a duckweed treatment system, simultaneously defines the relationship between each DOM component and the concentration of heavy metal, and has good application prospect in the actual treatment of aquaculture wastewater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological environmental protection, and relates to a method for measuring dissolved organic matters in a duckweed treatment system of aquaculture wastewater.
Background
In recent years, copper and zinc are widely used as feed additives in livestock and poultry breeding industry, and the biogas slurry still contains high-concentration copper and zinc due to the fact that heavy metals such as copper and zinc are difficult to treat through anaerobic digestion of breeding wastewater. The combined pollution of copper, zinc, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus poses a serious challenge to the traditional treatment method, including microbial treatment and phytoremediation of pig raising biogas slurry.
As a plant restoration technology, the duckweed system is widely applied to treatment of the pig-raising biogas slurry. The duckweed has the obvious characteristics of wide distribution, pollution resistance, high growth speed, easy harvesting and the like, and is one of important plant groups of the water body pollution plant restoration technology. However, the application of the duckweed system is greatly limited because the growth of both duckweed and microorganisms is affected by the presence of heavy metals.
In order to relieve the stress action of the heavy metal copper and zinc on the duckweed, the duckweed can generate various antioxidants through an antioxidant system of the duckweed. Soluble organic matter (DOM) is one of the antioxidants that are heterogeneous mixtures produced by metabolic excretion or autolysis of aquatic plants and rhizosphere microorganisms. The mixture has complex components and various properties, and is easy to complex with metals, so that the migration and transformation of the important metals in an aquatic system are influenced. Although there are many studies reporting the effect of DOM in water treatment systems, the composition and properties of DOM released by the duckweed system have not been reported.
The DOM in water emits light of a specific wavelength when irradiated by excitation light of a specific wavelength, and the DOM of different components has different position peaks, so that three-dimensional fluorescence Spectra (EEMs) can be used for characterizing the composition of the DOM in water. The fluorescence peak is usually qualitatively analyzed using a "peak finding method". However, due to complex DOM components and overlapped fluorescence peaks, a simple peak searching method cannot carry out deep analysis, so that the difficulty of qualitative analysis of the fluorescence group is increased. The parallel-factor method, an algorithm for fluorescence data processing, combined with fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, has been widely used as an effective method for studying DOM composition, and can reduce the interference of the mutual overlap between compounds of different fluorophores, thereby determining the individual fluorescence components in the DOM. As a new water body pollutant analysis technology, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum combined with the parallel factor method has the advantages of high sensitivity, no damage to a sample structure and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of DOM qualitative and quantitative analysis, detection, traceability and the like in water bodies of rivers and lakes. However, the interaction of environmental factors such as heavy metals and the like with the fluorescent components of the DOM is not clear. Therefore, determining the qualitative and quantitative relationship between each fluorescent component in the DOM and the environmental factors and improving the understanding of the migration and transformation of the environmental factors such as heavy metals and the like are one of the key problems which are urgently needed to be solved at present. Therefore, it is necessary to find a method for rapidly, stably, reliably and efficiently determining the dissolved organic matters in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a method for quickly, stably, reliably and efficiently measuring dissolved organic matters in a duckweed treatment system of aquaculture wastewater.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for measuring dissolved organic matters in a culture wastewater duckweed treatment system comprises the following steps:
s1, detecting the concentration of heavy metals in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater to obtain the concentration of the heavy metals in the aquaculture wastewater;
s2, inquiring a preset heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table according to the obtained heavy metal concentration in the breeding wastewater to obtain the molecular weight and the type of dissolved organic matters in the duckweed treatment system of the breeding wastewater; the heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table comprises heavy metal concentration, dissolved organic matter molecular weight and mapping relations corresponding to the heavy metal concentration and the dissolved organic matter molecular weight, and heavy metal concentration, dissolved organic matter type and mapping relations corresponding to the heavy metal concentration and the dissolved organic matter type.
