JP2010082590A - Simple measuring method for bacillus bacteria - Google Patents
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Abstract
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本発明は、バチルス属細菌の簡易測定法に関する。より詳細には、生物的排水処理設備の汚泥において、バチルス属細菌の割合を増加させる方法、バチルス属細菌数を測定する方法及びこれらを利用した生物的排水処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a simple method for measuring Bacillus bacteria. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for increasing the proportion of Bacillus bacteria in a sludge of a biological wastewater treatment facility, a method for measuring the number of Bacillus bacteria, and a biological wastewater treatment method using these.
生物的排水処理設備の汚泥中には様々な細菌が存在しているが、それらの菌種の一つにＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓ（バチルス）属細菌がある。バチルス属細菌は土壌細菌の１種であり、棒状の形状をした桿菌である。 Various bacteria exist in the sludge of a biological wastewater treatment facility, and one of those species is a Bacillus genus. Bacillus bacteria are a kind of soil bacteria and are rod-shaped rods.
汚泥構成細菌群の中でもバチルス属細菌は非常に有用である。バチルス属細菌は、栄養源の除去能力だけではなく、強力な脱臭能力を持つ。また、排水中のバチルス属細菌を含む浮遊物質を凝集させる、固液分離作用に優れている。さらに、ＢＯＤ（生物化学的酸素要求量）からの汚泥転換率が低いため、余剰汚泥を低減できるとされている。悪臭が少なく、固液分離が安定している汚泥中には、バチルス属細菌の割合が増加していることが知られている。 Among the sludge-constituting bacteria, Bacillus bacteria are very useful. Bacillus bacteria not only have the ability to remove nutrients but also have a strong deodorizing ability. Moreover, it is excellent in the solid-liquid separation action of aggregating suspended solids containing Bacillus bacteria in the waste water. Furthermore, since the sludge conversion rate from BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) is low, it is said that excess sludge can be reduced. It is known that the percentage of Bacillus bacteria is increasing in sludge that has less bad odor and stable solid-liquid separation.
したがって、バチルス属細菌の割合を人為的に増加させれば、排水処理能力、経済性の両面において、優れた排水処理が可能となる。また、バチルス属細菌がどの程度存在しているかを測定できれば、バチルス属細菌数が少ない場合には、バチルス属細菌数を増加させる対策を講じることが可能となる。以上のことから、排水処理施設において、バチルス属細菌の割合を増加させることと、バチルス属細菌数を測定することは重要である。 Therefore, if the proportion of Bacillus bacteria is artificially increased, excellent wastewater treatment can be achieved in both wastewater treatment capacity and economy. Further, if it is possible to measure how many Bacillus bacteria are present, it is possible to take measures to increase the number of Bacillus bacteria when the number of Bacillus bacteria is small. From the above, it is important to increase the proportion of Bacillus bacteria and measure the number of Bacillus bacteria in wastewater treatment facilities.
バチルス属細菌の性質として、貧栄養や低温、高温、低酸素などの悪条件下において芽胞を形成し、休眠状態に入ることが挙げられる。そして、活動可能な条件下に戻ると再び発芽して栄養細胞を形成し、活発に活動を開始する。芽胞とは、一部の細菌が形成する、極めて耐久性の高い細胞構造である。 The nature of Bacillus bacteria is that they form spores and enter a dormant state under adverse conditions such as oligotrophic, low temperature, high temperature, and low oxygen. And when it returns to an active condition, it germinates again to form a vegetative cell and starts active. A spore is an extremely durable cell structure formed by some bacteria.
特許文献１には、バチルス属細菌数を測定する方法が開示されている。それによると、多種多様な細菌群が必要とする栄養源を配合した寒天培地に、段階希釈した汚泥を塗布し、約４８時間培養する。続いて形成されたコロニーの形状及び胞子形成の有無を肉眼及び顕微鏡を用いて観察し、バチルス属細菌のコロニーであるか否かを視覚的に判定する。次いでバチルス属細菌のコロニー数を測定する。 Patent Document 1 discloses a method for measuring the number of Bacillus bacteria. According to this, a serially diluted sludge is applied to an agar medium containing nutrient sources required by a wide variety of bacterial groups and cultured for about 48 hours. Subsequently, the shape of the formed colonies and the presence or absence of spore formation are observed with the naked eye and a microscope to visually determine whether the colonies are Bacillus bacteria. Next, the number of colonies of Bacillus bacteria is measured.
