CN109781474B - High-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device and using method thereof - Google Patents

High-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device and using method thereof Download PDF

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CN109781474B
CN109781474B CN201811604970.7A CN201811604970A CN109781474B CN 109781474 B CN109781474 B CN 109781474B CN 201811604970 A CN201811604970 A CN 201811604970A CN 109781474 B CN109781474 B CN 109781474B
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flue gas
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measuring device
pipeline
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CN109781474A (en
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杨富鑫
李正鸿
刘鹤欣
谭厚章
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of flue gas particle sampling and measuring. Comprises a flue gas diluting device, a flue gas cooling device, a particle separating device, a sampling and measuring device and an air extracting device; the flue gas is diluted and primarily cooled through the sleeve type flue gas dilution device, and dilution gas does not directly enter a flue gas pipe, so that the influence of quenching on flue gas particles is prevented; and further cooling by a smoke cooling device, removing large particles by a particle separating device, and sampling and measuring by using a sampling measuring device after the concentration and the temperature of the diluted and cooled smoke meet the sampling and measuring requirements. The device structural design is reasonable, multiple functional, can feed back coolant temperature and flue gas temperature through first thermometer and second thermometer in real time, can in time adjust coolant flow and lower the temperature to the flue gas, and temperature adaptability is wide, satisfies the sampling and the measurement needs of various occasions, and is nimble convenient.

Description

High-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device and using method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sampling and measuring of smoke particles, and particularly relates to a high-temperature smoke particle sampling and measuring device and a using method thereof.
Background
At present, the sampling methods of fine particles at home and abroad are technically mainly divided into two types: one is a direct sampling method based on the source environment, mainly measures filterable particles, and is suitable for the particle environment with higher concentration; the other method is a dilution sampling method based on the atmospheric environment, which is more accurate in test but takes longer time. The existing flue gas particle analysis usually mainly analyzes the particle size of the front and rear flue gas particles of a dust remover and the dust removal efficiency, so that sampling points are mostly arranged at a low-temperature flue, high-temperature flue gas such as a hearth cannot be sampled, the temperature limitation exists, the existing analysis usually mainly adopts a field sampling-laboratory particle size analysis mode, the sampling and the analysis are separated, and the problems of sample deterioration, loss, lack and the like are inevitable in the storage process of the sample.
The invention relates to a Chinese patent (publication No. CN108332993A) relating to a rapid flame-retardant solid combustion particle sampling device and a sampling step thereof, wherein the sampling device comprises a sleeve, a filter cylinder and an air pump, the sleeve is communicated with the filter cylinder and the air pump in sequence, the sleeve is composed of a plurality of layers of pipe bodies, one part of interlayer chambers formed between interlayer sleeves is used for discharging inert gas from a sampling end, and the other part of interlayer chambers is used for cooling the inert gas, so that the sample is not oxidized and combusted due to air when the sampling device samples, and the sample is not distorted. However, the cooling water needs to be inert gas for cooling in the sampling process, the cooling efficiency is not high, and the dilution problem required by sampling is not considered.