In a further improvement of the above determination method, in step S2, the construction of the heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table includes the following steps:
(1) planting duckweeds in the culture wastewater with different heavy metal concentrations, culturing the duckweeds in a duckweed treatment system, and collecting corresponding culture wastewater water samples with different heavy metal concentrations under different culture time conditions;
(2) performing three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum measurement on the water samples obtained in the step (1) to obtain fluorescence spectrum data of different water samples;
(3) performing parallel factor analysis on the fluorescence spectrum data of different water samples obtained in the step (2) to obtain effective fluorescence component data and fluorescence component graphs corresponding to different heavy metal concentrations;
(4) and (4) carrying out principal component analysis on the effective fluorescence component data corresponding to different heavy metal concentrations obtained in the step (3), and establishing a mapping relation among the heavy metal concentrations, the sizes of the soluble organic matter molecular weights and the corresponding mapping relation to obtain a heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table.
In the above measurement method, further improvement, in the step (1): the planting load ratio of the duckweed is 1.6-3 g of duckweed planted in each liter of aquaculture wastewater according to fresh weight; the corresponding heavy metal concentrations in the aquaculture wastewater with different heavy metal concentrations are respectively 0mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 2.0mg/L and 5.0 mg/L; the breeding wastewater is pig raising biogas slurry; COD in the culture wastewater is 100 mg/L-200 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 60 mg/L-90 mg/L, and total phosphorus is 10 mg/L-15 mg/L; the duckweed is duckweed with thin pulse; controlling the pH value of the culture wastewater to be 6.1-6.5 in the culture process; the collection interval time of the water sample is 4-8 h.
In the above measurement method, further improvement, in the step (2): the method also comprises the following steps before the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum is measured: filtering the water sample obtained in the step (1) through a filter membrane with the aperture of 0.45 mu m; diluting the clear liquid obtained by filtering until the TOC concentration is less than or equal to 10.9 mg/L; the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum has the following measurement parameters: the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the range of the excitation wavelength is 200-500 nm, scanning is carried out by 10nm increment, the range of the emission wavelength is 200-600 nm, and scanning is carried out by 2nm increment; the widths of the slits of the excitation wavelength and the emission wavelength are both 10 nm; in the process of measuring the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, the fluorescence scanning speed is 12000nm/min, and the single scanning time is less than 1 min.
In the above measurement method, further improvement, in the step (3): the parallel factor analysis comprises scattered peak removal, Raman unit correction, abnormal value elimination, residual analysis, random assignment analysis and model verification; removing data with the excitation wavelength and the emission wavelength lower than 250nm in the drawing process of the fluorescence component diagram; the fluorescence component map is compared with known fluorescence component maps to determine the composition of dissolved organic matters in the cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system.
In step S2, the size and the corresponding mapping relationship of the heavy metal concentration and the size of the soluble organic matter in the preset heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table, and the heavy metal concentration and the type of the soluble organic matter in the cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system are respectively obtained by querying the corresponding mapping relationship of the heavy metal concentration and the soluble organic matter in the preset heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table.
In the above method, the heavy metal concentration, the size of the dissolved organic matter molecular weight and the mapping relationship therebetween are further improved by dividing the heavy metal concentration into 3 intervals, each of which is: m1 is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, M2 is more than or equal to 0.5mg/L and less than or equal to 1mg/L, and M3 is more than 1 mg/L;
when the heavy metal concentration interval is M1, no dissolved organic matter is generated in the cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system;
when the heavy metal concentration interval is M2, the dissolved organic matter generated in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater is mainly the dissolved organic matter with the molecular weight less than 10000 Da;
when the heavy metal concentration interval is M3, the dissolved organic matter generated in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater is mainly the dissolved organic matter with the molecular weight of more than or equal to 10000 Da.