非特許文献１には、全細菌中のバチルス属細菌の割合を求める方法が記載されている。それによると、段階希釈した汚泥サンプルを培地上に塗布し、３２℃の恒温槽で１週間培養して、全細菌のコロニーを形成させる。ここで、バチルス属細菌のコロニーは放射状に増殖するため、真円に近い形状を呈する他の細菌のコロニーと見分けることができるとされている。形成された全細菌のコロニー数及びバチルス属細菌のコロニー数を測定し、バチルス属細菌の優占化率を算出する。
しかしながら、特許文献１や非特許文献１の方法では、コロニーの形状でバチルス属細菌か否かを判断し、バチルス属細菌数を測定する必要があった。このため、ある程度訓練した人間でなければ検査できないという問題があった。また、バチルス属細菌とそれ以外の細菌のコロニーが混在している培地上で、バチルス属細菌を測定する必要があり、手間や時間がかかるという問題があった。 However, in the methods of Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1, it is necessary to determine whether or not a Bacillus bacterium is determined from the shape of a colony and to measure the number of Bacillus bacteria. For this reason, there is a problem that only a person who has been trained to some extent can inspect. In addition, it is necessary to measure Bacillus bacteria on a medium in which Bacillus bacteria and other bacterial colonies are mixed, and there is a problem that it takes time and effort.
そこで本発明の目的は、汚泥中のバチルス属細菌数を簡単、迅速に測定する方法を提供することである。また、本発明の別の目的は、汚泥中の全細菌に対するバチルス属細菌の割合を増加させる方法を提供することである。また、本発明の別の目的は、上記のバチルス属細菌の割合を増加させる方法を利用した生物的排水処理方法を提供することである。本発明の更に別の目的は、上記のバチルス属細菌数を測定する方法を利用した生物的排水処理方法を提供することである。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily and rapidly measuring the number of Bacillus bacteria in sludge. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the ratio of Bacillus bacteria to total bacteria in sludge. Another object of the present invention is to provide a biological wastewater treatment method using the above-described method for increasing the proportion of Bacillus bacteria. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a biological wastewater treatment method using the above-mentioned method for measuring the number of Bacillus bacteria.
バチルス属細菌が他の細菌と際立って異なる性質は芽胞の形成能力を有する点である。バチルス菌は貧栄養や低温、高温、低酸素などの悪条件下で芽胞を形成し休眠状態に入ると考えられている。そこで、採取した汚泥サンプルを悪条件下に置き、バチルス属細菌に芽胞を形成させる（芽胞形成ステップ）。続いて汚泥サンプルを殺菌条件下に置くと、芽胞を形成したバチルス属細菌は生存し、芽胞を形成しなかった他の細菌は死滅する（殺菌ステップ）。この汚泥中ではバチルス属細菌の割合が増加している。また、この汚泥サンプルを寒天培地などの上で培養しコロニーを形成させることにより、バチルス属細菌のみの数を測定することが可能となる。 A distinguishing characteristic of Bacillus bacteria is that they have the ability to form spores. Bacillus is considered to form a spore and enter a dormant state under adverse conditions such as poor nutrition, low temperature, high temperature, and low oxygen. Therefore, the collected sludge sample is placed under bad conditions to cause the Bacillus bacteria to form spores (spore formation step). Subsequently, when the sludge sample is placed under sterilization conditions, Bacillus bacteria that formed spores survive, and other bacteria that did not form spores die (sterilization step). In this sludge, the proportion of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus is increasing. In addition, by culturing this sludge sample on an agar medium or the like to form colonies, it is possible to measure the number of Bacillus bacteria alone.
芽胞を形成する細菌には、バチルス属細菌の他にもクロストリジウム属細菌、スポロサルシナ属細菌などが知られている。しかしながら、クロストリジウム属細菌やスポロサルシナ属細菌は嫌気性細菌であるため、バチルス属細菌と同じ培地ではコロニーを形成しない。また、発明者らは、汚泥中にはバチルス属細菌以外の芽胞を作る細菌がほとんど存在せず、本発明の方法により、ほぼバチルス属細菌のみの数を測定可能であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 In addition to Bacillus bacteria, Clostridium bacteria, Sporosarcina bacteria, and the like are known as bacteria that form spores. However, since Clostridium bacteria and Sporosarcina bacteria are anaerobic bacteria, they do not form colonies in the same medium as Bacillus bacteria. Further, the inventors have found that there are almost no bacteria that produce spores other than Bacillus spp. In the sludge, and the number of Bacillus spp. It came to complete.
１つの態様において、本発明は、生物的排水処理設備の汚泥中の全細菌に対するバチルス属細菌の割合を増加させる方法であって、汚泥中の細菌に芽胞を形成させる芽胞形成ステップと、芽胞形成ステップ後の汚泥を殺菌する殺菌ステップとを含む方法を提供する。 In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for increasing the ratio of Bacillus bacteria to total bacteria in sludge of a biological wastewater treatment facility, wherein the bacteria in the sludge form spores, and spore formation And a sterilization step for sterilizing the sludge after the step.
上述したように、バチルス属細菌は、栄養源の除去、脱臭、固液分離作用、余剰汚泥の低減などに優れた効果を発揮するため、生物的排水処理設備の汚泥においてバチルス属細菌の割合を増加させることにより、高い排水処理能力と優れた経済性を実現することができる。 As described above, Bacillus bacteria exhibit excellent effects in the removal of nutrient sources, deodorization, solid-liquid separation, and reduction of excess sludge. Therefore, the proportion of Bacillus bacteria in the sludge of biological wastewater treatment facilities is reduced. By increasing it, high wastewater treatment capacity and excellent economic efficiency can be realized.