The Chinese invention patent (publication number CN108548700A) relates to the field of fine particle analysis and measurement related equipment, and discloses a quantitative dilution sampling probe for water-free cold high-temperature aerosol. An annular channel is formed between the dilution air pipe and the mixing air pipe which is coaxially embedded in the dilution air pipe and used for conveying dilution air; the sampling nozzle is composed of a sample inlet, an outer nozzle and an inner nozzle. The invention can effectively isolate the heating of the flame to the diluent gas and reduce the interference of the sampling probe to the flame, but the cooling effect is limited and the high-temperature particles at about 1000 ℃ can not be cooled.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a device for sampling and measuring high temperature flue gas particles, which has a reasonable structure and is convenient to operate, and can dilute and cool high temperature gas, and remove large particles from the diluted and cooled flue gas, thereby meeting the sampling and measuring requirements and completing the sampling and measuring of the high temperature flue gas particles.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a high-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device, which comprises a flue gas diluting device, a flue gas cooling device, a particle separating device, a sampling and measuring device and an air extracting device, wherein the flue gas cooling device is connected with the sampling and measuring device;
the flue gas diluting device comprises a flue gas pipe, a diluent gas convection pipeline and a diluent gas storage, wherein the diluent gas convection pipeline is sleeved on the outer layer of the flue gas pipe, a cavity is formed between the diluent gas convection pipeline and the flue gas pipe, and the flue gas pipe is provided with a through hole communicated with the diluent gas convection pipeline; the dilution gas storage is connected with a dilution gas convection pipeline through a pipeline, and a first valve and a dilution gas flowmeter are arranged on the pipeline; one end of the flue gas pipe is connected with a sampling gun head, the other end of the flue gas pipe is connected with the particle separation device, and a second thermometer is arranged at the inlet of the particle separation device;
the flue gas cooling device is arranged between the flue gas diluting device and the particle separating device, the flue gas cooling device is sleeved on the flue gas pipe, and cooling media circulate through the cooling medium inlet and the cooling medium outlet to cool the flue gas pipe; the cooling medium inlet is provided with a second valve, and the cooling medium outlet is provided with a first thermometer; the particle separation device is connected with the sampling measurement device through a first pipeline, and the sampling measurement device is connected with the vacuum pump through a second pipeline.
Preferably, the through hole is arranged close to the sampling lance head and the dilution gas reservoir is arranged close to the flue gas cooling device.
Preferably, the flue gas cooling device is of a multi-layer sleeve structure and comprises a second chamber formed by the outer wall of the flue gas pipe and a rotary partition plate and a third chamber formed by the rotary partition plate and the outer wall of the flue gas cooling device, and the second chamber is communicated with the third chamber; the flowing direction of the cooling medium in the second chamber is opposite to the flowing direction of the medium in the flue gas pipe; the second chamber is communicated with the cooling medium inlet, and the third chamber is communicated with the cooling medium outlet.
Preferably, the flue gas cooling device is detachably sleeved on the flue gas pipe.
Preferably, the sampling and measuring device comprises two parallel pipelines, one pipeline is provided with a particle size measuring device, the other pipeline is provided with a particle sampler, and a branch of the two pipelines is provided with a three-way valve.
Further preferably, the two parallel lines of the sampling and measuring device are detachable.
Preferably, the dilution gas used by the flue gas dilution device is an inert gas.
Preferably, the through holes are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the flue gas pipe in the circumferential direction.
Preferably, the second pipeline is provided with a drying device and a valve.
The invention also discloses a using method of the high-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: disconnecting the sampling and measuring device and connecting the particle separation device with the air extraction device; opening the smoke cooling device, opening the air extraction device after the cooling medium circulates normally, sampling by using a sampling gun head, monitoring display numerical values of the first thermometer and the second thermometer, and adjusting the flow of the cooling medium through the second valve;
step 2: opening the flue gas diluting device according to the dilution multiple, monitoring the flow value of the diluting gas through a diluting gas flowmeter, and adjusting the flow of the diluting gas through a first valve;
and step 3: according to the display values of the first thermometer and the second thermometer, the flow of the cooling medium is adjusted through the second valve, and the indication value of the second thermometer is ensured to meet the requirement of the sampling measuring device;
and 4, step 4: connecting a sampling measuring device between the particle separating device and the air extracting device; and opening the air exhaust device, the flue gas cooling device and the flue gas diluting device, sampling by using the sampling gun head, and sampling and measuring flue gas particles after indication values of the first thermometer and the second thermometer are stable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the high-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device disclosed by the invention, flue gas is diluted and primarily cooled through the sleeve type flue gas diluting device, and dilution gas does not directly enter the flue gas pipe, so that the influence of rapid cooling on flue gas particles is prevented; and further cooling by a smoke cooling device, removing large particles which are not the target to be tested by a particle separating device, and sampling and measuring by using a sampling measuring device after the concentration and the temperature of the diluted and cooled smoke meet the sampling and measuring requirements. The device structural design is reasonable, multiple functional, can feed back coolant temperature and flue gas temperature through first thermometer and second thermometer in real time, can in time adjust coolant flow and lower the temperature to the flue gas, and temperature adaptability is wide, satisfies the sampling and the measurement needs of various occasions, and is nimble convenient.