In the above method, the heavy metal concentration, the soluble organic matter type and the mapping relationship corresponding thereto are further improved by dividing the heavy metal concentration into 2 intervals, each of which is: c1 is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and 0.1mg/L is less than C2;
when the heavy metal concentration interval is C1, the dissolved organic matter type is mainly microbial products, which indicates that the nutrition level of the breeding wastewater duckweed treatment system is normal and is beneficial to the growth of plants and microbes;
when the heavy metal concentration interval is C2, the dissolved organic matter type is mainly acidic, which indicates that the nutrition level of the breeding wastewater duckweed treatment system is abnormal and is not beneficial to the growth of plants and microorganisms.
In the determination method, the microbial product is humic acid and/or reduced coenzyme generated by metabolism of the microorganism; the acidic substance is tyrosine and/or humic acid produced by plant metabolism.
In the above determination method, further improvement, the heavy metal is Cu or Zn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a method for measuring dissolved organic matters in a duckweed treatment system of aquaculture wastewater, the heavy metal concentration in the aquaculture wastewater is obtained through detection, a preset heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table is inquired through the obtained heavy metal concentration, the size and the type of the molecular weight of the soluble organic matters in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater can be obtained, thereby realizing the determination of the dissolved organic matters in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater, having the advantages of rapidness, stability, reliability, high efficiency and the like, the determination method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, low cost and the like, can quickly, sensitively and accurately identify the DOM components in the duckweed treatment system, meanwhile, the relation between each component in DOM in the duckweed treatment system and the concentration of heavy metal is determined, and the method has a good application prospect in the actual treatment of the aquaculture wastewater.
(2) In the determination method, the data of the fluorescence components obtained by the parallel factor method is further processed by using a principal component analysis method, the method has the characteristics of rapidness, stability, reliability and high efficiency, the interaction relation between each fluorescence component and the heavy metal in DOM can be determined qualitatively, the mathematical separation of DOM fluorescence information in a duckweed system can be realized, the qualitative relation between the concentration of the metal in the duckweed system and the DOM fluorescence components can be determined, and beneficial information can be provided for the design and management of the duckweed system.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the construction of a data table of Cu concentration/fluorescence component in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a fluorescent composition diagram of soluble organic matter in the duckweed treatment system for aquaculture wastewater in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between Cu concentration and each component of dissolved organic matter in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
Example 1:
a method for measuring dissolved organic matters in a culture wastewater duckweed treatment system comprises the following steps:
s1, detecting the Cu concentration in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater to obtain the Cu concentration in the aquaculture wastewater;
s2, aiming at the obtained Cu concentration in the aquaculture wastewater, inquiring a preset Cu concentration/fluorescence component data table to obtain the molecular weight and the type of the dissolved organic matter in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater, wherein the Cu concentration/fluorescence component data table comprises the Cu concentration, the molecular weight of the dissolved organic matter and the mapping relation corresponding to the molecular weight and the mapping relation corresponding to the Cu concentration and the type of the dissolved organic matter.
In this embodiment, the size of the molecular weight of the soluble organic matter in the cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system and the type of the molecular weight of the soluble organic matter in the cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system are respectively obtained by querying the Cu concentration, the size of the molecular weight of the soluble organic matter, the mapping relationship corresponding to the Cu concentration and the size of the molecular weight of the soluble organic matter, and the type of the soluble organic matter and the mapping relationship corresponding to the Cu concentration and the type of the soluble organic matter in.
In this embodiment, in the preset mapping relationship between the Cu concentration and the molecular weight of the soluble organic substance in the Cu concentration/fluorescence component data table, the Cu concentration is divided into 3 intervals, which are: m1 is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, M2 is more than or equal to 0.5mg/L and less than or equal to 1mg/L, and M3 is more than 1 mg/L; when the Cu concentration interval is M1, no dissolved organic matter is generated in the cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system; when the Cu concentration interval is M2, the dissolved organic matter generated in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater is mainly the dissolved organic matter with the molecular weight less than 10000 Da; when the heavy metal concentration interval is M3, the dissolved organic matter generated in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater is mainly the dissolved organic matter with the molecular weight of more than or equal to 10000 Da.