また、芽胞形成ステップを含むことにより、バチルス属細菌を確実に芽胞化することができるため、より効率よくバチルス属細菌の割合を増加させることが可能である。 In addition, by including a spore formation step, Bacillus bacteria can be reliably sporulated, so that the proportion of Bacillus bacteria can be increased more efficiently.
別の態様において、本発明は、生物的排水処理設備の汚泥中のバチルス属細菌数を測定する方法であって、汚泥中の細菌に芽胞を形成させる芽胞形成ステップと、芽胞形成ステップ後の汚泥を殺菌する殺菌ステップと、殺菌ステップ後の汚泥を培養してバチルス属細菌のコロニーを形成させる培養ステップと、コロニー数を測定して汚泥中のバチルス属細菌数を算出する算出ステップとを含む方法を提供する。 In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for measuring the number of Bacillus bacteria in sludge of a biological wastewater treatment facility, comprising a spore formation step for causing bacteria in the sludge to form spores, and a sludge after the spore formation step. A sterilization step for sterilizing, a culture step for culturing sludge after the sterilization step to form colonies of Bacillus bacteria, and a calculation step for calculating the number of Bacillus bacteria in the sludge by measuring the number of colonies I will provide a.
この方法により培地上に形成されるコロニーは、ほとんどバチルス属細菌のもののみである。したがってコロニーの形状からバチルス属細菌であるか否かを判断する必要がないため、特定の訓練を受けていない人間でも簡便に測定を行うことが可能である。また、出現するコロニーはバチルス属細菌のコロニーのみであるため、効率よく測定を行うことができる。 The colonies formed on the medium by this method are almost exclusively those of the genus Bacillus. Therefore, since it is not necessary to determine whether the bacterium belongs to the genus Bacillus from the shape of the colony, even a person who has not received specific training can easily perform the measurement. Moreover, since the colonies which appear are only the colonies of the genus Bacillus, the measurement can be performed efficiently.
また、芽胞形成ステップを含むことにより、バチルス属細菌を確実に芽胞化することができるため、より正確にバチルス属細菌数を測定することが可能である。 Further, by including a spore formation step, Bacillus bacteria can be reliably sporulated, so that the number of Bacillus bacteria can be measured more accurately.
バチルス属細菌がどの程度存在しているかを測定できれば、バチルス属細菌数が少ない場合には、生物的排水処理設備における曝気量、汚泥の返送量又は投入排水量などを調整することにより、或いはバチルス属細菌を多く含む汚泥を移入するなどの対策を講じることにより、バチルス属細菌数を増加させ、汚泥の排水処理能力と経済性を向上させることが可能となる。 If the number of Bacillus bacteria can be measured, if the number of Bacillus bacteria is small, by adjusting the aeration amount, sludge return amount or input wastewater amount in the biological wastewater treatment facility, or By taking measures such as transferring sludge containing a large amount of bacteria, it is possible to increase the number of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus and improve the sludge wastewater treatment capacity and economy.
上記の培養ステップにおいては、殺菌ステップ後の汚泥を２５〜３８℃で４〜２４時間培養することが好ましい。 In said culture | cultivation step, it is preferable to culture | cultivate the sludge after a disinfection step at 25-38 degreeC for 4 to 24 hours.
バチルス属細菌はその他の細菌と比較して成長が速いため、万一バチルス属細菌以外の菌が混入していた場合でも、上記の条件で形成されるコロニーはほとんどバチルス属細菌のものである。このため、より正確にバチルス属細菌数を測定することが可能である。また、上記の条件で形成させたコロニーが大きさや形状などの点で測定しやすい。 Since Bacillus bacteria grow faster than other bacteria, even if bacteria other than Bacillus bacteria are mixed, the colonies formed under the above conditions are mostly those of Bacillus bacteria. For this reason, it is possible to measure the number of Bacillus bacteria more accurately. In addition, colonies formed under the above conditions are easy to measure in terms of size and shape.
上記の芽胞形成ステップは、０〜１２℃、１〜２４時間の低温処理によるものであり、上記の殺菌ステップは、８０〜９５℃、０．５〜１時間の高温処理によるものであることが好ましい。 Said spore formation step is by low temperature treatment of 0-12 ° C., 1-24 hours, and said sterilization step is by high temperature treatment of 80-95 ° C., 0.5-1 hour. preferable.
芽胞形成ステップには、後述するように多様な手段が存在するが、０〜１２℃、１〜２４時間の低温処理は、簡単な設備により低コストで実施することが可能であるため好ましい。同様に、殺菌ステップには、後述するように多様な手段が存在するが、８０〜９５℃、０．５〜１時間の高温処理は簡単な設備で低コストに実施可能であるため好ましい。 Various means exist in the spore formation step as will be described later, but low-temperature treatment at 0 to 12 ° C. for 1 to 24 hours is preferable because it can be carried out with simple equipment at low cost. Similarly, there are various means in the sterilization step as will be described later, but high temperature treatment at 80 to 95 ° C. and 0.5 to 1 hour is preferable because it can be carried out with simple equipment at low cost.