Further, the through-hole is close to the setting of sample rifle head, and the diluent gas accumulator is close to the flue gas cooling device and sets up, can increase diluent gas's stroke, improves the cooling effect.
Furthermore, the flue gas cooling device adopts a multi-layer sleeve structure, the contact area between the cooling medium and the outer wall of the flue gas pipe is increased, the cooling medium flows out of the flue gas cooling device after countercurrent heat exchange, and the cooling effect is improved.
Further, flue gas cooling device detachable cover is established on the flue gas pipe, and when flue gas diluting device can cool off the flue gas temperature to suitable temperature, pull down flue gas cooling device, reduces device weight, portable and operation.
Furthermore, the sampling and measuring device comprises two parallel pipelines which can be connected with the particle size measuring device and the particle sampler at the same time, and the sampling and measuring device and the particle sampler are connected through a three-way valve, and when the sampling and measuring device is connected with the particle sampler all the way, the other pipeline is closed, so that the sampling and measuring device is convenient to operate and high in efficiency.
Furthermore, two parallel pipelines of the sampling and measuring device can be detachably arranged, when only one test task is performed, only one instrument can be carried and connected, the efficiency is improved, and the labor is reduced.
Furthermore, the diluent gas is inert gas, so that an inert atmosphere can be formed while a good cooling effect is achieved, and the smoke particles are prevented from being oxidized and deteriorated.
Furthermore, the through holes are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the flue gas pipe in the circumferential direction, so that the diluent gas can uniformly enter the flue gas pipe, and the influence on the flow field of the flue gas in the flue gas pipe is prevented.
Furthermore, a drying device and a valve are arranged on the second pipeline, so that the power of the air extracting device can be adjusted in real time, and further the flow of the flue gas can be adjusted.
The use method of the high-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device disclosed by the invention guides the sampling and measuring of the high-temperature flue gas particles through reasonable operation steps; through sampling in advance, adjust coolant and diluent gas's flow, insert sampling measurement device again after suitable, prevent that the too high temperature sampling measurement device from causing the damage, easy and simple to handle, practicality are strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view in partial longitudinal section of a flue gas dilution device and a flue gas cooling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of a flue gas cooling device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of the flue gas dilution device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a through hole in a flue pipe of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the insulated handle of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 is a sampling gun head, 2 is a flue gas diluting device, 2a is a diluting gas storage device, 2b is a diluting gas release flowmeter, 2c is a diluting gas convection pipeline, and 2d is a through hole; 3 is a flue gas cooling device, 3a is a flue gas pipe, 3b is a second chamber, 3c is a third chamber, 3d is a cooling medium outlet, and 3e is a cooling medium inlet; 4 is a heat insulation grab handle, 5a is a first thermometer, 5b is a second thermometer, 6 is a particle separation device, 7 is a particle size measurement device, 7a is an air cleaning device, 7b is a flow meter, 7c is an ELPI particle size measurement device, 7d is a mixing chamber, 8 is a particle sampler, 9 is a three-way valve, 9a is a first pipeline valve, 9b is a second pipeline valve, 10 is an air extraction device, 10a is a vacuum pump, and 10b is a drying device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate and not to limit the invention:
the invention relates to a high-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device, which comprises a flue gas diluting device 2, a flue gas cooling device 3, a particle separating device 6, a sampling and measuring device and an air extracting device 10a as shown in figure 1;