In this embodiment, in the preset Cu concentration/fluorescence component data table, the Cu concentration, the soluble organic matter type, and the mapping relationship corresponding thereto, the Cu concentration is divided into 2 intervals, which are: c1 is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and 0.1mg/L is less than C2; when the Cu concentration interval is C1, the dissolved organic matter type is mainly microbial products, which indicates that the nutrition level of the breeding wastewater duckweed treatment system is normal and is beneficial to the growth of plants and microbes; when the Cu concentration interval is C2, the dissolved organic matter type is mainly acidic substances, which indicates that the nutrition level of the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater is abnormal and is not beneficial to the growth of plants and microorganisms. In the embodiment, the microbial product is humic acid and/or reduced coenzyme generated by metabolism of the microorganism; the acidic substance is tyrosine and/or humic acid produced by plant metabolism.
In this example, the process flow of the table of Cu concentration/fluorescence component data is shown in fig. 1, and includes the following steps:
(1) preparing 1L of pig-raising biogas slurry (in the pig-raising biogas slurry, COD is 150mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 82mg/L, and total phosphorus is 15mg/L) with different Cu concentrations (the gradient of the Cu concentration is 0mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 2.0mg/L, and 5.0mg/L), respectively planting duckweed in the pig-raising biogas slurry with different Cu concentration gradients, and placing the duckweed in a cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system, wherein the load ratio of planted duckweed is 3g of fresh weight of duckweed/1L of pig-raising biogas slurry. Adjusting the initial pH value of each pig raising biogas slurry in the duckweed treatment system to 6.4, and culturing in the duckweed treatment system. In the culture process, 0.1mol/L NaOH solution is used for regulating the pH value of the duckweed treatment system every day, the pH value is controlled to be 6.4, water samples (namely, culture wastewater water samples with different Cu concentrations corresponding to different culture time conditions) are collected every 5 days, and a 10mL injector is used for absorbing the water samples during collection.
(2) Respectively filtering the water sample obtained in the step (1) through filter membranes with the pore diameter of 0.45 mu m, measuring total soluble organic carbon (DOC) of clear liquid obtained by filtering on a TOC measuring instrument (Shimadzu, Japan) to obtain DOC concentration of the sample, and diluting the DOC concentration of the sample to be less than 10.9mg/L by using ultrapure water as required; measuring the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of the diluted sample on a three-dimensional fluorescence analyzer (Hitachi, Japan) to obtain fluorescence spectrum data of different water samples, wherein the fluorescence spectrum measurement parameters are as follows: the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the range of the excitation wavelength is 200-500 nm, the scanning is carried out by the increment of 10nm, the range of the emission wavelength is 200-600 nm, and the scanning is carried out by the increment of 2 nm. The slit widths for both excitation and emission wavelengths were 10 nm. The fluorescence scanning speed is 12000nm/min, and the single scanning time is less than 1 min.
(3) And (3) converting the fluorescence spectrum data obtained in the step (2) into a CSV file, importing the CSV file into a MatLab platform, analyzing the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum by using a DOMFluor program and adopting parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), wherein the analysis mainly comprises scattered peak removal, Raman unit correction, outlier rejection, residual analysis, random assignment analysis and model verification, and obtaining effective fluorescence component data (comprising effective fluorescence component data and effective fluorescence components) and fluorescence component images corresponding to different Cu concentrations. Both the excitation wavelength and the emission wavelength should be removed from the data at wavelengths below 250nm in order to reduce noise due to low wavelengths and improve accuracy in the fluorescence component mapping. FIG. 2 is a fluorescent composition diagram of soluble organic matter in the duckweed treatment system for aquaculture wastewater in example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 2, in this example, there are 4 models that are finally obtained and verified, indicating that the DOM released by the duckweed processing system is mainly composed of 4 fluorescent components. By comparison with known fluorescence component maps, the name of the fluorescence component was determined, i.e. the composition of the DOM in the duckweed processing system of this example was: the results of humic acid (C1) produced by microbial metabolism, tyrosine (C2), reduced coenzyme (NADH) (C3), and humic acid (C4) produced by plant metabolism are shown in FIG. 2.