別の態様において、本発明は、上記の方法により、汚泥中の全細菌に対するバチルス属細菌の割合を増加させた汚泥を、生物的排水処理設備に導入するステップを含む、生物的排水処理方法を提供する。 In another aspect, the present invention provides a biological wastewater treatment method comprising the step of introducing, into the biological wastewater treatment facility, sludge having an increased ratio of Bacillus bacteria to total bacteria in the sludge by the above method. provide.
この方法によれば、生物的排水処理設備の汚泥中のバチルス属細菌の割合を人為的に増加させ、排水処理能力、経済性の両面において、優れた排水処理を行なうことが可能である。 According to this method, it is possible to artificially increase the proportion of Bacillus bacteria in the sludge of biological wastewater treatment facilities, and to perform excellent wastewater treatment in terms of both wastewater treatment capacity and economy.
別の態様において、本発明は、上記の方法により、生物的排水処理設備の汚泥中のバチルス属細菌数を測定するステップと、測定されたバチルス属細菌数に基づいて、生物的排水処理設備における曝気量、汚泥の返送量及び投入排水量からなる群から選択される１つ以上の因子を変化させるステップとを含む、生物的排水処理方法を提供する。 In another aspect, the present invention relates to a step of measuring the number of Bacillus bacteria in the sludge of a biological wastewater treatment facility by the above method, and in the biological wastewater treatment facility based on the measured number of Bacillus bacteria. And a step of changing one or more factors selected from the group consisting of an aeration amount, a sludge return amount and an input wastewater amount.
この方法により、生物的排水処理設備における曝気量、汚泥の返送量又は投入排水量などの因子を適切に調整することにより、バチルス属細菌数を増加させ、汚泥の排水処理能力と経済性を向上させることが可能となる。 By this method, by appropriately adjusting factors such as aeration amount, sludge return amount or input wastewater amount in biological wastewater treatment facilities, the number of Bacillus bacteria is increased, and sludge wastewater treatment capacity and economy are improved. It becomes possible.
１つの態様において、本発明は、生物的排水処理設備の汚泥中の、バチルス属細菌の割合を増加させる方法を提供する。 In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for increasing the proportion of Bacillus bacteria in the sludge of a biological wastewater treatment facility.
まず、バチルス属細菌の割合を増加させたい汚泥を生物的排水処理設備から採取する。生物的排水処理設備は、その構成によって、脱窒槽、硝化槽、２次脱窒槽、再曝気槽などを含む場合があるが、いずれの処理槽においてもこの方法を適用することができる。採取する汚泥の量は対象とする処理槽中の汚泥全量であってもよいし、その一部であってもよい。後者の場合には、バチルス属細菌の割合を増加させた汚泥を処理槽に戻す操作を繰り返すことにより、バチルス属細菌の割合をさらに高めることが可能である。 First, the sludge that wants to increase the proportion of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus is collected from a biological wastewater treatment facility. The biological wastewater treatment facility may include a denitrification tank, a nitrification tank, a secondary denitrification tank, a re-aeration tank, and the like depending on its configuration, and this method can be applied to any treatment tank. The amount of sludge to be collected may be the total amount of sludge in the target treatment tank or a part thereof. In the latter case, it is possible to further increase the proportion of Bacillus bacteria by repeating the operation of returning the sludge having an increased proportion of Bacillus bacteria to the treatment tank.
続いて、採取した汚泥を芽胞形成ステップに供する。芽胞形成ステップは、バチルス属細菌に芽胞を形成させる条件であれば特に限定されない。例えば、酸素濃度を０〜１体積％にする低酸素処理、０〜１２℃、１〜２４時間の低温処理、５０〜６０℃、１〜６時間の高温処理、水分含量を０〜５質量％にする乾燥処理などによって実施することができる。しかしながら、設備が簡単で、低コストに実施することが可能である点で０〜１２℃、１〜２４時間、より好ましくは４〜１２℃、５〜２４時間、特に好ましくは４℃、２４時間の低温処理により実施することが好ましい。低温処理は、例えば汚泥を入れた容器を冷蔵庫や冷蔵室内に放置することで行ってもよいし、汚泥の入った容器中に冷却装置を投入して行ってもよい。 Subsequently, the collected sludge is subjected to a spore formation step. The spore formation step is not particularly limited as long as it is a condition for causing a Bacillus bacterium to form a spore. For example, low oxygen treatment for oxygen concentration of 0 to 1% by volume, low temperature treatment of 0 to 12 ° C. for 1 to 24 hours, high temperature treatment of 50 to 60 ° C. for 1 to 6 hours, water content of 0 to 5% by mass It can be carried out by a drying process or the like. However, it is 0 to 12 ° C. and 1 to 24 hours, more preferably 4 to 12 ° C. and 5 to 24 hours, particularly preferably 4 ° C. and 24 hours in that the equipment is simple and can be implemented at low cost. It is preferable to carry out by low temperature treatment. The low-temperature treatment may be performed, for example, by leaving a container containing sludge in a refrigerator or a refrigerator, or may be performed by inserting a cooling device into the container containing sludge.