referring to fig. 2 and 4, the flue gas dilution device 2 includes a flue gas pipe 3a, a diluent gas convection pipe 2c and a diluent release gas storage 2a, the diluent gas convection pipe 2c is sleeved on the outer layer of the flue gas pipe 3a, and the two are arrangedA cavity is formed between the two, as shown in fig. 5, through holes 2d communicated with a diluent gas convection pipeline 2c are arranged on a flue gas pipe 3a, the through holes 2d are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the flue gas pipe 3a, the through holes 2d are arranged close to a sampling gun head 1, and a diluent gas storage 2a is arranged close to a flue gas cooling device 3 so as to increase the stroke of diluent gas. The diluent gas reservoir 2a is connected with a diluent gas convection pipeline 2c through a pipeline, and a first valve and a diluent gas flowmeter 2b are arranged on the pipeline; one end of the flue gas pipe 3a is connected with a sampling gun head 1, the other end is connected with a particle separation device 6, a second thermometer 5b is arranged at the inlet of the particle separation device 6, and the second thermometer 5b measures the temperature t of the cooled flue gas2Generally 150 ℃ is required<t2<At 200 ℃. The particle separating device 6 can adopt a cyclone separator or a particle separating membrane, etc.; the dilution gas used by the flue gas dilution means 2 is preferably an inert gas. As shown in fig. 6, a heat insulation grab handle 4 can be additionally arranged at a proper position of the flue gas pipe 3a and is coated by heat insulation materials, so that the flue gas pipe is convenient to hold by hands and can prevent scalding.
As shown in fig. 3, the flue gas cooling device 3 is arranged between the flue gas diluting device 2 and the particle separating device 6, preferably has a multi-layer sleeve structure, is detachably sleeved on the flue gas pipe 3a, and comprises a second chamber 3b formed by the outer wall of the flue gas pipe 3a and a rotary partition plate and a third chamber 3c formed by the rotary partition plate and the outer wall of the flue gas cooling device 3, and the second chamber 3b is communicated with the third chamber 3 c; the circulation direction of the cooling medium in the second chamber 3b is opposite to the flow direction of the medium in the flue gas pipe 2 e; the second chamber 3b communicates with the cooling medium inlet 3e, and the third chamber 3c communicates with the cooling medium outlet 3 d. The flue gas cooling device 3 is sleeved on a flue gas pipe 3a, and a cooling medium circularly cools the flue gas pipe 2e through a cooling medium inlet 3e and a cooling medium outlet 3 d; the cooling medium inlet 3e is provided with a second valve, the cooling medium outlet 3d is provided with a first thermometer 5a, and the first thermometer 5a measures the temperature t of the cooling medium outlet 3d1General requirements of t1<45 ℃; the particle separation device 6 is connected with the sampling measurement device through a first pipeline, the sampling measurement device is connected with the vacuum pump 10a through a second pipeline, and the second pipeline is provided with a drying device 10b and a valve, so that the phenomenon that water in flue gas causes the damage of the air extraction device 10a can be prevented, and the air extraction device is used for extracting airThe device 10a may employ an air pump, a vacuum pump, or the like. The sampling and measuring device can be designed into two parallel pipelines, and the two pipelines can be detached and simultaneously connected or only connected with one pipeline according to actual conditions. One pipeline is provided with a particle size measuring device 7, the other pipeline is provided with a particle sampler 8, and the branch of the two pipelines is provided with a three-way valve 9. The particle diameter measuring device 7 may employ ELPI (electrostatic low pressure impactor), and the particle sampler 8 may employ LPI (low pressure impactor). When the ELPI particle size measuring device 7c is used, a mixing chamber 7d can be arranged on a pipeline in front of the ELPI particle size measuring device 7c, the mixing chamber 7d is connected with a clean air flow meter 7b and an air cleaning device 7a, the clean air is used for carrying out secondary dilution on the smoke, and the clean air and the smoke are fully mixed in the mixing chamber 7d and then enter the ELPI particle size measuring device 7c to meet the requirement of the detection equipment on concentration. When no secondary dilution is performed, the dilution ratio is achieved by adjusting the flue gas flow rate Q1 and the nitrogen flow rate Q2, and the dilution ratio is (Q1+ Q2)/Q1. When the secondary dilution is performed, the dilution ratio is realized by adjusting the flue gas flow rate Q1, the nitrogen flow rate Q2 and the clean air flow rate Q3, and the dilution ratio n is (Q1+ Q2+ Q3)/Q1. The measured result is multiplied by the dilution factor to restore the particle data of the sampled flue gas.