(4) And (3) importing the fluorescence component data (namely effective fluorescence component data corresponding to different Cu concentrations) obtained in the step (3) into PAST3.0 software, performing principal component analysis on the fluorescence data, establishing a mapping relation among the Cu concentration, the molecular weight of the soluble organic matter and the corresponding molecular weight of the soluble organic matter, and a mapping relation among the Cu concentration, the type of the soluble organic matter and the corresponding mapping relation of the Cu concentration and the type of the soluble organic matter to obtain a heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table, namely a relation among the Cu concentration and each component of the soluble organic matter, and obtaining a result as shown in figure 3. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between Cu concentration and each component of dissolved organic matter in example 1 of the present invention. In fig. 3, PC1 is the first main component and is used to indicate the DOM molecular weight, wherein when PC1 is negative, it indicates that no DOM is generated in the system, and when PC1 is small, it indicates that the DOM with high molecular weight is dominant in the system; a large positive value for PC1 indicates that the system is dominated by low molecular weight DOM. PC2 is the second main component, and is used for representing the nutrition level of the system, and when the value PC2 is a positive value, the nutrition level of the system is mainly a microbial product, and the nutrition of the system is normal; when the PC2 value is negative, it indicates that the nutrition level of the system is mainly acidic material, and the nutrition of the system is acid, which is not beneficial to the growth of plants and microorganisms.
In the embodiment, when the concentration of Cu is 1.0mg/L, it indicates that the soluble organic matter generated in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater is mainly the soluble organic matter with the molecular weight less than 10000Da under the condition of low concentration of Cu; when the Cu concentration is 2.0-5.0mg/L, the dissolved organic matters generated in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater are mainly dissolved organic matters with the molecular weight of more than or equal to 10000Da under the condition of high-concentration Cu.
In the embodiment, when the concentration of Cu is 0.1mg/L, it is shown that under the condition of low concentration of Cu, the soluble organic matter type in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater is mainly microbial products (humic acid and reduced coenzyme generated by microbial metabolism), which indicates that the nutrition level of the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater is normal and is beneficial to the growth of plants and microorganisms; when the Cu concentration is 2.0-5.0mg/L, the soluble organic matter type in the cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system is mainly acidic substances (tyrosine and humic acid generated by plant metabolism) under the high-concentration Cu condition, and the nutrition level of the cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system is abnormal and is not beneficial to the growth of plants and microorganisms.