続いて、芽胞形成ステップ後の汚泥を殺菌ステップに供する。殺菌ステップはバチルス属細菌の芽胞が死滅せず、それ以外の細菌が死滅する条件であれば特に限定されない。例えば、８０〜９５℃、０．５〜１時間の高温処理などによって実施することができる。しかしながら、設備が簡単で、低コストに実施することが可能である点で８０〜９５℃、０．５〜１時間、より好ましくは８０〜８５℃、０．５〜１時間、特に好ましくは８０℃、０．５時間の高温処理により実施することが好ましい。高温処理は、例えば汚泥を入れた容器を８０℃に調整したウォーターバスに浸して行ってもよいし、汚泥の入った容器中に加熱装置を投入して行ってもよい。 Subsequently, the sludge after the spore formation step is subjected to a sterilization step. The sterilization step is not particularly limited as long as the spore of the genus Bacillus does not die and other bacteria die. For example, it can be carried out by high-temperature treatment at 80 to 95 ° C. for 0.5 to 1 hour. However, it is 80 to 95 ° C. and 0.5 to 1 hour, more preferably 80 to 85 ° C. and 0.5 to 1 hour, particularly preferably 80 in that the equipment is simple and can be implemented at low cost. It is preferable to carry out by high temperature treatment at 0 ° C. for 0.5 hour. The high temperature treatment may be performed, for example, by immersing a container containing sludge in a water bath adjusted to 80 ° C., or by introducing a heating device into the container containing sludge.
殺菌処理後の汚泥中には芽胞を形成したバチルス属細菌が生存し、それ以外の細菌がほとんど死滅しているため、バチルス属細菌の割合が高まっている。殺菌処理後の汚泥中の全細菌に対するバチルス属細菌の割合は、汚泥の排水処理能力が高い点で、３〜３０％となっていることが好ましい。 In the sludge after the sterilization treatment, Bacillus bacteria having formed spores survive, and other bacteria are almost dead, so the percentage of Bacillus bacteria is increasing. It is preferable that the ratio of the Bacillus genus bacteria with respect to all the bacteria in the sludge after a sterilization process is 3 to 30% at the point which the wastewater treatment capacity of sludge is high.
続いてバチルス属細菌の割合を増加させた汚泥を生物的排水処理設備に移入する。芽胞を形成していたバチルス属細菌は再び活発に活動を開始し、排水処理が可能な状態となる。 Subsequently, the sludge with an increased proportion of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus is transferred to a biological wastewater treatment facility. The Bacillus bacteria that had formed spores began to be active again and became ready for wastewater treatment.
別の態様において、本発明は、生物的排水処理設備の汚泥中の、バチルス属細菌数を測定する方法を提供する。 In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for measuring the number of Bacillus bacteria in sludge of a biological wastewater treatment facility.
まず、バチルス属細菌数を測定したい汚泥を生物的排水処理設備から採取する。生物的排水処理設備は、その構成によって、脱窒槽、硝化槽、２次脱窒槽、再曝気槽などを含む場合があるが、いずれの処理槽においてもこの方法を適用することができる。汚泥の採取量は５〜２０ｍＬ程度でよい。 First, the sludge for which the number of Bacillus bacteria is to be measured is collected from a biological wastewater treatment facility. The biological wastewater treatment facility may include a denitrification tank, a nitrification tank, a secondary denitrification tank, a re-aeration tank, and the like depending on its configuration, and this method can be applied to any treatment tank. The amount of collected sludge may be about 5 to 20 mL.
続いて、採取した汚泥を上記と同様にして、芽胞形成ステップ及び殺菌ステップに供する。 Subsequently, the collected sludge is subjected to a spore formation step and a sterilization step in the same manner as described above.
殺菌ステップ後の汚泥中には芽胞を形成したバチルス属細菌が生存し、それ以外の細菌がほとんど死滅している。この汚泥を段階希釈して、一定容量、例えば２００μＬを寒天培地上に塗布し、インキュベーター内で培養してバチルス属細菌のコロニーを形成させる。培地は一般的なものでよく、例えば本願実施例１に示した培地でよい。どの希釈段階がコロニー数の測定に適しているかわからないため、数段階の希釈した汚泥を寒天培地で培養することが好ましい。およそ１０万倍に希釈すると適当なコロニー数が得られる場合が多い。寒天培地に塗布した細菌は、２５〜３８℃で４〜２４時間、より好ましくは３５〜３８℃で６〜１２時間、特に好ましくは３７℃で１２時間培養することが好ましい。 In the sludge after the sterilization step, bacteria of the genus Bacillus that formed spores survive, and other bacteria are almost dead. This sludge is serially diluted, and a fixed volume, for example, 200 μL, is applied onto an agar medium and cultured in an incubator to form Bacillus bacteria colonies. The medium may be a general one, for example, the medium shown in Example 1 of the present application. Since it is not known which dilution stage is suitable for the determination of the number of colonies, it is preferable to culture several stages of diluted sludge on an agar medium. In many cases, an appropriate number of colonies can be obtained by diluting approximately 100,000 times. Bacteria coated on an agar medium are preferably cultured at 25-38 ° C. for 4-24 hours, more preferably 35-38 ° C. for 6-12 hours, particularly preferably 37 ° C. for 12 hours.