The following is a specific example provided to further illustrate the invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention:
the diluent gas convection pipeline 2c, the flue gas cooling device 3 and the operating handle part are all designed and manufactured parts, and the diluent gas convection pipeline 2c and the flue gas pipe 3a are made of nickel-chromium steel and can resist high temperature of about 1200 ℃. The pipe wall size of the common flue gas cooling device is provided below, the pipe wall thickness is 2mm, the inner diameter of the flue gas pipe 3a is 6mm, the inner diameter of the annular pipe of the second chamber 3b is 16mm, the inner diameter of the third chamber 3c is 26mm, and the inner diameter of the diluted gas convection pipe 2c is 16 mm. The flue gas cooling device 3 adopts water as a refrigerant. The first thermometer 5a is arranged at the cooling medium outlet 3d for feeding back the water temperature to adjust the flow of the cooling water. The flue gas cooling device 3 is installed on a flue gas pipe 3a through threads, and the periphery of the flue gas cooling device is sealed by high-temperature glue. The flow is determined according to the dilution multiple, the diluent gas adopts nitrogen, the nitrogen enters a diluent gas convection pipeline 2c through a diluent gas flowmeter 2b, and enters a flue gas pipe 3a for mixing through 8 circumferentially uniformly distributed through holes 2d after heat exchange in the pipe. The nitrogen is preheated in the convection process, so that the heat loss of the flue gas is enhanced, and the influence of the quenching of the nitrogen on particles is prevented. The first thermometer 5a is a resistance thermometer, and the second thermometer 5b is a K-type thermocouple. The heat insulation grab handle 4 is added with heat insulation cotton, and adopts a tetrafluoroethylene grab handle to prevent high temperature scald, and the shape is shown in figure 6. The particle separating device 6 adopts a PM10 cutting cyclone separator to filter large-particle-size particles; a three-way pipe is added behind the cyclone separator, the valves 9a and 9b are controlled by switches to use an LPI particle sampler or an ELPI particle size distribution measuring device, when only one system is used in operation, one valve can be closed, and the other valve is connected with the required system as required, so that the equipment carrying is reduced.
When in use, the experimental device is assembled according to the figure 1, the sampling and the measurement are carried out according to the steps, taking the sampling as an example, the smoke velocity of a flue is measured, and a phi 4.5 sampling gun head is selected; firstly, parameter debugging is carried out, an air pump is switched, a coolant is introduced to fill the second and third chambers, the flow is kept to be stable at 0.1L/min, then a sampling gun head 1 is extended into a sampling hole in the furnace, the temperature in the furnace is 980 ℃, the flow of flue gas is controlled at 10L/min, the flow of nitrogen is adjusted to make the dilution ratio to be 1:64, after the flue gas in the sampling gun is stable, the flow of the coolant is adjusted to be 0.5L/min according to the reading of a second thermometer 5b, and the temperature of the flue gas is 220 ℃; keeping all parameters unchanged, switching the sampling device, opening the valve 9b and the air pump, and collecting the particles in the LPI after waiting for a period of time. If the particle size distribution is measured, the air pump and the valve 9a are opened, the valve 9b is closed, the air dilution ratio is adjusted, the air flow is determined, and after a period of time, the particle size distribution result can be obtained through ELPI. The measured result is multiplied by the dilution factor to restore the particle data of the sampled flue gas.