The above examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the idea of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and such modifications and embellishments should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring dissolved organic matters in a culture wastewater duckweed treatment system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, detecting the concentration of heavy metals in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater to obtain the concentration of the heavy metals in the aquaculture wastewater; the heavy metal is Cu;
s2, inquiring a preset heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table according to the obtained heavy metal concentration in the breeding wastewater to obtain the molecular weight and the type of dissolved organic matters in the duckweed treatment system of the breeding wastewater; the heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table comprises heavy metal concentration, dissolved organic matter molecular weight and mapping relations corresponding to the heavy metal concentration and the dissolved organic matter molecular weight, and heavy metal concentration, dissolved organic matter type and mapping relations corresponding to the heavy metal concentration and the dissolved organic matter type;
in step S2, the construction of the heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table includes the following steps:
(1) planting duckweeds in the culture wastewater with different heavy metal concentrations, culturing the duckweeds in a duckweed treatment system, and collecting corresponding culture wastewater water samples with different heavy metal concentrations under different culture time conditions;
(2) performing three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum measurement on the water samples obtained in the step (1) to obtain fluorescence spectrum data of different water samples;
(3) performing parallel factor analysis on the fluorescence spectrum data of different water samples obtained in the step (2) to obtain effective fluorescence component data and fluorescence component graphs corresponding to different heavy metal concentrations;
(4) and (4) carrying out principal component analysis on the effective fluorescence component data corresponding to different heavy metal concentrations obtained in the step (3), and establishing a heavy metal concentration, a soluble organic matter molecular weight and a mapping relation corresponding to the heavy metal concentration and the soluble organic matter molecular weight as well as a heavy metal concentration, a soluble organic matter type and a mapping relation corresponding to the heavy metal concentration and the soluble organic matter type to obtain a heavy metal concentration/fluorescence component data table.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1): the planting load ratio of the duckweed is 1.6-3 g of duckweed planted in each liter of aquaculture wastewater according to fresh weight; the corresponding heavy metal concentrations in the aquaculture wastewater with different heavy metal concentrations are respectively 0mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 2.0mg/L and 5.0 mg/L; the breeding wastewater is pig raising biogas slurry; COD in the culture wastewater is 100 mg/L-200 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 60 mg/L-90 mg/L, and total phosphorus is 10 mg/L-15 mg/L; the duckweed is duckweed with thin pulse; and controlling the pH value of the culture wastewater to be 6.1-6.5 in the culture process.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2): the method also comprises the following steps before the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum is measured: filtering the water sample obtained in the step (1) through a filter membrane with the aperture of 0.45 mu m; diluting the clear liquid obtained by filtering until the TOC concentration is less than or equal to 10.9 mg/L; the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum has the following measurement parameters: the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the range of the excitation wavelength is 200-500 nm, scanning is carried out by 10nm increment, the range of the emission wavelength is 200-600 nm, and scanning is carried out by 2nm increment; the widths of the slits of the excitation wavelength and the emission wavelength are both 10 nm; in the process of measuring the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, the fluorescence scanning speed is 12000nm/min, and the single scanning time is less than 1 min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3): the parallel factor analysis comprises scattered peak removal, Raman unit correction, abnormal value elimination, residual analysis, random assignment analysis and model verification; removing data with the excitation wavelength and the emission wavelength lower than 250nm in the drawing process of the fluorescence component diagram; the fluorescence component map is compared with known fluorescence component maps to determine the composition of dissolved organic matters in the cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal concentration, the size of the molecular weight of the soluble organic substance, and the mapping relationship therebetween are obtained by dividing the heavy metal concentration into 3 intervals, each interval being: m1 is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, M2 is more than or equal to 0.5mg/L and less than or equal to 1mg/L, and M3 is more than 1 mg/L;
when the heavy metal concentration interval is M1, no dissolved organic matter is generated in the cultivation wastewater duckweed treatment system;
when the heavy metal concentration interval is M2, the dissolved organic matter generated in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater is mainly the dissolved organic matter with the molecular weight less than 10000 Da;
when the heavy metal concentration interval is M3, the dissolved organic matter generated in the duckweed treatment system of the aquaculture wastewater is mainly the dissolved organic matter with the molecular weight of more than or equal to 10000 Da.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal concentration, the soluble organic matter type and the mapping relationship thereof are divided into 2 intervals, each of which is: c1 is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and 0.1mg/L is less than C2;
when the heavy metal concentration interval is C1, the dissolved organic matter type is mainly microbial products, which indicates that the nutrition level of the breeding wastewater duckweed treatment system is normal and is beneficial to the growth of plants and microbes;
when the heavy metal concentration interval is C2, the dissolved organic matter type is mainly acidic, which indicates that the nutrition level of the breeding wastewater duckweed treatment system is abnormal and is not beneficial to the growth of plants and microorganisms.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the microbial product is humic acid and/or reduced coenzyme produced by metabolism of a microorganism; the acidic substance is tyrosine and/or humic acid produced by plant metabolism.
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