バチルス属細菌はその他の細菌と比較して成長が速いため、バチルス属細菌以外の菌が混入していた場合でも、上記の条件で形成されるコロニーはほとんどバチルス属細菌のものである。このため、より正確にバチルス属細菌数を測定することが可能である。また、上記の条件で形成させたコロニーが大きさや形状などの点で測定しやすい。 Since Bacillus bacteria grow faster than other bacteria, even when bacteria other than Bacillus bacteria are mixed, colonies formed under the above conditions are mostly those of Bacillus bacteria. For this reason, it is possible to measure the number of Bacillus bacteria more accurately. In addition, colonies formed under the above conditions are easy to measure in terms of size and shape.
続いて、測定した寒天培地上のコロニー数、寒天培地に塗布した容量及び希釈倍率をもとに、汚泥原液中のバチルス属細菌数（個／ｍＬ）を算出することができる。 Subsequently, based on the measured number of colonies on the agar medium, the volume applied to the agar medium, and the dilution rate, the number of Bacillus bacteria (number / mL) in the sludge stock solution can be calculated.
また、芽胞形成ステップ及び殺菌ステップを行なわず、採取した汚泥を上記と同様にして寒天培地上に塗布して培養し、コロニー数を測定することにより、汚泥中の全細菌数を測定することができる。 Moreover, without performing the spore formation step and the sterilization step, the collected sludge is applied and cultured on an agar medium in the same manner as described above, and the total number of bacteria in the sludge can be measured by measuring the number of colonies. it can.
以下、本発明の実施例を示して、本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲での種々の変更が可能である。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. Can be changed.
（実施例１）
（寒天培地の作製）
肉エキス（Ｌａｂ−Ｌｅｍｃｏ社、ＬＰ００２９）１０ｇ、ペプトン（Ｌａｂ−Ｌｅｍｃｏ社、ＬＰ００３７）１０ｇ、ＮａＣｌ １０ｇ、寒天２０ｇを蒸留水に溶解後、塩酸又は水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてｐＨを７．０に調整し、１Ｌにメスアップした。この溶液を三角フラスコに入れてシリコン栓をセットし、オートクレーブを用いて１２１℃３０分滅菌した。オートクレーブ後、培地が冷めて固まる前に、クリーンベンチ内で滅菌シャーレに分注した。寒天が固まるまでシャーレのふたを開け、室温で固化させた。培地が固化したらビニール袋に入れ、冷蔵庫中で保存した。
Example 1
(Preparation of agar medium)
Dissolve 10 g of meat extract (Lab-Lemco, LP0029), 10 g of peptone (Lab-Lemco, LP0037), 10 g of NaCl, and 20 g of agar in distilled water, and then adjust the pH to 7.0 using hydrochloric acid or aqueous sodium hydroxide. Adjusted and made up to 1L. This solution was put into an Erlenmeyer flask, a silicon stopper was set, and sterilized at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes using an autoclave. After autoclaving, the medium was dispensed into a sterile petri dish in a clean bench before the medium cooled and solidified. The petri dish lid was opened until the agar solidified and solidified at room temperature. When the medium solidified, it was placed in a plastic bag and stored in a refrigerator.
（汚泥サンプルの採取）
生物的排水処理設備の硝化槽より、２５ｍＬの汚泥サンプルを試験管に採取した。
(Sludge sample collection)
A 25 mL sludge sample was collected in a test tube from a nitrification tank of a biological wastewater treatment facility.
（芽胞形成ステップ）
採取した汚泥サンプルを冷蔵庫に入れ、４℃で２４時間静置し、バチルス属細菌に芽胞を形成させた。
(Spore formation step)
The collected sludge sample was put in a refrigerator and allowed to stand at 4 ° C. for 24 hours to form spores in Bacillus bacteria.
（殺菌ステップ）
芽胞形成ステップ後の汚泥サンプルを８０℃に設定したウォーターバス中に設置し、３０分間放置した。これにより芽胞を形成しなかった細菌を死滅させた。
(Sterilization step)
The sludge sample after the spore formation step was placed in a water bath set at 80 ° C. and left for 30 minutes. This killed bacteria that did not form spores.