While the above description is directed to embodiments of the present invention, and the particular operation may be modified in accordance with the circumstances of the field, it is understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the present invention as expressed in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A high-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device is characterized by comprising a flue gas diluting device (2), a flue gas cooling device (3), a particle separating device (6), a sampling and measuring device and an air extracting device (10 a);
the flue gas diluting device (2) comprises a flue gas pipe (3a), a diluent gas convection pipeline (2c) and a diluent gas storage device (2a), the diluent gas convection pipeline (2c) is sleeved on the outer layer of the flue gas pipe (3a), a cavity is formed between the diluent gas convection pipeline and the flue gas pipe, through holes (2d) communicated with the diluent gas convection pipeline (2c) are formed in the flue gas pipe (3a), and the through holes (2d) are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the flue gas pipe (3a) in the circumferential direction; the dilution gas storage (2a) is connected with a dilution gas convection pipeline (2c) through a pipeline, and a first valve and a dilution gas flowmeter (2b) are arranged on the pipeline; one end of the flue gas pipe (3a) is connected with a sampling gun head (1), the other end of the flue gas pipe is connected with a particle separation device (6), and a second thermometer (5b) is arranged at an inlet of the particle separation device (6); the through hole (2d) is arranged close to the sampling gun head (1), and the diluent gas storage (2a) is arranged close to the flue gas cooling device (3);
the flue gas cooling device (3) is arranged between the flue gas diluting device (2) and the particle separating device (6), the flue gas cooling device (3) is detachably sleeved on the flue gas pipe (3a), and cooling media circulate through the cooling medium inlet (3e) and the cooling medium outlet (3d) to cool the flue gas pipe (2 e); the cooling medium inlet (3e) is provided with a second valve, and the cooling medium outlet (3d) is provided with a first thermometer (5 a);
the particle separation device (6) is connected with a sampling and measuring device through a first pipeline, and the sampling and measuring device is connected with a vacuum pump (10a) through a second pipeline.
2. The high-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas cooling device (3) is of a multi-layer sleeve structure and comprises a second chamber (3b) formed by the outer wall of the flue gas pipe (3a) and a rotary partition plate and a third chamber (3c) formed by the rotary partition plate and the outer wall of the flue gas cooling device (3), and the second chamber (3b) is communicated with the third chamber (3 c); the circulation direction of the cooling medium in the second chamber (3b) is opposite to the flowing direction of the medium in the flue gas pipe (2 e); the second chamber (3b) communicates with the cooling medium inlet (3e), and the third chamber (3c) communicates with the cooling medium outlet (3 d).
3. The device for sampling and measuring the particles in the high-temperature flue gas according to claim 1, wherein the sampling and measuring device comprises two parallel pipelines, one pipeline is provided with a particle size measuring device (7), the other pipeline is provided with a particle sampler (8), and a branch of the two pipelines is provided with a three-way valve (9).
4. The high temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device of claim 3, wherein the two parallel lines of the sampling and measuring device are detachable.
5. A high temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dilution gas used by the flue gas dilution device (2) is an inert gas.
6. The high-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the second pipeline is provided with a drying device (10b) and a valve.
7. The use method of the high-temperature flue gas particle sampling and measuring device of any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: disconnecting the sampling and measuring device and connecting the particle separation device (6) with the air extraction device (10 a); opening the flue gas cooling device (3), opening the air extraction device (10a) after the cooling medium circulates normally, sampling by using the sampling gun head (1), monitoring the display numerical values of the first thermometer (5a) and the second thermometer (5b), and adjusting the flow of the cooling medium through the second valve;
step 2: according to the dilution multiple, the flue gas dilution device (2) is opened, the flow value of the dilution gas is monitored through the dilution gas flowmeter (2b), and the flow of the dilution gas is adjusted through the first valve;
and step 3: according to the display values of the first thermometer (5a) and the second thermometer (5b), the flow of the cooling medium is adjusted through the second valve, and the display value of the second thermometer (5b) is ensured to meet the requirement of the sampling measuring device;
and 4, step 4: connecting a sampling measuring device between the particle separating device (6) and the air extracting device (10 a); and (3) opening the air extracting device (10a), the flue gas cooling device (3) and the flue gas diluting device (2), sampling by using the sampling gun head (1), and sampling and measuring flue gas particles after the indication values of the first thermometer (5a) and the second thermometer (5b) are stable.
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