（バチルス属細菌のコロニーの形成）
上記の殺菌ステップ後の汚泥サンプルをホモジナイザーで１０秒間撹拌し、均一に懸濁した。４．５ｍＬの滅菌した０．５％塩化ナトリウム溶液に、汚泥サンプル０．５ｍＬを加えて撹拌し、１０倍希釈サンプルを調製した。この操作を繰り返し、汚泥サンプルを段階希釈した。１０−２、１０−４、１０−６、１０−８倍に段階希釈した汚泥サンプル各２００μＬをそれぞれ上記の寒天培地に塗布後、３７℃に設定したインキュベーター内で１２時間培養した。図１に、出現したバチルス属細菌のコロニーの写真を示す。図１（ａ）、（ｂ）、（ｃ）、（ｄ）はそれぞれ１０−２、１０−４、１０−６、１０−８倍に希釈したサンプルを培養した結果である。出現したコロニー数を測定し、希釈倍率と培地に塗布した容量（２００μＬ）をもとに、汚泥サンプル原液１ｍＬあたりのバチルス属細菌数を算出した。その結果、汚泥サンプル原液中に、１．０×１０９個／ｍＬのバチルス属細菌が存在することが明らかとなった。
(Formation of colonies of Bacillus bacteria)
The sludge sample after the above sterilization step was stirred for 10 seconds with a homogenizer and suspended uniformly. To 4.5 mL of a sterilized 0.5% sodium chloride solution, 0.5 mL of a sludge sample was added and stirred to prepare a 10-fold diluted sample. This operation was repeated, and the sludge sample was serially diluted. 200 μL of each sludge sample serially diluted 10 −2 , 10 −4 , 10 −6 , and 10 −8 times was applied to the agar medium and cultured in an incubator set at 37 ° C. for 12 hours. FIG. 1 shows a photograph of a colony of Bacillus bacteria that appeared. 1 (a), (b), (c), and (d) are the results of culturing samples diluted 10 −2 , 10 −4 , 10 −6 , and 10 −8 times, respectively. The number of colonies that appeared was measured, and the number of Bacillus bacteria per 1 mL of the sludge sample stock solution was calculated based on the dilution rate and the volume (200 μL) applied to the medium. As a result, it was clarified that 1.0 × 10 9 cells / mL of Bacillus bacteria were present in the sludge sample stock solution.
図１の写真において、形成されたコロニーの形状から、ほとんどがバチルス属細菌のコロニーであることが判断できる。この結果から、上記の芽胞形成ステップ及び殺菌ステップによって、汚泥中のバチルス属細菌の割合を増加させることができたことが示される。 In the photograph of FIG. 1, it can be judged from the shape of the formed colony that most are the colonies of the genus Bacillus. This result shows that the ratio of Bacillus bacteria in the sludge could be increased by the spore formation step and the sterilization step.
（全細菌のコロニーの形成）
上記の芽胞形成ステップ及び殺菌ステップを行なっていない汚泥サンプルを、上記と同様の方法により０．５％塩化ナトリウム溶液を用いて１０−２、１０−４、１０−６、１０−８倍に段階希釈した。各希釈段階のサンプル２００μＬを上記の寒天培地に塗布後、３７℃に設定したインキュベーター内で１２時間培養した。出現したコロニー数を測定した。希釈倍率と培地に塗布した容量（２００μＬ）をもとに、汚泥サンプル原液１ｍＬあたりの全細菌数を算出した。その結果、汚泥サンプル原液中に、３．０×１０９個／ｍＬのバチルス属細菌が存在することが明らかとなった。
(Formation of all bacterial colonies)
The sludge sample not subjected to the spore formation step and the sterilization step is staged 10 −2 , 10 −4 , 10 −6 , and 10 −8 times using a 0.5% sodium chloride solution by the same method as described above. Diluted. After 200 μL of each diluted sample was applied to the agar medium, it was cultured in an incubator set at 37 ° C. for 12 hours. The number of colonies that appeared was measured. Based on the dilution factor and the volume (200 μL) applied to the medium, the total number of bacteria per 1 mL of the sludge sample stock solution was calculated. As a result, it became clear that 3.0 × 10 9 cells / mL of Bacillus bacteria were present in the sludge sample stock solution.
（実施例２）
第１系統の生物的排水処理設備の脱窒槽、硝化槽、２次脱窒槽及び再曝気槽並びに第２系統の生物的排水処理設備の硝化槽から定期的に汚泥サンプルを採取し、実施例１と同様の方法により、全細菌数及びバチルス属細菌数を測定した。表１及び図２（ａ）に汚泥サンプル原液１ｍＬあたりの全細菌数の測定値及びグラフを示し、表２及び図２（ｂ）に汚泥サンプル原液１ｍＬあたりのバチルス属細菌数の測定値及びグラフを示す。
(Example 2)
First, sludge samples were collected from the denitrification tank, nitrification tank, secondary denitrification tank and re-aeration tank of the first system biological wastewater treatment facility, and from the nitrification tank of the second system biological wastewater treatment facility. The total number of bacteria and the number of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus were measured by the same method. Table 1 and Fig. 2 (a) show the measured values and graph of the total number of bacteria per mL of sludge sample stock solution, and Table 2 and Fig. 2 (b) show the measured value and graph of the number of Bacillus bacteria per mL of sludge sample stock solution. Indicates.
（比較例１）
特許文献１の記載に基づいて、従来法によるバチルス属細菌数の測定を行った。
(Comparative Example 1)
Based on the description in Patent Document 1, the number of Bacillus bacteria was measured by a conventional method.
（寒天培地の作製）
ニュートリエントブロス（Ｄｉｆｃｏ社製ＣＭ−１）８ｇ、ぶどう糖８ｇ、ＮａＣｌ ６ｇ、寒天１５ｇを蒸留水に溶解後、１Ｌにメスアップした。この溶液を実施例１の寒天培地と同様にオートクレーブし、滅菌シャーレ中で固化させた。培地が固化したらビニール袋に入れ、冷蔵庫中で保存した。
(Preparation of agar medium)
Nutrient broth (Difco CM-1) 8 g, glucose 8 g, NaCl 6 g, and agar 15 g were dissolved in distilled water and diluted to 1 L. This solution was autoclaved in the same manner as the agar medium of Example 1 and solidified in a sterile petri dish. When the medium solidified, it was placed in a plastic bag and stored in a refrigerator.
（汚泥サンプルの採取）
実施例２と同様にして生物的排水処理設備から定期的に汚泥サンプルを採取した。
(Sludge sample collection)
In the same manner as in Example 2, sludge samples were periodically collected from the biological wastewater treatment facility.
（コロニーの形成）
回収した汚泥サンプルを実施例１と同様にして段階希釈し、上記の寒天培地に塗布した。３７℃に設定したインキュベーター内で２４時間培養し、全細菌のコロニーを形成させた。
(Formation of colonies)
The collected sludge sample was serially diluted in the same manner as in Example 1 and applied to the agar medium. The cells were cultured in an incubator set at 37 ° C. for 24 hours to form whole bacterial colonies.
（コロニーの測定）
コロニーの形状をもとにバチルス属細菌のコロニーであるか否かを判断し、バチルス属細菌のコロニー数を測定した。コロニーの色調が白色であること、周辺が鮮明であること、表面が艶なしであり、皺状であることをバチルス属細菌のコロニーであると判断する指標とした。また、全コロニー数を測定し、全細菌のコロニー数とした。表３及び図３（ａ）に汚泥サンプル原液１ｍＬあたりの全細菌数の測定値及びこれをプロットしたグラフを示し、表４及び図３（ｂ）に汚泥サンプル原液１ｍＬあたりのバチルス属細菌数の測定値及びこれをプロットしたグラフを示す。
(Measure colony)
Based on the shape of the colony, it was determined whether it was a colony of Bacillus bacteria, and the number of Bacillus bacteria colonies was measured. The colony color tone was white, the surrounding area was clear, the surface was dull, and the shape was a cocoon was used as an index for judging that it was a colony of Bacillus bacteria. In addition, the total number of colonies was measured and used as the total number of bacterial colonies. Table 3 and FIG. 3 (a) show the measured values of the total number of bacteria per mL of sludge sample stock solution and a graph plotting this, and Table 4 and FIG. 3 (b) show the number of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus per mL of sludge sample stock solution. A measured value and a graph plotting the measured value are shown.
Claims (6)
当該汚泥中の細菌に芽胞を形成させる芽胞形成ステップと、
芽胞形成ステップ後の当該汚泥を殺菌する殺菌ステップと
を含む方法。 A method for increasing the ratio of Bacillus bacteria to total bacteria in sludge of a biological wastewater treatment facility,
A spore formation step for causing bacteria in the sludge to form spores;
A sterilization step of sterilizing the sludge after the spore formation step.
当該汚泥中の細菌に芽胞を形成させる芽胞形成ステップと、
芽胞形成ステップ後の当該汚泥を殺菌する殺菌ステップと、
殺菌ステップ後の当該汚泥を培養してバチルス属細菌のコロニーを形成させる培養ステップと、
当該コロニー数を測定して汚泥中のバチルス属細菌数を算出する算出ステップと
を含む方法。 A method for measuring the number of Bacillus bacteria in sludge of a biological wastewater treatment facility,
A spore formation step for causing bacteria in the sludge to form spores;
A sterilization step for sterilizing the sludge after the spore formation step;
A culture step of culturing the sludge after the sterilization step to form colonies of Bacillus bacteria,
A calculation step of measuring the number of colonies and calculating the number of Bacillus bacteria in the sludge.
測定されたバチルス属細菌数に基づいて、生物的排水処理設備における曝気量、汚泥の返送量及び投入排水量からなる群から選択される１つ以上の因子を変化させるステップと
を含む、生物的排水処理方法。
Measuring the number of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus in the sludge of the biological wastewater treatment facility by the method according to claim 2;
Changing one or more factors selected from the group consisting of aeration volume, sludge return volume, and input wastewater volume in a biological wastewater treatment facility based on the measured number of Bacillus bacteria. Processing method.
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